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hookers in rugby union tend to be among the physically strongest and heaviest players with high levels of scrummaging and mauling skills, but traditionally with limited speed and ball-handling skills. In rugby league, props are physically big, straight running forwards whose job it is to set the platform and get the go forward while still possessing agility and good ball handling skills. Locks in union tend to be very tall and high jumpers, as this helps at line-outs; while as this is not a necessity for league; the two second rowers and the loose forward / lock are mobile with speed across the park who can off-load on attack and contain and enforce on defence. They are similar to the loose forward trio of flankers and number eight in rugby union. Depending on their speed and ball playing skills, lock forwards in rugby league can generally play as both a forward and as an extra five-eight.
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423:
of the time. League does not have a lineout, but does utilise a scrum to restart play. It is uncommon for modern rugby league scrums to be contested, with the side awarded the scrum almost always gaining possession. Possession can also be contested following kicks to restart play from the halfway, 22 metre in both games (and from the goal line in league). Generally league restarts are likely to go for distance unless possession is needed quickly (usually if a team is behind with very little time left to play). Union restarts are more likely to be short to allow players to contest possession in the air.
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604:
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33:
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958:
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1402:, the men’s version, starting in 1883 with games played between England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland. France joined in 1910 and Italy in 2000. The women’s version of the Six Nations Championship was inaugurated, 2 years after the men’s version. In 1996 the Southern Hemisphere teams of South Africa, Australia and New Zealand started their own annual international competition known as the Tri Nations; it adopted its current name of
406:, while in rugby league a scrum restarts play. The lesser focus on contesting possession means there are fewer stoppages of play in rugby league, with the ball typically in play for 50 out of the 80 minutes compared to around 35 for professional rugby union. As the ball is in play more and there are fewer players (13 compared to 15) to cover the field it has been implied that rugby league is the more physically demanding sport.
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Unlike Bath, who were to all intents and purposes still the amateur side they had been, Sale had the benefit of almost a decade of professionalism to improve both strength and fitness that was necessary for them to adapt to the constant tackling required in rugby league. Sale prevailed against St Helens in front of a fierce St Helens home crowd at
Knowsley Road, winning the match 41–39.
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ball and protecting it was practised, but in the modern game deliberately falling on the ground to gain an advantage is outlawed by Law 14: "The game is to be played by players who are on their feet. A player must not make the ball unplayable by falling down." A player who falls to ground with the ball or on it must immediately release or pass the ball, or get up with it.
1384:
Rugby union generally has a broader reach around the world, largely due to the unrestricted spread of the game across commonwealth countries, promulgated by
British armed forces, during a time when the armed forces banned rugby league in the early 20th century. For example, it is a popular sport in a
877:
reverted to rugby union during World War I to play a one-off challenge game against the Royal Navy Depot from
Plymouth in 1917. This was precursor to the following Christmas when two Challenge games were organised between the two sides but this time with one of each code. The Navy won the union game,
504:
In rugby league, a tackle is deemed to be complete when the elbow of the arm holding the ball touches the ground, or the player is held in an upright tackle. The ball cannot be further advanced and a play-the-ball or handover must take place. In rugby union, a tackle is deemed to be complete when the
1463:
for men was held in 1987 and both are contested every four years, New
Zealand won the inaugural men’s version of the Rugby Union World Cup. The women’s version of the Rugby Union World Cup was first played in 1991, which are held every four years alternating with the men’s version, to avoid clashing
1377:
185,668,873 and a gross profit of $ 14,675,845 in the 2022 financial year. Rugby Union in 2012 had 323,115 participants, including 50,000 registered juniors. The ARU in 2012 had gross revenues of $ 96.6m, but had a net deficit of $ 8.3m. A significant portion of Rugby Union's revenue is derived from
578:
When taking free or penalty kicks with a "tap and go" option, rugby league permits a stylised kick with the ball being tapped against the foot or lower leg while union requires the ball to leave the hands of the kicker. This difference in emphasis on a relatively trivial phase of play can be seen as
401:
A big difference in gameplay between the two games is that rugby league has shed from its laws several opportunities for possession to be contested that rugby union has retained: contesting the ball after the tackle, on the ground in rucks and through mauls. When the ball goes into touch, possession
380:
The ball can be taken forward in three ways—by kicking, by a player running with it, or as the result of a set-piece. The ball can be passed from hand to hand between teammates in a backward or sideways direction; it may not be passed forwards although it can be kicked forwards. Dropping the ball in
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for men in 1954 and it has been held intermittently since, in various formats, Great
Britain won the inaugural men’s version of the Rugby League World Cup, while the women’s version of the Rugby League World Cup was first played in 2000 and New Zealand won the inaugural women’s version of the Rugby
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The balls for rugby are very similar, both a prolate spheroid shaped ball. Rugby league balls are similar in size to Rugby union balls, but are more pointed at the edges. Rugby balls are noticeably larger than a
Canadian / American football, and do not have ties for grabbing. Rather than being made
1284:
Traditionally, the two rugbys have been seen as divided along class lines, with union associated more with the middle class, and league with the working class. One of the main reasons for the split was union's enforcement of the amateur principle, meaning that working class players could not afford
517:
The laws of rugby league specifically outlaw the so-called "voluntary tackle": players are not allowed to go to ground unless they are effectively tackled by an opponent, though in practice this rule is rarely applied. There was no equivalent law in rugby union, in the past going to ground with the
422:
In union possession can also be contested at line-outs (played after the ball has gone into touch) and scrums. In the same study it was found that the team with the ball at a scrum regained possession 90 per cent of the time, while the team with the ball at a lineout regained possession 80 per cent
920:
Since the two match series in 1996, there has only been one similar endeavour to bring together union and league. In
January 2003, St Helens rugby league took on Sale rugby union in a single game played at Knowsley Road, intended to have one half under league rules and the other under union rules.
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A rugby union pitch is between 106 and 144 metres long by 68 to 70 metres wide. The length from try line to try line varies between 94 and 100 metres, with a distance of 6 to 22 metres between the goal and dead-ball lines. Lines are painted at the dead-ball line, goal line, 22-metre line, 10-metre
541:
following a try is worth 2 points. A player tackled just short of the try-line in rugby union can legitimately reach across it and place the ball down for a try. This is not allowed in rugby league unless the momentum of the player continues to take him over the line in one continuous movement. If
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Scrum-half is a specialized position in rugby union and similar to the hooker in league: the number 9 initiates most moves by his or her team and must be an excellent passer of the ball in rugby union as with league. In rugby league any player can act from dummy half, however, in the professional
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The reduction in the importance of the scrum and the removal of the line-out from rugby league, has meant it is a faster free flowing game. Very different skill sets and body types needed for the different positions has become more obvious as union players specialise more. For instance, props and
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Many of the positions have similar names but in practice are very different. The position known as 'flanker' is not in rugby league; however the second row in rugby league are loose like the flankers in rugby union while the lock / loose forward in rugby league is similar to the number 8 in rugby
619:
A rugby league pitch is between 112 and 122 metres long by 68 metres wide. The distance between try-lines is always 100 metres. There are lines going across the field which mark every ten metres. An in-goal area extends six to eleven metres beyond each goal line. At the goal line is a set of goal
376:
Goals are scored when the ball is kicked between the two posts and over the cross-bar, either during open play or as the result of a penalty. A try is scored when the ball is touched down on or beyond the defending team's goal-line. The try-scoring side is given the chance to score two additional
252:
depending on the country (or indeed region of the country). In much of the rugby union-playing world, the sport of rugby league is infrequently played and rugby union is commonly known simply as "rugby"; in countries where both codes are played, there is a need to distinguish between the codes of
886:
footballers playing rugby union. In 1943, a
Northern Command army rugby league side defeated a Northern Command union side, 18–11, at Headingley under rugby union laws. The following year a Combined Services rugby league side beat a Combined Services union side, 15–10, at Bradford again at rugby
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is worth 3 points in union and 2 points in league. Due to the increased prevalence of infringements during contesting of the ball, penalties are a much more common occurrence in union than in league. This, combined with the higher number of points with a successful penalty conversion, results in
500:
In both games tackling is permitted to either bring down the player in possession of the ball or prevent him from making forward progress. Tackling or interfering with a player who is not in possession of the ball is not permitted. Tripping with the leg is not allowed in either code. However, in
418:
in league there is less scope for a turnover to occur than in rugby union. A study commissioned by the IRB found that between the years 2002 and 2004 possession was retained by the attacking team in 13 out of 14 tackles in rugby union. Collins has argued that the six tackle rule in rugby league
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before handing over possession; moreover, the action stops after each successful tackle (i.e., the ball is not contested after a tackle). After being tackled five times, the attacking team will usually kick the ball either in an attacking kick or for territory. As the ball can only be contested
217:
Thirteen-man rugby league has shown itself to be a faster, more open game of better athletes than the other code. Rugby union is trying to negotiate its own escape from amateurism, with some officials admitting that the game is too slow, the laws too convoluted to attract a larger TV following.
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In the UK, the "two codes" of rugby are very different in scale and turnover. The turnover of the RFL was reported as ÂŁ19m in 2014. For comparison, the turnover of the Rugby
Football Union in 2014 was ÂŁ150m. The number of rugby union players in England is 1.99 million (predominantly school and
187:
Rugby
Football Board (IRFB) had formed prior to the schism in 1886 and remained the international governing body for rugby union, although it originally only consisted of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland. Australia, New Zealand and South Africa joined the IRFB in 1948, France in 1978 and
143:
to form a team of professional rugby players. George Smith cabled a friend in Sydney and three professional matches were arranged between a New South Wales rugby team before continuing onto the UK. This game was played under the rugby union laws and it was not until the team, nicknamed the
823:, occurred during the late 1980s and into the 1990s. When rugby union became professional league players were allowed to play for rugby union teams, leading to a reversal in cross-code switching. Gallagher, Botica and Tuigamala returned to union, while leading league players such as
917:. Wigan won, 82–6, in the first match, played under league rules, and lost the second, 44–19, under union rules. Since then other games have been played between union and league teams using the laws of one of the codes, or in some cases using a different set of laws for each half.
1472:
There is a newer version of the Rugby League tournament, which is known as the Rugby League Nines. The inaugural Rugby League Nines World Cup was launched in 2019. Australia won the men’s version of the Rugby League Nines World Cup while New Zealand won the women’s version.
128:
who played with or against Northern Union sides. The RFU also banned any player that played rugby league from playing rugby union that lasted until 1995. After the schism the separate codes were named "rugby union" for the RFU code and "rugby league" for the NU code.
632:
line (broken line) and halfway. Lines are also located 5 metres away from the goal line and touchline and 15 metres away from the touchline. At the goal line is a set of goal posts in the shape of the letter 'H', used for other forms of point scoring:
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phase of play has some element of competition, the trivial need to release the ball at any kick can result in a fumble that may give the opposition a chance to either contest possession or, if "knocked-on", will cause them to be awarded a scrum.
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children's teams following a RFU drive to increase participation) but which includes 131,000 senior male players. The number of players participating in any capacity in Rugby League in England (including wheelchair users) is about 100,000.
419:
offers a more even distribution of possession despite fewer opportunities to contest it. In both games the attacking team loses possession if they drop or pass the ball forward, which results in a scrum being awarded to the defending team.
800:
modern game it is a specialised job for the hooker to instigate and direct the forward platform. He must also be able to probe with a running and varied kicking game from dummy half while still possessing strong and effective tackling.
392:
The playing positions are divided into "backs"—generally faster and more mobile who score most of the points, and the larger, stronger "forwards" who are involved in the more physical aspects of rugby and generally do more tackling.
643:
The dimensions of a rugby league pitch fit within the parameters of a rugby union pitch. Since World Rugby allowed professionalism in 1995, it has been possible for clubs to share facilities, including pitches. One such example was
509:
takes place after each tackle. In rugby union, play does not stop when a player is forced to the ground in a tackle, as the tackled player must immediately play the ball, and the tackler must roll away, which will generally mean a
316:
have been gradually changed with the aim of creating a faster, more spectator-friendly sport. Player numbers were reduced to thirteen a side, creating more space for attacking play, and rucks and mauls were replaced with a
466:
If a one-on-one tackle is attempted, the tackler can legally strip the ball from the attacking player as long as the referee has not called "held" or the attacking player has fallen to the ground to indicate a completed
388:
Only the player holding the ball may be tackled. A rugby tackle is an attempt to bring the ball carrier to the ground or to stop his forward progress. Play restarts with the ball being transferred to another player.
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indicative of the core differences between the games. In league, the kick is stylised as its purpose is to restart the game and to move to the run and tackle main play as quickly as possible. In union, where
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If a player knocks the ball forward or throws a forward pass the other team is awarded a scrum. In some cases, the referee may allow play to continue by the team picking up a dropped ball under the advantage
377:
points by kicking a conversion similar to a penalty goal attempt from a point along a line which is parallel to the sideline at the same distance from the sideline as the place where the try had been scored.
115:
clubs after they compensated players for missing work. A proposal to pay players up to six shillings when they missed work because of match commitments was voted down by the RFU. On 27 August 1895, prominent
100:. During the early development of rugby football different schools used different rules, on many occasions agreeing upon them shortly before commencement of the game. In 1871, English clubs met to form the
148:, arrived in Leeds that they learnt the new Northern Union laws. Meanwhile, in Sydney a meeting was organised to look at forming a professional rugby competition in Australia. The meeting resolved that a "
462:
and the scrum is formed where contact with the ball was made. Otherwise, under recent rule changes, the scrum is formed 20 metres from the point of touch. Penalties and 40/20 kicks are exceptions to this
336:
Rugby union has more laws than rugby league and it has been described as being a more complex game. Rugby league in turn has been described as a simpler game that is easier for spectators to understand.
1373:
In Australia, rugby league had 1,430,367 participants in the sport (including school clinics) and 167,533 registered players in 2021. The Australian Rugby League Commission reported a gross revenue of
1875:
1852:
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has said "Rugby Union is a complex game with certain closed skills like scrummaging and line-out lifting and rugby league requires a higher level of fitness to compete at the highest level".
409:
In union the attacking team can hold onto and use the ball for as long as they are able, while the opposition's aim is to take possession of the ball from them. In league each team can be
505:
player in possession is held on the ground; that player must play the ball (either releasing it, passing it, or if over the try line grounding the ball) immediately. In rugby league a
3572:
195:, declared rugby union an "open" game and thus removed all restrictions on payments or benefits to those connected with the game. This came after rugby league accused rugby union of "
2767:
847:, took up rugby union contracts. Sailor, Rogers, Tuqiri, Paul and Harris subsequently switched back to rugby league. Players who play international rugby in both codes are known as
526:
Union and league have the same ways of scoring, but there are significant differences in the points awarded, and a few minor differences in the laws governing the scoring of tries.
124:, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed. The rugby union authorities issued sanctions against clubs, players and officials involved in the offshoot group, including
2881:
1464:
with other sporting events: Rugby 7s at both the Commonwealth Games and the Summer Olympics. The United States won the inaugural women’s version of the Rugby Union World Cup.
64:, rugby union and rugby league differed in administration only. Soon, however, the rules of rugby league were modified, resulting in two distinctly different forms of rugby.
2315:
680:
A maximum of 15 players can play rugby union at any one time whereas rugby league permits 13 players. In both games, the positions are divided into "backs" and "forwards".
575:
In rugby league the ball may be thrown or knocked out of play deliberately, while in union those are penalty offences. Kicking the ball out of play is legal in both codes.
437:
Following an unsuccessful kick at goal. If the kick at goal misses and goes dead, play is restarted with a drop out (at the 22-metre line in union and 20 metres in league).
145:
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1414:
Rugby union was previously a medal sport at four Olympic games, in Paris (1900 and 1924), London (1908) and Antwerp (1920), and returned to the Olympics in 2016 in the
1860:
932:
1627:
566:") was introduced by rugby league in 1980. Rugby union had been experimenting with the same concept since 1979, although it was not formally sanctioned until 2001.
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in 1907, and the RFU responded by banning any player that played rugby league for life. A push into converting union players to rugby league, such as All Blacks
3528:
2409:
1322:. The same perceived class barrier as exists between the two games in England also occurs in these states, fostered by rugby union's prominence and support at
1329:
In New Zealand, rugby union is played throughout the whole country where as rugby league is still considered to be a lower class game by many, or a game for "
2645:
803:
The similarity between the two games has meant that players can switch between the two codes. League initially recruited big name players from union, like
183:
as the world governing body for rugby league. France, New Zealand, Britain and Australia (who joined a few months later) were the founding countries. The
1560:
2216:
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have been less extreme, although there have been adjustments in scoring as the game became more try-orientated rather than focusing on goals. In 2009,
482:. The opposition are awarded a line out if the team in possession kicks the ball out of play and they have not been awarded a penalty before the kick.
537:
between the two codes, but the most obvious difference is that a try is worth 5 points in rugby union and 4 points in rugby league. In both games, a
458:
In rugby league if the ball goes out of play, the opposition are awarded a scrum. If this is from a kick going into touch on the full this is called
153:
74:
The inherent similarities between rugby union and rugby league have at times led to the possibility of a merger of the two variants and experimental
1644:
1307:
In Wales, rugby union is associated with small village teams which consisted of coal miners and other industrial workers playing on their days off.
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2013:
1438:, first played in 1999. It originally involved Britain, Australia and New Zealand before expanding to include a fourth invited nation in 2009.
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Collins, T. (2005). "Australian Nationalism and Working-Class Britishness: The Case of Rugby League Football." History Compass, Vol. 3, No. 1.
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has written that since turning professional in the mid-1990s, rugby union has increasingly borrowed techniques and tactics from rugby league.
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The two forms of rugby share the same basic rules of the game and use a similar-shaped ovoid ball. The aim is to score more points through
275:
could also be called football. Rugby union is often simply referred to as "rugby" without the ambiguity that this term carries in the UK.
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1822:
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1786:
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256:
In the United Kingdom, rugby union or rugby league fans rarely refer to their sport as "football" as in most cases this would refer to
164:
385:, a set-piece that restarts the game, except on the sixth tackle in league where the game restarts with a handover to the opposition.
1323:
873:
was played before a crowd of around 20,000, with the rugby league side winning, 29–26. With the wartime Emergency League suspended,
267:
In Australia and New Zealand, rugby league is usually known as "league" or "football" with the latter term potentially confusing as
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179:
made it impossible. In France rugby league split from rugby union in the 1930s. In 1948 the French instigated the formation of the
157:
1675:
1333:" referring to lower class western suburbs of Auckland and more recently the poorer southern Auckland where the game is popular.
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the national team touring overseas and visiting tours, while Rugby League's is largely generated by its strong domestic league.
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clubs declared that they would support their Yorkshire colleagues in their proposal to form a professional organization and the
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342:
312:, changes have taken place to the laws of both rugby union and rugby league football so that now they are distinct sports. The
236:
Although both rugby codes are forms of football, in many places, it could cause confusion as "football" is understood to mean
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rugby league, if a tackling player has both hands on the ball carrier, he is allowed to use his legs to bring him to ground.
470:
an automatic handover takes place when the team in possession runs out of tackles, or a knock on happens on the sixth tackle.
149:
133:
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104:(RFU). Rugby football spread to Australia and New Zealand, with games being played in the early-to-mid-nineteenth century.
349:, also a dual international, has said that union has "more of a tactical side, more that can happen in a game". Ireland's
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9–3, on Christmas Eve but proved equally adept at league recording a 24–3 win on 28 December. During World War II, the
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union. In the backs, rugby league centres are split into left and right centre rather than inside and outside centres.
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1990:
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In Australia, the two codes were also strongly divided down class lines. Support for both codes is concentrated in
804:
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136:
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The number of rugby union players in New Zealand is estimated to be 129,000, with 95,721 playing rugby league.
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Sport And Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: The British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences Guide
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signing top union players to professional contracts in secret for a breakaway union competition. According to
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With both sports becoming professional matches between union and league teams have been played. In May 1996,
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player, has said "Rugby is very complicated and rugby league is much more simple in comparison". England's
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the tackle is complete, such a move would constitute a "double movement" and the try would be disallowed.
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17:
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In England, rugby union is widely regarded as an "establishment" sport, played mostly by members of the
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67:
After 100 years, in 1995 rugby union joined rugby league and most other forms of football as an openly
2474:"If you want to control the game, you must control the restart, just ask 'chargedown' Charlie Hodgson"
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If a player commits an illegal play the opposing team is awarded a penalty and will receive the ball.
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Dally Messenger reinstated to NSWRU record books - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
1935:
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In rugby union the attacking team may lose possession in a scrum, line out, maul, ruck or tackle.
176:
91:
2158:
3305:
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2437:"Rugby league greats of different eras say rugby league scrum is a showpiece of the modern gam"
1958:
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When the ball is kicked to the opposing team, this can be done at any time but it is normal to
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87:
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penalties forming a considerably higher percentage of total points in a match of Rugby Union.
511:
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1919:
Régles du Rugby à XIII, codification empruntée au site de la Ligue régionale de Midi-Pyrénées
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303:
260:. Across the United Kingdom, rugby union is usually referred to simply as 'rugby' but in the
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121:
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were implemented with the aim of making union simpler and more open. Rugby league historian
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In 1909, when the new "Northern Union" code was still in its infancy, a match between the
8:
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of coarse leather as in gridiron, rugby balls are made with a smoother synthetic finish.
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When the player in possession drops the ball and it is recovered by an opposition player.
322:
1419:
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1272:
653:
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209:
152:" (NSWRFL) should be formed, to play the Northern Union rules. The first season of the
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have shared origins and thus many similarities. Initially, following the 1895 split in
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areas along the border regions between Spain and France. It rivals the popularity of
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Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence to Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport
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Spiro Zavos (6 September 2009). "Sonny could be something under a canny Kiwi coach".
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Comparison of two of the codes of the team sport rugby: rugby league and rugby union
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1950:
913:, who were then England's top union and league sides respectively, made history by
894:
264:, the word 'rugby' could refer to either sport, but usually means "rugby league".
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International Rugby Board, Dublin, 2007. Online version retrieved 22 October 2007.
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572:
technology was first used for rugby league in 1996 and for rugby union in 2001.
3506:
3457:
3156:
1345:
910:
860:
828:
200:
97:
61:
2345:
Breivik, Simon L.; British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (2007).
1763:
3745:
3541:
3088:
1800:
1337:
1301:
1300:
play rugby union. In contrast, rugby league has traditionally been seen as a
1289:
844:
816:
620:
posts in the shape of the letter 'H', used for other forms of point scoring:
569:
382:
318:
75:
2089:
Rugby's Great Split: Class, Culture and the Origins of Rugby League Football
1876:"St Helens bar has licence suspended after rugby player allegedly assaulted"
1695:
Rugby's great split: class, culture and the origins of rugby league football
478:
In rugby union if the ball goes out of play the opposition may be awarded a
3674:
3366:
3270:
1853:"Tributes to super-fit Glossop rugby ace Alex Kaiser found dead in his van"
1415:
1293:
883:
874:
812:
645:
611:
346:
204:
196:
57:
2808:
Sommerville, D. (1997). The Encyclopedia of Rugby Union. Aurum Press, UK.
2663:
1336:
In France, rugby union is widely played and has a strong tradition in the
3702:
3295:
3285:
3265:
3255:
3164:
3096:
1423:
1276:
637:
625:
603:
538:
534:
530:
362:
192:
53:
37:
1724:
Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain: A social and cultural History
592:"Rugby pitch" and "Rugby field" redirect here. For further details, see
3290:
3275:
3260:
2664:
Irish Rugby : News Archive : Rugby Codes Are Closer Than Ever
2253:
1315:
906:
840:
832:
338:
117:
32:
1352:. Rugby league has historically been played in much the same region.
3280:
3035:"Hansard 27 June 1997: Column 1109. Mr. David Hinchliffe (Wakefield)"
1791:
1341:
887:
union. These were the only league v union matches played until 1996.
546:
459:
350:
112:
1410:
Rugby Union Sevens at the Summer Olympics and the Commonwealth Games
3538:
1645:"100 years of rugby league: From the great divide to the Super era"
282:(rugby with 15) or simply "rugby", whilst rugby league is known as
2940:
1434:
The major annual international competition in rugby league is the
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
454:
Possession may change in rugby league in a number of unique ways:
3310:
3125:
1527:
563:
125:
45:
1823:"Australia Faces England at Wembley: A Final of Rugby Favorites"
474:
Possession may change in rugby union in a number of unique ways
890:
2020:. The Rugby League Oral History Project. 2007. Archived from
1267:
41:
2828:
Rugby's great split: class, culture and the origins of rugby
1240:
Geographic locations of top tier professional rugby league (
2374:"Football Players Are Awfully Tough, but Enough for Rugby?"
1787:"The dramatic days 25 years ago that shaped rugby's future"
1612:
Oxford v Cambridge, The Story of the University Rugby Match
1251:
171:
tried to arrange a match in Paris, but opposition from the
1242:
78:
have been played that use a mix of the two sports' rules.
2006:
1393:
1398:
The oldest international rugby union competition is the
1385:
number of countries such as South Africa and Argentina.
2286:
1676:"Amateur status attacked by MPS | the Independent"
769:
inside centre / 2nd five (12) and outside centre (13)
1418:
form. Rugby union sevens is a core event at both the
356:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
533:
is the main way of scoring in both codes; there are
2044:"Scoring through the ages rugbyfootballhistory.com"
426:Possession may change the same ways in both games:
373:than the opposition within the 80 minutes of play.
160:, and has continued to be played every year since.
3100:
1923:
2931:
2929:
2391:
1948:
915:playing against each other at both codes of rugby
652:, both part of the Leeds Rugby group, who shared
3743:
3536:
2659:
2657:
2307:
2246:
2180:
1614:. London: Clerke & Cockeran. pp. 13–14.
1493:Comparison of Canadian football and rugby league
1483:Comparison of American football and rugby league
2434:
1498:Comparison of Canadian football and rugby union
1488:Comparison of American football and rugby union
732:blindside flanker (6) and openside flanker (7)
2926:
2471:
1609:
598:Laws of rugby union § Field and equipment
549:is worth 3 points in union and 1 in league. A
3522:
3141:
2834:
2654:
2550:
2548:
2455:"Five of the best: grand final controversies"
1873:
1610:Marshall, Howard; Jordon, J.P., eds. (1951).
1503:Comparison of Gaelic football and rugby union
1388:
2882:RFU Turnover of more than 150 Million Pounds
2825:
2768:"Working class formed a league of their own"
2740:"Tackling rugby union's superiority complex"
2237:
2085:
1727:. UK: Taylor & Francis. pp. 70–71.
1692:
1603:
1429:
708:loose head prop (1) and tight head prop (3)
692:Rugby league position names (shirt numbers)
188:Argentina, Canada, Italy and Japan in 1991.
2500:"Ella stars and bears out Big Jack's faith"
2410:"Mythbusters: The 'Contest for Possession'"
2199:
1697:(2nd ed.). Routlage. pp. 87–120.
1262:) clubs in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
695:Rugby union position names (shirt numbers)
48:, playing in the Rugby-7 Tournament in 2013
3529:
3515:
3148:
3134:
2682:. New Zealand. 6 September 1909. p. 4
2545:
2316:"Talking Rugby: No code like the old code"
2092:. UK: Taylor & Francis. pp. xii.
2065:"IRB Guide to Experimental Law Variations"
440:When an opposing player intercepts a pass.
96:Rugby union was originally referred to as
2171:Online version retrieved 22 October 2007.
2119:. UK: Taylor & Francis. p. 154.
1894:"Règles du rugby à XV par francerugby.fr"
1693:Tony Collins (2006). "Schism 1893–1895".
1618:
1441:
1285:to take time off work to play the sport.
191:On 26 August 1995 the IRFB, now known as
1929:
1454:
889:
744:
699:
610:
602:
31:
2404:
2371:
2217:"R League: Sport can flourish in Wales"
2116:A Social History of English Rugby Union
2112:
1982:The best ever Australian Sports Writing
1978:
1820:
1717:
1673:
1581:
1575:
1520:
705:front row forwards / props (8 & 10)
14:
3744:
3060:"Golf & rugby voted into Olympics"
2993:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2737:
2582:
2554:
2313:
2252:
2214:
1584:"Hybrid rugby union-league experiment"
1542:
1394:Six Nations and The Rugby Championship
676:List of dual-code rugby internationals
402:in rugby union is contested through a
165:1921–22 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain
3510:
3129:
2894:"International Rugby Board - ENGLAND"
2351:. Taylor & Francis. p. 257.
2169:The Australian Rugby Football League.
2140:"Laws of the Game: Rugby Union 2007."
1985:. Australia: Black Inc. p. 314.
1642:
1548:
1467:
150:New South Wales Rugby Football League
3491:
2765:
2497:
1784:
1364:
901:playing in a 2015 hybrid rugby match
766:left centre (4) and right centre (3)
2585:"Aussie rebels to follow Euro lead"
2258:"It's Le Crunch for Magners League"
2152:
2133:
1669:
1667:
854:
777:left wing (11) and right wing (14)
434:on the last tackle in rugby league.
24:
3155:
3081:
2738:Bowden, David (4 September 2009).
2287:George Caplan; Mark Adams (2007).
381:a forwards direction results in a
357:Similarities between the two codes
25:
3773:
2774:. Daily Telegraph. Archived from
2435:Christopher Boy (29 March 2011).
2238:Damian Flint (14 November 2011).
1563:from the original on 14 June 2019
278:In France, rugby union is called
3490:
3481:
3480:
2472:Will Greenwood (20 April 2012).
2412:. Rugby Reloaded. Archived from
2372:Thomsen, Ian (10 January 1998).
2181:Peter Fitzsimons (19 May 2007).
1930:Hamilton, Garth (18 June 2007).
1821:Thomsen, Ian (28 October 1995).
1664:
1643:Baker, Andrew (20 August 1995).
1551:"It's all a code merger mystery"
1521:Gilbert, Ian (10 October 2003).
1296:. For example, many students at
1266:
1250:
1241:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
938:
931:
774:left wing (5) and right wing (2)
724:locks / second rows (4 & 5)
181:International Rugby League Board
3220:International eligibility rules
3052:
3027:
3001:
2955:
2912:
2886:
2875:
2843:
2819:
2802:
2790:
2759:
2731:
2705:
2694:
2668:
2636:
2625:
2604:
2576:
2557:"World Cup play-offs abandoned"
2519:
2491:
2465:
2447:
2428:
2365:
2338:
2314:Cleary, Mick (5 October 2000).
2280:
2240:"LEAGUE v UNION goes to Court!"
2231:
2208:
2193:
2174:
2159:The ARL Laws of the Game, 2007.
2106:
2079:
2057:
2036:
1972:
1942:
1912:
1886:
1874:Janine Yaqoob (13 April 2012).
1867:
1845:
1814:
1785:Lowe, Alex (22 February 2024).
1778:
1748:
1674:Rentoul, John (17 March 1995).
1549:Jones, Chris (9 October 2000).
1406:when Argentina joined in 2012.
924:
2766:Dale, Amy (24 November 2008).
2713:"Sale spring cross-code shock"
2612:"League V Union goes to court"
1711:
1686:
1636:
1514:
721:2nd row forwards (11 & 12)
13:
1:
2555:Cleary, Mick (4 April 2001).
1582:Growden, Greg (12 May 2011).
1508:
396:
343:dual-code rugby international
314:laws of rugby league football
169:Northern Rugby Football Union
122:Northern Rugby Football Union
3762:Comparison of football codes
2851:"RFL Annual report for 2014"
1859:. 9 May 2012. Archived from
1446:Rugby league introduced its
1320:Australian Capital Territory
1279:who play at the same ground.
882:relaxed its restrictions on
784:
781:
776:
773:
768:
765:
761:five-eighth / fly-half (10)
760:
757:
752:
749:
740:Eighth Man/number-eight (8)
739:
736:
731:
728:
723:
720:
715:
712:
707:
704:
7:
2701:The History Of Rugby League
2498:Gatt, Ray (30 March 1981).
2215:Howell, Andy (7 May 2007).
1476:
758:five-eighth / stand-off (6)
753:half-back / scrum-half (9)
489:
293:
10:
3778:
3107:. Ironbark Press. p.
1932:"Black and White and Grey"
1389:International competitions
858:
750:half-back / scrum-half (7)
684:Overview of rugby players
673:
663:
659:
594:Rugby league playing field
591:
562:Use of a penalty box (or "
521:
493:
297:
226:
85:
81:
3701:
3673:
3660:Australian rules football
3650:
3622:
3606:Australian rules football
3604:
3581:
3548:
3476:
3450:
3420:
3374:
3365:
3345:
3319:
3243:
3172:
3163:
2583:Reuter (8 October 1996).
2505:The Sydney Morning Herald
2459:The Sydney Morning Herald
2293:. Heinemann. p. 99.
2202:The Sydney Morning Herald
2187:The Sydney Morning Herald
1589:The Sydney Morning Herald
1430:Rugby League Four Nations
805:Herbert "Dally" Messenger
737:lock / loose forward (13)
694:
691:
688:
269:Australian rules football
250:Australian rules football
222:
2676:"Kangaroos v. Wallabies"
1400:Six Nations Championship
849:dual-code internationals
587:
321:restart. Changes to the
141:Albert Henry Baskerville
36:Griffins RFC Kotka, the
2937:"NRL Rugby League 2013"
2527:"Scots against sin bin"
1979:Cunneen, Chris (2001).
1949:newzealandnow.govt.nz.
1857:Manchester Evening News
1630:24 October 2009 at the
1556:London Evening Standard
1355:
899:Western Suburbs Magpies
557:
535:some subtle differences
177:French Rugby Federation
92:History of rugby league
3097:Malcolm Norman Meninga
2164:29 August 2007 at the
2113:Collins, Tony (2009).
1959:New Zealand Government
1442:Rugby League World Cup
1404:The Rugby Championship
902:
689:Forwards versus backs
666:Rugby league positions
616:
608:
496:Tackle (football move)
220:
163:During rugby league's
88:History of rugby union
49:
2920:"Code13 Rugby League"
2826:Tony Collins (2006).
2772:Dailytelegraph.com.au
2648:13 April 2013 at the
2086:Tony Collins (2006).
1829:. USA. Archived from
1523:"The bluffer's guide"
1455:Rugby Union World Cup
893:
670:Rugby union positions
664:Further information:
614:
606:
304:Rugby league gameplay
298:Further information:
215:
203:in the UK and due to
86:Further information:
35:
3716:Association football
3583:Association football
2290:BTEC National: Sport
1760:Rugby Football Union
1756:"History of the RFU"
1459:Rugby union's first
1350:association football
1237:class=notpageimage|
607:A rugby league pitch
369:, penalty goals and
300:Rugby union gameplay
273:association football
258:association football
238:association football
173:Rugby Football Union
137:George William Smith
107:In 1892, charges of
102:Rugby Football Union
3468:Oldest competitions
3402:Physical disability
3353:Olympic venues (7s)
3251:American flag rugby
3185:Oldest competitions
2863:on 5 September 2015
2796:Phillips, Buchler.
2562:The Daily Telegraph
2320:The Daily Telegraph
2145:18 May 2011 at the
2024:on 23 February 2012
1955:Life in New Zealand
1833:on 17 November 2011
685:
615:A rugby union pitch
323:laws of rugby union
286:(rugby with 13) or
3103:My game, your game
2975:on 23 October 2013
2531:The Glasgow Herald
2378:The New York Times
1938:on 19 August 2010.
1827:The New York Times
1625:History of the ARU
1468:Rugby League Nines
1451:League World Cup.
1420:Commonwealth Games
1273:Salford Red Devils
903:
875:Leeds Rugby League
683:
654:Headingley Stadium
650:Yorkshire Carnegie
617:
609:
210:The New York Times
154:NSWRFL competition
111:were laid against
69:professional sport
50:
3739:
3738:
3721:Canadian football
3711:American football
3688:Canadian football
3683:American football
3632:American football
3624:Canadian football
3558:Canadian football
3550:American football
3504:
3503:
3446:
3445:
3433:Canadian football
3428:American football
3361:
3360:
3332:Canadian football
3327:American football
3230:Playing countries
3118:978-0-330-35616-9
3091:; Peter Jenkins;
3089:David Ian Campese
2719:. 27 January 2003
2590:New Straits Times
2461:. 1 October 2004.
2358:978-0-415-36141-5
2300:978-0-435-46514-8
2219:. Media Wales Ltd
2126:978-0-415-47660-7
2099:978-0-415-39616-5
1734:978-0-415-39614-1
1365:Finance and scale
1256:Premiership Rugby
821:Va'aiga Tuigamala
789:
788:
416:one on one tackle
411:tackled six times
327:major law changes
242:gridiron football
16:(Redirected from
3769:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3451:Related articles
3372:
3371:
3170:
3169:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3106:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3066:. 9 October 2009
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3011:. Archived from
3005:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2968:. Archived from
2967:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2939:. Archived from
2933:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2896:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2856:. Archived from
2855:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2680:West Coast Times
2672:
2666:
2661:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2402:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2322:. Archived from
2311:
2305:
2304:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2264:. Archived from
2250:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2183:"What they said"
2178:
2172:
2156:
2150:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1934:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1900:on 27 April 2012
1896:. Archived from
1890:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1863:on 7 April 2016.
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1766:on 22 April 2010
1762:. Archived from
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1640:
1634:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1518:
1271:represents both
1270:
1254:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
969:
968:
960:
959:
951:
950:
942:
941:
935:
895:Bronson Harrison
855:Cross-code games
686:
682:
341:, an Australian
290:(game with 13).
262:North of England
52:The team sports
21:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3726:Gaelic football
3697:
3669:
3652:Gaelic football
3646:
3618:
3614:Gaelic football
3600:
3577:
3544:
3535:
3505:
3500:
3472:
3442:
3416:
3357:
3341:
3315:
3239:
3159:
3154:
3119:
3093:Peter Frilingos
3084:
3082:Further reading
3079:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3015:on 8 April 2016
3007:
3006:
3002:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2963:"Archived copy"
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2943:on 4 March 2016
2935:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2900:on 26 June 2012
2892:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2824:
2820:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2778:on 23 July 2012
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2650:Wayback Machine
2643:The Amateur Era
2641:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2553:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2533:. 24 March 1979
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2470:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2251:
2247:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2194:
2179:
2175:
2166:Wayback Machine
2157:
2153:
2147:Wayback Machine
2138:
2134:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2067:. 4 August 2008
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1947:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1872:
1868:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1691:
1687:
1680:The Independent
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1650:The Independent
1641:
1637:
1632:Wayback Machine
1623:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1479:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1432:
1412:
1396:
1391:
1367:
1358:
1324:private schools
1312:New South Wales
1282:
1281:
1280:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
989:
988:
980:
979:
971:
970:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
927:
863:
857:
678:
672:
662:
601:
590:
560:
524:
498:
492:
399:
359:
306:
296:
246:Gaelic football
234:
225:
109:professionalism
94:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3537:Comparison of
3534:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Burnside rules
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3346:Related topics
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Dangerous play
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3157:Rugby football
3153:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3051:
3026:
3009:"rugby.com.au"
3000:
2954:
2925:
2911:
2885:
2874:
2842:
2833:
2830:. p. 180.
2818:
2801:
2789:
2758:
2730:
2704:
2693:
2667:
2653:
2635:
2624:
2603:
2575:
2544:
2518:
2490:
2464:
2446:
2427:
2416:on 8 July 2011
2408:(6 May 2010).
2390:
2364:
2357:
2337:
2306:
2299:
2279:
2268:on 15 May 2010
2256:(5 May 2010).
2245:
2230:
2207:
2192:
2173:
2151:
2132:
2125:
2105:
2098:
2078:
2056:
2035:
2014:"Rule changes"
2005:
1991:
1971:
1941:
1922:
1911:
1885:
1880:Liverpool Echo
1866:
1844:
1813:
1777:
1747:
1733:
1710:
1703:
1685:
1663:
1635:
1617:
1602:
1574:
1541:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1456:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1431:
1428:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1298:public schools
1294:middle classes
1235:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
937:
936:
930:
929:
928:
926:
923:
861:Clash of Codes
859:Main article:
856:
853:
829:Wendell Sailor
825:Jason Robinson
809:John Gallagher
787:
786:
785:fullback (15)
783:
779:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
763:
762:
759:
755:
754:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
710:
709:
706:
703:
697:
696:
693:
690:
661:
658:
636:, penalty and
624:, penalty and
589:
586:
559:
556:
523:
520:
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
472:
471:
468:
464:
452:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
435:
398:
395:
358:
355:
295:
292:
284:rugby Ă treize
280:rugby Ă quinze
224:
221:
201:Inland Revenue
156:was played in
98:rugby football
83:
80:
62:rugby football
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3774:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3497:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Playing field
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2915:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2878:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2837:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2814:1-85410-481-0
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2479:
2478:The Telegraph
2475:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:Collins, Tony
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2326:on 5 May 2013
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2066:
2060:
2045:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1992:1-86395-266-7
1988:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:Collins, Tony
1714:
1706:
1704:0-415-39616-6
1700:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1606:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1462:
1452:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:working class
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:) and union (
1248:
1244:
1238:
934:
922:
918:
916:
912:
908:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:
881:
876:
872:
868:
862:
852:
850:
846:
845:Iestyn Harris
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Matthew Ridge
814:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
780:
772:
764:
756:
747:
743:
735:
727:
719:
711:
702:
698:
687:
681:
677:
671:
667:
657:
655:
651:
647:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
613:
605:
599:
595:
585:
582:
576:
573:
571:
570:Video referee
567:
565:
555:
552:
548:
543:
540:
536:
532:
527:
519:
515:
513:
508:
507:play the ball
502:
497:
484:
481:
477:
476:
475:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
455:
449:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
429:
428:
427:
424:
420:
417:
412:
407:
405:
394:
390:
386:
384:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:play-the-ball
315:
311:
305:
301:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
233:
231:
219:
214:
213:at the time:
212:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
186:
185:International
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
138:
135:
130:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
93:
89:
79:
77:
72:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3752:Rugby league
3731:Rugby league
3730:
3692:
3675:Rugby league
3637:Rugby league
3573:NFL and NCAA
3563:Rugby league
3463:Oldest clubs
3437:
3367:Rugby league
3337:Rugby league
3336:
3180:Competitions
3102:
3068:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3013:the original
3003:
2977:. Retrieved
2970:the original
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2898:the original
2888:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2858:the original
2845:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2804:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2771:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2743:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2716:
2707:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2638:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2560:
2535:. Retrieved
2530:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2503:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2381:. Retrieved
2377:
2367:
2347:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2319:
2309:
2289:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:the original
2248:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2210:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2176:
2168:
2154:
2135:
2115:
2108:
2088:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1981:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
1936:the original
1925:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1888:
1879:
1869:
1861:the original
1856:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:the original
1826:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1790:
1780:
1770:28 September
1768:. Retrieved
1764:the original
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1723:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1656:25 September
1654:. Retrieved
1648:
1638:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1587:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1554:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1526:
1516:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1436:Four Nations
1433:
1413:
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3642:Rugby union
3591:Rugby union
3568:Rugby union
3438:Rugby union
3421:Comparisons
3320:Comparisons
3266:Samoa rules
3200:Eye-gouging
3165:Rugby union
2867:22 February
2330:21 November
2254:Telfer, Jim
2223:21 November
1998:19 February
1904:13 November
1806:22 February
1740:27 February
1424:Asian Games
1277:Sale Sharks
837:Lote Tuqiri
716:hooker (2)
514:will form.
367:conversions
310:1895 schism
193:World Rugby
54:rugby union
38:rugby union
18:Rugby field
3746:Categories
3412:Wheelchair
3301:Wheelchair
3244:Variations
2686:3 December
2441:Fox Sports
2018:Interviews
1837:5 November
1559:. London.
1509:References
1316:Queensland
911:Wigan RLFC
907:Bath Rugby
841:Henry Paul
833:Mat Rogers
713:hooker (9)
674:See also:
638:conversion
626:conversion
539:conversion
494:See also:
397:Possession
371:drop goals
339:Mat Rogers
308:Since the
227:See also:
118:Lancashire
40:team from
3387:Geography
3235:Positions
3195:Equipment
3064:BBC Sport
3044:4 October
1801:0140-0460
1792:The Times
1461:World Cup
1448:World Cup
1304:pursuit.
871:Wallabies
867:Kangaroos
634:drop goal
622:drop goal
547:drop goal
460:ball back
414:during a
351:Tom Court
175:-aligned
146:All Golds
134:All Black
132:In 1906,
113:Yorkshire
3539:football
3486:Category
3382:Gameplay
3210:Glossary
3205:Gameplay
3099:(1994).
2989:cite web
2717:BBC News
2646:Archived
2162:Archived
2143:Archived
1951:"Sports"
1721:(2006).
1628:Archived
1561:Archived
1477:See also
1422:and the
1318:and the
869:and the
701:Forwards
490:Tackling
480:line-out
404:line-out
294:Gameplay
230:Football
126:amateurs
3496:Commons
3392:History
3375:General
3311:Rugby X
3306:Women's
3215:History
3173:General
3070:21 June
3039:Hansard
2904:21 July
2782:7 April
2723:8 March
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2383:19 June
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1964:19 June
1595:22 June
1567:14 June
1528:The Age
1346:Catalan
1342:Occitan
1331:westies
897:of the
660:Players
564:sin bin
522:Scoring
467:tackle.
253:rugby.
82:History
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3596:Futsal
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2745:Spiked
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1416:sevens
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232:(word)
223:Naming
167:, the
3542:codes
3296:Touch
3286:Tambo
3256:Beach
2973:(PDF)
2966:(PDF)
2861:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
1290:upper
1260:Pro14
746:Backs
588:Pitch
581:every
463:rule.
447:rule.
383:scrum
363:tries
199:" to
42:Kotka
3397:Laws
3276:Snow
3261:Mini
3225:Laws
3113:ISBN
3072:2012
3046:2020
3021:2013
2995:link
2981:2013
2949:2013
2906:2012
2869:2016
2810:ISBN
2784:2023
2753:2012
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1839:2009
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1797:ISSN
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