287:
133:
239:—commonly called 30-pound (30#) or No. 30 (#30). The weight designations originated with organic base felt weighing 15 or 30 pounds per 100 sq. ft. (6.8 kg or 14 kg per 9.3 m). However, modern base felts are made of lighter-weight fibre, so the weight designations, though common colloquially, are no longer literally accurate. A heavier class of materials with a similar construction but designed for civil engineering, environmental protection, and mining applications are known as
36:
1104:
294:
Heavier material is typically used for underlayment of longer-lived roof materials in order to match their longer life span, and on less sloped roofs, which are more susceptible to leaking. For example, two layers of No. 30 felt might be used under a slate or tile roof, whereas a single layer of No.
352:
ASTM D4869 / D4869M Standard — Specification for
Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing. ASTM 4869-03 now includes the non-perforated felt referred to in ASTM D226-97a which will be phased out. ASTM 4869-03 includes a liquid-water transmission test (shower test) and
282:
mat. Polyester mat is weaker and less chemically stable than fibreglass but because it is cheap is gaining market share. Polyester mat is primarily used with the more flexible modified-bitumen felt products. Asbestos mat was the first inorganic base material but was outlawed in the 1980s for health
214:
protects the roof covering from resins in some sheathing materials and cushions unevenness and old nails and splinters in re-roofing applications. The underlayment also sheds any water which penetrates the roof covering from an ordinary leak, a leak from wind-driven rain or snow, wind damage to the
433:
is added to the base of rolled roofing during manufacturing on all torch-on products. This stops the felt from sticking to the mineral layer when rolled up during the packaging process. A similar removable membrane on self-adhesive rolled roofing separates the adhesive from the mineral layer.
507:
From 1905 to 1988, The
Paraffine Paint Co. of San Francisco had Malthoid as a trademark for waterproof and weatherproof building and roofing materials made of paper and felt in whole or in part. However, it had become well known before that. About 1913, Paraffine promoted its Malthoid roofing
442:
The complex chemical composition of bitumen makes it difficult to identify the specific component(s) responsible for adverse health effects observed in exposed workers. Known carcinogens have been found in bitumen fumes generated at work sites. Observations of acute irritation in workers from
200:
systems. Over time the felt's natural mesh used as a substrate for asphalt impregnation (derived from fabrics like cotton or burlap) has evolved into synthetic products performing the same function with improved durability. Other changes with time have enhanced performance, with roofing felt
209:
The rapid application of waterproof or water-resistant roofing underlay protects the roof deck during construction until the roofing material is applied and is required for roofs required to meet
Underwriters Laboratory (UL) fire ratings. The separation of the roof covering from the
283:
reasons but is still in use on some buildings. Inorganic felts are lighter, more tear-resistant, more fire-resistant, and do not absorb water. Another type of felt paper is perforated for use in built-up roofing and is not for use as a water-resistant underlay.
533:
built of timber framework. covered by sheets of asbestos. The roof was closely timbered, then covered by strips of
Malthoid paper. This was then painted with tar and topped off with a sprinkling of sand.
443:
airborne and dermal exposures to fumes and aerosols and the potential for chronic health effects, including cancer, warrant continued diligence in the control of exposures.
303:
Roofing felt is manufactured in roll format. Rolls of base felt are pulled on rollers through large tanks of bitumen mixes until they are saturated with the
384:
ASTM D6222 / D6222M-16 Standard — Specification for
Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester Reinforcements.
266:
fibres (wood, or jute). Organic felt papers are now considered obsolete, having dwindled to just five percent of the market by 1987. Inorganic
1069:
528:
192:
rather than heavy kraft paper) has been used for decades as waterproof coverings in residential and commercial roofs as an underlay(ment) (
716:
Handbook of sustainable building: an environmental preference method for selection of materials for use in construction and refurbishment
683:
100:
72:
53:
79:
381:
ASTM D6757 / D6757M-16a
Standard — Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibres Used in Steep-Slope Roofing.
1114:
652:
604:
196:) beneath other building materials, particularly roofing and siding materials, and is one type of membrane used in asphalt
86:
1108:
535:" Railway vehicles in Australia were roofed with Malthoid. Malthoid is still available for flat roofs and damp courses.
341:
ASTM D226 / D226M Standard — 09: Specification for
Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing.
243:. BGMs are distinguished in part by larger roll widths which can exceed 5m and substantial thickness of up to 6.0mm.
119:
68:
888:"Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester Reinforcements".
219:. However, the application of underlays may increase the roof temperature, which is the leading cause of ageing of
1006:
962:
434:
Torch-on roofing felt also receives a removable membrane to keep it from sticking to itself prior to application.
697:
Joan P. Crowe, "Underlayment considerations: Steep-slope roof systems require different underlay installations".
455:
It provides an extra weather barrier in case of blow offs or water penetration through the roofing or flashings.
286:
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240:
57:
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The fumes that are produced during hot application of asphalt or tar can cause dermal and respiratory problems
464:
It is usually required for the UL fire rating to apply (since shingles are usually tested with underlayment).
370:
ASTM D2178 / D2178M-15a
Standard — Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing.
17:
1134:
132:
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93:
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meant for direct exposure to the weather. To protect its asphaltic base from ultraviolet degradation
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794:
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162:, and waterproof. Systems incorporating bituminous-based substrates are sometimes used to construct
1076:
46:
429:
are added on top of the felt, also decreasing the product's fire vulnerability. Thin, removable
848:"Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibers Used in Steep-Slope Roofing".
650:
William Cullen, "Transitions in
Roofing Technology" National Roofing Contractors' Association
901:
861:
821:
781:
768:"Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing".
741:
702:
985:"93/281/1 Brochure, 'Malthoid Bungalows', paper, The Paraffine Paint Company, USA, c. 1913"
416:
524:
337:
The
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards that apply to felt paper are:
8:
461:
It helps prevent unevenness in the roof sheathing from telegraphing through the shingles.
508:
materials with a 16-page booklet. In 1941, the Duroid Company began making Malthoid in
728:"Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing".
1031:
677:
621:
600:
520:
326:
254:. Organic felt paper has a base material made with formerly living materials such as
941:
889:
849:
809:
769:
729:
659:
633:
592:
307:-like bitumen mixture, producing rolls of water-resistant but breathable material.
197:
422:
220:
1129:
531:(item 26). A description of a New Zealand house built about 1914 says it was, "
353:
dimensional stability limits (wrinkling) which ASTM D226-97a does not include.
325:
such as atactic polypropylene (APP) that gives rigidity and tear resistance or
259:
216:
637:
295:
15 might be adequate for a steeply raked roof of 24-year asphalt shingles. s0
1123:
853:
813:
773:
587:
Brown, AB; Sparks, JW (1960). "Composition and Rheology of Roofing Asphalt".
1048:
893:
733:
484:
Exposure to extreme heat and UV radiation drastically decreases the lifespan
544:
290:
Torch-on bitumen-based waterproofing membrane being rolled out. Tehran Iran
255:
808:"Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing".
563:
513:
275:
458:
It protects the roofing from any resins that bleed out of the sheathing.
158:
pitch) is a material made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky,
1010:
495:
137:
596:
150:
systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings.
475:
314:
271:
263:
211:
185:
179:
1049:"photo and some history of Malthoid on Australian heritage railways"
452:
It protects the roof deck from rain before the roofing is installed.
35:
509:
491:
322:
279:
155:
223:. Not installing an underlay may void the roof covering warranty.
231:
Felt paper is available in several grades, the most common being
193:
159:
151:
235:—commonly called 15-pound (15#) or No. 15 (#15)—and
1103:
201:
remaining a heavier and more durable product than tar paper.
141:
929:
Health and Safety Questions and Answers a Practical Approach
490:
Some felt paper installed on existing buildings may contain
589:
Symposium on Bituminous Waterproofing and Roofing Materials
318:
167:
163:
622:"Geomembrane sealing systems for dams: ICOLD Bulletin 135"
1007:"Scie Construction Ltd history of flat roofing materials"
703:
http://www.texasinspector.com/files/Underlayment-NRCA.pdf
347:
Type II - #30 or 30 lb. perforated or non-perforated
304:
984:
963:"Manawatu Times, Volume XXVII, Issue 7998, 21 June 1904"
446:
344:
Type I - #15 or 15 lb. perforated or non-perforated
1030:
Off the Sheep's Back: Bill Richards Lindon Pub., 1986
718:. Rev. ed. London: James & James, 2004. 62. Print.
329:, a rubber additive that gives more elastic benefits.
478:
and is not regarded as a sustainable building product
365:
Type 4 - #26. Formerly ASTM D226-97a Type II (No. 30)
359:
Type 2 - #13. Formerly ASTM D226-97a Type I (No. 15)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
402:The Canadian Standards Association standards are:
406:CSA A123.3 Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing Felt
184:Roofing felt (similar to and often confused with
1121:
519:Malthoid was once common enough to be used as a
619:
620:Scuero, Alberto; Vaschetti, Gabriella (2010).
1009:. Scieroofing.com. 2010-02-11. Archived from
982:
421:Roll roofing is a bitumen product similar to
362:Type 3 - #20. Formerly ASTM D4869-93 Type II
931:. London: Thomas Telford, 2003. 101. Print.
586:
356:Type 1 - #8. Formerly ASTM D4869-93 Type I
410:
278:developed in the 1950s, and historically,
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
523:description of flat roofing material in
376:Type VI has a 66-pound breaking strength
373:Type IV has a 44-pound breaking strength
313:is mixed with filler components such as
298:
285:
131:
965:. Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1904-06-21
332:
189:
27:Roll roofing and waterproofing material
14:
1122:
682:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
942:"LegalForce information on trademark"
447:Reasons to use a roofing underlayment
226:
691:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
626:Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
468:
24:
396:Grade S, smooth surface (uncoated)
25:
1151:
1096:
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474:Bitumen is mostly produced from
393:Grade G, surface coated granules
136:Replacing the roofing felt on a
34:
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1024:
999:
976:
955:
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327:styrene-butadiene styrene (SBS)
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45:needs additional citations for
987:. Powerhouse Museum, Australia
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761:
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241:Bituminous Geomembranes (BGMs)
170:" or "roll roofing" products.
13:
1:
1115:Bituminous Membranes Article
699:Professional Roofing Magazine
550:
246:Another basic designation is
856:. ASTM D6757 / D6757M - 16a.
816:. ASTM D2178 / D2178M - 15a.
776:. ASTM D4869 / D4869M - 16a.
714:Anink, David, and John Mak.
498:risk if its dust is inhaled.
437:
7:
896:. ASTM D6222 / D6222M - 16.
538:
502:
204:
10:
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414:
177:
166:, in the form of "roofing
69:"Bituminous waterproofing"
736:. ASTM D226 / D226M - 09.
638:10.1007/s41062-017-0089-0
1070:"Tremco technical specs"
854:10.1520/d6757_d6757m-16a
814:10.1520/d2178_d2178m-15a
774:10.1520/d4869_d4869m-16a
148:Bituminous waterproofing
894:10.1520/d6222_d6222m-16
734:10.1520/d0226_d0226m-09
411:Roll roofing components
190:made from recycled rags
909:Cite journal requires
869:Cite journal requires
829:Cite journal requires
789:Cite journal requires
749:Cite journal requires
481:Bitumen is combustible
291:
198:built up roofing (BUR)
144:
299:Manufacturing process
289:
135:
1111:at Wikimedia Commons
417:Asphalt roll roofing
333:Felt paper standards
54:improve this article
983:Powerhouse Museum.
188:, but historically
1135:Building materials
1109:Felt and tar paper
705:accessed 3/11/2014
688:accessed 3/11/2014
292:
227:Weights and grades
215:roof covering, or
145:
1140:Roofing materials
1107:Media related to
1051:. Railpage.com.au
606:978-0-8031-5597-8
597:10.1520/stp38450s
591:. pp. 3–17.
564:"B Glossary Page"
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1084:. Retrieved
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989:. Retrieved
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927:Perry, Pat.
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667:. Retrieved
660:the original
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545:Butyl rubber
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174:Roofing felt
154:(asphalt or
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Roofing felt
568:Roof Online
525:New Zealand
514:New Zealand
276:glass fibre
1124:Categories
1086:2014-06-18
1055:2014-06-18
1036:0864700148
1017:2014-06-18
969:2014-06-18
948:2014-06-18
669:2014-03-11
573:2016-08-10
551:References
178:See also:
138:Scout hall
80:newspapers
701:May 2005
476:crude oil
438:Irritants
315:limestone
272:polyester
264:cellulose
256:rag fibre
252:inorganic
212:roof deck
186:tar paper
180:tar paper
678:cite web
539:See also
510:Onehunga
503:Malthoid
492:asbestos
323:polymers
280:asbestos
217:ice dams
205:Function
156:coal-tar
521:generic
260:hessian
248:organic
194:sarking
160:viscous
152:Bitumen
94:scholar
1034:
632:: 23.
603:
390:Type 2
387:Type 1
237:Type 2
233:Type 1
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1130:Roofs
1080:(PDF)
1073:(PDF)
663:(PDF)
656:(PDF)
321:, or
164:roofs
142:Wales
101:JSTOR
87:books
1032:ISBN
993:2013
915:help
875:help
835:help
795:help
755:help
684:link
601:ISBN
527:and
319:sand
270:are
168:felt
73:news
890:doi
850:doi
810:doi
770:doi
730:doi
634:doi
593:doi
305:tar
250:or
140:in
56:by
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