24:
168:
2184:
78:), given out at midday. Senior ratings (petty officers and above) received their rum neat, whilst for junior ratings it was diluted with two parts of water to make three-eighths of an imperial pint (213 ml) of grog. Rum, due to its highly flammable nature, was stored in large barrels in a special rum store in the bowels of the ship. The rum ration was served from one particular barrel, known as the "Rum Tub".
110:
132:. When beer was not available, as it would often spoil easily, it could be substituted by a pint of wine or half a pint of spirits depending on what was locally available. In 1655, the difficulty in storing the large quantities of liquid required led to beer's complete replacement with spirits, with the political influence of the West Indian planters giving rum preference over
201:
as sailors were unhappy about the loss of the rum ration. There were reports that the day involved sailors throwing tots into the sea and the staging of a mock funeral in a training camp. In place of the rum ration, sailors were allowed to buy three one-half imperial pint (280 ml) cans of beer a
85:) or "T" (for Temperance). Sailors who opted to be "T" were given threepence (3d) a day instead of the rum ration, although most preferred the rum. Sailors under 20 were not permitted a rum ration, and were marked on the ship's books as "UA" (Under Age).
151:
cloak). The ration was split into two servings, one between 10 am and noon and the other between 4 and 6 pm. In 1795 Navy regulations required adding small quantities of lemon or lime juice to the ration, to prevent
100:
Tot glasses were kept separate from any other glasses. They were washed on the outside, but never inside, in the belief that residue of past tots would stick to the side of the glass and make the tot even stronger.
88:
The time when the rum ration was distributed was called "Up
Spirits", which was between 11 am and 12 noon. A common cry from the sailors was "Stand fast the Holy Ghost". This was in response to the
189:
abolished the rum ration as he felt it could have led to sailors failing a breathalyser test and being less capable to manage complex machinery. This decision to end the rum ration was made after the
331:"The Royal Yacht Britannia After the Senior Rates messes' neat rum had been issued, the appropriate amount of water was added to the rum tub to produce the grog for the junior rating messes"
719:
745:
1595:
210:
and is still used to recognise good service. Rum rations are also given on special occasions: in recent years, examples included the 100th anniversary of the
2223:
193:
had taken opinions from several ranks of the Navy. Ratings were instead allowed to purchase beer, and the amount allowed was determined, according to the MP
848:
1519:
1524:
929:
330:
603:
1906:
1468:
767:
661:
143:
The practice of compulsorily diluting rum in the proportion of half a pint to one quart of water (1:4) was first introduced in 1740 by
Admiral
810:
723:
2109:
1679:
1661:
1011:
197:, by the amount of space available for stowing the extra beer in ships. The last rum ration was on 31 July 1970 and became known as
1052:
93:"Up Spirits". Each mess had a "Rum Bosun" who would collect the rum in a metal container called a "fanny" from the Supply rating (
1649:
1168:
164:. Rations were cut in half in 1823 and again in half, to the traditional amount, one-eighth of an imperial pint (71ml), in 1850.
1531:
421:
1632:
128:
was originally beer with a daily ration of one gallon (i.e. eight pints). This official allowance continued until after the
1145:
140:" its strength by checking that gunpowder doused with rum would still burn (thus verifying that rum was at least 57% ABV).
237:
never issued the rum ration, their sailors were entitled to the rum ration when they were on Royal Navy ships until 1921.
1866:
1791:
1764:
1590:
1202:
864:
509:
454:
365:
2228:
2149:
2129:
1889:
1572:
70:
The rum ration, or "tot", from 1866 to 1970 consisted of one-eighth of an imperial pint (71 ml) of rum at 95.5
1583:
1379:
803:
182:
1759:
1239:
1192:
206:", awarding sailors an extra tot of rum for good service, remained as a command which could only be given by the
406:
2208:
1404:
1222:
1026:
703:
550:
207:
190:
924:
81:
Not all sailors necessarily drew their rum: each had the option to be marked in the ship's books as "G" (for
1845:
1812:
1600:
1074:
1016:
934:
919:
909:
334:
2187:
1539:
853:
796:
2055:
2018:
1796:
1047:
939:
136:
and other spirits. The half-pint of spirits was originally issued neat; it is said that sailors would "
62:
after concerns that the intake of strong alcohol would lead to unsteady hands when working machinery.
2218:
1954:
1620:
1509:
1062:
971:
914:
2083:
635:
1485:
308:
2134:
1939:
1876:
1774:
1749:
1021:
1707:
1654:
1610:
1495:
1463:
1254:
1227:
384:
245:
161:
1896:
276:
34:
measures out tots of rum for the ship's company, in preparation for the Royal Navy tradition "
1500:
1084:
1079:
983:
945:
838:
484:
Publications of the Navy
Records Society Vol. 138: Shipboard Life and Organisation, 1731–1815
234:
202:
day and improved recreational facilities. While the rum ration was abolished, the order to "
2060:
2047:
1991:
1806:
1424:
1217:
1136:
1069:
966:
244:
abolished the rum ration in 1972, and the last navy to issue the rum ration regularly, the
203:
157:
35:
1769:
8:
2139:
2013:
1754:
1739:
1689:
1394:
1384:
1163:
1093:
881:
241:
211:
23:
1971:
1914:
1830:
1729:
1722:
1684:
1644:
1450:
1351:
1266:
1244:
1098:
1057:
819:
515:
223:
172:
125:
2001:
1871:
1734:
1712:
1615:
1490:
1434:
1212:
1151:
1141:
1113:
1089:
699:
556:
546:
519:
505:
460:
450:
361:
230:
until 1842, when it was reduced to one gill (120 ml). It was abolished in 1862.
227:
186:
1984:
1934:
1578:
1514:
1480:
1473:
1356:
1323:
1313:
574:
500:
495:
487:
94:
2154:
1835:
1820:
1801:
1306:
1301:
1175:
631:
129:
90:
2169:
1979:
1959:
1921:
1786:
1207:
1197:
1187:
995:
961:
827:
28:
446:
Feeding Nelson's navy : the true story of food at sea in the
Georgian era
2213:
2202:
2144:
2025:
1929:
1825:
1414:
1346:
1296:
1291:
1276:
1271:
1249:
1158:
1125:
990:
859:
560:
479:
464:
198:
144:
137:
71:
59:
491:
2104:
2094:
1884:
1180:
2035:
2030:
1901:
1781:
1671:
1564:
1336:
1281:
886:
114:
97:) responsible for measuring out the right number of tots for each mess.
167:
2164:
1996:
1944:
1744:
1717:
1627:
1389:
1318:
901:
891:
480:"Regulations and Instructions Relating to His Majesty's Service at Sea"
194:
185:
in 1850 and again in 1881 however nothing came of it. In 1970, Admiral
55:
2099:
2006:
1840:
1639:
1605:
1458:
1429:
1399:
1331:
1286:
1259:
1107:
1042:
876:
871:
788:
540:
444:
214:
in 2010 and after the Queen's
Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012.
1699:
1363:
257:
18:
Daily amount of rum given to Royal Navy sailors; abolished in 1970
1861:
1419:
978:
666:
608:
575:""Limeys" – The Story Behind the Slang Term Given to the British"
148:
590:
And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten
Cocktails
156:. The rum itself was often procured from distillers in Jamaica,
109:
153:
133:
2159:
2067:
1232:
696:
Rum: A Social and
Sociable History of the Real Spirit of 1776
82:
226:, the daily ration was one-half US pint (240 ml) of
75:
51:
1596:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
542:
The wooden world : an anatomy of the
Georgian navy
181:
The abolition of the rum ration had been discussed in
849:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
1520:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
422:"Ceremony to mark ending of rum tot at HMS Victory"
1525:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
930:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
636:"Obituary: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Hill-Norton"
2200:
768:"Frigate guests get shot at sailors' rum ritual"
722:. This is Somerset. 29 June 2012. Archived from
1907:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
248:, abolished the practice on 28 February 1990.
804:
720:"Sailors splice the mainbrace to toast Queen"
2224:1970 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1469:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
147:(known as Old Grog, because of his habitual
630:
309:"What did they do with the drunken sailor?"
2110:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
1680:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
811:
797:
1012:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
689:
687:
685:
499:
442:
693:
604:"Navy (Sobriety) – Resolution (Hansard)"
379:
377:
355:
166:
108:
22:
1650:Legal drinking age in the United States
748:. United States Naval Historical Center
662:"Rum Ration (Hansard, 19 January 1970)"
2201:
818:
682:
538:
477:
113:Measuring out the tot (diorama aboard
1633:List of dry communities by U.S. state
792:
419:
374:
333:. Scottish City Guide. Archived from
306:
302:
300:
298:
1146:List of methanol poisoning incidents
124:Prior to 1655, a sailor's ration of
1867:Alcohol consumption recommendations
1792:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
13:
1591:Alcohol packaging warning messages
1203:Alcohol use among college students
865:Drunk driving in the United States
587:
478:Lavery, Brian, ed. (23 May 2019),
295:
217:
14:
2240:
2150:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2130:Index of alcohol-related articles
1573:Administrative License Suspension
385:"Last days of the drunken sailor"
2183:
2182:
1584:Alcoholic beverage control state
1380:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
1193:Alcohol in association football
760:
738:
712:
667:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
654:
624:
609:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
596:
581:
567:
532:
407:"Nautical Heritage: Up Spirits"
1405:List of deaths through alcohol
1223:Epidemiology of binge drinking
1027:Subjective response to alcohol
471:
436:
413:
399:
387:. Caribbean Beat. 31 July 2010
349:
323:
269:
191:Secretary of State for Defence
1:
1890:Sweat alcohol content monitor
925:Alcoholism in rural Australia
698:. Nation Books. p. 243.
277:"Navy Rum Strength isn't 57%"
263:
1813:Adult Children of Alcoholics
1601:Drunk driving law by country
1017:Long-term effects of alcohol
935:Disease theory of alcoholism
920:Alcoholism in family systems
910:Alcohol and Native Americans
486:, Routledge, pp. 9–44,
443:Macdonald, Janet W. (2014).
65:
7:
1540:International whisk(e)y day
854:Driving under the influence
420:Peake, Rob (29 July 2010).
360:. AuthorHouse. p. 72.
307:Colls, Tom (30 July 2010).
251:
10:
2245:
2056:Christian views on alcohol
1662:List of alcohol laws of US
940:High-functioning alcoholic
356:Gibowicz, Charles (2007).
104:
2178:
2122:
2076:
2046:
1970:
1955:Alcoholic spirits measure
1940:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
1854:
1698:
1670:
1621:Ignition interlock device
1563:
1554:
1510:Drunken monkey hypothesis
1443:
1372:
1343:Routes of administration
1124:
1035:
1004:
972:Alcohol congener analysis
954:
915:Alcoholism in adolescence
900:
837:
826:
539:Rodger, N. A. M. (1986).
2229:Alcohol and the military
50:) was a daily amount of
2135:Alcohol and spaceflight
1877:Alcohol server training
1750:Managed alcohol program
1328:Binge drinking devices
1022:Pharmacology of ethanol
501:2027/mdp.39015024493135
492:10.4324/9780429437373-2
1740:Alcohol rehabilitation
1708:Alcohol detoxification
1611:Field sobriety testing
1496:Health effects of wine
1464:International Beer Day
1228:Holiday heart syndrome
772:The New Zealand Herald
694:Williams, Ian (2006).
246:Royal New Zealand Navy
178:
162:British Virgin Islands
121:
39:
2209:Royal Navy traditions
1992:Disulfiram-like drugs
1532:Ritual use of alcohol
1501:Wine and food pairing
1486:Apéritif and digestif
1137:Adulterated moonshine
984:Blood alcohol content
946:Seeing pink elephants
746:"Alcohol in the Navy"
358:Mess Night Traditions
235:Royal Australian Navy
170:
158:Trinidad & Tobago
112:
26:
2061:Alcohol in the Bible
2048:Religion and alcohol
2014:General anaesthetics
1807:Alcoholics Anonymous
1765:List of mixed drinks
1218:Alcohol intoxication
1133:Adulterated alcohol
409:. 20 September 2010.
204:splice the mainbrace
54:given to sailors on
36:Splice the Mainbrace
2140:Gateway drug effect
1926:Low-alcohol drinks
1755:Non-alcoholic drink
1690:Temperance movement
1672:Alcohol prohibition
1395:Gilbert Paul Jordan
1385:Dionysian Mysteries
1169:on college campuses
1164:Alcohol advertising
882:Public intoxication
449:. Frontline Books.
337:on 16 November 2012
242:Royal Canadian Navy
212:Royal Canadian Navy
1972:Addiction medicine
1915:Get Your Sexy Back
1855:Alcohol limitation
1831:Sober living house
1797:Twelve-step groups
1730:Brief intervention
1723:Open-container law
1685:Neo-prohibitionism
1645:Legal drinking age
1451:Alcoholic beverage
1352:Alcohol inhalation
1267:Drinking in public
1245:Blackout Wednesday
1103:Beverage-specific
820:Alcohol and health
424:. Yachting Monthly
224:United States Navy
179:
126:alcoholic beverage
122:
40:
27:A sailor on board
2196:
2195:
2118:
2117:
2068:Islam and alcohol
2002:Calcium carbimide
1872:Alcohol education
1760:List of cocktails
1735:Designated driver
1713:Alcohol-free zone
1616:Hip flask defence
1550:
1549:
1491:Hangover remedies
1435:Whiskey Rebellion
1425:Six o'clock swill
1213:Austrian syndrome
1152:Surrogate alcohol
1142:Denatured alcohol
1114:Red wine headache
774:. 26 January 2000
670:. 19 January 1970
592:. pp. 57–58.
577:. 24 August 2018.
228:distilled spirits
187:Peter Hill-Norton
60:abolished in 1970
46:(also called the
2236:
2219:Drinking culture
2186:
2185:
1985:Chlordiazepoxide
1935:Low-alcohol beer
1579:Alcohol monopoly
1561:
1560:
1481:Drinking culture
1474:Women in brewing
1357:Vodka eyeballing
1324:Passive drinking
835:
834:
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
784:
783:
781:
779:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
716:
710:
709:
691:
680:
679:
677:
675:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
632:van der Vat, Dan
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
612:. 13 August 1881
600:
594:
593:
585:
579:
578:
571:
565:
564:
536:
530:
529:
528:
526:
503:
475:
469:
468:
440:
434:
433:
431:
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417:
411:
410:
403:
397:
396:
394:
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381:
372:
371:
353:
347:
346:
344:
342:
327:
321:
320:
318:
316:
304:
293:
292:
290:
288:
283:. 17 August 2021
273:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2174:
2155:Self-medication
2114:
2072:
2042:
1980:Benzodiazepines
1966:
1850:
1836:Sobering center
1821:Sober companion
1802:Al-Anon/Alateen
1694:
1666:
1556:
1546:
1439:
1368:
1308:In vino veritas
1302:Hair of the dog
1120:
1036:Adverse effects
1031:
1000:
950:
896:
840:
839:Alcohol-related
830:
822:
817:
787:
777:
775:
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
718:
717:
713:
706:
692:
683:
673:
671:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
634:(20 May 2004).
629:
625:
615:
613:
602:
601:
597:
588:Curtis, Wayne.
586:
582:
573:
572:
568:
553:
537:
533:
524:
522:
512:
476:
472:
457:
441:
437:
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368:
354:
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329:
328:
324:
314:
312:
305:
296:
286:
284:
275:
274:
270:
266:
254:
220:
218:In other navies
171:The rum tub of
130:Napoleonic Wars
107:
68:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2194:
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2191:
2190:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2170:French paradox
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2026:Sulfonic acids
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:Standard drink
1957:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1922:Liquor license
1919:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1869:
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1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1787:Temperance bar
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
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1720:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
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1608:
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1558:
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1542:
1534:
1529:
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1527:
1517:
1512:
1507:
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1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1478:
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1471:
1466:
1461:
1453:
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1445:
1441:
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1427:
1422:
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1407:
1402:
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1304:
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1262:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1208:Binge drinking
1205:
1200:
1198:Alcohol powder
1195:
1190:
1188:Alcohol myopia
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1130:
1128:
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1119:
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1116:
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1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
996:Wine chemistry
993:
988:
987:
986:
976:
975:
974:
964:
962:Beer chemistry
958:
956:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
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868:
867:
857:
851:
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843:
832:
824:
823:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
786:
785:
759:
737:
711:
704:
681:
653:
623:
595:
580:
566:
551:
531:
511:978-0429437373
510:
470:
456:978-1473835160
455:
435:
412:
398:
373:
367:978-1425984489
366:
348:
322:
294:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
253:
250:
219:
216:
106:
103:
67:
64:
58:ships. It was
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2145:Mood disorder
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2019:Nitrous oxide
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1930:Fermented tea
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1826:Sober curious
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1515:Ladies' night
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1415:Rum Rebellion
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1348:
1347:Alcohol enema
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1300:
1298:
1297:Flaming drink
1295:
1293:
1292:Dutch courage
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Drunk walking
1275:
1273:
1272:Drunk dialing
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:Drinking game
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1199:
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1159:Alcohol abuse
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1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:Social issues
1123:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
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1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:breast cancer
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
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1046:
1044:
1041:
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1038:
1034:
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1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
991:Fusel alcohol
989:
985:
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977:
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968:
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899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
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866:
863:
862:
861:
860:Drunk driving
858:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
844:
842:
836:
833:
829:
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821:
814:
809:
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795:
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769:
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747:
741:
726:on 5 May 2013
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336:
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326:
310:
303:
301:
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282:
281:Cocktail Wonk
278:
272:
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259:
256:
255:
249:
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231:
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199:Black Tot Day
196:
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177:
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159:
155:
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146:
145:Edward Vernon
141:
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53:
49:
45:
37:
33:
32:
25:
21:
16:
2105:Gin Act 1751
2095:Bratt System
2088:
2084:
1951:Measurement
1885:Breathalyzer
1655:Shoulder tap
1409:
1307:
1181:Beer goggles
776:. Retrieved
771:
762:
752:20 September
750:. Retrieved
740:
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
714:
695:
672:. Retrieved
665:
656:
644:. Retrieved
640:The Guardian
639:
626:
614:. Retrieved
607:
598:
589:
583:
569:
541:
534:
523:, retrieved
483:
473:
445:
438:
426:. Retrieved
415:
401:
389:. Retrieved
357:
351:
339:. Retrieved
335:the original
325:
313:. Retrieved
285:. Retrieved
280:
271:
239:
232:
221:
180:
174:
142:
123:
116:
99:
91:bosun's call
87:
80:
69:
47:
43:
41:
30:
20:
15:
2085:Beer Street
2036:Homotaurine
2031:Acamprosate
1902:Dry January
1881:Monitoring
1782:Teetotalism
1775:Malt drinks
1565:Alcohol law
1337:Yard of ale
1282:Drunkorexia
1094:intolerance
887:Rum-running
545:. Collins.
525:24 November
2203:Categories
2165:Town drunk
1997:Disulfiram
1945:Small beer
1911:Campaigns
1745:Drunk tank
1718:Dry campus
1628:Dry county
1410:Rum ration
1390:Dipsomania
1319:Pantsdrunk
1112:Red wine:
902:Alcoholism
892:Wine fraud
705:1560258918
552:0002165481
311:. BBC News
287:15 January
264:References
233:While the
195:David Owen
183:Parliament
95:Jack Dusty
56:Royal Navy
44:rum ration
2100:Dry state
2007:Cyanamide
1841:Sobrietol
1640:Last call
1606:DWI court
1459:Beer mile
1430:Speakeasy
1400:Gin Craze
1332:Beer bong
1287:Dry drunk
1260:Pregaming
1108:Potomania
1090:Tolerance
1080:Pregnancy
955:Chemistry
877:Nip joint
872:Moonshine
561:469658582
520:240903518
465:893910278
173:HMS
115:HMS
66:Tradition
29:HMS
2188:Category
2089:Gin Lane
1846:Quit lit
1770:Spritzer
1700:Sobriety
1555:Alcohol
1536:Whiskey
1364:Sconcing
1314:Nightcap
1240:Blackout
1070:Cortisol
967:Congener
642:. London
258:Beer day
252:See also
175:Cavalier
160:and the
2123:Related
2077:History
1862:0-0-1-3
1557:control
1444:General
1420:Shebeen
1373:History
1043:Anxiety
1005:Effects
979:Ethanol
828:Alcohol
222:In the
208:Monarch
149:grogram
117:Belfast
105:History
74:(54.6%
1897:FRAMES
1106:Beer:
1099:Weight
1075:Memory
1058:Cancer
841:crimes
778:3 July
730:3 July
702:
674:4 July
646:3 July
616:4 July
559:
549:
518:
508:
463:
453:
428:3 July
391:6 July
364:
341:3 July
315:3 July
154:scurvy
134:arrack
2160:Spins
1815:(ACA)
1809:(AA):
1575:(ALS)
1455:Beer
1233:Zapoy
1085:Sleep
1053:Brain
1048:Aging
942:(HFA)
856:(DUI)
516:S2CID
138:prove
72:proof
2214:Rums
2087:and
1255:list
780:2012
754:2018
732:2012
700:ISBN
676:2012
648:2012
618:2012
557:OCLC
547:ISBN
527:2021
506:ISBN
461:OCLC
451:ISBN
430:2012
393:2012
362:ISBN
343:2012
317:2012
289:2024
240:The
83:Grog
42:The
31:York
1176:Sex
831:use
496:hdl
488:doi
76:ABV
52:rum
48:tot
2205::
770:.
684:^
664:.
638:.
606:.
555:.
514:,
504:,
494:,
482:,
459:.
376:^
297:^
279:.
1148:)
1144:(
1092:/
812:e
805:t
798:v
782:.
756:.
734:.
708:.
678:.
650:.
620:.
563:.
498::
490::
467:.
432:.
395:.
370:.
345:.
319:.
291:.
120:)
38:"
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