266:
2427:
486:
51:
596:
Rosetta 2's performance has been praised greatly. In some benchmarks, x86-64-only programs performed better under
Rosetta 2 on a Mac with an Apple M1 SOC than natively on a Mac with an Intel x86-64 processor. One of the key reasons why Rosetta 2 provides such a high level of translation efficiency is
394:
instructions. Although most commercial software for PowerPC-based Macs was compatible with these requirements (G4 systems were still widely used at the time), any applications that relied on G5-specific instructions had to be modified by their developers to work on
Rosetta-supported Intel-based Macs.
627:
can make use of
Rosetta 2 to run x86-64 code compiled for Linux, within the virtual machine. Rosetta 2 works as a runtime binary, which is required to be installed on the guest operating system. There have been instances of developers installing this runtime binary on third-party hardware, provided
607:
Similar to the first version, Rosetta 2 does not normally require user intervention. When a user attempts to launch an x86-64-only application for the first time, macOS prompts them to install
Rosetta 2 if it is not already available. Subsequent launches of x86-64 programs will execute via
240:. This means that the nanokernel is able to intercept PowerPC interrupts, translate them to 68k interrupts (then doing a mixed mode switch, if necessary), and then execute 68k code to handle the interrupts. This allows 68k and PowerPC code to be interspersed within the same
636:
instruction set; the memory ordering will be different from native x86. Some developers have noted that it might violate macOS's licensing agreements, since the runtime is bundled within Apple's
Virtualization framework.
937:
875:
2477:
363:, and launches as needed with no notification of the user, which led Apple to describe Rosetta as "the most amazing software you'll never see". Rosetta is optionally installable in
853:
463:
Java applets in
Rosetta-translated applications, meaning that a native Intel web browser application, rather than a legacy PowerPC version, must be used to load Java applets
1006:
It translates the apps when you install them, so they can launch immediately and can be instantly responsive. Rosetta 2 can also translate code on the fly when needed.
1163:
1044:
374:
Because of the greater architectural differences between Intel and PowerPC processors, Rosetta operates at a higher level than the 68000 emulator does, as a
17:
1019:
948:
886:
608:
translation automatically. An option also exists to force a universal binary to run as x86-64 code through
Rosetta 2, even on an ARM-based machine.
265:
2452:
520:
1215:
593:(AOT), with the x86-64 code fully translated, just once, when an application without a universal binary is installed on an Apple silicon Mac.
1240:
712:
300:
843:
217:. Each instruction set architecture is incompatible with its predecessor, necessitating a transition plan based on a software layer to
1288:
582:
to install the program directly, or by trying to open an application compiled for x86-64, which will open an installation window.
236:
and later. This emulator uses PowerPC features and is embedded at the lowest levels of the operating system, integrated with the
787:
762:
2185:
326:
1901:
546:
340:
255:
148:
911:
2457:
132:. It enables a transition to newer hardware, by automatically translating software. The name is a reference to the
96:
117:
2065:
1896:
1326:
564:
475:
171:
604:
Although
Rosetta 2 works for most software, some software does not work at all or is reported to be "sluggish".
1570:
194:
813:
399:) would be best suited to use with Rosetta, and applications with high computational needs (such as games,
280:
156:
129:
1268:
648:
instructions from Intel processors in order to improve compatibility for games being ported using Apple's
2310:
2160:
1951:
1356:
598:
2467:
1749:
1278:
2372:
2170:
590:
1189:
975:"Apple announces Mac architecture transition from Intel to its own ARM chips, offers emulation path"
837:
835:
1966:
1856:
1085:
586:
360:
319:
35:
31:
1137:
2315:
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2245:
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2012:
1876:
832:
505:
407:) would not. Pre-existing PowerPC versions of Apple "Pro" media-production applications (such as
395:
Apple advised that applications with heavy user interaction but low computational needs (such as
411:, Motion, Aperture, and Logic Pro) are not supported by Rosetta and require a "crossgrade" to a
2472:
2250:
2200:
1744:
1690:
1580:
624:
539:
661:
2075:
2017:
1727:
1585:
1431:
1351:
1346:
1045:"Yeah, Apple's M1 MacBook Pro is powerful, but it's the battery life that will blow you away"
675:
457:
364:
198:
1881:
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applications to run on Intel-based Mac computers without modification. Rosetta is based on
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8:
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2007:
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423:
101:
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601:
in the Apple M1 SOC. The SOC also has dedicated instructions for computing x86 flags.
499:
2397:
2300:
2290:
2055:
1941:
1931:
1911:
1825:
1795:
1765:
1680:
1620:
1600:
1555:
1488:
532:
237:
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1976:
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1426:
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446:
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73:
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2002:
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1665:
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671:
567:. The software permits many applications compiled exclusively for execution on
396:
344:
144:
371:(released in 2011) or later, which therefore cannot run PowerPC applications.
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2367:
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453:
408:
368:
214:
179:
167:
160:
133:
1216:"Apple will allow Linux VMs to run Intel apps with Rosetta in macOS Ventura"
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2175:
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1997:
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program that can only intercept and emulate user-level code. It translates
356:
1110:
2240:
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2115:
2105:
2080:
2070:
1660:
1605:
763:"Apple is switching Macs to its own processors starting later this year"
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2155:
2140:
2125:
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1635:
1625:
391:
383:
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241:
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66:
61:
694:– combined Intel/ARM applications that run natively on both processors
688:– combined PPC/Intel applications that run natively on both processors
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2180:
2150:
2130:
2110:
1981:
1926:
1886:
1675:
1447:
716:
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190:
664:– combined 68k/PPC applications that run natively on both processors
571:-based processors to be translated for execution on Apple silicon.
2100:
1770:
1712:
1595:
1383:
1241:"Virtualization - Running Intel Binaries in Linux VMs with Rosetta"
1020:"Everything you need to know about Rosetta 2 on Apple Silicon Macs"
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ARM flag-manipulation extensions... Apple's secret extension...
568:
437:
Code that inserts preferences into the System
Preferences pane
2402:
2351:
1815:
1805:
1736:
1335:
620:
367:"Snow Leopard". Rosetta is neither included nor supported in
210:
125:
88:
83:
78:
30:
For other software products or projects named "Rosetta", see
1702:
791:
645:
159:
Macs. Support for
Rosetta was dropped with the release of
149:
Mac transition from PowerPC processors to Intel processors
2330:
629:
559:
In 2020, Apple announced Rosetta 2 would be bundled with
348:
206:
175:
2478:
Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
1304:
1298:
1004:. Apple Inc. June 22, 2020. Event occurs at 1h39m37s.
945:
Universal Binary Programming Guidelines, Second Edition
883:
Universal Binary Programming Guidelines, Second Edition
415:
version to work on Rosetta-supported Intel-based Macs.
128:, an application compatibility layer between different
1071:"Analyzing the memory ordering models of the Apple M1"
844:"Mac OS X Lion drops Front Row, Java runtime, Rosetta"
347:"Tiger", the version that was released with the first
172:
Mac transition from Intel processors to Apple silicon
644:, Rosetta 2 has been updated to support translating
440:
Applications that require precise exception handling
221:
the previous instruction set on the succeeding one.
143:
The first version of Rosetta, introduced in 2006 in
1164:"Use Office for Mac with Rosetta and Apple silicon"
841:
713:"Running Intel Binaries in Linux VMs with Rosetta"
1190:"Apple offers improved Linux support in macOS 13"
756:
754:
2444:
1301: – Rosetta 2 compatibility index
166:Rosetta 2, introduced in 2020 as a component of
788:"The brains behind Apple's Rosetta: Transitive"
751:
574:There are two ways to install Rosetta 2 on an
1320:
540:
418:Rosetta also does not support the following:
320:
589:(JIT) translation support, Rosetta 2 offers
136:, the artifact which enabled translation of
1327:
1313:
1213:
547:
533:
327:
313:
49:
842:AppleInsider Staff (February 26, 2011).
339:Apple launched Rosetta in 2006 upon the
1108:
1083:
739:"Core Duo iMacs debut speedy new chips"
456:applications or Java applications with
14:
2453:MacOS-only software made by Apple Inc.
2445:
1187:
806:
760:
1308:
1017:
193:has used CPUs with several different
18:Rosetta (binary translation software)
972:
736:
662:Fat binary § Apple's fat binary
449:and applications that depend on them
1214:Cunningham, Andrew (June 7, 2022).
856:from the original on April 29, 2014
460:libraries that cannot be translated
55:Microsoft Word for PowerPC on Intel
24:
1285: (archived September 14, 2008)
1018:Evans, Jonny (November 19, 2020).
341:Mac transition to Intel processors
25:
2489:
1262:
1109:Carlton, Sam (December 8, 2020).
343:from PowerPC. It was embedded in
2426:
2425:
1295: (archived February 8, 2006)
973:Mayo, Benjamin (June 22, 2020).
737:Norr, Henry (January 27, 2006).
484:
264:
2066:Apple Push Notification service
1279:Transitive Corporation web site
1275: (archived January 7, 2011)
1233:
1207:
1181:
1156:
1130:
1102:
1084:Dougall, J (November 9, 2022).
1077:
1063:
1037:
1011:
992:
966:
565:Mac transition to Apple silicon
930:
904:
868:
780:
730:
705:
13:
1:
1188:Proven, Liam (June 9, 2022).
761:Warren, Tom (June 22, 2020).
698:
351:-based Macs, and allows many
195:instruction set architectures
185:
130:instruction set architectures
467:
7:
2311:System Integrity Protection
1289:Rosetta compatibility index
1138:"r/mac - Apps on Rosetta 2"
655:
632:that supports at least the
10:
2494:
247:
29:
27:Operating system component
2422:denote upcoming products.
2415:
2360:
2344:
2041:
2030:
1990:
1852:
1845:
1788:
1758:
1735:
1726:
1543:
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1440:
1382:
1375:
1342:
1334:
938:"What Can Be Translated?"
591:ahead-of-time compilation
578:Mac: either by using the
118:dynamic binary translator
95:
72:
60:
48:
2458:MacOS emulation software
1086:"Why is Rosetta 2 fast?"
912:"Universal Applications"
521:Developer Transition Kit
361:graphical user interface
301:Developer Transition Kit
36:Rosetta (disambiguation)
32:Rosetta Stone (software)
2316:Uniform Type Identifier
2013:Remote Install Mac OS X
1877:Bluetooth File Exchange
947:. Apple. Archived from
914:. Apple. Archived from
885:. Apple. Archived from
816:. Apple. Archived from
670:– a similar feature in
506:ARM architecture family
178:applications to run on
155:applications to run on
2201:Grand Central Dispatch
1269:Apple Rosetta Web site
1111:"ThatGuySam/doesitarm"
625:guest operating system
597:the support of x86-64
428:non-Carbon application
390:instructions, but not
359:technology. It has no
1168:support.microsoft.com
852:. AppleInsider, Inc.
199:Motorola 68000 series
81:10.4.4–10.6.8 (Intel)
650:Game Porting Toolkit
369:Mac OS X Lion (10.7)
161:Mac OS X Lion (10.7)
138:Egyptian hieroglyphs
2383:Classic Environment
1952:Migration Assistant
1907:Digital Color Meter
1789:Former Applications
1651:Notification Center
1144:. November 29, 2020
1051:. November 17, 2020
820:on January 13, 2006
628:that it includes a
585:In addition to the
424:Classic environment
224:With the launch of
45:
2031:Technologies &
2008:ODBC Administrator
1967:System Information
1453:10.8 Mountain Lion
692:Universal 2 binary
511:Universal 2 binary
147:, was part of the
102:Binary translation
86:11.0–present (ARM)
43:
2468:PowerPC emulators
2440:
2439:
2411:
2410:
2056:Apple File System
2026:
2025:
1912:Directory Utility
1841:
1840:
1784:
1783:
1766:Interface Builder
1544:Core Applications
1532:
1531:
1489:10.13 High Sierra
1432:10.6 Snow Leopard
954:on August 3, 2012
892:on August 3, 2012
557:
556:
476:Mac transition to
447:Kernel extensions
337:
336:
256:Mac transition to
238:Mac OS nanokernel
170:, is part of the
111:
110:
16:(Redirected from
2485:
2429:
2428:
2321:Universal binary
2039:
2038:
1977:Universal Access
1917:DiskImageMounter
1872:Audio MIDI Setup
1857:Activity Monitor
1850:
1849:
1733:
1732:
1676:Quicktime Player
1541:
1540:
1468:10.11 El Capitan
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1379:
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1001:WWDC2020 Keynote
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918:on March 3, 2016
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686:Universal binary
678:instructions to
674:that translates
668:Mac 68k emulator
617:virtual machines
615:, users running
563:, to aid in the
549:
542:
535:
488:
472:
471:
413:universal binary
345:Mac OS X v10.4.4
329:
322:
315:
286:Universal binary
268:
258:Intel processors
252:
251:
230:Mac 68K emulator
74:Operating system
53:
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21:
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2356:
2340:
2296:Speakable items
2266:Preference Pane
2246:Mission Control
2136:Core Foundation
2032:
2022:
2018:Software Update
2003:Network Utility
1986:
1962:System Settings
1947:Keychain Access
1867:Archive Utility
1862:AirPort Utility
1837:
1780:
1776:Quartz Composer
1754:
1728:Developer Tools
1722:
1691:version history
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1371:
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1293:Wayback Machine
1283:Wayback Machine
1273:Wayback Machine
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599:memory ordering
553:
477:
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426:, and thus any
397:word processors
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257:
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226:Power Macintosh
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1902:Crash Reporter
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1581:Control Center
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1499:10.15 Catalina
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1463:10.10 Yosemite
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1458:10.9 Mavericks
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1263:External links
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794:. June 8, 2005
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672:classic Mac OS
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182:-based Macs.
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168:macOS Big Sur
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134:Rosetta Stone
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2361:Discontinued
2285:
2216:Kernel panic
2086:AVFoundation
1991:Discontinued
1922:Disk Utility
1892:Configurator
1759:Former tools
1718:Time Machine
1537:Applications
1494:10.14 Mojave
1484:10.12 Sierra
1427:10.5 Leopard
1417:10.3 Panther
1402:10.0 Cheetah
1352:Architecture
1299:Does it ARM?
1248:. Retrieved
1244:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1220:Ars Technica
1219:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1194:The Register
1193:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1141:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1114:
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1048:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:
1005:
1000:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
958:September 5,
956:. Retrieved
949:the original
944:
932:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
906:
896:September 5,
894:. Retrieved
887:the original
882:
870:
860:February 27,
858:. Retrieved
849:AppleInsider
847:
824:September 5,
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
808:
796:. Retrieved
782:
770:. Retrieved
766:
742:
732:
720:. Retrieved
707:
682:instructions
639:
610:
606:
603:
595:
587:just-in-time
584:
573:
558:
417:
373:
357:QuickTransit
338:
295:
281:Architecture
234:System 7.1.2
223:
189:
165:
142:
113:
112:
62:Developer(s)
40:
2251:Night Shift
2146:Core OpenGL
2116:Command key
2081:Audio Units
2071:AppleScript
1932:Help Viewer
1745:Instruments
1661:Photo Booth
1606:Game Center
1509:12 Monterey
1412:10.2 Jaguar
1397:Public Beta
1148:December 8,
1122:December 8,
1055:December 8,
1029:December 8,
232:is part of
174:, allowing
157:Intel-based
151:, allowing
2447:Categories
2345:Deprecated
2281:Quick Look
2261:Option key
2236:Menu extra
2196:Gatekeeper
2191:Foundation
2166:Cover Flow
2156:Core Video
2141:Core Image
2126:Core Audio
2061:Apple menu
1591:DVD Player
1586:Dictionary
1561:Calculator
1524:15 Sequoia
1514:13 Ventura
1504:11 Big Sur
1422:10.4 Tiger
1392:Server 1.0
1250:January 6,
1225:January 6,
1199:January 6,
1091:August 15,
1049:TechCrunch
798:January 9,
699:References
434:or earlier
430:built for
376:user-level
242:fat binary
186:Background
122:Apple Inc.
67:Apple Inc.
2393:QuickTime
2301:Spotlight
2181:FileVault
2151:Core Text
2131:Core Data
2111:ColorSync
1982:VoiceOver
1942:Installer
1927:Font Book
1887:ColorSync
1882:Boot Camp
1846:Utilities
1801:Front Row
1796:Dashboard
1750:FileMerge
1698:Shortcuts
1681:Reminders
1621:Launchpad
1556:Automator
1551:App Store
1519:14 Sonoma
1448:10.7 Lion
1407:10.1 Puma
922:August 5,
876:"Rosetta"
814:"Rosetta"
767:The Verge
722:August 7,
717:Apple Inc
634:ARMv8.2-A
516:Rosetta 2
468:Rosetta 2
405:Photoshop
291:Boot Camp
191:Macintosh
163:in 2011.
106:emulation
2432:Category
2221:Keychain
2101:CloudKit
1972:Terminal
1833:Sherlock
1771:Dashcode
1713:TextEdit
1708:Stickies
1656:Podcasts
1631:Messages
1596:FaceTime
1576:Contacts
1566:Calendar
1384:Mac OS X
1376:Versions
1367:Software
1173:June 21,
984:June 23,
854:Archived
772:June 22,
744:Macworld
656:See also
580:Terminal
500:M series
452:Bundled
432:Mac OS 9
205:, Intel
79:Mac OS X
2420:Italics
2388:Inkwell
2336:XQuartz
2286:Rosetta
2226:launchd
2091:Bonjour
2046:AirDrop
1897:Console
1826:history
1671:Preview
1611:Grapher
1347:History
1291:at the
1281:at the
1271:at the
979:9to5Mac
680:PowerPC
401:AutoCAD
388:AltiVec
353:PowerPC
296:Rosetta
276:PowerPC
248:Rosetta
219:emulate
203:PowerPC
153:PowerPC
114:Rosetta
44:Rosetta
2430:
2398:Spaces
2378:Carbon
2326:WebKit
2306:Stacks
2276:Quartz
2256:OpenCL
2231:Mach-O
2211:iCloud
2171:Darwin
2096:Bundle
2051:AppKit
1821:iTunes
1811:iPhoto
1686:Safari
1666:Photos
1601:Finder
1362:Server
1142:reddit
1116:GitHub
611:Since
569:x86-64
386:, and
228:, the
209:, and
197:: the
2463:MacOS
2403:Xgrid
2368:BootX
2241:Metal
2186:Fonts
2106:Cocoa
1816:iSync
1806:iChat
1737:Xcode
1646:Notes
1641:Music
1571:Chess
1477:macOS
1336:macOS
952:(PDF)
941:(PDF)
890:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
676:680x0
623:as a
621:Linux
619:with
403:, or
349:Intel
211:ARM64
176:Intel
126:macOS
116:is a
91:guest
89:Linux
84:macOS
2352:HFS+
2206:icns
2176:Dock
2161:CUPS
2076:Aqua
1998:Grab
1703:Siri
1636:News
1626:Mail
1616:Home
1441:OS X
1252:2023
1227:2023
1201:2023
1175:2021
1150:2020
1124:2020
1093:2023
1057:2020
1031:2020
986:2020
960:2011
924:2019
898:2011
862:2011
826:2011
800:2023
792:CNET
774:2020
724:2022
646:AVX2
454:Java
422:The
124:for
97:Type
34:and
2331:XNU
640:In
630:CPU
458:JNI
213:in
207:x86
2449::
1243:.
1218:.
1192:.
1166:.
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1095:.
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846:.
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392:G5
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380:G3
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
