526:
States Court of
Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in early 2024, held that such state-law failure to warn claims were not preempted by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ("FIFRA"). In August 2024, however, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that FIFRA does preempt state-law failure to warn claims involving Roundup, expressly recognizing that its holding conflicts with that of the Ninth and Eleventh Circuits. This conflict among the Third, Ninth and Eleventh Circuit creates a heightened potential that the United States Supreme Court will review the Third Circuit's decision so that the Supreme Court can resolve the conflict among the Courts of Appeals.
280:(POEA) can be more toxic than other formulations for aquatic species. Due to the variety in available formulations, including five different glyphosate salts and different combinations of inert ingredients, it is difficult to determine how much surfactants contribute to the overall toxicity of each formulation. Independent scientific reviews and regulatory agencies have repeatedly concluded that glyphosate-based herbicides do not lead to a significant risk for human or environmental health when the product label is properly followed.
522:
cancer. Bayer has settled tens of thousands of those claims and has agreed to pay billions in damages, but, as of 2023, more than 50,000 similar claims were still pending. In
December 2023, Bayer won a case against a claim that Roundup had caused a man's cancer. In a statement they said the outcome was "consistent with the evidence in this case that Roundup does not cause cancer and is not responsible for the plaintiff's illness". At that time, Bayer had previously won 10 of 15 such cases.
304:. Deliberate ingestion of Roundup ranging from 85 to 200 ml (of 41% solution) has resulted in death within hours of ingestion, although it has also been ingested in quantities as large as 500 ml with only mild or moderate symptoms. Consumption of over 85 ml of concentrated product is likely to cause serious symptoms in adults, including burns due to corrosive effects as well as kidney and liver damage. More severe cases lead to "respiratory distress, impaired consciousness,
451:, "probably carcinogenic to humans" in 2015. The variation in classification between this agency and others has been attributed to "use of different data sets" and "methodological differences in the evaluation of the available evidence". In 2017, California environmental regulators listed glyphosate as âknown to the state to cause cancer.â The state's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment made the decision based in part on the report from the
36:
469:
237:(POEA) is a surfactant used in the original Roundup formulation and was commonly used in 2015. Different versions of Roundup have included different percentages of POEA. A 1997 US government report said that Roundup is 15% POEA while Roundup Pro is 14.5%. Since POEA is more toxic to fish and amphibians than glyphosate alone, POEA is not allowed in aquatic formulations.
587:
Litzenburg, the lawyer for the RoundUp
Virginia plaintiffs had been charged with extortion after offering to stop searching for more plaintiffs if he was paid a $ 200 million consulting fee by a manufacturer of glyphosate. Litzenburg and his partner Daniel Kincheloe pleaded guilty to the charges and they were sentenced to two and one years in prison respectively.
163:. As of 2009, sales of Roundup herbicides still represented about 10 percent of Monsanto's revenue despite competition from Chinese producers of other glyphosate-based herbicides. The overall Roundup line of products represented about half of Monsanto's yearly revenue in 2009. The product is marketed to consumers by
361:. Aquatic organism exposure risk to terrestrial formulations with POEA is limited to drift or temporary water pockets. While laboratory studies can show effects of glyphosate formulations on aquatic organisms, similar observations rarely occur in the field when instructions on the herbicide label are followed.
521:
In the ten months following Bayer's June 2018 acquisition of
Monsanto, its stock lost 46% of its value because of investor apprehension concerning the 11,200 lawsuits filed against its subsidiary. As of 2023, around 165,000 claims have been made against Bayer, mostly alleging that Roundup had caused
590:
In June 2020, Bayer agreed to settle over a hundred thousand
Roundup lawsuits, agreeing to pay $ 8.8 to $ 9.6 billion to settle those claims, and $ 1.5 billion for any future claims. The settlement does not include three cases that have already gone to jury trials and are being appealed. However the
398:
There is limited evidence that human cancer risk might increase as a result of occupational exposure to large amounts of glyphosate, such as agricultural work, but no good evidence of such a risk from home use, such as in domestic gardening. The consensus among national pesticide regulatory agencies
603:
Environmental and consumer rights campaigners brought a case in France in 2001 accusing
Monsanto of presenting Roundup as "biodegradable" and claiming that it "left the soil clean" after use; glyphosate, Roundup's main ingredient, was classed by the European Union as "dangerous for the environment"
582:
stated that a punitive award was appropriate because the evidence "easily supported a conclusion that
Monsanto was more concerned with tamping down safety inquiries and manipulating public opinion than it was with ensuring its product is safe." Chhabria stated that there was evidence on both sides
170:
Monsanto developed and patented the glyphosate molecule in the 1970s, and marketed it as
Roundup from 1973. It retained exclusive rights to glyphosate in the US until its US patent expired in September 2000; in other countries the patent expired earlier. The Roundup trademark is registered with the
674:
in 1996. "Roundup Ready" became
Monsanto's trademark for its patented line of crop seeds that are resistant to Roundup. Between 1990 and 1996 sales of Roundup increased around 20% per year. As of 2015 the product was used in over 160 countries. Roundup is used most heavily on corn, soy, and cotton
599:
In 1996, Monsanto was accused of false and misleading advertising of glyphosate products, prompting a lawsuit by the New York State attorney general. Monsanto had made claims that its spray-on glyphosate based herbicides, including
Roundup, were safer than table salt and "practically non-toxic" to
586:
On May 13, 2019, a jury in California ordered Bayer to pay a couple $ 2 billion in damages (later cut to $ 87 million on appeal) after finding that the company had failed to adequately inform consumers of the possible carcinogenicity of Roundup. On December 19, 2019, it was announced that Timothy
563:
found that Monsanto had failed to adequately warn consumers of cancer risks posed by the herbicide. Johnson had routinely used two different glyphosate formulations in his work as a groundskeeper, RoundUp and another Monsanto product called Ranger Pro. The jury's verdict addressed the question of
525:
Most cases claiming injury from Roundup are based on a failure-to-warn theory of liability, meaning Monsanto is liable for a plaintiff's injury because it failed to warn the plaintiff that Roundup can cause cancer. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 2021, and the United
327:
has been occasionally reported. Severe skin burns are very rare. In a 2017 risk assessment, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) wrote: "There is very limited information on skin irritation in humans. Where skin irritation has been reported, it is unclear whether it is related to glyphosate or
213:
The health impacts of the product as well as its effects on the environment have been at the center of substantial legal and scientific controversies. In June 2020, Bayer agreed to pay $ 9.6 billion to settle tens of thousands of claims, mostly alleging that glyphosate-based Roundup had caused
377:
A 2000 review of the toxicological data on Roundup concluded that "for terrestrial uses of Roundup minimal acute and chronic risk was predicted for potentially exposed nontarget organisms". It also concluded that there were some risks to aquatic organisms exposed to Roundup in shallow water.
331:
Inhalation is a minor route of exposure, but spray mist may cause oral or nasal discomfort, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, or tingling and irritation in the throat. Eye exposure may lead to mild conjunctivitis. Superficial corneal injury is possible if irrigation is delayed or inadequate.
431:
in 2017 was that "glyphosate does not pose a carcinogenic risk to humans". The EPA has evaluated the carcinogenic potential of glyphosate multiple times since 1986. In 1986, glyphosate was initially classified as Group C: "Possible Human Carcinogen", but later recommended as Group D: "Not
340:
Glyphosate formulations with POEA, such as Roundup, are not approved for aquatic use due to aquatic organism toxicity. Due to the presence of POEA, glyphosate formulations only allowed for terrestrial use are more toxic for amphibians and fish than glyphosate alone. Terrestrial glyphosate
364:
Studies in a variety of amphibians have shown the toxicity of products containing POEA to amphibian larvae. These effects include interference with gill morphology and mortality from either the loss of osmotic stability or asphyxiation. At sub-lethal concentrations, exposure to POEA or
670:â as a non-selective herbicide. Application of glyphosate-based herbicides to row crops resulted in problems with crop damage and kept them from being widely used for this purpose. In the United States, use of Roundup experienced rapid growth following the commercial introduction of a
240:
Non-glyphosate formulations of Roundup are typically used for lawns that glyphosate would otherwise kill. Both type of products being sold under the Roundup brand name can be a source of confusion for consumers. Active ingredients for non-glyphosate formulations of Roundup can include
607:
On 27 March 2020 Bayer settled claims in a proposed class action alleging that it falsely advertised that the active ingredient in Roundup Weed & Grass Killer only affects plants with a $ 39.5 million deal that included changing the labels on its products.
641:
2570:"Attorney General of the State of New York. Consumer Frauds and Protection Bureau. Environmental Protection Bureau. 1996. In the matter of Monsanto Company, respondent. Assurance of discontinuance pursuant to executive law § 63(15). New York, NY, Nov"
373:
in bullfrog tadpoles. The use of glyphosate-based pesticides are not considered the major cause of amphibian decline, the bulk of which occurred prior to widespread use of glyphosate or in pristine tropical areas with minimal glyphosate exposure.
600:
mammals, birds, and fish, "environmentally friendly", and "biodegradable". Citing avoidance of costly litigation, Monsanto settled the case, admitting no wrongdoing, and agreeing to remove the offending advertising claims in New York State.
230:
agents, to maximize coverage and aid penetration of the herbicide(s) through plant leaves. As agricultural spray adjuvants, surfactants may be pre-mixed into commercial formulations or they may be purchased separately and mixed on-site.
564:
whether Monsanto knowingly failed to warn consumers that RoundUp could be harmful, but not whether RoundUp causes cancer. Court documents from the case alleged the company's efforts to influence scientific research via
619:
Some tests originally conducted on glyphosate by contractors were later found to have been fraudulent, along with tests conducted on other pesticides. Concerns were raised about toxicology tests conducted by
1414:
Sribanditmongkol P, Jutavijittum P, Pongraveevongsa P, Wunnapuk K, Durongkadech P (September 2012). "Pathological and toxicological findings in glyphosate-surfactant herbicide fatality: a case report".
296:(as opposed to additive effects) that increase the acute toxicity of glyphosate within a formulation. The surfactant POEA is not considered an acute toxicity hazard, and has an oral toxicity similar to
1691:
436:
in previously examined rat tumor studies. In 1991, it was classified as Group E: "Evidence of Non-Carcinogenicity for Humans", and in 2015 and 2017, "Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans".
538:
classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" in March 2015, many state and federal lawsuits were filed in the United States. Early on, over 300 of them were consolidated into a
843:
1906:
328:
co-formulants in glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations." The ECHA concluded that available human data was insufficient to support classification for skin corrosion or irritation.
1503:
Talbot AR, Shiaw MH, Huang JS, Yang SF, Goo TS, Wang SH, Chen CL, Sanford TR (January 1991). "Acute poisoning with a glyphosate-surfactant herbicide ('Roundup'): a review of 93 cases".
455:. State Proposition 65 requires the state office to add substances the international agency deems carcinogenic in humans or laboratory animals to a state list of cancer-causing items.
2970:
some five million acres in California were treated with glyphosate in 2012 to grow almonds, peaches, onions, cantaloupe, cherries, sweet corn, citrus, grapes, and other edible crops.
2647:
2149:
2395:
1458:
Williams, Gary M.; Kroes, Robert; Munro, Ian C. (April 2000). "Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment of the Herbicide Roundup and Its Active Ingredient, Glyphosate, for Humans".
2991:
Pease W S et al. (1993) âPreventing pesticide-related illness in California agriculture: Strategies and prioritiesâ. Environmental Health Policy Program Report. Berkeley, CA:
2511:
369:, developmental malformations of the tail, mouth, eye and head, histological indications of intersex and symptoms of oxidative stress. Glyphosate-based formulations can cause
611:
In June 2023, Bayer reached a $ 6.9 million settlement agreement with the New York attorney general, settling false advertising allegations concerning the safety of Roundup.
578:
In March 2019, a man was awarded $ 80 million (later cut to $ 26 million on appeal) in a lawsuit claiming Roundup was a substantial factor in his cancer. U.S. District Judge
1225:
Van Bruggen, A.H.C.; He, M.M.; Shin, K.; Mai, V.; Jeong, K.C.; Finckh, M. R.; Morris, J.G. (March 1, 2018). "Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate".
644:
had not given due weight to safety concerns when they approved the product in March 2017. The ban went into effect immediately. The court's decision cited research by the
2807:
2764:
2244:
276:
of different glyphosate-based formulations varies, especially with respect to the surfactants used. Formulations intended for terrestrial use that include the surfactant
210:
crops. The genes contained in these seeds are patented. Such crops allow farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against most broadleaf and cereal weeds.
1606:
Wagner N, Reichenbecher W, Teichmann H, Tappeser B, Lötters S (August 2013). "Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate-based herbicides on amphibians".
787:
2949:
2919:
428:
1648:
JP Giesy, KR Solomon, S Dobson (2000). "Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup Herbicide". Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 167: 35-120
2691:
2203:
292:
Roundup. The surfactants in glyphosate formulations can increase the relative acute toxicity of the formulation. Surfactants generally do not, however, cause
583:
as to whether glyphosate causes cancer, and that the behavior of Monsanto showed "a lack of concern about the risk that its product might be carcinogenic."
977:
604:
and "toxic for aquatic organisms". In January 2007, Monsanto was convicted of false advertising and fined 15,000 euros. The result was confirmed in 2009.
2897:
2424:
1720:
Tarazona, Jose V.; Court-Marques, Daniele; Tiramani, Manuela; Reich, Hermine; Pfeil, Rudolf; Istace, Frederique; Crivellente, Federica (April 3, 2017).
1695:
1962:
490:
483:
1042:
390:
when sprayed directly on them. It has been hypothesized that this is due to surfactants in the formulations blocking the tracheal system of the bees.
1988:
2071:
1769:
876:
2451:
853:
628:
was found to have fraudulently analysed samples for residues of glyphosate in 1991. Monsanto has stated that the studies have since been repeated.
1581:
1546:
Committee of Risk Assessment Opinion proposing harmonised classification and labelling at EU level of glyphosate (ISO); N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
2369:
2049:
2013:
575:
decided to stop carrying Roundup or other glyphosate-based herbicides. The decision was reportedly influenced in part by the public court cases.
2556:
559:, was awarded $ 289 million in damages (later cut to $ 78 million on appeal then reduced to $ 21 million after another appeal) after a jury in
2124:
2285:
2098:
1722:"Glyphosate toxicity and carcinogenicity: a review of the scientific basis of the European Union assessment and its differences with IARC"
2569:
2477:
2342:
2044:
1577:
645:
535:
452:
444:
440:
1024:
675:
crops that have been genetically modified to withstand the chemical, but as of 2012 glyphosate treated approximately 5 million acres in
2998:
Wang Y, Jaw C and Chen Y (1994) âAccumulation of 2,4-D and glyphosate in fish and water hyaacinthâ. Water Air Soil Pollute. 74:397â403
2728:
721:
1094:
2665:
2313:"Costco Will Reportedly Remove Roundup from Stores After $ 2 Billion Awarded to Couple Who Claimed Weed Killer Caused Their Cancer"
341:
formulations that include the surfactants POEA and MON 0818 (75% POEA) may have negative impacts on various aquatic organisms like
3026:
2497:
671:
2753:
2262:
1460:
1151:
1811:
534:
As of October 30, 2019, there were over 42,000 plaintiffs who said that glyphosate herbicides caused their cancer. After the
420:
760:
2781:
1836:
2529:
2957:
2927:
1124:
Gary L. Diamond and Patrick R. Durkin February 6, 1997, under contract from the United States Department of Agriculture.
386:
Roundup ReadyâToâUse, Roundup No Glyphosate, and Roundup ProActive have all been found to cause significant mortality in
726:
175:
and still extant. However, glyphosate is no longer under patent, so similar products use it as an active ingredient.
508:
448:
416:
404:
365:
glyphosate/POEA formulations have been associated with delayed development, accelerated development, reduced size at
621:
1880:
1298:
1272:
928:
716:
1828:
993:
741:
324:
289:
172:
2889:
1545:
3045:
2039:
1046:
731:
552:
277:
234:
194:
100:
19:
This article is about the herbicide originally developed by Monsanto. For the active ingredient alone, see
1068:
293:
3055:
2312:
223:
160:
1562:
736:
399:
and scientific organizations is that labeled uses of glyphosate have demonstrated no evidence of human
167:. In the late-2010s other non-glyphosate containing herbicides were also sold under the Roundup brand.
164:
1799:
408:
288:
The acute oral toxicity for mammals is low, but death has been reported after deliberate overdose of
2992:
1858:
1125:
662:
Monsanto first developed Roundup in the 1970s. End-users initially deployed it in a similar way to
539:
433:
2230:
Draft Ecological Risk Assessment for the Registration Review of Dichlorvos, Naled, and Trichlorfon
2128:
479:
226:, the identities of which may be proprietary. Surfactants are used in herbicide formulations as
317:
312:
requiring haemodialysis, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalaemia" and death is often preceded by
2573:
814:
2102:
2985:
2713:
1230:
1145:"SS-AGR-104 Safe Use of Glyphosate-Containing Products in Aquatic and Upland Natural Areas"
556:
543:
2599:
2425:"Judge cuts $ 2 billion award for couple with cancer to $ 86.7 million in Roundup lawsuit"
2343:"Judge Reduces $ 80M Award In Roundup Case; Cancer Patient, Monsanto Both Consider Appeal"
1098:
954:
8:
3050:
2429:
2400:
893:
625:
565:
412:
201:
1234:
3023:
2864:
2290:
2125:"Award to Vallejo groundskeeper in Monsanto cancer case slashed again - verdict upheld"
1746:
1721:
1631:
1528:
1485:
1440:
1360:
2557:
Bayer To Pay More Than $ 10 Billion To Resolve Cancer Lawsuits Over Weedkiller Roundup
1791:
1274:
Effects of Surfactants on the Toxicity of Glyphosate, with Specific Reference to Rodeo
1126:
Effects of Surfactants on the Toxicity of Glyphosate, with Specific Reference to RODEO
2856:
2317:
2254:
1932:
1807:
1751:
1623:
1520:
1477:
1432:
1352:
1348:
1254:
1246:
1202:
1183:"Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment"
985:
179:
2834:
2174:
1635:
1489:
1242:
1144:
707:, although the product is only applied directly to certain varieties of sweet corn.
2868:
2846:
2648:"Monsanto définitivement condamné pour "publicité mensongÚre" à propos du Round Up"
1741:
1733:
1671:
1660:"Roundup causes high levels of mortality following contact exposure in bumble bees"
1615:
1532:
1512:
1469:
1444:
1424:
1413:
1394:
1364:
1344:
1238:
1194:
370:
114:
2512:"DOJ charges Roundup plaintiffs' lawyer in $ 200 million alleged extortion scheme"
1770:"The BfR has finalised its draft report for the re-evaluation of glyphosate - BfR"
3030:
2692:"Bayer reaches $ 6.9 million settlement with New York over Roundup safety claims"
2650:[Monsanto finally convicted for 'false advertising' about the Round Up].
1803:
1428:
1198:
764:
423:
have concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or
305:
183:
2621:
1381:
Rolando, Carol; Baillie, Brenda; Thompson, Dean; Little, Keith (June 12, 2017).
2396:"Louisville lawyer wins $ 80M verdict against Monsanto over weedkiller Roundup"
2075:
2017:
1516:
579:
309:
159:
acquired in 2018. Prior to the late-2010s formulations, it used broad-spectrum
111:
1737:
3039:
2258:
1383:"The Risks Associated with Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Use in Planted Forests"
1250:
989:
819:
657:
560:
366:
254:
206:
2286:"Monsanto Emails Raise Issue of Influencing Research on Roundup Weed Killer"
1676:
1659:
1658:
Straw, Edward A.; Carpentier, Edward N.; Brown, Mark J. F. (April 6, 2021).
2860:
1755:
1627:
1481:
1473:
1436:
1356:
1258:
1206:
1043:"Pesticide Registration Manual | Pesticide Registration | US EPA"
788:"Monsanto No More: Agri-Chemical Giant's Name Dropped In Bayer Acquisition"
2099:"Groundskeeper Accepts Reduced $ 78 Million Award In Monsanto Cancer Suit"
1524:
3017:
2370:"Jury Awards $ 80 Million In Damages In Roundup Weed Killer Cancer Trial"
1963:"Bayer wins US legal victory against Roundup cancer claims; shares surge"
350:
313:
273:
2530:"Virginia lawyers get prison terms for $ 200M Roundup extortion scheme"
2249:
700:
688:
676:
400:
258:
246:
190:
118:
20:
1859:"Revised Glyphosate Issue Paper: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential"
2666:"Monsanto To Pay $ 39M In Roundup False Ad Class Settlement - Law360"
1619:
1399:
1382:
424:
387:
297:
89:
61:
2988:, NYU Stern School of Business: August 2001, Revised July 14, 2003.
2851:
2597:
1605:
1335:
Bradberry SM, Proudfoot AT, Vale JA (2004). "Glyphosate poisoning".
1182:
468:
3024:
EPA's ground & drinking water consumer factsheet for glyphosate
2808:"French court cancels Monsanto weedkiller permit on safety grounds"
2482:
2179:
2150:"Monsanto ordered to pay $ 289 million in world's first Roundup..."
663:
342:
152:
1719:
35:
3010:
2534:
2346:
1570:
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
877:"Scotts Miracle-Gro Jumps Most in Decade on Pot-Supplies Rebound"
815:"The debate over whether Monsanto is a corporate sinner or saint"
346:
301:
250:
227:
2716:. U.S. EPA Office of pesticides and Toxic Substances. July 1983.
2598:
Talbot, AR; Shiaw, MH; Huang, JS; Yang, SF (November 25, 1996).
1095:"Measuring POEA, a Surfactant Mixture in Herbicide Formulations"
848:
704:
696:
680:
667:
572:
2452:"Bayer's $ 2 Billion Roundup Damages Boost Pressure to Settle"
2204:"Dying cancer patient awarded $ 395m in Monsanto Roundup case"
2014:"Bayer's Roundup Headache Grows as Plaintiffs Pile Into Court"
1989:"Bayer surges after Roundup appeal wins in Philadelphia court"
1025:"Bayer wins latest Roundup cancer trial, ending losing streak"
929:"What's the difference between Roundup and Roundup For Lawns?"
636:
In January 2019, Roundup 360 was banned in France following a
3018:
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System entry for glyphosate
2478:"Roundup suit lawyer accused of $ 200 million extortion plot"
2245:"Monsanto Just Lost a Case Linking Its Weed Killer to Cancer"
692:
684:
354:
262:
156:
128:
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor
51:
2072:"Monsanto's Cancer Fight Judge Pictures Weed Killer Showers"
1380:
2729:"U.S. Seeks to Learn if Tests On Pesticides Were Falsified"
2232:, UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, p. 33
637:
358:
242:
186:
1792:"Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority"
978:"Roundup Maker to Pay $ 10 Billion to Settle Cancer Suits"
2600:"Monsanto Agrees to Modify Roundup Ads in New York State"
2373:
1280:, Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. (SERA)
792:
432:
Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity" due to lack of
2782:"Weedkiller Roundup banned in France after court ruling"
1306:, Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc.(SERA)
429:
Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
1692:"Food Controversies—Pesticides and organic foods"
1417:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
1300:
Glyphosate: Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
2498:"Lawyer for Roundup plaintiffs charged with extortion"
1334:
651:
222:
Glyphosate-based formulations may contain a number of
137:
2995:. School of Public Health. California Policy Seminar.
2228:
Judkins, Donna R; Wente, Stephen P (June 17, 2020),
1881:"How chemicals are added to the Proposition 65 list"
1829:"EPA Releases Draft Risk Assessments for Glyphosate"
1657:
1502:
1224:
1180:
1087:
200:
Monsanto also produced seeds which grow into plants
189:
of glyphosate. Another ingredient of Roundup is the
151:
is a brand name of herbicide originally produced by
2950:"What Do We Really Know About Roundup Weed Killer?"
2920:"What Do We Really Know About Roundup Weed Killer?"
308:, infiltration on chest X-ray, shock, arrhythmias,
1457:
591:settlement was not allowed to cover future cases.
1907:"Glyphosate: nouveau revers judiciare pour Bayer"
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
204:to be tolerant to glyphosate, which are known as
3037:
927:Frank, Kevin; Hathaway, Aaron (March 31, 2017).
763:. Monsanto.com. November 3, 2008. Archived from
614:
2726:
2337:
2335:
1181:Mann RM, Hyne RV, Choung CB, Wilson SP (2009).
1069:"Adjuvants for Enhancing Herbicide Performance"
439:One international scientific organization, the
2890:"Top-selling herbicide not close to withering"
2835:"The history and current status of glyphosate"
1317:
926:
2332:
2227:
1940:Third Circuit United States Court of Appeals
1904:
1789:
1407:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1035:
427:risk to humans. The final assessment of the
2593:
2591:
2175:"Weedkiller 'doesn't cause cancer' - Bayer"
2045:International Agency for Research on Cancer
1715:
1713:
1578:International Agency for Research on Cancer
1557:
1555:
1553:
1496:
1220:
1218:
1216:
874:
441:International Agency for Research on Cancer
16:Glyphosate-based herbicide made by Monsanto
2416:
1694:. Cancer Research UK. 2016. Archived from
1599:
1376:
1374:
903:. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension
2850:
2800:
2567:
1745:
1675:
1651:
1642:
1398:
1130:
1113:
841:
785:
761:"Monsanto ~ Who We Are ~ Company History"
722:Pesticide regulation in the United States
509:Learn how and when to remove this message
84:Non-selective post-emergence weed control
2588:
2367:
2277:
2242:
2201:
1710:
1550:
1291:
1265:
1213:
1097:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from
922:
920:
918:
894:"For the homeowner: RoundupÂź for Lawns?"
888:
886:
323:Skin exposure can cause irritation, and
2689:
2422:
2393:
1960:
1796:Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society
1790:Guston, David; Ludlow, Karinne (2010).
1371:
1176:
1174:
1172:
3038:
2912:
2770:from the original on December 8, 2010.
2122:
1986:
1898:
1608:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
1461:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
489:Please improve this section by adding
411:Meeting on Pesticide Residues and the
2654:(in French). Paris. October 15, 2009.
2283:
1826:
1157:from the original on February 3, 2007
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
975:
935:. Michigan State University Extension
915:
883:
421:Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
2900:from the original on August 13, 2018
2832:
2754:"Testing Fraud: IBT and Craven Labs"
2368:Gonzales, Richard (March 29, 2019).
2202:Johnston, Gretel (August 11, 2018).
2096:
1684:
1169:
844:"The Seeds Of A Monsanto Short Play"
594:
462:
2714:"Summary of the IBT review program"
2690:Stempel, Jonathan (June 15, 2023).
2622:"Monsanto guilty in 'false ad' row"
2538:. Reuters Legal. September 18, 2020
2195:
1933:"Schaffner v. Monsanto Corporation"
1505:Human & Experimental Toxicology
955:"California Product/Label Database"
652:Use with genetically modified crops
13:
2978:
2394:Wolfson, Andrew (March 28, 2019).
2243:Ebersole, Rene (August 17, 2018).
2052:from the original on July 12, 2022
1587:from the original on July 12, 2018
1008:
969:
786:Domonoske, Camila (June 4, 2018).
727:Environmental impact of pesticides
403:. Organizations such as the Joint
393:
14:
3067:
3002:
2727:Keith Schneider (March 2, 1991).
2423:Telford, Taylor (July 26, 2019).
2349:. Associated Press. July 15, 2019
976:Cohen, Patricia (June 24, 2020).
842:Cavallaro, Matt (June 26, 2009).
545:In re: RoundUp Products Liability
417:Pest Management Regulatory Agency
267:
2956:. April 23, 2015. Archived from
2926:. April 23, 2015. Archived from
1349:10.2165/00139709-200423030-00003
1227:Science of the Total Environment
631:
622:Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories
467:
34:
2984:Baccara, Mariagiovanna, et al.
2942:
2882:
2826:
2774:
2746:
2720:
2706:
2683:
2658:
2640:
2614:
2572:. Mindfully.org. Archived from
2561:
2550:
2522:
2504:
2490:
2470:
2444:
2387:
2361:
2305:
2284:Hakim, Danny (August 1, 2018).
2236:
2221:
2167:
2142:
2116:
2090:
2064:
2032:
2006:
1980:
1954:
1925:
1905:AnaĂŻs Moutot (March 28, 2019).
1873:
1851:
1820:
1783:
1762:
1539:
1451:
1243:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309
1061:
1045:. March 4, 2013. Archived from
717:Pesticides in the United States
529:
3020:the main ingredient in Roundup
2458:. Bloomberg News. May 13, 2019
2040:"IARC Monograph on Glyphosate"
947:
868:
835:
807:
779:
753:
742:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
217:
173:US Patent and Trademark Office
1:
2123:Egelko, Bob (July 21, 2020).
1832:(Announcements and Schedules)
747:
615:Falsification of test results
491:secondary or tertiary sources
1429:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31824b936c
1199:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.015
732:Health effects of pesticides
672:glyphosate-resistant soybean
640:court ruling that regulator
447:), classified glyphosate in
278:polyethoxylated tallow amine
235:Polyethoxylated tallow amine
195:polyethoxylated tallow amine
101:Polyethoxylated tallow amine
7:
1961:Stempel (August 16, 2024).
1827:OCSPP (December 18, 2017).
875:Jack Kaskey (May 1, 2019).
710:
161:glyphosate-based herbicides
10:
3074:
1987:Feeley (August 16, 2024).
1664:Journal of Applied Ecology
1517:10.1177/096032719101000101
901:Nebraska Turfgrass Science
737:Integrated pest management
655:
335:
165:Scotts Miracle-Gro Company
18:
2833:Duke, Stephen O. (2018).
2208:The Sydney Morning Herald
1738:10.1007/s00204-017-1962-5
1150:. University of Florida.
132:
124:
107:
96:
88:
80:
75:
67:
57:
47:
42:
33:
2993:University of California
2954:National Geographic News
2924:National Geographic News
540:multidistrict litigation
458:
434:statistical significance
283:
2839:Pest Management Science
2763:. Monsanto. June 2005.
2129:San Francisco Chronicle
1677:10.1111/1365-2664.13867
1187:Environmental Pollution
381:
325:photocontact dermatitis
318:ventricular arrhythmias
2404:. Louisville, Kentucky
1726:Archives of Toxicology
1474:10.1006/rtph.1999.1371
1075:. Penn State Extension
557:non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
478:relies excessively on
202:genetically engineered
108:Main active ingredient
2103:National Public Radio
1861:. EPA. pp. 12â13
1800:Thousand Oaks, Calif.
1337:Toxicological Reviews
3046:Endocrine disruptors
2986:âMonsanto's Roundupâ
2518:. December 19, 2019.
2486:. December 18, 2019.
1229:. 616â617: 255â268.
1031:. December 23, 2023.
996:on December 24, 2023
551:On August 10, 2018,
300:and less toxic than
68:Introduced to market
43:Manufacturing status
2896:. January 8, 1996.
2894:Wall Street Journal
2430:The Washington Post
2401:The Courier-Journal
1698:on February 6, 2017
1580:. August 11, 2016.
1235:2018ScTEn.616..255V
823:. November 19, 2009
626:Craven Laboratories
413:European Commission
294:synergistic effects
30:
3056:1976 introductions
3029:2002-09-19 at the
2960:on August 13, 2018
2930:on August 13, 2018
2814:. January 15, 2019
2788:. January 16, 2019
2628:. October 15, 2009
2602:. Associated Press
2291:The New York Times
2265:on August 17, 2018
2020:. October 30, 2019
1101:on October 7, 2015
982:The New York Times
182:of Roundup is the
28:
2345:. San Francisco:
2183:. August 11, 2018
2155:. August 11, 2018
2097:Sullivan, Emily.
1942:. August 15, 2024
1813:978-1-4129-6987-1
1193:(11): 2903â2927.
1073:extension.psu.edu
1049:on April 14, 2016
767:on April 23, 2008
648:, based in Lyon.
624:in the 1970s and
595:False advertising
571:In January 2019,
519:
518:
511:
419:, and the German
180:active ingredient
146:
145:
3063:
3014:
3013:
3011:Official website
2973:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2854:
2845:(5): 1027â1034.
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2565:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2261:. Archived from
2240:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2078:. March 14, 2018
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1732:(8): 2723â2743.
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1670:(6): 1167â1176.
1655:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1620:10.1002/etc.2268
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1567:
1559:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:10.3390/f8060208
1378:
1369:
1368:
1332:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1178:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1128:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
992:. Archived from
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
924:
913:
912:
910:
908:
898:
890:
881:
880:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
852:. Archived from
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
757:
514:
507:
503:
500:
494:
471:
463:
371:oxidative stress
142:
139:
38:
31:
27:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3036:
3035:
3031:Wayback Machine
3009:
3008:
3005:
2981:
2979:Further reading
2976:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2852:10.1002/ps.4652
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2576:on July 6, 2009
2568:mindfully.org.
2566:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2318:People magazine
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1804:SAGE Publishing
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1614:(8): 1688â700.
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1501:
1497:
1456:
1452:
1412:
1408:
1379:
1372:
1333:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1223:
1214:
1179:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1123:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1022:
1009:
999:
997:
974:
970:
960:
958:
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
925:
916:
906:
904:
896:
892:
891:
884:
873:
869:
859:
857:
856:on July 3, 2009
840:
836:
826:
824:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
784:
780:
770:
768:
759:
758:
754:
750:
713:
679:for crops like
660:
654:
634:
617:
597:
553:Dewayne Johnson
532:
515:
504:
498:
495:
488:
484:primary sources
472:
461:
401:carcinogenicity
396:
394:Carcinogenicity
384:
338:
306:pulmonary edema
286:
270:
220:
136:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3034:
3033:
3021:
3015:
3004:
3003:External links
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2941:
2911:
2881:
2825:
2799:
2773:
2745:
2733:New York Times
2719:
2705:
2682:
2670:www.law360.com
2657:
2639:
2613:
2587:
2560:
2549:
2521:
2503:
2489:
2469:
2443:
2415:
2386:
2360:
2331:
2304:
2276:
2235:
2220:
2194:
2166:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2076:Bloomberg News
2063:
2031:
2018:Bloomberg News
2005:
1979:
1953:
1924:
1897:
1872:
1850:
1819:
1812:
1782:
1761:
1709:
1683:
1650:
1641:
1598:
1549:
1538:
1495:
1468:(2): 117â165.
1450:
1406:
1370:
1316:
1290:
1264:
1212:
1168:
1129:
1112:
1086:
1060:
1034:
1007:
968:
946:
914:
882:
867:
834:
806:
778:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
712:
709:
656:Main article:
653:
650:
633:
630:
616:
613:
596:
593:
580:Vince Chhabria
531:
528:
517:
516:
475:
473:
466:
460:
457:
395:
392:
383:
380:
337:
334:
310:kidney failure
285:
282:
269:
268:Acute toxicity
266:
219:
216:
184:isopropylamine
144:
143:
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:Mode of action
122:
121:
112:Isopropylamine
109:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3069:
3068:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2738:September 20,
2734:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2693:
2686:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2537:
2536:
2535:Westlaw Today
2531:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2457:
2456:Bloomberg.com
2453:
2447:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2419:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1865:September 24,
1860:
1854:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:(3): 159â67.
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
957:. Cdpr.ca.gov
956:
950:
934:
933:MSU Extension
930:
923:
921:
919:
902:
895:
889:
887:
878:
871:
855:
851:
850:
845:
838:
822:
821:
820:The Economist
816:
810:
795:
794:
789:
782:
766:
762:
756:
752:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
669:
665:
659:
658:Roundup Ready
649:
647:
643:
639:
632:Ban in France
629:
627:
623:
612:
609:
605:
601:
592:
588:
584:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:San Francisco
558:
554:
549:
547:
546:
541:
537:
527:
523:
513:
510:
502:
499:December 2023
492:
486:
485:
481:
476:This section
474:
470:
465:
464:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
391:
389:
379:
375:
372:
368:
367:metamorphosis
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
333:
329:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
281:
279:
275:
265:
264:
260:
256:
255:sulfentrazone
252:
248:
244:
238:
236:
232:
229:
225:
215:
211:
209:
208:
207:Roundup Ready
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
176:
174:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
141:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:(most common)
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2969:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:the original
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:the original
2923:
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2893:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2842:
2838:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2811:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2785:
2776:
2761:Backgrounder
2760:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2578:. Retrieved
2574:the original
2563:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2492:
2481:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2428:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2399:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2322:. Retrieved
2316:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2289:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2263:the original
2248:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2152:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2066:
2056:September 4,
2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1993:Blomberg Law
1992:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1910:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1885:oehha.ca.gov
1884:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1835:
1822:
1795:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1764:
1729:
1725:
1702:November 28,
1700:. Retrieved
1696:the original
1686:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1573:
1569:
1563:"Glyphosate"
1541:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1423:(3): 234â7.
1420:
1416:
1409:
1390:
1386:
1340:
1336:
1308:, retrieved
1299:
1293:
1282:, retrieved
1273:
1267:
1226:
1190:
1186:
1159:. Retrieved
1103:. Retrieved
1099:the original
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1037:
1028:
998:. Retrieved
994:the original
981:
971:
959:. Retrieved
949:
937:. Retrieved
932:
905:. Retrieved
900:
879:. Bloomberg.
870:
858:. Retrieved
854:the original
847:
837:
827:November 20,
825:. Retrieved
818:
809:
797:. Retrieved
791:
781:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
755:
661:
635:
618:
610:
606:
602:
598:
589:
585:
577:
570:
566:ghostwriting
550:
544:
533:
530:Cancer cases
524:
520:
505:
496:
477:
438:
397:
385:
376:
363:
339:
330:
322:
290:concentrated
287:
271:
239:
233:
221:
212:
205:
199:
177:
169:
148:
147:
48:Manufacturer
25:
2818:January 16,
2792:January 16,
2632:October 16,
2606:October 14,
2542:December 1,
2324:December 8,
2297:October 13,
2024:October 31,
1913:(in French)
1890:January 21,
415:, Canadian
351:crustaceans
314:bradycardia
274:lethal dose
218:Composition
81:Agriculture
3051:Herbicides
3040:Categories
2934:August 13,
2904:August 12,
2874:August 20,
2580:August 22,
2269:August 18,
2250:The Nation
2213:August 18,
2187:August 11,
2159:August 17,
2082:August 17,
1998:August 17,
1972:August 17,
1946:August 17,
1843:August 18,
1775:August 18,
1511:(1): 1â8.
1393:(6): 208.
1310:August 20,
1284:August 20,
1161:August 13,
1105:August 19,
1079:August 15,
1053:August 19,
961:August 22,
939:January 9,
907:January 9,
799:August 17,
771:August 22,
748:References
701:sweet corn
689:cantaloupe
677:California
555:, who has
480:references
388:bumblebees
259:penoxsulam
247:quinclorac
191:surfactant
119:glyphosate
97:Surfactant
92:properties
21:glyphosate
2786:France 24
2694:. Reuters
2675:March 30,
2259:0027-8378
1917:March 30,
1911:Les Echos
1251:0048-9697
990:0362-4331
425:genotoxic
298:vitamin A
224:adjuvants
178:The main
90:Herbicide
62:Herbicide
3027:Archived
2964:July 13,
2898:Archived
2861:28643882
2765:Archived
2698:June 21,
2652:Le Monde
2626:BBC News
2483:CBS News
2436:July 27,
2408:July 29,
2379:July 29,
2353:July 27,
2180:BBC News
2134:March 3,
2108:July 29,
2050:Archived
1756:28374158
1636:36417341
1628:23637092
1591:July 31,
1582:Archived
1490:19831028
1482:10854122
1437:22835958
1357:15862083
1259:29117584
1207:19500891
1152:Archived
1000:June 25,
860:July 11,
711:See also
664:paraquat
449:Group 2A
343:protozoa
214:cancer.
155:, which
153:Monsanto
76:Purposes
2869:4408706
2812:Reuters
2516:Reuters
2462:May 14,
2347:KPIX-TV
2153:Reuters
1967:Reuters
1747:5515989
1533:8028945
1525:1673618
1445:3457850
1387:Forests
1365:5636017
1231:Bibcode
1029:Reuters
542:called
347:mussels
336:Aquatic
302:aspirin
251:dicamba
228:wetting
149:Roundup
138:roundup
133:Website
29:Roundup
2867:
2859:
2257:
1837:US EPA
1810:
1754:
1744:
1634:
1626:
1531:
1523:
1488:
1480:
1443:
1435:
1363:
1355:
1257:
1249:
1205:
988:
849:Forbes
705:citrus
703:, and
697:cherry
681:almond
668:diquat
573:Costco
261:, and
253:, and
193:POEA (
2865:S2CID
2768:(PDF)
2757:(PDF)
1936:(PDF)
1632:S2CID
1585:(PDF)
1566:(PDF)
1529:S2CID
1486:S2CID
1441:S2CID
1361:S2CID
1304:(PDF)
1278:(PDF)
1155:(PDF)
1148:(PDF)
897:(PDF)
693:onion
685:peach
642:ANSES
459:Legal
355:frogs
284:Human
263:2,4-D
157:Bayer
52:Bayer
2966:2020
2936:2018
2906:2018
2876:2018
2857:PMID
2820:2019
2794:2019
2740:2018
2700:2023
2677:2020
2634:2009
2608:2018
2582:2010
2544:2021
2464:2019
2438:2019
2410:2019
2381:2019
2355:2019
2326:2019
2299:2018
2271:2018
2255:ISSN
2215:2018
2189:2018
2161:2018
2136:2021
2110:2019
2084:2018
2058:2023
2026:2019
2000:2024
1974:2024
1948:2024
1919:2019
1892:2024
1867:2019
1845:2018
1808:ISBN
1777:2018
1752:PMID
1704:2017
1624:PMID
1593:2019
1521:PMID
1478:PMID
1433:PMID
1353:PMID
1312:2018
1286:2018
1255:PMID
1247:ISSN
1203:PMID
1163:2018
1107:2022
1081:2018
1055:2022
1002:2020
986:ISSN
963:2010
941:2024
909:2024
862:2009
829:2009
801:2018
773:2010
666:and
646:IARC
638:Lyon
536:IARC
453:IARC
445:IARC
382:Bees
359:fish
357:and
316:and
272:The
243:MCPA
187:salt
140:.com
115:salt
71:1976
58:Type
2847:doi
2374:NPR
1742:PMC
1734:doi
1672:doi
1616:doi
1574:112
1513:doi
1470:doi
1425:doi
1395:doi
1345:doi
1239:doi
1195:doi
1191:157
793:NPR
482:to
409:WHO
405:FAO
197:).
117:of
3042::
2968:.
2952:.
2922:.
2892:.
2863:.
2855:.
2843:74
2841:.
2837:.
2810:.
2784:.
2759:.
2731:.
2668:.
2624:.
2590:^
2532:.
2514:.
2480:.
2454:.
2427:.
2398:.
2372:.
2334:^
2315:.
2288:.
2253:.
2247:.
2206:.
2177:.
2127:.
2101:.
2074:.
2048:.
2042:.
2016:.
1991:.
1965:.
1938:.
1909:.
1883:.
1834:.
1806:.
1802::
1798:.
1794:.
1750:.
1740:.
1730:91
1728:.
1724:.
1712:^
1668:58
1666:.
1662:.
1630:.
1622:.
1612:32
1610:.
1576:.
1572:.
1568:.
1552:^
1527:.
1519:.
1509:10
1507:.
1484:.
1476:.
1466:31
1464:.
1439:.
1431:.
1421:33
1419:.
1389:.
1385:.
1373:^
1359:.
1351:.
1341:23
1339:.
1319:^
1253:.
1245:.
1237:.
1215:^
1201:.
1189:.
1185:.
1171:^
1132:^
1115:^
1071:.
1027:.
1010:^
984:.
980:.
931:.
917:^
899:.
885:^
846:.
817:.
790:.
699:,
695:,
691:,
687:,
683:,
568:.
548:.
353:,
349:,
345:,
320:.
257:,
249:,
245:,
2938:.
2908:.
2878:.
2849::
2822:.
2796:.
2742:.
2702:.
2679:.
2636:.
2610:.
2584:.
2546:.
2500:.
2466:.
2440:.
2412:.
2383:.
2357:.
2328:.
2301:.
2273:.
2217:.
2191:.
2163:.
2138:.
2112:.
2086:.
2060:.
2028:.
2002:.
1976:.
1950:.
1921:.
1894:.
1869:.
1847:.
1816:.
1779:.
1758:.
1736::
1706:.
1680:.
1674::
1638:.
1618::
1595:.
1535:.
1515::
1492:.
1472::
1447:.
1427::
1403:.
1397::
1391:8
1367:.
1347::
1261:.
1241::
1233::
1209:.
1197::
1165:.
1109:.
1083:.
1057:.
1004:.
965:.
943:.
911:.
864:.
831:.
803:.
775:.
512:)
506:(
501:)
497:(
493:.
487:.
443:(
407:/
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
