612:
547:
40:
352:
377:
constraints. The delays and escalating costs of the project were a hindrance not only to its introduction but to its later viability. By 1998, the year in which the first production
Rooivalk was delivered to the SAAF, the lengthy development time meant that the rotorcraft was already suffering from some alleged obsolescence issues; it was an aerodynamically sound aircraft but the avionics, while advanced for the 1980s, were relatively outdated, which harmed the type's export potential.
662:
502:
940:
458:
an entirely new platform that used
Rooivalk technology could be produced. In September 2016, the South African government authorised government-to-government negotiations on the topic of restarting production of the Rooivalk. According to Victor Xaba, deputy chief executive of Denel Aerostructures, the company needed commitments for at least 70 rotorcraft for the re-establishment of the assembly line to be viable.
319:
armaments. During the 1980s, the defence budgets of South Africa were relatively generous, especially in contrast to later decades, thus Denel sought to provide a rotorcraft that would be amongst, even potentially superior to, the best attack helicopters in the world. The helicopter, later named the
Rooivalk, was envisioned as an agile, highly sophisticated gunship, especially suited to the threats of the
364:
to possibly enter service around the same time as the Oryx, the
Rooivalk instead suffered from a highly extended development time. In 1988, the Border War came to a close, which soon led to substantial cuts in the defence budget. The planned attack helicopter acquisition was cut from 36 rotorcraft to only 12, greatly affecting the
286:. Due to the great difficulty posed by the prospects of designing and manufacturing a clean-design helicopter, which would have substantially increased the cost and timescale of the project, it was decided to base the attack helicopter upon an existing design. At the time, the SAAF operated two principal helicopter types – the
599:
On 1 April 2011, the SAAF received the first five of eleven (one of the twelve aircraft originally delivered to the SAAF was written off after an accident) Block 1F upgraded
Rooivalk. The upgrade involves improved targeting systems and other avionics which enable the helicopter to use guided missiles
457:
In
September 2014, Denel Group chief executive Riaz Saloojee stated that the firm were studying the feasibility of reopening the Rooivalk production line, which had been mothballed in 2007 after the production of the initial 12 SAAF aircraft. Saloojee stated that new production aircraft conforming to
306:
and had improved performance in the high temperature climate that the type was typically being operated in; development of the Oryx was far quicker than what would become the
Rooivalk as it was a more straightforward program. Other potential sources were mooted, such as the use of propulsion elements
517:
The
Rooivalk carries a range of weapons depending on the mission profile. It is generally fitted with a nose-mounted 20 mm cannon and can also carry air-to-air missiles, anti-armour missiles and unguided rockets. The Rooivalk has a fire control system for target acquisition and tracking as well
513:
Due to the SAAF's decades of helicopter experience in the harsh
African environment, the Rooivalk has been designed to operate for prolonged periods without sophisticated support. All that is needed to keep the Rooivalk flying is a medium transport helicopter equipped with a basic spares supply plus
465:
had been periodically mooted. In July 2015, Saloojee spoke on the company's efforts to gain support for a
Rooivalk Mk 2 programme which would involve a large proportion of new systems and for which the firm had already produced a roadmap. In late 2016, Denel stated that it was conducting a series of
376:
were broadly supportive of the Rooivalk program, in part as the presence of South African attack helicopters would reduce the need for large numbers of tanks to be procured and maintained. The Army thus provided funding for the Rooivalk program for a time, helping it survive the tightening budgetary
297:
The Puma was substantially larger and was equipped with more powerful engines; both factors provided a broader basis for the accommodation of additional equipment and for potential growth. Another key factor for its selection was the parallel development of a localised and improved model of the Puma
607:
was qualified as part of the upgrade process. Gearbox components were improved and cooling problems with the F2 20 mm cannon were also addressed. The ninth and tenth Rooivalk attack helicopters were delivered in September 2012 following their upgrade to the Block 1F initial operating standard.
363:
The prototype first flew on 11 February 1990, by which time the program had suffered a considerable setback. Some of the program's ailments were a consequence of the ambition to produce a world-leading attack helicopter; while a simpler aircraft may have been completed during the 1980s, allowing it
453:
and enhancements to the rotorcraft's avionics. On 15 September 2016, it was announced that Airbus Helicopters and Denel had signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the SAAF modernisation program; further details on the changes included reliability and survivability improvements, an
380:
The topic of support for the rotorcraft was another decisive factor in prospective export sales. Beyond doubts present over the long term future of Denel and thus its ability to provide the necessary manufacturer support to operate the type, the Rooivalk relies extensively on French technology,
389:
attack helicopter, the firm allegedly warned potential buyers that the necessary support for the aircraft's dynamic systems, which they provided, may not be forthcoming. Political factors had been attributed as a major hindrance on the export market, such as pressure allegedly exercised by the
318:
ancestors—as the basis for the planned attack helicopter; commonality with the Oryx systems would simplify logistics and reduce maintenance costs. This meant that the attack helicopter would have a significantly large airframe, giving it long range and the capability to carry many sensors and
522:
and GPS. Also incorporated is an electronic countermeasures suite coupled with chaff and flare dispensers. The Rooivalk has a nose-mounted gyro-stabilised sensor turret housing with auto-tracking. The Rooivalk uses a Thales TopOwl helmet mounted display (also used by several other attack and
526:
Notable features include a tandem cockpit, starboard tail rotor with a port tailplane, a fixed wheeled undercarriage as well as wire cutters above and below the cockpit and on the undercarriage. The Rooivalk is capable of doing a loop and thus momentarily "flying upside down".
592:, that the SAAF was to invest R962 million (about US$ 137 million in 2007 exchange rates) in the helicopter over three years to 2010/2011, in order to bring it up to full operational status. The helicopter was expected to be deployed on peace-keeping duties as soon as
334:
was the first prototype to emerge from the program. It was developed from an Alouette III airframe, retaining that helicopter's engine and dynamic components; modifications included the replacement of the original cockpit with a stepped
1648:
632:
576:
On 17 May 2007, Denel group CEO Shaun Liebenberg announced a decision to cease further development and funding for the Rooivalk as an export product following its failure to win the Turkish attack helicopter tender against the
413:, however no such sales had emerged by 2013. The development of the Rooivalk had a positive effect on the development of the South African aviation and high technology industries, leading to the creation of firms such as
1418:
371:
It has been claimed that some SAAF officials were of the viewpoint that the Rooivalk was a direct threat to fixed-wing aircraft, particularly in light of the diminishing defence budget, and sought its termination. The
247:, the South African Defence Force recognised the need for a dedicated attack helicopter and began developing a suitable aircraft. The helicopter was to escort helicopter troop transports, conduct strike missions upon
368:. In pursuit of a high-end system, the cost of the program in comparison to a simpler attack helicopter were driven upwards, although the increases were never in excess of the allotted budget between 1984 and 1990.
294:. The Alouette III was a small helicopter which originated from the 1960s; due to the age of the design and a lack of engine power, it was not considered a favourable candidate for further development work.
1542:
343:. The results of flight tests of the XH-1 were ultimately good enough to convince both Atlas and the SAAF that the concept was feasible, opening the door to proceed with the development of the Rooivalk.
1563:
1584:
562:
By April 2005, only six of the 12 aircraft were available for operational test and evaluation with the others in need of software upgrades. The Chief of the South African Air Force, Lt. Gen.
1652:
1128:
1524:
339:
counterpart, the addition of a 20 mm cannon on the nose and the conversion of the undercarriage to a tail-dragger configuration. On 3 February 1985, the XH-1 conducted its
1426:
570:, attributing the delays to the exodus of personnel from Denel as well as its financial problems. This has forced the SAAF to assess alternative defence development partners.
421:(ATE). The industrial impact of the Rooivalk program has been claimed to have enabled South African defence businesses to participate in other aerospace programs, such as the
1473:
1403:
1359:
1344:
202:
Development of the Rooivalk was protracted due to the impact of limited budgets during the 1990s, and a desire to produce a highly advanced attack helicopter. The
1606:
1377:
274:
Developing an entirely new helicopter from scratch would have involved designing and developing many accompanying subsystems and components, such as the
1469:
2288:
264:
314:
Ultimately, it was decided to adopt both the powerplant and dynamic systems of the Oryx—which bore significant similarities to their Puma and
2412:
2402:
1249:
1329:
1279:
523:
transport helicopters around the world). The system was developed by Société de Fabrication d’Instruments de Mesure (SFIM) in 1999/2000.
1528:
1180:
311:; the adoption of these components has been speculated to have likely resulted in a smaller and potentially more economic rotorcraft.
1202:
639:
628:
616:
551:
2417:
1447:
620:
2432:
1886:
418:
1850:
2226:
2122:
1498:
1314:
2281:
1296:
283:
1717:
611:
2422:
2242:
1752:
1225:
1111:
1627:
555:
546:
1674:
450:
693:
2274:
210:
in SAAF service, the first of which were officially handed over in April 2011. The helicopters are flown by
1045:
593:
287:
2427:
2160:
2053:
2019:
2007:
1980:
1963:
1941:
1936:
315:
2204:
2155:
1931:
1898:
291:
196:
143:
2297:
2171:
2073:
589:
236:
188:
1819:
1477:
1879:
1794:
914:
449:
upgrade program for the existing Rooivalk fleet; prospective improvements include the addition of a
2257:
895:
308:
244:
17:
1859:
2407:
2012:
1973:
1968:
1057:
674:
203:
96:
1360:"Denel and Aselsan to collaborate on modernization of South African Rooivalk attack helicopters"
1253:
73:
880:
2234:
980:
303:
248:
2193:
2144:
1872:
1087:
975:
854:
720 km (450 mi, 390 nmi) at 1,525 m (5,003 ft) (max external fuel)
791:
578:
430:
1607:"Gripen, Rooivalk Deliveries Bring SAAF up to Strength | Aviation International News"
8:
2310:
990:
918:
633:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
573:
One airframe was damaged beyond repair on 3 August 2005 after an "uncontrolled landing".
395:
356:
1996:
1952:
1062:
908:
434:
422:
382:
373:
2323:
1404:"The Rooivalk – a symbol of national pride and a boost to foreign policy muscle power"
2301:
2100:
1748:
1221:
1107:
647:
535:
256:
164:
58:
1769:
454:
increased payload, and the replacement of obsolete targeting systems and armaments.
2381:
2376:
2338:
2266:
2182:
2089:
2024:
1985:
1747:(94th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. pp. 442–443.
1000:
985:
963:
679:
426:
386:
365:
331:
279:
211:
2343:
1854:
1847:
945:
905:
568:"extremely worrying factor of time that the project was taking to reach maturity"
215:
1920:
1895:
1695:
351:
692:
The first prototype Rooivalk XDM, SAAF serial 683, is on static display at the
585:
531:
506:
406:
184:
168:
78:
39:
2396:
2333:
1675:"Rooivalk attack helicopters perform well in first combat action against M23"
1422:
1025:
566:, hoped that the helicopters would be ready around June 2007, indicating the
563:
519:
391:
340:
493:
signed an agreement to collaborate on the avionics upgrade of the Rooivalk.
2328:
1915:
1864:
1721:
1005:
816:
697:
667:
260:
252:
219:
1742:
1020:
1015:
1010:
2366:
2358:
2348:
2084:
1129:"SAAF finally takes delivery of fully operational Rooivalk helicopters"
1040:
958:
884:
837:
794:
299:
275:
192:
501:
2318:
1628:"Final Rooivalk Handover Cements Relationship Between Denel and SAAF"
1345:"New generation Denel Rooivalk attack helicopter under consideration"
1035:
1030:
995:
924:
268:
176:
27:
Attack helicopter by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, later Denel Aviation
833:
278 km/h (173 mph, 150 kn) at sea level (max cruise)
701:
402:
235:
The Rooivalk project began in early 1984 under the auspices of the
401:
Various potential export opportunities were investigated, such as
271:, which prevented foreign combat helicopters from being imported.
2133:
848:
740 km (460 mi, 400 nmi) at sea level (max cruise)
490:
475:
414:
324:
608:
The eleventh and final Rooivalk was delivered on 13 March 2013.
891:
650:
positions near Chanzu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
601:
530:
The following types of missions are foreseen for the Rooivalk:
479:
471:
410:
336:
320:
180:
627:
Three Rooivalk attack helicopters have been deployed with the
483:
467:
394:
government to persuade foreign customers to select the rival
240:
1743:
Lindsay Peacock; Paul Jackson; Kenneth Munson, eds. (2003).
1378:"TopOwl, Helmet-mounted Sight & Display for Helicopters"
1280:"AAD: Denel to begin formal talks over relaunching Rooivalk"
550:
Two SAAF Rooivalk Attack Helicopters serving as part of the
902:
604:
466:
talks with various nations on the Rooivalk Mk 2, including
278:
engines and the dynamic systems, such as the main and tail
784:
1,854 L (490 US gal; 408 imp gal)
1218:
Soaring with Eagles (no page numbers, section on 16 Sqdn)
1203:"Developing the Rooivalk Mk2 would tick many vital boxes"
243:. Faced with the increasingly conventional nature of the
195:
transport helicopter, both aircraft being based on the
1330:"Amid Rooivalk restart talks, Denel eyes new platform"
255:
tanks; in the latter role, it was to be equipped with
1688:
251:, and effectively counter the increasing presence of
2296:
935:
1470:"Denel gets R8bn shot in the arm, ditches Rooivalk"
970:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1315:"AAD 2016: Airbus, Denel to cooperate on Rooivalk"
1419:"Rooivalk delays endanger SA's peacekeeping role"
1273:
1271:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1104:The International Directiory of Military Aircraft
199:and having started development at the same time.
2394:
1499:"Agusta wins Turkish attack helicopter contract"
1448:"SAAF Rooivalk fleet nearing operational status"
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
445:In 2016, Denel was reportedly proceeding with a
1095:
187:. Development of the type began in 1984 by the
1268:
1106:. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. p. 71.
615:South African Rooivalk Attack Helicopter over
265:United Nations Security Council Resolution 418
191:, its development is closely connected to the
2282:
1880:
1297:"Airbus, Denel sign MoU for Rooivalk upgrade"
1135:
1894:
1604:
1291:
1289:
1522:
797:engines, 1,420 kW (1,900 hp) each
735:18.73 m (61 ft 5 in) overall
638:On 4 November 2013, two Rooivalks with the
385:; due to the Rooivalk being a rival to the
206:(SAAF) ordered 12 Rooivalk, designated the
2289:
2275:
1887:
1873:
1745:Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 2003–2004
1250:"A brief (brutal) history of the Rooivalk"
1201:Heitman, Helmoed Römer (21 January 2016).
715:Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 2003–2004
1286:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
842:309 km/h (192 mph, 167 kn)
640:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
629:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
552:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
259:. At the time, South Africa was under an
1860:Rooivalk Attack Helicopter, South Africa
1651:. DefenceWeb. 2013-10-11. Archived from
1342:
1277:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1178:
1126:
610:
545:
500:
350:
1770:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
1672:
1620:
1327:
1200:
1101:
746:16.39 m (54 ft) fuselage only
584:During November 2007, Defence Minister
518:as an advanced navigation system using
14:
2395:
1416:
1357:
1328:Trimble, Stephen (10 September 2014).
1187:
729:2 (pilot & weapon systems officer)
687:
541:
440:
2270:
1868:
1761:
1649:"Exclusive: Rooivalk is going to DRC"
1564:"SAAF ceremonially receives Rooivalk"
1543:"Denel's Mokopa PGM ready for market"
1467:
1278:Morrison, Murdo (14 September 2016).
1247:
1234:
809:190.6 m (2,052 sq ft)
803:× 15.58 m (51 ft 1 in)
538:, deep penetration, and anti-armour.
419:Advanced Technologies and Engineering
2227:Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N
1767:
1585:"First five Rooivalk now in service"
1401:
1215:
1181:"What went wrong with the Rooivalk?"
1080:
1078:
323:and countering vehicles such as the
2413:1990s South African attack aircraft
2403:Atlas Aircraft Corporation aircraft
1317:. Shephard News. 16 September 2016.
24:
1085:"Military Aircraft of the World".
760:5.19 m (17 ft 0 in)
302:. The Oryx possessed an increased
25:
2444:
2243:CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241
1841:
1248:Shear, Simon (1 September 2013).
1075:
866:13.3 m/s (2,620 ft/min)
707:
554:escorting a UN delegation in the
1523:Engelbrecht, Leon (2007-11-12).
1358:Dubois, Gastón (July 28, 2023).
1091:. 15–21 August 1990. p. 47.
938:
660:
556:Democratic Republic of the Congo
461:The production of a prospective
88:Out of production and in service
38:
2418:1990s South African helicopters
1848:Aircraft.co.za – Denel Rooivalk
1812:
1787:
1736:
1710:
1666:
1641:
1598:
1577:
1556:
1535:
1516:
1491:
1461:
1440:
1410:
1395:
1370:
1351:
1336:
1321:
1307:
1179:Campbell, Keith (8 June 2007).
489:In 2023, Denel Aeronautics and
451:missile approach warning system
1824:SA Airforce Unofficial Website
1799:SA Airforce Unofficial Website
1673:Olivier, Darren (2013-11-05).
1343:Campbell, Keith (2015-07-23).
1209:
1127:Campbell, Keith (2012-04-01).
1120:
778:8,750 kg (19,290 lb)
772:7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
766:5,730 kg (12,632 lb)
694:South African Air Force Museum
346:
298:in South Africa, known as the
225:
13:
1:
1417:Hosken, Graeme (2005-04-26).
1068:
860:6,100 m (20,000 ft)
316:Aérospatiale AS332 Super Puma
2433:Aircraft first flown in 1990
1698:. Flightglobal Insight. 2018
1503:International Herald Tribune
1252:. enca.co.za. Archived from
1220:. Avpix Publishing Pty Ltd.
1046:TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK
917:(FFAR) or Wrap-Around (WA) (
653:
594:initial operating capability
7:
1720:. af.mil.za. Archived from
1605:David Donald (2012-09-28).
1468:Ensor, Linda (2007-05-18).
1402:Kemm, Kelvin (2011-04-22).
931:
309:Aérospatiale SA 365 Dauphin
10:
2449:
915:folding fin aerial rockets
509:in Cape Town, South Africa
237:Atlas Aircraft Corporation
230:
189:Atlas Aircraft Corporation
44:A Denel Rooivalk in flight
2357:
2309:
2254:
2217:
2191:
2169:
2142:
2120:
2098:
2071:
2062:
2039:
1994:
1950:
1913:
1906:
1525:"More money for Rooivalk"
913:38 or 76 × 70 mm rockets
896:anti-tank guided missiles
496:
288:Aérospatiale Alouette III
139:
131:
123:
115:
110:
102:
92:
84:
72:
64:
54:
49:
37:
32:
2423:Twin-turbine helicopters
1677:. African Defence Review
1587:. DefenceWeb. 2011-04-04
1566:. DefenceWeb. 2011-04-01
1545:. DefenceWeb. 2011-01-26
1102:Frawley, Gerard (2002).
600:for the first time. The
292:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
245:South African Border War
197:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
144:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
1774:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
1718:"SAAF Current aircraft"
1696:"World Air Forces 2018"
1527:. ITWeb. Archived from
1332:. Flight International.
1282:. Flight International.
1058:List of attack aircraft
720:General characteristics
698:Swartkop Air Force Base
675:South African Air Force
249:anti-aircraft positions
204:South African Air Force
183:", which refers to the
155:(previously designated
97:South African Air Force
624:
559:
510:
360:
2235:CHC Scotia Flight 23R
981:AgustaWestland Apache
614:
549:
504:
354:
304:power-to-weight ratio
267:due to its policy of
1303:. 19 September 2016.
1216:Dely, Frans (2004).
1088:Flight International
976:Agusta A129 Mangusta
801:Main rotor diameter:
792:Turbomeca Makila 1K2
579:Agusta A129 Mangusta
534:, heliborne escort,
431:AgustaWestland AW109
2311:Fixed-wing aircraft
1724:on 13 February 2012
1406:. Engineering News.
1347:. Engineering News.
1301:Australian Aviation
1183:. Engineering News.
991:Boeing AH-64 Apache
953:Related development
927:Laser Guided Rocket
909:air-to-air missiles
776:Max takeoff weight:
688:Aircraft on display
542:Operational service
441:Further development
396:Boeing AH-64 Apache
381:presently owned by
357:Farnborough Airshow
239:, a predecessor of
50:General information
2428:Attack helicopters
1853:2017-11-07 at the
1630:. defenceweb.co.za
1450:. Saairforce.co.za
1256:on 7 November 2018
1063:List of rotorcraft
838:Never exceed speed
625:
560:
511:
435:Airbus A400M Atlas
423:Saab JAS 39 Gripen
383:Airbus Helicopters
374:South African Army
366:economies of scale
361:
355:A Rooivalk at the
257:anti-tank missiles
2390:
2389:
2302:Denel Aeronautics
2264:
2263:
2213:
2212:
2198:
2176:
2149:
2127:
2105:
2078:
2035:
2034:
2001:
1957:
1925:
1820:"FZ 90 70mm FFAR"
1768:Lednicer, David.
536:close air support
514:four groundcrew.
171:of South Africa.
165:attack helicopter
149:
148:
124:Introduction date
59:Attack helicopter
16:(Redirected from
2440:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2197:(United Kingdom)
2192:
2170:
2143:
2121:
2099:
2072:
2069:
2068:
1995:
1951:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1795:"F2 20mm Cannon"
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1476:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1425:. Archived from
1414:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:Aviacionline.com
1355:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1001:Eurocopter Tiger
986:Bell AH-1Z Viper
964:Atlas XH-1 Alpha
948:
943:
942:
941:
894:ZT-6 long-range
874:
858:Service ceiling:
826:
807:Main rotor area:
722:
666:
664:
663:
427:BAE Systems Hawk
387:Eurocopter Tiger
332:Atlas XH-1 Alpha
167:manufactured by
135:11 February 1990
42:
30:
29:
21:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2353:
2305:
2295:
2265:
2260:
2258:Alouette family
2250:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2196:
2187:
2174:
2165:
2147:
2138:
2125:
2116:
2103:
2094:
2076:
2064:
2058:
2041:
2031:
1999:
1990:
1955:
1946:
1923:
1919:
1902:
1893:
1855:Wayback Machine
1844:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1609:. Ainonline.com
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1276:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1235:
1228:
1214:
1210:
1205:. Business Day.
1199:
1188:
1177:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1071:
946:Aviation portal
944:
939:
937:
934:
875:
870:
822:
814:Blade section:
810:
718:
710:
690:
661:
659:
656:
644:FZ 90 70mm FFAR
631:to support the
544:
499:
443:
349:
321:Angolan theatre
233:
228:
216:AFB Bloemspruit
65:National origin
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2446:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Denel aircraft
2405:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2104:(South Africa)
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2077:(South Africa)
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2002:
2000:(2014–present)
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1843:
1842:External links
1840:
1837:
1836:
1811:
1786:
1760:
1753:
1735:
1709:
1687:
1665:
1640:
1619:
1597:
1576:
1555:
1534:
1531:on 2007-12-02.
1515:
1490:
1460:
1439:
1409:
1394:
1369:
1350:
1335:
1320:
1306:
1285:
1267:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1186:
1134:
1119:
1112:
1094:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
967:
966:
961:
950:
949:
933:
930:
929:
928:
922:
911:
899:
888:
868:
867:
864:Rate of climb:
861:
855:
849:
843:
834:
820:
819:
811:
804:
798:
785:
782:Fuel capacity:
779:
773:
767:
761:
754:
753:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
747:
737:
736:
730:
709:
708:Specifications
706:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
671:
670:
655:
652:
586:Mosiuoa Lekota
543:
540:
532:reconnaissance
507:AFB Ysterplaat
505:A Rooivalk at
498:
495:
442:
439:
407:United Kingdom
348:
345:
241:Denel Aviation
232:
229:
227:
224:
185:lesser kestrel
169:Denel Aviation
153:Denel Rooivalk
147:
146:
141:
140:Developed from
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
79:Denel Aviation
76:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2445:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:Accidents and
2216:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2175:(South Korea)
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1754:0-7106-2537-5
1750:
1746:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1697:
1691:
1676:
1669:
1655:on 2013-10-12
1654:
1650:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1608:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1480:on 2007-09-21
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1429:on 2007-06-16
1428:
1424:
1423:Pretoria News
1420:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1227:0-620-32806-1
1223:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1113:1-875671-55-2
1109:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:Related lists
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:Kawasaki OH-1
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:
947:
936:
926:
923:
920:
916:
912:
910:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
882:
878:
877:
876:
873:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
839:
835:
832:
831:Cruise speed:
829:
828:
827:
825:
818:
815:
812:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:Gross weight:
768:
765:
764:Empty weight:
762:
759:
756:
755:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
739:
738:
734:
731:
728:
725:
724:
723:
721:
716:
714:
705:
703:
699:
695:
681:
678:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
658:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
622:
618:
613:
609:
606:
603:
597:
596:is achieved.
595:
591:
588:announced in
587:
582:
580:
574:
571:
569:
565:
564:Carlo Gagiano
557:
553:
548:
539:
537:
533:
528:
524:
521:
520:Doppler radar
515:
508:
503:
494:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
463:Rooivalk Mk 2
459:
455:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
392:United States
388:
384:
378:
375:
369:
367:
358:
353:
344:
342:
341:maiden flight
338:
333:
328:
326:
322:
317:
312:
310:
305:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:rotor systems
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Rooivalk Mk 1
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2371:
2111:
2048:
2042:designations
1921:Aérospatiale
1916:Sud Aviation
1896:Aérospatiale
1827:. Retrieved
1823:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1722:the original
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1690:
1679:. Retrieved
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:the original
1643:
1632:. Retrieved
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1579:
1568:. Retrieved
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1537:
1529:the original
1518:
1507:. Retrieved
1505:. 2007-03-30
1502:
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1474:Business Day
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1412:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1382:Thales Group
1381:
1372:
1363:
1353:
1338:
1323:
1309:
1300:
1260:22 September
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1217:
1211:
1122:
1103:
1097:
1086:
1051:
1050:
1006:HAL Prachand
969:
968:
952:
951:
887:, 700 rounds
871:
869:
863:
857:
852:Ferry range:
851:
845:
836:
830:
823:
821:
813:
806:
800:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
732:
726:
719:
717:
712:
711:
691:
668:South Africa
643:
637:
626:
598:
583:
575:
572:
567:
561:
529:
525:
516:
512:
488:
462:
460:
456:
446:
444:
400:
379:
370:
362:
329:
313:
296:
273:
261:arms embargo
234:
220:Bloemfontein
207:
201:
172:
160:
156:
152:
150:
132:First flight
127:1 April 2011
116:Manufactured
103:Number built
93:Primary user
74:Manufacturer
68:South Africa
2359:Helicopters
2148:(Indonesia)
1956:(1992–2014)
1942:SA332/AS332
1924:(1968–1992)
1829:23 February
1804:23 February
1021:Kamov Ka-50
1016:IAIO Toufan
1011:Harbin Z-19
824:Performance
788:Powerplant:
680:16 Squadron
646:rockets on
347:Into flight
263:enacted by
226:Development
214:, based at
212:16 Squadron
2397:Categories
2382:XTP-1 Beta
2377:XH-1 Alpha
2256:See also:
2090:XTP-1 Beta
2065:production
1953:Eurocopter
1728:21 October
1681:2013-11-05
1659:2013-10-13
1634:2013-03-15
1613:2013-03-15
1591:2013-03-15
1570:2013-03-15
1549:2013-03-15
1509:2007-05-18
1484:2007-05-18
1454:2013-03-15
1433:2007-05-18
1387:4 February
1069:References
1041:Panha 2091
959:Atlas Oryx
890:8 or 16 ×
795:turboshaft
590:Parliament
300:Atlas Oryx
276:turboshaft
193:Atlas Oryx
2220:incidents
2126:(Romania)
1036:Mil Mi-28
1031:Mil Mi-24
996:CAIC Z-10
925:FZ275 LGR
817:NACA 0015
713:Data from
654:Operators
635:in 2013.
398:instead.
284:gearboxes
269:apartheid
179:for "Red
177:Afrikaans
119:1990–2007
2372:Rooivalk
2304:aircraft
2194:Westland
2112:Rooivalk
2040:Military
1907:Aircraft
1851:Archived
1779:16 April
1702:4 August
932:See also
921:70mm WA)
872:Armament
702:Pretoria
619:base in
403:Malaysia
290:and the
282:and the
173:Rooivalk
163:) is an
33:Rooivalk
18:Rooivalk
2334:Cheetah
2161:NAS 332
2156:NAS 330
2134:IAR 330
2063:Foreign
906:Mistral
758:Height:
733:Length:
491:Aselsan
476:Nigeria
415:Aerosud
359:in 1994
307:of the
231:Origins
111:History
2339:Impala
2329:Carver
2324:Bosbok
2246:(2016)
2238:(2013)
2230:(2009)
1997:Airbus
1901:family
1751:
1224:
1110:
898:(ATGM)
892:Mokopa
885:cannon
883:20 mm
846:Range:
665:
642:fired
602:Mokopa
497:Design
482:, and
480:Poland
472:Brazil
447:Mk 1.1
433:, and
411:Turkey
409:, and
405:, the
337:tandem
327:tank.
253:Soviet
181:Falcon
85:Status
2298:Atlas
2183:KUH-1
2101:Denel
2074:Atlas
2054:VH-34
1986:EC725
1981:EC225
1974:AS535
1969:AS532
1964:AS332
1937:SA331
1932:SA330
727:Crew:
484:India
468:Egypt
218:near
161:CSH-2
2367:Oryx
2349:SARA
2344:Kudu
2205:Puma
2145:IPTN
2085:Oryx
2020:H225
2008:H215
1899:Puma
1831:2015
1806:2015
1781:2019
1749:ISBN
1730:2014
1704:2018
1389:2022
1262:2016
1222:ISBN
1108:ISBN
919:FZ90
903:MBDA
901:4 ×
879:1 ×
790:2 ×
623:2014
621:Sake
605:ATGM
417:and
330:The
325:T-55
159:and
157:AH-2
151:The
55:Type
2319:ACE
2172:KAI
2123:IAR
2049:H-2
648:M23
617:FIB
175:is
2399::
1822:.
1797:.
1772:.
1501:.
1472:.
1421:.
1380:.
1362:.
1299:.
1288:^
1270:^
1236:^
1189:^
1137:^
1077:^
881:F2
704:.
700:,
696:,
581:.
486:.
478:,
474:,
470:,
437:.
429:,
425:,
222:.
106:15
2300:/
2290:e
2283:t
2276:v
2025:M
2013:M
1918:/
1888:e
1881:t
1874:v
1833:.
1808:.
1783:.
1757:.
1732:.
1706:.
1684:.
1662:.
1637:.
1616:.
1594:.
1573:.
1552:.
1512:.
1487:.
1457:.
1436:.
1391:.
1366:.
1264:.
1230:.
1131:.
1116:.
840::
558:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)