485:
536:, as had been previously agreed upon, which in turn caused Khosrow to react by not accepting his refusal. Rufinus was forced to act and persuaded Khosrow to return the money handed over during the negotiations, as well as withdraw from Byzantine territory with his armies. In the end, the other Byzantine emissaries involved in the matter made accusations against Rufinus so that he would fall out of favor with Justinian, which proved unsuccessful. The following year, likely in September according to the
273:
285:
395:
477:
840:
492:
A 70-day truce (three months according to John
Malalas) was established while Rufinus went to Constantinople to have Justinian consider the agreed terms. During his absence, rumors that Justinian had killed Rufinus spread, impelling Khosrow to rally his troops and march into the enemy territory. When
472:
since the shah had sent his armies to
Byzantine territory. It is likely that Rufinus was among the ambassadors who were prevented by Justinian from crossing into Persia after the death of Kavad I (in September of that year), before Sassanid emissaries arrived to inform them officially about the rise
451:
you to secure a peaceful conclusion to the war, rather than, when matters have been satisfactorily settled, to inflict upon yourself and your people unnecessary confusion. That is why I too have come here myself with good hopes, so that now both peoples may enjoy the blessings that come from peace.'
259:
After the Sabir incident, Justinian refused to accept some of the terms of the negotiated agreements, and
Khosrow became annoyed with such refusal. This forced Rufinus to intervene and try to establish new terms, convincing Khosrow to return the money previously offered and withdraw his troops from
450:
Rufinus, entering the presence of Kavad I, spoke as follows: 'O king, I have been sent by your brother , who scolds you only with reproach, because the
Persians without just cause have come in arms in your land. But it would be more convenient for a king who is not only powerful but also wise like
551:
during the reign of Kavad I. As reported, he was extremely popular with the noble
Persian courtiers due to the gifts distributed to them. He also possessed the appreciation of the Sasanian queen, Khosrow's mother, for having convinced the shah to accept her son as his successor and for having
455:
Byzantine emissaries returned to
Justinian in September 530 with terms acceptable to Kavad. The emperor was ready to accept them, but when Rufinus returned to the court of Kavad I, the latter had been informed of the Byzantines' difficulties in dealing with the revolt of the
243:
in its vicinity in July 531, when he left to negotiate the terms. Upon Kavad's death in
September, Rufinus was sent with other emissaries to discuss terms with the newly installed Khosrow, while in October he was charged with the investigation of an invasion of
345:
to ask him to withdraw his troops and accept the tribute. Rufinus was captured and kept under guard until the capture and looting of
Diyarbakir in January 503, when the Persians released him and sent him to inform the emperor.
387:, Rufinus made faulty accusations against Hypatius. During the time he was in Persia, he convinced Kavad to appoint Khosrow as his successor and advised the queen to seek medical help from a monk named Moses, who lived in
473:
of
Khosrow I. Once the emperor received the news, Rufinus, Hermogenes, Alexander, and Thomas (according to Procopius), or Rufinus and Strategius (according to Malalas) were sent to negotiate with Khosrow.
497:, however, he encountered Rufinus returning from his mission, and both retreated to continue negotiations. In October of that year, Rufinus was informed of an attack led by
367:, was treated with scorn by Vitalian. Rufinus again disappears from the sources, being cited only in 525/6, during the reign of Emperor Justin I (r. 518–527), when the
195:, he was the son and brother, respectively, of the officers Silvanus and Timostratus. He first appeared in 502, when he was sent by Anastasius to the court of the
202:(r. 488–496; 499–531) with large amounts of money to prevent attacks on the Byzantine Empire. When Rufinus learned of the Persian attacks, he left the money in
875:
547:
Rufinus is described in the sources as a friend of
Khosrow I, whom he would have met during his numerous embassies to the Persian court of
517:, and was instructed to confirm whether the Persians were behind the invasion. After confirming that they were not, he directed the
17:
327:
196:
438:
as an imperial emissary stationed nearby ready to begin negotiations. With the end of the battle in June, Rufinus departed with
363:
states the appointment happened in 516. During this period, Rufinus captured two of Vitalian's bodyguards and, together with
315:
John, although the dates of his marriage or the birth of his son are unknown. Rufinus first appears in late 502, amid the
231:
of the East and future emperor Justinian sent him to the court of Kavad I to discuss the terms of Justinian's adoption of
414:, and it is possible that he had already held this honorific position since 525/6. In that year, in the context of the
333:(r. 488–496; 499–531) to deliver a large amount of money so that the Persians would not carry out attacks against the
819:
795:
771:
540:, Rufinus and Hermogenes were again sent to the Sasanian court and finally managed to agree on the so-called
430:, the Persians had prevented them from proceeding beyond Dara. Rufinus is mentioned in a letter from General
860:
809:
253:
235:(r. 531–578). In 530, Rufinus was sent by Justinian to negotiate peace with the Persians, but remained in
870:
785:
830:
320:
177:
383:(r. 531–578), son of Kavad. With the failure of negotiations with the Persian emissaries Mebodes and
514:
411:
304:
303:, he was the son and brother, respectively, of the officers Silvanus and Timostratus. According to
128:
468:
on April 19, Rufinus and Strategius were sent to the Persians seeking peace but were prevented in
865:
260:
Byzantine territory. In 532, Rufinus is mentioned one last time, for having concluded the famous
484:
541:
376:
261:
210:
Kavad I, who imprisoned him until January 503, when he was released and sent to the emperor.
465:
323:
277:
180:
8:
173:
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As a result of the incident, Justinian refused to agree to hand over some forts from
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as ambassador to Kavad I, although the latter instructed the two not to go beyond
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461:
435:
316:
288:
272:
240:
161:
854:
410:, although they do not specify from which region. They also mention he was a
342:
207:
510:
502:
427:
349:
Rufinus reappears in sources in 515 when he was appointed by Anastasius as
312:
249:
106:
446:, Rufinus is said to have delivered the following speech before the shah:
337:. Upon learning that attacks had already begun, Rufinus kept the money in
415:
188:
457:
431:
419:
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The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)
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522:
443:
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232:
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By 530, the sources mention that Rufinus still held the position of
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The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume III, AD 527–641
533:
384:
379:, to the court of Kavad I to discuss terms to Justin's adoption of
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86:
65:
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The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume II, AD 395–527
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to the Persian court, where they arrived in August. According to
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Rufinus was born on an unknown date during the fifth century. Of
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indicated the monk Moses, who cured her of a nagging illness.
498:
476:
388:
245:
236:
103:
460:, which made him decline peace. The emissary returned to
252:. Upon completion of the investigations, he sent General
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Roman-Persian border between the 4th and 6th centuries
434:
addressed to the Persian commander shortly before the
828:
426:
before receiving further instructions. According to
418:, the then-emperor Justinian sent him along with
852:
213:Rufinus reappears in 515, when he was appointed
176:of the 6th century, active during the reigns of
762:Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C (2002).
761:
734:
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669:
644:
632:
603:
579:
804:
780:
746:
722:
710:
681:
620:
591:
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814:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
790:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
876:6th-century Byzantine military personnel
483:
475:
393:
283:
271:
14:
853:
27:Roman official born in the 5th century
706:
704:
702:
616:
614:
612:
505:that had reached as far away as the
544:. Nothing more is known about him.
223:by Anastasius to replace the rebel
24:
699:
25:
887:
609:
464:with the news. In 531, after the
375:(r. 527–565) sent him, alongside
326:(r. 491–518) to the court of the
838:
480:Drachm of Khosrow I (r. 531–579)
755:
740:
728:
716:
687:
675:
371:of the East and future emperor
355:of Thrace to replace the rebel
663:
650:
638:
626:
597:
585:
573:
561:
525:, to deal with the situation.
13:
1:
555:
341:and set out to meet Kavad at
307:, he married the daughter of
227:, and then in 525/6 when the
256:to deal with the situation.
7:
10:
892:
319:, when he was sent by the
92:Embassies to the court of
735:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
694:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
670:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
645:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
633:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
604:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
580:Greatrex & Lieu (2002
165:
147:
136:
115:
79:
71:
57:
47:
39:
32:
305:Theophanes the Confessor
129:Patrician (ancient Rome)
18:Rufinus (Roman official)
656:Procopius of Caesarea,
402:I (r. 488–496; 499–531)
267:
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296:
281:
766:. London: Routledge.
487:
479:
448:
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172:military officer and
102:Investigation of the
75:5th and 6th centuries
493:the shah approached
466:Battle of Callinicum
324:Anastasius I Dicorus
264:that ended the war.
181:Anastasius I Dicorus
861:Byzantine diplomats
806:Martindale, John R.
782:Martindale, John R.
749:, pp. 956–957)
684:, pp. 955–956)
594:, pp. 954–955)
278:Anastasius I Dicoro
871:5th-century births
582:, pp. 62, 67)
490:
482:
404:
297:
282:
187:(r. 518–527), and
85:Capture of two of
737:, pp. 96–97)
361:Marcellinus Comes
311:and fathered the
309:John the Scythian
191:(r. 527–565). Of
155:
154:
142:John the Scythian
72:Years active
16:(Redirected from
883:
843:
842:
841:
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777:
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747:Martindale (1980
744:
738:
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723:Martindale (1992
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711:Martindale (1980
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682:Martindale (1980
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661:
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618:
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592:Martindale (1980
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568:Martindale (1980
565:
538:Edessa Chronicle
519:magister militum
408:magister militum
369:magister militum
352:magister militum
335:Byzantine Empire
239:until after the
229:magister militum
216:magister militum
167:
123:Magister militum
52:Byzantine Empire
30:
29:
21:
891:
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542:Perpetual Peace
270:
262:Perpetual Peace
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
889:
879:
878:
873:
868:
866:Anastasian War
863:
848:
847:
827:
826:
820:
808:, ed. (1992).
802:
796:
784:, ed. (1980).
778:
772:
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725:, p. 421)
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713:, p. 956)
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625:
623:, p. 955)
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572:
570:, p. 954)
559:
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462:Constantinople
436:Battle of Dara
317:Anastasian War
269:
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183:(r. 491–518),
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138:
134:
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80:Known for
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55:
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37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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821:0-521-20160-8
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797:0-521-20159-4
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773:0-415-14687-9
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696:, p. 94)
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672:, p. 92)
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647:, p. 91)
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635:, p. 88)
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606:, p. 81)
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328:Sasanian shah
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58:Occupation(s)
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19:
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756:Bibliography
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521:of Armenia,
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511:Euphratensis
491:
454:
449:
428:John Malalas
407:
405:
368:
350:
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301:Greek origin
298:
295:(r. 518–527)
280:(r. 491–518)
276:Semissis of
258:
228:
214:
212:
193:Greek origin
157:
156:
140:Daughter of
107:Sabir people
658:On the Wars
416:Iberian War
206:and met in
189:Justinian I
48:Nationality
43:5th century
855:Categories
556:References
458:Samaritans
432:Belisarius
424:Hierapolis
420:Hermogenes
398:Drachm of
845:Biography
549:Ctesiphon
523:Dorotheus
507:provinces
444:Procopius
440:Alexander
412:patrician
381:Khosrow I
254:Dorotheus
233:Khosrow I
170:Byzantine
98:Khosrow I
89:'s guards
534:Caucasus
385:Siyawush
377:Hypatius
373:Justin I
357:Vitalian
339:Caesarea
293:Justin I
225:Vitalian
204:Caesarea
185:Justin I
178:emperors
174:emissary
168:) was a
166:Ῥουφῖνος
148:Children
87:Vitalian
66:emissary
660:, I.XVI
532:in the
515:Cilicia
495:Nisibis
365:Alathar
331:Kavad I
321:emperor
289:Solidus
200:Kavad I
158:Rufinus
94:Kavad I
62:General
34:Rufinus
831:Portal
818:
794:
770:
530:Lazica
503:Sabirs
470:Edessa
313:consul
250:Sabirs
241:battle
221:Thrace
137:Spouse
116:Office
109:attack
400:Kavad
343:Amida
208:Amida
162:Greek
816:ISBN
792:ISBN
768:ISBN
513:and
499:Huns
389:Dara
268:Life
246:Huns
237:Dara
151:John
104:Huns
96:and
64:and
40:Born
509:of
291:of
219:of
857::
701:^
611:^
391:.
359:;
164::
833::
824:.
800:.
776:.
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248:-
160:(
20:)
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