98:(style) inspired in the Cuban guaracha, and which gave rise to other forms of urban music now known as "rumba". Throughout Latin America, "rumba" acquired different connotations, mostly referring to Cubanized, danceable, local styles, such as Colombian
49:. Since the early 20th century the term has been used in different countries to refer to distinct styles of music and dance, most of which are only tangentially related to the original Cuban rumba, if at all. The vague
140:, each of which has a characteristic dance, rhythm and singing. Although still a purely folkloric genre, numerous innovations have been introduced in rumba since the mid 20th century, including new styles such as
88:. In this sense, the anglicised spelling "rhumba" became prevalent and is now recommended to distinguish it from traditional Cuban rumba. Also in the first third of the 20th century, "rumba" entered the Spanish
316:, since flamenco itself might have had an influence on Cuban rumba, particularly on its vocal style. However, musicologists agree that rumba flamenca does not truly derive from Cuban rumba, but from
452:), their music became known as Congolese rumba or rumba Lingala. By the late 1960s, Congolese rumba was an established genre in most of Central Africa, and it would also impact the music of
102:(creole rumba). At the same time, "rumba" began to be used a catch-all term for Afro-Cuban music in most African countries, later giving rise to re-Africanized Cuban-based styles such as
324:. Apart from rumba flamenca, other syncretic styles of Afro-Cuban origin have been named "rumba" throughout the Iberian peninsula, outside of the context of flamenco (where the term
190:
and other Latin artists, the genre had become highly successful and well-defined. The rhumba dance that developed on the East Coast of the United States was based on the
120:
During the second half of the 19th century, several secular dance-oriented music styles were developed by Afro-Cuban workers in the poor neighbourhoods of
170:" (anglicised version of rumba) began to be used during the 1920s to refer to ballroom music with Afro-Cuban music themes, particularly in the context of
448:
throughout Africa. Once local bands tried to emulate the sound of Cuban son (incorrectly referred to as "rumba" in Africa, despite being unrelated to
440:), gaining widespread popularity in the country during the following decades. Their recordings were also made available to the public as part of the
128:. These syncretic styles would later be referred to as "rumba", a word that also meant "party". Traditionally, the three main styles of rumba are
343:) and El PescaĂlla developed an uptempo style that combined elements from rumba flamenca, Spanish gypsy music and pop. This became known as
84:"Rumba" entered the English lexicon in the early 20th century, at least as early as 1919, and by 1935 it was used a verb to denote the
270:
260:, rhumba would then be danced to salsa ensembles instead of big bands. By the end of the 20th century, rhumba was also danced to
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662:
632:
605:
549:
948:
BermĂşdez, Egberto (2008). "From
Colombian national song to Colombian song". In Matter, Max; Grosch, Nils (eds.).
366:. Since the early 2000s, the term rumba has been used in Spain to refer to derivatives of Catalan rumba with
406:). Rumba criolla is classified into different regional styles such as rumba antioqueña and rumba tolimense.
480:
were amongst the most successful
Congolese rumba ensembles of the 20th century. A faster subgenre known as
202:
in 1930. Nowadays, two different styles of ballroom rumba coexist: American style and
International style.
69:
in North
America, as well as West and Central Africa, during much of the 20th century, before the rise of
1104:
1099:
178:, while being rhythmically and instrumentally unrelated to Cuban rumba. By 1935, with the release of "
205:
From 1935 to the 1950s, the
Mexican and American film industry expanded the use of the term rumba as
999:
45:, and by the late 19th century it was used to denote the complex of secular music styles known as
1034:
398:
by artists such as Emilio Sierra, Milciades
Garavito, and DiĂłgenes Chaves PinzĂłn, under the name
234:
735:
Hubbard, Karen; Monaghan, Terry (2009). "Social
Dancing at the Savoy". In Malnig, Julie (ed.).
312:
20:
1049:
622:
465:
445:
248:
as a popular music and dance genre in the US, rhythmic elements of Cuban rumba (particularly
58:
8:
1027:
651:
DĂaz, Román; Palenzuela Jottar, Berta (2004). "Rumba". In
Candelaria, Cordelia (ed.).
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351:). In the 1980s, the style gained international popularity thanks to French ensemble
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Nationalizing
Blackness: Afrocubansimo and artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920-1940
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This article is about the usage of the term rumba in music. For other uses, see
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Representing the Good
Neighbor: Music, Difference, and the Pan American Dream
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Situating Salsa: Global Markets and Local Meanings in Latin Popular Music
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245:
115:
66:
46:
38:
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The Latin Tinge: The Impact of Latin American Music on the United States
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Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and Popular Dance Reader
358:
In the 1990s, the term “tecno-rumba” was used to describe the music of
253:
195:
175:
218:
951:
Song and Popular Culture Special Issue: Popular Song in Latin America
296:
In Spain, the term rumba was introduced in the early 20th century as
261:
65:
of the term. In addition, "rumba" was the primary marketing term for
984:(in Spanish). Fresno, Colombia: Universidad El Bosque. pp. 3–4.
508:
41:. Originally, "rumba" was used as a synonym for "party" in northern
437:
395:
317:
307:
125:
89:
74:
62:
54:
910:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: La Esfera de los Libros. p. 158.
849:(in Spanish). Cádiz, Spain: Universidad de Cádiz. pp. 96–97.
129:
481:
469:
419:
391:
379:
367:
1033:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp.
684:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 115–116, 200.
846:
Paco de LucĂa: La evoluciĂłn del flamenco a travĂ©s de sus rumbas
488:, "to shake") was developed in the late 1960s by bands such as
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321:
214:
191:
167:
157:
121:
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27:
544:. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 54.
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were Cuban and Mexican divas, singers and actresses who sang
927:(in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: Ma Non Troppo. p. 259.
265:
42:
741:. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois. pp. 135, 144.
714:(Concise ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. p. 255.
1004:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408.
424:
In the 1930s and 1940s, Afro-Cuban son groups such as
650:
768:. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 13–32.
765:
Cuban Women and Salsa: To the Beat of Their Own Drum
792:
Mexican Cinema: Reflections of a Society, 1896-2004
657:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 712–725.
1026:
1086:
654:Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Volume 2
600:. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. pp. 43–46.
432:and Los Guaracheros de Oriente were played over
198:. The first rumba competition took place in the
734:
707:
390:In the late 1930s and early 1940s, a fusion of
1078:. 18 November 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
842:
492:and is often used as a synonym of the former.
1024:
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869:
998:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).
836:
708:Miller, Terry E.; Shahriari, Andrew (2015).
310:. Particularly, it is considered one of the
61:, is largely responsible for such worldwide
997:
815:
335:In the late 1950s, popular artists such as
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954:. MĂĽnster, Germany: Waxmann. p. 235.
924:GuĂa universal del rock: de 1990 hasta hoy
920:
593:
53:, as well as its interchangeable use with
993:
991:
1054:. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 548.
978:La rumba criolla en el folclor fresnense
947:
870:MartĂnez, Silvia; Fouce, HĂ©ctor (2013).
795:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 86.
594:Drake-Boyt, Elizabeth (2011). "Rhumba".
1068:
1048:Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2004).
974:
876:. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 45.
873:Made in Spain: Studies in Popular Music
627:. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 12.
1087:
1041:
988:
906:Delgado, Lola; Lozano, Daniel (2004).
646:
644:
394:and Afro-Cuban music was developed in
822:. Lanham, MD: Lexington. p. 36.
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537:
51:etymological origin of the term rumba
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244:In the 1970s, with the emergence of
174:. This music was mostly inspired by
37:may refer to a variety of unrelated
16:Several music styles of Cuban origin
1076:"Soukous dance king rules Kinshasa"
896:MartĂnez & Fouce (2013). p. 21.
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641:
328:is mostly restricted), such as the
151:
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370:and rock elements, as recorded by
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1051:African Folklore: An Encyclopedia
819:Salsa and Its Transnational Moves
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252:) became prevalent alongside the
209:became popular. In this context,
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320:, a fast-paced music style from
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507:AlĂ©n RodrĂguez, Olavo (2010). "
268:bands as seen in TV shows like
843:PĂ©rez Custodio, Diana (2005).
816:Pietrobruno, Sheenagh (2006).
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558:
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1:
975:Miranda, Juan Carlos (1999).
711:World Music: A Global Journey
515:. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
495:
221:, but rarely rumbas. Notable
1025:Storm Roberts, John (1999).
409:
7:
789:Mora, Carl J., ed. (2005).
571:Online Etymology Dictionary
444:of 10" singles released by
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1110:Spanish words and phrases
524:Peñalosa, David (2011).
26:Not to be confused with
678:Hess, Carol A. (2013).
509:A History of the Congas
528:. Bembe Books. p. 183.
484:(from the French word
326:cantes de ida y vuelta
313:cantes de ida y vuelta
271:Dancing with the Stars
186:and the popularity of
92:world as a fast-paced
21:Rumba (disambiguation)
538:Moore, Robin (1997).
166:In the US, the term "
762:Poey, Delia (2014).
621:Waxer, Lisa (2002).
235:MarĂa Antonieta Pons
57:in settings such as
1105:Dance music genres
1100:Latin music genres
446:His Master's Voice
341:El Rey de la Rumba
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386:In Colombia
353:Gipsy Kings
184:Don AzpiazĂş
116:Cuban rumba
67:Cuban music
47:Cuban rumba
1089:Categories
496:References
176:son cubano
142:batá-rumba
410:In Africa
262:pop music
250:guaguancĂł
219:canciones
138:guaguancĂł
33:The term
438:Kinshasa
396:Colombia
318:guaracha
308:flamenco
278:In Spain
225:include
223:rumberas
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126:Matanzas
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567:"rumba"
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470:OK Jazz
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380:Melendi
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28:Roomba
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982:(PDF)
337:Peret
303:palos
258:salsa
246:salsa
182:" by
130:yambĂş
79:salsa
71:mambo
35:rumba
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