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306:) though they continued to be known as Roundheads. The longer hair was more common among the "Independent" and "high-ranking" Puritans, which included Cromwell, especially toward the end of the Protectorate, while the "Presbyterian" (non-Independent) faction, and the military rank and file, continued to abhor long hair. By the end of that period, some Independent Puritans were again derisively using the term Roundhead to refer to the Presbyterian Puritans.
679:
200:
it was a punishable offence to call a fellow soldier a
Roundhead. This contrasted with "Cavalier", a word used to describe supporters of the Royalist cause, but which also started out as a pejorative term. The first proponents used it to compare members of the Royalist party with Spanish
243:
quotes a contemporary authority's description of the crowd that gathered there: "They had the hair of their heads very few of them longer than their ears, whereupon it came to pass that those who usually with their cries attended at
Westminster were by a nickname called
255:, the word was first used on 27 December 1641 by a disbanded officer named David Hide. During a riot, Hide is reported to have drawn his sword and said he would "cut the throat of those round-headed dogs that bawled against bishops"; however,
302:
made a statute in 1636 instructing all clergy to wear short hair, many
Puritans rebelled to show their contempt for his authority and began to grow their hair even longer (as can be seen on
248:". The demonstrators included London apprentices, for whom Roundhead was a term of derision, because the regulations which they had agreed to included a provision for closely cropped hair.
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Some
Puritans (but by no means all of them) wore their hair closely cropped round the head or flat. There was thus an obvious contrast between them and the men of
209:. However, unlike Roundhead, Cavalier was later embraced by those who were the target of the epithet and used by them to describe themselves.
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228:"Roundheads" appears to have been first used as a term of derision toward the end of 1641, when the debates in Parliament in the
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122:
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129:; however, this party was outmanoeuvred by the more politically adept Cromwell and his radicals, who had the backing of the
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Historical
Memorials Relating to the Independents Or Congregationalists: From Their Rise to the Restoration of the Monarchy
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Religious
Thought in England, from the Reformation to the End of Last Century; A Contribution to the History of Theology
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grew to be received in discourse, ... they who were looked upon as servants to the king being then called
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were almost invariably
Roundhead supporters, as were many smaller religious groups such as the
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in 1649, public antipathy towards the king was high enough to allow republican leaders such as
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169:
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55:
30:
This article is about the
Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. For other uses, see
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328:", an Irish term introduced by their opponents that was also initially a pejorative term.
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and took advantage of
Charles' perceived betrayal of England in his alliance with the
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82:. The goal of the Roundheads was to give to Parliament the supreme control over
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279:, remarked on the matter, "and from those contestations the two terms of
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703:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 772.
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remained in use to describe those with republican tendencies until the
291:, and the other of the rabble contemned and despised under the name of
160:. Roundhead political factions included the proto-anarchist/socialist
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
271:, she asked who the roundheaded man was. The principal advisor to
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558:. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 105.
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ascribes the origin of the term to a remark made by Queen
371:"Monarchy versus Parliament: England in the 17th century"
117:
The
Roundhead commander-in-chief of the first Civil War,
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152:. However, a number of Roundheads were members of the
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The History of England from the Accession of James II
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who had abused Dutch Protestants during the reign of
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to abolish the monarchy completely and establish the
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Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme
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438:
457:
216:A Roundhead inquisitor asks a son of a Cavalier, "
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316:of 1678–1681, when the term was superseded by "
102:sought by Charles; however, at the end of the
592:. Vol. 2. General Books LLC. p. 5.
27:Parliament supporter in the English Civil War
192:. During the war and for a time afterwards,
390:"Oliver Cromwell: a Scottish perspective"
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263:, the wife of Charles I, at the trial of
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426:Professor John Morrill (February 2011).
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265:Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
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218:And when did you last see your father?
123:Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester
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552:Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1856).
196:was a term of derision, and in the
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277:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
267:, earlier that year. Referring to
180:Origins and background of the term
127:Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
74:or Royalists, who claimed rule by
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580:. Vol. 3. pp. 118, 635.
164:, the diverse group known as the
70:and his supporters, known as the
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653:The English Civil Wars 1640–1660
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43:A Roundhead as portrayed by
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66:, they fought against King
62:(1642–1651). Also known as
54:were the supporters of the
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32:Roundhead (disambiguation)
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655:. London: Penguin Books.
409:"The Engagement, 1647–48"
78:and the principle of the
500:History of the Rebellion
394:The Cromwell Association
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222:William Frederick Yeames
86:of the country/kingdom.
84:executive administration
700:Encyclopædia Britannica
629:Roberts, Chris (2006).
239:Encyclopædia Britannica
112:Commonwealth of England
96:constitutional monarchy
94:Most Roundheads sought
485:Historical Collections
232:were causing riots at
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728:Parliament of England
614:. London: Constable.
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170:apocalyptic Christian
80:divine right of kings
56:Parliament of England
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526:, pp. 118, 635.
502:, volume IV. p. 121.
137:against Parliament.
68:Charles I of England
633:. Thorndike Press.
324:was replaced with "
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723:English Civil War
662:978-0-14-100694-9
621:978-0-09461-230-3
599:978-1-150-98096-1
574:Hanbury, Benjamin
428:"Oliver Cromwell"
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174:Fifth Monarchists
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234:Westminster
207:Elizabeth I
188:, who wore
58:during the
47:(1839–1893)
45:John Pettie
718:Roundheads
712:Categories
586:Hunt, John
546:References
293:Roundheads
273:Charles II
246:Roundheads
203:Caballeros
52:Roundheads
18:Roundheads
695:Roundhead
588:(2010) .
512:Hunt 2010
310:Roundhead
289:Cavaliers
281:Roundhead
194:Roundhead
166:Levellers
158:Cavaliers
72:Cavaliers
651:(2009).
610:(1976).
576:(1844).
322:Cavalier
285:Cavalier
269:John Pym
168:and the
142:Puritans
135:Scottish
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162:Diggers
90:Beliefs
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236:. The
224:(1878)
125:, and
332:Notes
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560:ISBN
326:Tory
318:Whig
283:and
144:and
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