2140:
1785:
1698:
1558:
1056:
1853:
3694:
58:
38:
683:
2089:
1282:
1754:
1640:
903:
2038:
1940:
2704:
1507:
1328:
1894:
1236:
1604:
846:
1993:
1456:
2449:
2197:
2662:
2332:
2245:
2594:
2545:
2293:
795:
737:
2628:
3988:
1192:
2500:
590:(king). His health and welfare were always important and the phrase “May you be immortal" was used to reply to him with. By looking on the Sasanian coins which appeared from the 6th-century and afterward, a moon and sun are noticeable. The meaning of the moon and sun, in the words of the Iranian historian , “suggest that the king was at the center of the world and the sun and moon revolved around him. In effect, he was the “
1005:
954:
2875:
2845:
2810:
2775:
2415:
2377:
1425:
1379:
1107:
3758:
594:," which was an old Mesopotamian idea." The king saw all other rulers, such as the Romans, Turks, and Chinese, as being beneath him. The king wore colorful clothes, makeup, a heavy crown, while his beard was decorated with gold. The early Sasanian kings considered themselves of divine descent; they called themselves for “bay" (divine).
372:) to himself. The title "King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians" has also seen on a single silver coin of Shapur I, which indicates that the title was introduced after his victory over Romans and incorporation of non-Iranian lands into the Sasanian realms. The title was later used in coins of all later Sasanian kings.
271:
The period from 631 (when Boran died) to 632 (when
Yazdgerd III takes the throne) is confusing in determining proper succession because a number of rulers who took the throne were later removed or challenged by other members of the House of Sasan. The period was one of
597:
When the king went to the publicity, he was hidden behind a curtain, and had some of his men in front of him, whose duty was to keep the masses away from the king and to make his way clear. When one came to the king, he/she had to prostrate before him, also known as
494:("King Peroz") are displayed. However, a seal demonstrates that the traditional titulature was still used, which indicates that coins do not with certainty display the full formal titulature of the Sasanian monarchs. His brother and successor,
385:), marks a shift in the political perspective of the Sasanian Empire, which (originally disposed towards the West) moved to the East. The shift may have been triggered by hostile tribes in eastern Iran. The war with the
2987:
622:, who was in charge of the king's safety, controlled the entrance of the kings palace, presented visitors to the king, and was allowed to be given military command or used in negotiations. The
549:("royal splendor") on his coins. He combined this together with the word abzōt ("he has increased"), making the full inscription thus read as: "Khosrow, he has increased the royal splendor" (
401:
texts. The title of
Ramshahr (peacekeeper in dominion) was added to the traditional "King of Kings of the Iranians and non-Iranians" on Yazdegerd I's coins. In the Middle Persian
252:
was recognized as one of the main powers in the world alongside its neighboring arch rival, the Roman Empire for a period of more than 400 years. The
Sasanian dynasty began with
2994:
334:
3660:
3551:
McDonough, Scott (2011). "The Legs of the Throne: Kings, Elites, and
Subjects in Sasanian Iran". In Arnason, Johann P.; Raaflaub, Kurt A. (eds.).
526:
inscribed on his coins—the last one issued in 513. The regular obverse inscription on his coins simply has his name; in 504, however, the slogan
337:. In that Shapur names four of his Sasanian predecessors with different titles and in "an ascending order of importance" by giving the title (
2902:
Last known direct descendant of
Yazdegerd III and member of the House of Sasan. It is unclear whether he was Peroz III or Bahram VII's son
3682:
4010:
3885:
4020:
4015:
3541:
3113:
591:
2944:
may be translated as "peace", "ease", "pleasure", "joy" or "satisfaction"; it is most likely "peace" in
Yazdegerd I's case.
2527:
Overthrew
Shahrbaraz in favor of Azarmidokht. Murdered on Azarmidokht's orders after usurping the throne from her as well
4025:
3690:
3630:
3413:
2139:
3651:
3589:
3568:
3511:
3447:
3381:
2750:
273:
3501:
3477:
616:. Both of these groups were enlisted from royal families of the Sasanian Empire, and were under the command of the
3843:
3714:
3822:
3066:
3046:
1784:
1697:
3875:
3870:
3807:
3675:
3104:
2273:
3865:
3827:
3059:
Proceedings of the 21st
International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3
465:-worshipping majesty, the king"), which displays his fondness of the Kayanians, who also used the title of
4030:
3957:
1972:
Rebelled against his father and proclaimed himself as king of Persia, however he was then overthrown by
1557:
1183:
After the death of his brother, Adarnases, Shapur II was still in his mother's womb when he was crowned.
3742:
2963:, a cadet branch of the imperial Sasanian family that ruled in the East before being supplanted by the
2899:
Known to have fought against
Islamic forces in Transoxiana alongside the Sogdians and Turks c. 728-729
3890:
3880:
3812:
2756:
3457:
Daryaee, Touraj (2002). "History, Epic, and
Numistamatics: On the title of Yazdegerd I (Ramshahr)".
1055:
3991:
3962:
3668:
1852:
436:
37:
424:. Sasanian interest in Kayanian ideology and history would continue until the end of the empire.
57:
3860:
3853:
3797:
2921:
2088:
606:
360:
3436:
Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "The Sasanian Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).
1745:
Enthroned after leading a rebellion against his uncle Balash with assistance from Hephthalites
3772:
3579:
2766:
1753:
1639:
723:
682:
164:
3735:
2916:
2634:
2490:
2079:
575:), refrained from using the title, seemingly in order distance themselves from Khosrow II.
186:
2801:
Served as the head of the Governorate of Persia, an exiled extension of the Sassanid court
1281:
8:
3020:
2383:
1431:
2037:
1939:
345:" to Papag, "King of Kings of Iranians" to Ardashir, and "king of kings of Iranians and
3466:
3146:
2703:
610:. On other occasions, the king was protected by a group of palace guards, known as the
3600:
1506:
996:
Possibly executed during the uprising which had been led by his own grand uncle Narseh
3931:
3647:
3640:
Shayegan, M. Rahim (2013). "Sasanian political ideology". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.).
3626:
3585:
3564:
3537:
3507:
3443:
3409:
3387:
3377:
3150:
3109:
3062:
3042:
2960:
2693:
1327:
902:
406:
314:
63:
3439:
King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE)
3424:
3102:
Frye, R. N. (1983). "Chapter 4: The political history of Iran under the Sasanians".
3952:
3921:
3782:
3556:
3138:
2322:
1999:
3142:
1893:
553:). The title of King of Kings was also restored on his coins. His two successors,
3906:
3787:
3698:
3693:
3641:
3531:
3437:
3403:
2506:
2235:
1983:
1603:
292:
249:
190:
182:
43:
3611:
1992:
1455:
1235:
3947:
3911:
3817:
3802:
3792:
3747:
3730:
3560:
3527:
3399:
2535:
2448:
2283:
2196:
2130:
2028:
889:
673:
350:
304:
257:
174:
2661:
2331:
2244:
1191:
4004:
3848:
3391:
2892:
2864:
2710:
2593:
2544:
2292:
2069:
1973:
1838:
845:
487:
296:
265:
102:
2020:
Rebelled against Hormizd IV and Khosrow II and proclaimed himself to be king
1047:
Enthroned after seizing power from Bahram III in a rebellion led against him
794:
3777:
3621:
Schindel, Nikolaus (2013c). "Sasanian Coinage". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.).
2203:
1842:
1687:
1513:
736:
719:
565:
447:
386:
242:
389:
may have reawakened the mythical rivalry between the mythological Iranian
3968:
3916:
2955:
2627:
2455:
2299:
1564:
1334:
1198:
1113:
626:
was also allowed in some cases to serve as the royal executioner. During
600:
467:
462:
402:
375:
300:
127:
3470:
2851:
2742:
2685:
2651:
2600:
2583:
2551:
2472:
2404:
2400:
2363:
2355:
2316:
2251:
2178:
2061:
2044:
1946:
1900:
1242:
1062:
960:
780:
689:
531:
284:
253:
151:
91:
2499:
2964:
2781:
2438:
1859:
1385:
1288:
1147:
909:
801:
415:
367:
147:
135:
121:
3553:
The Roman Empire in Context: Historical and Comparative Perspectives
3487:
3926:
2959:("king") had already been in use at least 100 years earlier by the
2617:
2522:
Claimed the throne after Azarmidokht rejected his hand in marriage
2421:
2146:
1462:
852:
743:
631:
618:
554:
542:
425:
390:
326:
206:
202:
131:
2816:
2095:
1791:
1704:
1683:
1610:
888:
Committed the persecution of Manichaeism, including the death of
612:
546:
512:
472:
420:
261:
230:
141:
115:
2798:
Retreated to Chinese territory where he served as a Tang General
604:. The king was guarded by a group of royal guards, known as the
3974:
3305:
3303:
3179:
3177:
2120:
1760:
1646:
1011:
635:
627:
495:
398:
346:
238:
226:
198:
194:
1004:
457:) marks the start of a new inscription on the Sasanian coins;
2668:
2338:
1676:
953:
394:
234:
222:
210:
3300:
3288:
3174:
3129:
Yücel, Muhammet (2017). "A Unique Drachm Coin of Shapur I".
3051:
2722:
2563:
2158:
1912:
1803:
1716:
1576:
1525:
1474:
1397:
1346:
1300:
1254:
1159:
1074:
1023:
972:
921:
864:
813:
755:
354:
308:
205:
in the east, and also included territory in what is now the
3276:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
2874:
2844:
2809:
2774:
2414:
2376:
1424:
1378:
1106:
342:
218:
178:
67:
3757:
1672:
Two rebellions rose from two of Peroz's sons (his nephews)
3442:. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236.
3164:
3162:
3160:
646:
The table below lists the rulers of the Sasanian Empire.
214:
3335:
3333:
3320:
3318:
3237:
3108:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 116.
2988:"The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World"
2185:
Enthroned after killing his father and eighteen brothers
490:") is omitted on his coins, and only the two aspects of
3352:
3350:
3348:
3031:
181:
after their victory against their former suzerain, the
46:, the legendary royal standard of the Sasanian monarchs
3581:
ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity
3157:
2368:
One of two only women who attained the Sasanian throne
333:
240/42–270/72) chooses the titles in a precise manner
319:
3330:
3315:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3083:
3071:
1098:
Enthroned after abdicating the throne from his father
3506:(Illustrated ed.), W. W. Norton & Company,
3345:
2716:
2557:
2152:
1906:
1797:
1710:
1570:
1519:
1468:
1391:
1340:
1294:
1248:
1153:
1068:
1017:
966:
915:
858:
807:
749:
414:), the title was used by the last Kayanian monarch (
274:
factionalism and division within the Sasanian Empire
3610:Schindel, Nikolaus (2013b). "Kawād I ii. Coinage".
3095:
3486:
2967:and the imperial Sasanians in the mid 4th-century.
1137:Deposed by Sasanian nobles because of his cruelty
4002:
3599:Schindel, Nikolaus (2013a). "Kawād I i. Reign".
3555:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 290–321.
3435:
1958:("Khosrow, he has increased the royal splendor")
1686:, who at first unsuccessful requested help from
3405:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
3264:
3018:
2675:Queen of Queen of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2462:Queen of Queen of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2345:Queen of Queen of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
894:Died of disease/natural causes in September 274
718:Declared himself as Shahanshah after defeating
3584:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256.
2732:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2641:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2607:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2573:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2513:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2428:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2390:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2306:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2258:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2218:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2168:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2102:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2051:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
2006:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1953:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1922:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1866:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1813:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1767:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1726:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1653:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1617:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1586:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1535:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1484:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1438:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1407:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1356:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1310:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1264:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1213:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1169:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1120:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1084:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
1033:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
982:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
931:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
874:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
823:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
765:King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians)
3676:
418:) and occurs in the 10th-century Zoroastrian
3646:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–1021.
3057:International Congress of Byzantine Studies
3012:
3683:
3669:
2751:a series of internal conflicts and murders
2482:Second woman to attain the Sassanid throne
2479:Daughter of Khosrow II and sister of Boran
2068:Restored as Sasanian king after defeating
586:(king of kings), also simply known as the
3620:
3609:
3598:
3577:
3550:
3503:Persian pilgrimages: journeys across Iran
3309:
3294:
3282:
3258:
3183:
2833:Served as a Tang general, like his father
2533:
2488:
2281:
2233:
2128:
2077:
2026:
1981:
671:
397:enemies, which is illustrated by Younger
62:Plate of a Sasanian king, located in the
3639:
3613:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2
3602:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2
3168:
3027:, vol. 1, Columbia University Press
583:The head of the Sasanian Empire was the
522:) was the last Sasanian monarch to have
3484:
3456:
3398:
3371:
3339:
3324:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3089:
3077:
3041:pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979
2692:Was restored to the Sasanian throne by
1837:Restored to the throne with the aid of
530:("may he prosper/increase") was added.
335:in the inscription at Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
4003:
3526:
3499:
3374:The Oxford handbook of Iranian history
3356:
1679:, but he was unsuccessful and executed
541:), during his second reign, added the
3664:
3128:
592:king of the four corners of the world
3101:
3061:pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006
2717:
2558:
2153:
1907:
1798:
1711:
1571:
1520:
1469:
1392:
1341:
1295:
1249:
1154:
1069:
1018:
967:
916:
859:
808:
750:
3643:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran
3623:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran
3422:
3376:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3270:
325:). Ardashir's immediate successor,
13:
2767:Destruction of the Sassanid Empire
14:
4042:
786:Died of natural causes in May 270
641:
638:), the king would hold a speech.
482:), the traditional titulature of
3987:
3986:
3756:
3692:
2873:
2843:
2808:
2773:
2759:began in his first year of reign
2702:
2660:
2626:
2592:
2543:
2498:
2447:
2413:
2375:
2330:
2291:
2243:
2195:
2188:Died after a few months of reign
2138:
2087:
2036:
1991:
1938:
1892:
1871:("Iranians has become fearless")
1851:
1783:
1752:
1696:
1638:
1602:
1556:
1505:
1454:
1423:
1377:
1326:
1280:
1234:
1190:
1105:
1054:
1003:
952:
901:
844:
793:
735:
681:
435:), on some rare coins minted in
56:
36:
4011:Monarchs of the Sasanian Empire
3844:Military of the Sasanian Empire
3459:American Journal of Numismatics
2947:
2934:
570:
559:
536:
517:
500:
477:
452:
430:
380:
3533:Iraq After The Muslim Conquest
3408:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.
3122:
2980:
1682:The second rebellion was from
1:
4021:Sasanian Empire-related lists
3143:10.1080/00210862.2017.1303329
3105:The Cambridge History of Iran
2974:
2274:Siege of Constantinople (626)
1675:The first rebellion was from
1227:Died of natural causes in 384
945:Died of natural causes in 293
728:Died of natural causes in 242
291:224–242), the founder of the
4016:Zoroastrianism-related lists
3578:Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).
3019:Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005),
2723:
2564:
2159:
1913:
1804:
1717:
1577:
1526:
1475:
1398:
1361:("peacekeeper in dominion")
1347:
1301:
1255:
1160:
1075:
1024:
973:
922:
865:
814:
756:
664:Relationship to Predecessor
539: 590–590, 591–628
520: 488–496, 498–531
368:
355:
320:
309:
177:monarchs were the rulers of
124:(226–637) (winter residence)
7:
3625:. Oxford University Press.
2910:
1823:("may he prosper/increase")
704:King of Kings of Iran(ians)
648:
578:
189:in 224. At its height, the
10:
4047:
3561:10.1002/9781444390186.ch13
3365:
2896:
2830:
2795:
2746:
2689:
2524:
2476:
2408:
2359:
2269:
2182:
2113:
2065:
2017:
1969:
1876:("Iranians became strong")
1834:
1742:
1669:
1224:
1180:
1131:
1095:
1044:
993:
942:
885:
834:
776:
715:
364:
356:šāhān šāh ī ērān ud anērān
4026:Lists of monarchs in Asia
3984:
3940:
3899:
3891:Muslim conquest of Persia
3871:Hephthalite–Sasanian Wars
3836:
3765:
3754:
3723:
3705:
2765:
2757:Muslim conquest of Persia
663:
369:basileús basiléōn Arianṓn
365:βασιλεύς βασιλέων Αριανών
279:
160:
109:
98:
87:
82:
78:
74:
55:
51:
35:
28:
20:
3963:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
3485:Daryaee, Touraj (2019).
3372:Daryaee, Touraj (2012).
2927:
2836:Also known as Narseh III
341:) "the lord" to Sasan, "
295:, introduced the title "
3958:Roman–Iranian relations
3500:Molavi, Afshin (2002),
1134:Also known as Narseh II
837:Reigned only for 1 year
630:(Iranian new year) and
3886:Revolts and civil wars
3039:The Jews of Arab Lands
2922:List of Parthian kings
412:The Testament of Zarer
3881:Aksumite–Persian wars
3536:. Gorgias Press LLC.
3488:"The Sasanian Empire"
3478:registration required
3429:Encyclopaedia Iranica
724:Battle of Hormizdegan
505:), used the title of
144:(as summer residence)
3876:Göktürk–Persian wars
3025:Encyclopedia Iranica
2917:Sasanian family tree
2635:Farrukhzad Khosrow V
2491:House of Ispahbudhan
2272:Participated at the
2119:Founded the city of
2080:House of Ispahbudhan
1956:Khūsrōkhwarrah abzōt
551:Khūsrōkhwarrah abzōt
439:, used the title of
187:Battle of Hormozdgan
3616:. pp. 141–143.
3605:. pp. 136–141.
3312:, pp. 141–143.
3297:, pp. 130–131.
3186:, pp. 836–837.
3037:Norman A. Stillman
2116:Uncle of Khosrow II
509:("the good king").
4031:Monarchs of Persia
3861:Roman–Persian Wars
3743:Seven Great Houses
3528:Morony, Michael G.
3285:, pp. 79, 83.
3021:"Sasanian Dynasty"
2749:Enthroned through
783:since 12 April 240
722:of Parthia at the
256:in 224, who was a
88:First monarch
3998:
3997:
3837:Military and wars
3543:978-1-59333-315-7
3423:Daryaee, Touraj.
3115:978-0-521-20092-9
2961:Kushano-Sasanians
2908:
2907:
2733:
2728:
2694:Rostam Farrokhzad
2676:
2642:
2608:
2574:
2569:
2514:
2463:
2429:
2391:
2346:
2321:Briefly ruled in
2307:
2259:
2219:
2214:
2169:
2164:
2103:
2052:
2007:
1959:
1923:
1918:
1877:
1869:Ērān abē-bēm kard
1824:
1809:
1768:
1732:
1722:
1659:
1658:("the good king")
1623:
1587:
1582:
1541:
1531:
1490:
1480:
1439:
1408:
1403:
1362:
1352:
1311:
1306:
1265:
1260:
1214:
1209:
1170:
1165:
1121:
1085:
1080:
1034:
1029:
983:
978:
932:
927:
875:
870:
824:
819:
766:
761:
705:
700:
658:Title(s)/Slogans
407:Ayadgar-i Zariran
393:rulers and their
321:šāhān šāh ī aryān
264:, and ended with
171:
170:
99:Last monarch
64:Azerbaijan Museum
21:King of Kings of
4038:
3990:
3989:
3922:Banu al-Munajjim
3760:
3710:List of monarchs
3697:
3696:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3636:
3617:
3606:
3595:
3574:
3547:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3496:
3493:The Syriac World
3490:
3481:
3474:
3453:
3432:
3419:
3395:
3360:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3313:
3307:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2993:. Archived from
2992:
2984:
2968:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2877:
2847:
2812:
2777:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2674:
2664:
2640:
2630:
2606:
2596:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2512:
2502:
2461:
2451:
2427:
2417:
2403:and a sister of
2389:
2379:
2344:
2334:
2305:
2295:
2257:
2247:
2217:
2209:𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (
2208:
2199:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2101:
2091:
2050:
2040:
2005:
2000:Bahram VI Chobin
1995:
1952:
1942:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1865:
1855:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1766:
1756:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1652:
1642:
1616:
1606:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1437:
1427:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1212:
1204:𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (
1203:
1194:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1119:
1109:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1007:
981:
976:
970:
969:
965:
956:
930:
925:
919:
918:
914:
905:
873:
868:
862:
861:
857:
848:
822:
817:
811:
810:
806:
797:
764:
759:
753:
752:
748:
739:
703:
695:𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (
694:
685:
649:
574:
572:
563:
561:
540:
538:
521:
519:
504:
502:
481:
479:
456:
454:
443:("beneficent").
434:
432:
384:
382:
371:
366:
358:
323:
312:
310:šāhān šāh ī ērān
60:
40:
24:
18:
17:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3980:
3936:
3895:
3832:
3761:
3752:
3719:
3701:
3699:Sasanian Empire
3691:
3689:
3654:
3633:
3592:
3571:
3544:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3475:
3450:
3416:
3400:Daryaee, Touraj
3384:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3346:
3338:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3158:
3131:Iranian Studies
3127:
3123:
3116:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3056:
3052:
3036:
3032:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
3000:on 14 July 2014
2997:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2952:
2948:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2913:
2860:710 (in exile)
2822:679 (In exile)
2790:679 (In exile)
2787:651 (In exile)
2737:
2714:
2680:
2646:
2612:
2578:
2555:
2518:
2467:
2437:Descended from
2433:
2395:
2350:
2311:
2263:
2236:House of Mihran
2223:
2207:
2173:
2150:
2107:
2056:
2011:
1984:House of Mihran
1963:
1954:
1927:
1904:
1881:
1874:Ērān abzonhēnēd
1872:
1867:
1828:
1819:
1814:
1795:
1772:
1736:
1727:
1708:
1663:
1654:
1627:
1618:
1591:
1568:
1545:
1536:
1517:
1494:
1485:
1466:
1443:
1412:
1389:
1366:
1357:
1338:
1315:
1292:
1269:
1246:
1218:
1202:
1174:
1151:
1125:
1089:
1066:
1038:
1015:
987:
964:
936:
913:
879:
856:
828:
805:
770:
747:
709:
693:
644:
581:
569:
558:
535:
516:
499:
476:
459:mazdēsn bay kay
451:
429:
379:
293:Sasanian Empire
282:
250:Sasanian Empire
201:in the west to
191:Sasanian Empire
183:Parthian Empire
130:(briefly under
70:
47:
44:Derafsh Kaviani
31:
22:
12:
11:
5:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3731:House of Sasan
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3688:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3637:
3632:978-0199733309
3631:
3618:
3607:
3596:
3590:
3575:
3569:
3548:
3542:
3524:
3512:
3497:
3482:
3454:
3448:
3433:
3425:"Yazdegerd II"
3420:
3415:978-0857716668
3414:
3396:
3382:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3344:
3329:
3314:
3310:Schindel 2013b
3299:
3295:Rezakhani 2017
3287:
3283:Rezakhani 2017
3275:
3263:
3261:, p. 837.
3259:Schindel 2013c
3236:
3224:
3212:
3200:
3188:
3184:Schindel 2013c
3173:
3171:, p. 807.
3156:
3137:(3): 331–344.
3121:
3114:
3094:
3092:, p. 201.
3082:
3080:, p. 392.
3070:
3050:
3030:
3011:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2946:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2718:𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩
2707:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2559:𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣
2548:
2540:
2539:
2536:House of Sasan
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2325:as rival king
2319:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2284:House of Sasan
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2265:
2262:27 April 630 –
2260:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2131:House of Sasan
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2029:House of Sasan
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1908:𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣
1897:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1810:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1572:𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣
1561:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1521:𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩
1510:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1489:("beneficent")
1481:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1393:𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩
1382:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1342:𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩
1331:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1250:𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩
1239:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1155:𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1070:𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣
1059:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1008:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
989:
984:
979:
957:
949:
948:
947:
946:
941:
938:
933:
928:
906:
898:
897:
896:
895:
892:
884:
881:
880:September 274
876:
871:
849:
841:
840:
839:
838:
833:
830:
825:
820:
809:𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣
798:
790:
789:
788:
787:
784:
779:Co-ruled with
775:
772:
767:
762:
751:𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩
740:
732:
731:
730:
729:
726:
714:
711:
706:
701:
686:
678:
677:
674:House of Sasan
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
643:
642:List of rulers
640:
580:
577:
573: 628–630
562: 628–628
503: 484–488
480: 459–484
455: 438–457
433: 420–438
383: 399–420
351:Middle Persian
305:Middle Persian
281:
278:
169:
168:
162:
158:
157:
156:
155:
145:
139:
125:
119:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4043:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
3993:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3854:Defense lines
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3655:
3653:9780190668662
3649:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3591:9781474400305
3587:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3570:9781444390186
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:0-393-05119-6
3509:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3449:9780692864401
3445:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3383:9780199732159
3379:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3359:, p. 92.
3358:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3342:, p. 42.
3341:
3336:
3334:
3327:, p. 41.
3326:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3234:, p. 94.
3233:
3228:
3222:, p. 22.
3221:
3216:
3210:, p. 90.
3209:
3204:
3198:, p. 91.
3197:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3169:Shayegan 2013
3165:
3163:
3161:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3015:
2996:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2953:The title of
2950:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:Yazdegerd III
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Yazdegerd III
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
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2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2711:Yazdegerd III
2708:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2670:
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2655:
2653:
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2105:
2100:
2098:
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2085:
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2076:
2071:
2070:Bahram Chobin
2067:
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2059:
2054:
2049:
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2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:Bahram Chobin
1971:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
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1925:
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1839:Zarmihr Karen
1836:
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1811:
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1128:
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1103:
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985:
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904:
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615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
602:
595:
593:
589:
585:
576:
567:
556:
552:
548:
545:GDH, meaning
544:
533:
529:
525:
514:
510:
508:
497:
493:
489:
488:King of Kings
485:
474:
470:
469:
464:
460:
449:
446:The reign of
444:
442:
438:
427:
423:
422:
417:
413:
409:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
377:
373:
370:
362:
361:Ancient Greek
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
316:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
277:
275:
269:
267:
266:Yazdegerd III
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:spanned from
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
166:
163:
159:
153:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
112:
108:
104:
103:Yazdegerd III
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
27:
19:
16:
3973:
3967:
3808:Inscriptions
3773:Architecture
3709:
3642:
3622:
3612:
3601:
3580:
3552:
3532:
3517:, retrieved
3502:
3492:
3462:
3458:
3438:
3428:
3404:
3373:
3340:Daryaee 2012
3325:Daryaee 2012
3290:
3278:
3266:
3232:Daryaee 2002
3227:
3220:Daryaee 2014
3215:
3208:Daryaee 2002
3203:
3196:Daryaee 2002
3191:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3103:
3097:
3090:Daryaee 2012
3085:
3078:Daryaee 2012
3073:
3058:
3053:
3038:
3033:
3024:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2995:the original
2982:
2954:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2891:Grandson of
2880:
2850:
2815:
2780:
2741:Grandson of
2709:
2684:Daughter of
2667:
2633:
2599:
2582:Grandson of
2550:
2534:
2505:
2489:
2471:Daughter of
2454:
2420:
2382:
2362:Daughter of
2354:Daughter of
2337:
2298:
2282:
2264:17 June 630
2250:
2234:
2210:
2204:Ardashir III
2202:
2145:
2129:
2094:
2078:
2043:
2027:
1998:
1982:
1955:
1945:
1899:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1843:Hephthalites
1820:
1815:
1790:
1759:
1728:
1703:
1688:Hephthalites
1655:
1645:
1619:
1609:
1563:
1537:
1514:Yazdegerd II
1512:
1486:
1470:𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭
1461:
1430:
1384:
1358:
1333:
1296:𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭
1287:
1241:
1205:
1197:
1146:
1112:
1061:
1042:Grand-uncle
1010:
968:𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭
959:
917:𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭
908:
860:𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭
851:
800:
742:
720:Artabanus IV
696:
688:
672:
645:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
596:
587:
584:
582:
566:Ardashir III
550:
527:
523:
511:
506:
491:
483:
466:
458:
448:Yazdegerd II
445:
440:
419:
411:
405:
387:Iranian Huns
374:
347:non-Iranians
338:
330:
318:
288:
283:
270:
247:
243:Central Asia
172:
167:, hereditary
165:Divine right
152:Khosrow II's
15:
3917:Baduspanids
3900:Descendants
3866:Arab tribes
3736:Family tree
3357:Morony 2005
2645:March 631 –
2616:Brother of
2456:Azarmidokht
2300:Khosrow III
1565:Hormizd III
1335:Yazdegerd I
1199:Ardashir II
1114:Adur Narseh
601:proskynesis
403:heroic poem
376:Yazdegerd I
128:Gundeshapur
4005:Categories
3823:Punishment
3813:Literature
3519:17 January
3067:075465740X
3047:0827611552
2975:References
2881:Khosrau VI
2852:Bahram VII
2743:Khosrau II
2736:June 632 –
2686:Khosrow II
2679:June 631 –
2652:Khosrow II
2647:April 631
2601:Khosrow IV
2584:Khosrow II
2552:Hormizd VI
2473:Khosrow II
2405:Khosrow II
2401:Shahrbaraz
2364:Khosrow II
2356:Khosrow II
2317:Khosrow II
2315:Nephew of
2252:Shahrbaraz
2179:Khosrow II
2062:Hormizd IV
2045:Khosrow II
1947:Khosrow II
1901:Hormizd IV
1243:Shapur III
1063:Hormizd II
1019:𐭭𐭥𐭮𐭧𐭩
961:Bahram III
878:June 271 –
781:his father
690:Ardashir I
636:Mihr's day
607:pushtigban
532:Khosrow II
378:'s reign (
297:Shahanshah
285:Ardashir I
254:Ardashir I
92:Ardashir I
3932:Qarinvand
3803:Glassware
3798:Education
3530:(2005) .
3465:: 89–95.
3392:670375356
3151:164631548
2965:Kidarites
2940:The word
2782:Peroz III
2724:Yazdekert
2681:June 632
2507:Hormizd V
2439:Khosrow I
1860:Khosrow I
1527:Yazdekert
1487:Kirbakkar
1386:Shapur IV
1348:Yazdekert
1289:Bahram IV
1148:Shapur II
910:Bahram II
829:June 271
827:May 270 –
802:Hormizd I
652:Portrait
492:kay Pērōz
441:kirbakkar
416:Vishtaspa
185:, at the
161:Appointer
150:(briefly
136:Shapur II
122:Ctesiphon
118:(224–226)
110:Residence
105:(632–651)
94:(224–242)
3992:Category
3927:Mikalids
3907:Dabuyids
3793:Dressing
3715:Timeline
3495:: 33–43.
3471:43580250
3402:(2014).
2911:See also
2888:Unknown
2885:Unknown
2857:Unknown
2825:Unknown
2618:Peroz II
2422:Peroz II
2384:Shapur V
2323:Khorasan
2267:General
2154:𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲
2147:Kavad II
1841:and the
1832:Brother
1818:("king")
1799:𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲
1776:Brother
1731:("king")
1712:𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲
1667:Brother
1631:Brother
1540:("king")
1476:Warahrān
1463:Bahram V
1370:Brother
1359:Ramshahr
1302:Warahrān
1222:Brother
1178:Brother
974:Warahrān
923:Warahrān
883:Brother
866:Warahrān
853:Bahram I
771:May 270
744:Shapur I
632:Mihragan
624:hazarbed
619:hazarbed
579:The king
555:Kavad II
543:ideogram
484:šāhānšāh
471:. Under
426:Bahram V
395:Turanian
391:Kayanian
343:the king
327:Shapur I
315:Parthian
301:Iranians
268:in 651.
207:Caucasus
203:Pakistan
175:Sasanian
148:Dastgerd
132:Bahram I
30:Imperial
3953:Economy
3941:Related
3912:Bavands
3783:Coinage
3766:Culture
3724:Dynasty
3366:Sources
3271:Daryaee
2863:Son of
2817:Narsieh
2650:Son of
2565:Ōhrmazd
2399:Son of
2211:Ardašīr
2177:Son of
2096:Vistahm
2060:Son of
1914:Ōhrmazd
1792:Kavad I
1740:Nephew
1705:Kavad I
1611:Peroz I
1578:Ōhrmazd
1498:Cousin
1447:Cousin
1432:Khosrow
1273:Nephew
1206:Ardašīr
1076:Ōhrmazd
815:Ōhrmazd
697:Ardašīr
613:darigan
547:xwarrah
513:Kavad I
473:Peroz I
421:Denkard
399:Avestan
299:of the
262:Istakhr
258:Persian
231:Lebanon
142:Hamadan
116:Istakhr
83:Details
3975:anērān
3788:Crowns
3650:
3629:
3588:
3567:
3540:
3510:
3469:
3446:
3412:
3390:
3380:
3149:
3112:
3065:
3045:
3004:6 June
2121:Bastam
2111:Uncle
2015:Rebel
1761:Jamasp
1647:Balash
1622:(king)
1399:Šābuhr
1256:Šābuhr
1161:Šābuhr
1012:Narseh
757:Šābuhr
667:Notes
661:Reign
628:Nowruz
564:) and
496:Balash
461:("The
339:Xwaday
280:Titles
239:Jordan
227:Israel
199:Rhodes
195:Turkey
154:reign)
3948:Roads
3828:Women
3818:Music
3748:Kayus
3467:JSTOR
3147:S2CID
2998:(PDF)
2991:(PDF)
2928:Notes
2669:Boran
2611:630 –
2577:630 –
2517:630 –
2466:630 –
2432:630 –
2394:630 –
2349:630 –
2339:Boran
2310:630 –
2222:628 –
2172:628 –
2160:Kawād
2106:591 –
2055:591 –
2010:590 –
1962:590 –
1926:579 –
1880:531 –
1827:498 –
1821:Abzōn
1805:Kawād
1771:496 –
1735:488 –
1718:Kawād
1684:Kavad
1677:Zarir
1662:484 –
1656:Hukay
1626:457 –
1590:457 –
1544:438 –
1493:420 –
1442:420 –
1411:420 –
1365:399 –
1314:388 –
1268:383 –
1217:379 –
1173:309 –
1124:309 –
1088:302 –
1037:293 –
1025:Narsē
986:293 –
935:274 –
769:240 –
708:224 –
655:Name
528:abzōn
507:hukay
463:Mazda
260:from
235:Syria
223:Egypt
211:Yemen
3972:and
3969:ērān
3849:Navy
3648:ISBN
3627:ISBN
3586:ISBN
3565:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3521:2010
3508:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3388:OCLC
3378:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3063:ISBN
3043:ISBN
3006:2014
2828:Son
2793:Son
2755:The
2738:651
2613:636
2579:632
2519:631
2468:631
2434:630
2396:630
2351:630
2312:630
2227:Son
2224:630
2174:628
2108:595
2057:628
2012:591
1967:Son
1964:590
1931:Son
1928:590
1885:Son
1882:579
1829:531
1773:498
1737:496
1664:488
1628:484
1595:Son
1592:459
1549:Son
1546:457
1495:438
1444:420
1416:Son
1413:420
1367:420
1319:Son
1316:399
1270:388
1219:383
1175:379
1129:Son
1126:309
1093:Son
1090:309
1039:302
991:Son
988:293
940:Son
937:293
890:Mani
832:Son
774:Son
710:242
588:shah
437:Pars
248:The
241:and
219:Oman
197:and
179:Iran
173:The
134:and
68:Iran
42:The
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