122:
238:
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230:, wrote poetry that was meant to boil up from serious, contemplative reflection over the interaction of humans with their environment. Although many stress the notion of spontaneity in Romantic poetry, the movement was still greatly concerned with the difficulty of composition and of translating these emotions into poetic form. Indeed, Coleridge, in his essay
395:
age, in that he has a realistic perspective on nature. He believes that nature is not the source of joy and pleasure, but rather that people's reactions to it depend on their mood and disposition. Coleridge believed that joy does not come from external nature, but that it emanates from the human heart.
394:
Shelley was another nature poet, who believed that nature is a living thing and there is a union between nature and man. Wordsworth approaches nature philosophically, while
Shelley emphasizes the intellect. John Keats was another lover of nature, but Coleridge differs from other Romantic poets of his
205:
I have said before that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin in emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of
1231:
and the
Transcendentalist movement, itself an offshoot of Romanticism, Whitman's poetry praises nature and the individual human's role in it. However, much like Emerson, Whitman does not diminish the role of the mind or the spirit; rather, he elevates the human form and the human mind, deeming both
971:, proved enormously popular selling over 600,000 copies. In 1956, the Soviet Union became the first country in the world to honour Burns with a commemorative stamp. The poetry of Burns is taught in Russian schools alongside their own national poets. Burns was a great admirer of the
979:. Whether Burns would have recognised the same principles at work in the Soviet State at its most repressive is moot. This didn't stop the Communists from claiming Burns as one of their own and incorporating his work into their state propaganda. The post-communist years of rampant
921:
Pushkin is considered by many to be the central representative of
Romanticism in Russian literature; however, he can't be labelled unequivocally as a Romantic. Russian critics have traditionally argued that,during the 36 years of his life, Pushkin's works took a path from
792:. It elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period. It also emphasized folk art, nature and an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
1034:. The idea of the creative imagination was stressed above the idea of reason, and minute elements of nature, including as insects and pebbles, were now considered divine. Nature was perceived in many different ways by the Spanish Romantics, and Instead of employing
307:, which was the product of intellect and reason, while Romantic poetry is more the product of emotion. Romantic poetry at the beginning of the nineteenth century was a reaction against the set standards, conventions of eighteenth-century poetry. According to
967:, became a symbol for the ordinary Russian people. In Soviet Russia, Burns was elevated as the archetypical poet of the people – not least since the Soviet regime slaughtered and silenced its own poets. A new translation of Burns, begun in 1924 by
234:, sees art as "the mediatress between, and reconciler of nature and man". Such an attitude reflects what might be called the dominant theme of English Romantic poetry: the filtering of natural emotion through the human mind in order to create meaning.
1757:
339:, the imagination is a spiritual force, is related to morality, and they believed that literature, especially poetry, could improve the world. The secret of great art, Blake claimed, is the capacity to imagine. To define imagination, in his poem "
267:
The
Sublime is considered one of the most important concepts in Romantic poetry. In literature, it refers to use of language and description that excites thoughts and emotions beyond ordinary experience. Although it is often associated with
492:
Romantic poetry is the poetry of sentiments, emotions and imagination. Romantic poetry opposed the objectivity of neoclassical poetry. Neoclassical poets avoided describing their personal emotions in their poetry, unlike the
Romantics..
311:, "he Romantic movement was marked, and is always marked, by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom which in science and theology as well as literature, generally tend to fetter the free human spirit."
1238:(1809–1849) is best known for his poetry and short stories, and is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole. Poe, however, strongly disliked transcendentalism.
164:
ideas of the 18th century, and lasted approximately from 1800 to 1850. Romantic poets rebelled against the style of poetry from the eighteenth century which was based around epics, odes, satires, elegies, epistles and songs.
327:, unlike the neoclassical poets. Keats said, "I am certain of nothing but of the holiness of the Heart's affections and the truth of Imagination- What the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth." For Wordsworth and
695: – also the Jena Romantics or Early Romanticism (Frühromantik) – is the first phase of Romanticism in German literature represented by the work of a group centered in Jena from about 1798 to 1804, notably
1310:. However, all of these poets are generally identified with more recent movements -- as feminists, Harlem Renaissance writers, modernists, et cetera -- and only indirectly linked with Romanticism by their critics.
253:) represents him as a slim, tender and perhaps unhealthy boy. However, he had in reality a strong, robust and muscular body. He was the head(literal) of the Romantic Poetry Age or the Age of Romantic Poetry.
1752:
936:] which may seem Romantic in origin, but are ultimately subversive of all fixed points of view, all single outlooks, including the Romantic" and that "he is simultaneously Romantic and not Romantic".
368:. However, the Romantic poets differed in their views about nature. Wordsworth recognized nature as a living thing, teacher, god, and everything. These feelings are fully developed and expressed in his
1251:
sold in London in a single day. However, Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly after his death and into the 20th
Century as academics began to appreciate poets like Walt Whitman,
1259:. In the twentieth century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted, "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings." 20th-century poet
214:
intentionally re-imagined the way poetry should sound: "By fitting to metrical arrangement a selection of the real language of men," Wordsworth and his
English contemporaries, such as Coleridge,
605:
of German-speaking countries in the late-18th and early 19th centuries. Compared to
English Romanticism, German Romanticism developed relatively late, and, in the early years, coincided with
880:
came to the fore. Pushkin is credited with both crystallizing the literary
Russian language and introducing a new level of artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel as
4967:
364:
Love for nature is another important feature of
Romantic poetry, as a source of inspiration. This poetry involves a relationship with external nature and places, and a belief in
725:
and what was seen as the failure of the Analytic of the Sublime to accomplish the task set before it: bridging the gap between pure and practical reason. In a different vein,
1245:(1807–1882), was the most popular poet of his day. He was one of the first American celebrities and was also popular in Europe, and it was reported that 10,000 copies of
989:
was a major influence on almost all Russian poets of the Golden Era, including Pushkin, Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Baratynsky, Delvig and, especially, Lermontov.
4046:
788:
epoch of German philosophy and literature, was described as a movement against classical and realistic theories of literature, a contrast to the rationality of the
160:, an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. It involved a reaction against prevailing
1797:. Excerpted from "Liquid Fire Within Me": Language, Self and Society in Transcendentalism and Early Evangelicalism, 1820-1860, - M.A. Thesis, 1995. Archived from
1263:
concluded "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics." More recently, an
1604:
241:
In the Western cultural context, romanticism substantially contributed to the idea of what a real poet should look like. An idealized statue of a Czech man
571:
The effect of the romantic movement would continue to be felt in the latter half of the 19th-century in diverse literary developments, such as "realism", "
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is between 1809 and 1830, while in Europe, the period is usually seen as running between 1800 and 1850. The Swedish version was very much influenced by
1650:
2355:
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1114:. The period started around when several periodicals were published that criticised the literature of the 18th century. The important periodical
1393:
1622:
1412:
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was a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern region of the United States, rooted in English and
631:
and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the
619:, literally "Storm and Drive", "Storm and Urge", though conventionally translated as "Storm and Stress") is a proto-Romantic movement in
464:
was important to the Romantics. John Keats' poetry is full of allusions to the art, literature and culture of Greece, as for example in "
2709:
609:(1772–1805); in contrast to the seriousness of English Romanticism, the German variety of Romanticism notably valued wit, humour, and
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1371:
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Melancholy occupies a prominent place in romantic poetry, and is an important source of inspiration for the Romantic poets. In '"
2880:
89:
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1958:
1507:
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There are elements of Romanticism in many later works of American poetry. The influence of Whitman is evident in the work of
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61:
4776:
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1994:
1322:, "The more literate and articulate we are, the better our chances for survival as citizens and inhabitants of the earth".
279:
The literary concept of the sublime became important in the eighteenth century. It is associated with the 1757 treatise by
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Some writers consider romantic poetry a way for a better life. Moreover, as Heidi Thomson mentioned in her article,
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2009:
1986:
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Koster, Donald N. (2002), "Influences of Transcendentalism on American Life and Literature". In Galens, David.
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174:
46:
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440:, and Coleridge. They were attracted to exotic, remote and obscure places, and so they were more attracted to
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List Thomson H., Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters. Romanticism. 2020;26(1):38-49. doi:10.3366/rom.2020.0446
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is another important characteristic of romantic poetry, especially in the works of John Keats, for example,
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2019:
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1110:. During this relatively short period, there were so many great Swedish poets, that the era is called the
1046:. The power of human emotion furthermore is emphasised during this period. Leading Romantic poets include
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from the first half of the century was dominated by Romanticism, which is associated with such authors as
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4738:
4522:
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2085:
2034:
1103:
661:
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2380:
766:
4886:
4846:
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1430:"Preface to Lyrical Ballads. William Wordsworth (1800). 1909-14. Famous Prefaces. The Harvard Classics"
1242:
673:
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1951:
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has spearheaded a revival of readership and scholarly interest in the life and poetry of Longfellow.
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These years are given by Tigerstedt, E.N., Svensk litteraturhistoria (Tryckindustri AB, Solna, 1971.
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509:
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3971:
3828:
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3018:
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2024:
1211:
1168:
930:. An alternative assessment suggests that "he had an ability to entertain contrarities [
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35:
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Belief in the importance of the imagination is a distinctive feature of romantic poets such as
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2014:
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82:
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also grappled with similar philosophical issues in a manner different from the Jena circle.
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1944:
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in their poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is the leading romantic poet in this regard, and "
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404:
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135:
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8:
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833:
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3493:
3335:
3284:
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2901:
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2388:
2280:
2221:
1999:
1773:
1337:
1164:
1160:
1099:
1086:(in decadence since its 15th-century Golden Age), with the leading figure in poetry of
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1031:
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540:. Their influence was felt in theatre, poetry, prose fiction. In a 1983 book about the
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contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.
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was first published in 1855, was influenced by transcendentalism. Influenced by
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1667:Розанов. Байронизм // Словарь литературных терминов. Т. 1. — 1925 (текст)
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Classical Music on CD, SACD, DVD and Blu-ray: Russian Settings of Robert Burns
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781:), a scenic walking path on the nearby Heiligenberg, overlooking Heidelberg.
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328:
324:
304:
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227:
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1074:, the Romantic movement was a major trigger for the Catalan Renaissance or '
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that took place from the late 1760s to the early 1780s, in which individual
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in 1864. The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as
680:
ended their period of association with it by initiating what would become
4209:
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3523:
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3370:
3177:
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2747:
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2413:
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2233:
2182:
2055:
1967:
1291:
1260:
1125:
1015:
972:
956:
915:
869:
761:). There was a famous circle of poets, the Heidelberg Romantics, such as
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441:
433:
374:
369:
332:
288:
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195:'s innovative poetry in his new Preface to the second edition (1800) of
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The movement was a reaction to or protest against the general state of
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283:, though it has earlier roots. The idea of the sublime was taken up by
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1588:
Basker, Michael. "Pushkin and Romanticism". In Ferber, Michael, ed.,
1429:
1410:
Romanticism : Introduction – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1071:
960:
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The 19th century is traditionally referred to as the "Golden Era" of
803:
was a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of
715:. These thinkers were primarily concerned with the problems posed by
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or other extraordinary experiences that "take us beyond ourselves."
24:
5012:
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561:
412:...................................................for many a time
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1282:; there are echoes of Transcendentalism in poems about nature by
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permitted a flowering of especially poetic talent: the names of
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in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the Polish-Lithuanian
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448:
has been viewed as an early romantic writer with poems such as
250:
153:
16:
Artistic, literary, musical and intellectual genre and movement
1936:
1030:, and the earlier period of this movement overlapped with the
807:, which began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of
1264:
1137:
257:
143:
1893:. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 1986: 33.
1294:; there are strains of Romantic individualism in writing by
1136:
that had centered on the belief in the glory of the Swedish
777:. A relic of Romanticism is the Philosophers' Walk (German:
676:
was also a notable proponent of the movement, though he and
4409:
2204:
1657:. Heritage.scotsman.com (2005-04-10). Retrieved 2012-06-17.
1530:
From the Theorems of Master Jean de La Ceppède: LXX Sonnets
1039:
1023:
1014:. During the late 18th century to the late 19th century,
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598:
568:, "was forgotten until the Romantics rediscovered him."
1928:
1334:(section Romanticism and the Croatian National Revival)
1038:, as earlier poets had done, these poets tended to use
939:
1733:. American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1961, pp. 143-148.
1489:
1078:', which would gradually bring back prestige to the
1400:. Academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
832:. Some other notable Polish romantic poets include
134:(1889); the group members, from left to right, are
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4968:Early-modern women (England, Wales, Great Britain)
1729:, 2 volums (Stockholm, 1963). First published as
298:
5048:
1686:La Renaixença (The Catalan Cultural Renaissance)
1611:. Europadisc (2009-01-26). Retrieved 2012-06-17.
983:in Russia have not tarnished Burns' reputation.
432:Romantic poetry was attracted to nostalgia, and
890:. An entire new generation of poets including
593:was the dominant intellectual movement in the
4390:
1952:
1929:Contemporary Introductions to Romantic Poets
1754:The Old Norse Element in Swedish Romanticism
1717:, published by the Swedish Institute, 1989.
1495:
1124:(1811), presented a romanticised version of
416:Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme,
414:I have been half in love with easeful Death,
444:than to their own age. Medieval Englishman
378:. In his poem "The Tables Turn" he writes:
4397:
4383:
1959:
1945:
1695:. Lletra.UOC.edu. Retrieved on 2019-01-13.
741:Heidelberg was the centre of the epoch of
258:Characteristics of English romantic poetry
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1452:
736:
422:To cease upon the midnight with no pain.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1891:Visions and Revisions of American Poetry
1767:
1502:. Penguin classics. Penguin. p. 2.
420:Now more than ever seems it rich to die,
236:
187:In early-19th-century England, the poet
120:
1419:. Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
1179:, and the transcendental philosophy of
951:became a "people's poet" in Russia. In
352:Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
5049:
1823:. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007: 7–8.
1783:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
1676:. Feb-web.ru. Retrieved on 2012-06-17.
1582:
1461:- first delivered as a lecture in 1818
1386:
1384:
926:through Romanticism and ultimately to
4378:
4306:Romanticism and the French Revolution
1940:
1821:American Transcendentalism: A History
1623:"Sure way of getting Burns all wrong"
1473:"The Sublime: From A Poet's Glossary"
656:is considered to be the ideologue of
649:, which was first performed in 1777.
418:To take into the air my quiet breath;
940:Influence of British Romantic poetry
484:" is full of supernatural elements.
272:, the sublime may also refer to the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1792:
1590:A Companion to European Romanticism
1477:The Sublime: From A Poet's Glossary
1381:
687:
639:movements. The period is named for
13:
4404:
1548:
1378:. Uh.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-17.
1010:were major influences on Romantic
713:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
471:
348:To see a world in a grain of sand,
14:
5078:
1453:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1914).
1320:Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters
1140:or Goths. The early 19th-century
1050:(considered the most important),
999:Romanticism in Spanish literature
5030:
4359:
4358:
1844:, Vol. 1. Detroit: Thomson Gale.
1563:The History of Polish Literature
1241:Another American Romantic poet,
1151:
476:Most of the romantic poets used
383:One impulse from the vernal wood
359:
23:
1966:
1917:
1904:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1842:Literary Movements for Students
1834:
1813:
1786:
1751:Benson, Adolph Burnett (1914),
1745:
1736:
1731:A History of Swedish Literature
1725:, pp. 67-68; Gustafson, Alrik,
1715:A History of Swedish Literature
1707:
1698:
1679:
1660:
1641:
1614:
1595:
1496:Rolle, R.; Wolters, C. (1981).
1248:The Courtship of Miles Standish
908:Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy
487:
303:Romantic poetry contrasts with
34:needs additional citations for
1568:University of California Press
1535:
1522:
1464:
1446:
1422:
1403:
1362:
1221:(1819–1892), whose major work
959:were so out of touch with the
876:and later that of his protégé
749:) in Germany. The phase after
514:François-René de Chateaubriand
427:
323:, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and
314:
299:Reaction against neoclassicism
262:
175:Romantic literature in English
1:
4329:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1355:
918:followed in Pushkin's steps.
398:
1795:"American Transcendentalism"
1764:(Columbia University Press).
1727:Svenska literature's history
1579:. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
1214:was of particular interest.
1187:. It was also influenced by
963:that Burns, translated into
670:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
641:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
455:
350:And heaven in a wild flower,
7:
1369:Introduction to Romanticism
1325:
662:Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
291:poets including especially
10:
5083:
4246:Coleridge's theory of life
1924:Article on Romantic Poetry
1592:. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.
1243:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
996:
674:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
672:also significant figures.
585:
385:Can teach you more of man,
172:
168:
5026:
4955:
4762:
4416:
4338:
4301:Romanticism and economics
4238:
4130:
3877:
3699:
3644:
3613:
3537:
3486:
3435:
3394:
3303:
3247:
3211:
3165:
3156:
3001:
2945:
2894:
2853:
2812:
2766:
2708:
2578:
2457:
2379:
2316:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2298:
2289:
2175:
2043:
1974:
1340:(section Pre-Romanticism)
1313:
1232:worthy of poetic praise.
1093:
859:
795:
496:
354:And eternity in an hour.
2081:German historical school
1471:mphillips (2014-10-29).
1253:Edwin Arlington Robinson
992:
767:Johann Joseph von Görres
438:La Belle Dame Sans Merci
2728:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1648:"From Rabbie with love"
1212:Harvard Divinity School
1144:version emphasised the
701:August Wilhelm Schlegel
566:French Wars of Religion
387:Of moral evil and good,
193:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4311:Romanticism in science
4266:Middle Ages in history
4261:List of Romantic poets
2973:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1306:, and the work of the
1206:. The doctrine of the
1048:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
1018:spread in the form of
778:
771:Ludwig Achim von Arnim
763:Joseph von Eichendorff
755:Heidelberg Romanticism
737:Heidelberg Romanticism
425:
392:
357:
254:
208:
146:
132:Louis Edouard Fournier
127:The Funeral of Shelley
4281:Romantic epistemology
4271:Opium and Romanticism
2840:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2066:Counter-Enlightenment
1889:Turco, Lewis Putnam.
1528:Keith Bosley (1983),
900:Konstantin Batyushkov
820:January 1863 Uprising
801:Romanticism in Poland
575:", and the so-called
518:Alphonse de Lamartine
510:Alexandre Dumas, père
478:supernatural elements
409:
380:
345:
341:Auguries of Innocence
240:
203:
124:
4345:Age of Enlightenment
1987:England (literature)
1629:on December 11, 2004
1541:E.g. H. B. Garland,
1210:church as taught at
1175:, the skepticism of
1142:Romantic nationalist
1052:Manuel José Quintana
854:Józef Bohdan Zaleski
838:Cyprian Kamil Norwid
814:Ballads and Romances
790:Age of Enlightenment
722:Critique of Judgment
466:Ode on a Grecian Urn
405:Ode to a Nightingale
389:Then all sages can.
43:improve this article
5057:Romantic literature
4296:Romantic psychology
2091:Hudson River School
2035:Sweden (literature)
2020:Russia (literature)
1774:"Transcendentalism"
1742:Algulin, pp. 67-68.
1565:, IV, pp. 195–280.
1459:. Harvard Classics.
1332:Croatian literature
1229:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1148:as heroic figures.
1118:, published by the
731:Heinrich von Kleist
727:Friedrich Hölderlin
654:Johann Georg Hamann
580:"decadent" movement
564:cause", during the
305:Neoclassical poetry
4639:Pennsylvania Dutch
2281:White Mountain art
2222:Historical fiction
2030:Spain (literature)
1779:2010-07-11 at the
1760:2016-03-03 at the
1713:Algulin, Ingemar,
1691:2019-01-14 at the
1672:2008-10-24 at the
1653:2011-06-05 at the
1607:2011-10-07 at the
1415:2015-05-04 at the
1396:2011-04-08 at the
1374:2011-03-07 at the
1351:(Hindi literature)
1338:Serbian literature
1261:Lewis Putnam Turco
1165:Biblical criticism
1161:German Romanticism
1100:Swedish literature
1068:José de Espronceda
1066:and Spanish), and
1032:Age of Revolutions
955:times the Russian
896:Yevgeny Baratynsky
866:Russian literature
759:Berlin Romanticism
697:Friedrich Schlegel
678:Friedrich Schiller
591:German Romanticism
546:Jean de La Ceppède
337:Alessandro Manzoni
293:William Wordsworth
255:
189:William Wordsworth
147:
5044:
5043:
5037:Poetry portal
4372:
4371:
4286:Romantic medicine
4256:List of romantics
3695:
3694:
3346:Felix Mendelssohn
3341:Fanny Mendelssohn
3152:
3151:
2866:Rosalía de Castro
2804:Soares dos Passos
2152:Transcendentalism
2116:Nazarene movement
2076:Düsseldorf School
1509:978-1-61025-192-1
1344:Rhine romanticism
1191:, especially the
1157:Transcendentalism
1130:cultural movement
1128:, a 17th-century
1108:German literature
1060:Rosalía de Castro
1028:Western societies
977:French Revolution
975:ethos behind the
892:Mikhail Lermontov
878:Alexander Pushkin
850:Antoni Malczewski
842:Zygmunt Krasiński
682:Weimar Classicism
621:German literature
607:Weimar Classicism
554:Agrippa d'Aubigné
534:Théophile Gautier
502:French literature
243:Karel Hynek Mácha
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Romantic poetry"
5074:
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4375:
4362:
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4321:Evolution theory
3163:
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2157:Ukrainian school
1961:
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1801:on 16 April 2013
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1634:
1625:. Archived from
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1543:Storm and Stress
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1499:The Fire of Love
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1434:www.bartleby.com
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1388:
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1189:Indian religions
1088:Jacint Verdaguer
1080:Catalan language
904:Nikolay Nekrasov
874:Vasily Zhukovsky
846:Tymon Zaborowski
834:Juliusz Słowacki
811:'s first poems,
775:Clemens Brentano
753:is often called
751:Jena Romanticism
693:Jena Romanticism
688:Jena Romanticism
652:The philosopher
530:Alfred de Musset
522:Gérard de Nerval
462:classical Greece
450:The Fire of Love
407:", Keats wrote:
191:defined his and
183:Romantic sonnets
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4291:Romantic poetry
4276:Romantic ballet
4251:German idealism
4234:
4200:Lacoue-Labarthe
4126:
3873:
3691:
3640:
3609:
3590:Rimsky-Korsakov
3533:
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3299:
3243:
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2890:
2849:
2808:
2762:
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2645:Maria Edgeworth
2581:
2574:
2453:
2375:
2285:
2264:Romantic genius
2194:Gesamtkunstwerk
2171:
2132:Sturm und Drang
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1609:Wayback Machine
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1545:(London, 1952).
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1469:
1465:
1456:On Poesy or Art
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1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:Wayback Machine
1408:
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1398:Wayback Machine
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1376:Wayback Machine
1367:
1363:
1358:
1328:
1316:
1308:Beat Generation
1276:Langston Hughes
1236:Edgar Allan Poe
1224:Leaves of Grass
1200:intellectualism
1185:German Idealism
1154:
1104:Romantic period
1096:
1001:
995:
942:
912:Fyodor Tyutchev
882:sonnet sequence
862:
809:Adam Mickiewicz
798:
739:
690:
658:Sturm und Drang
646:Sturm und Drang
635:and associated
617:Sturm und Drang
588:
548:, English poet
538:Alfred de Vigny
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472:Supernaturalism
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343:", Blake said:
317:
309:William J. Long
301:
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232:On Poesy or Art
212:Lyrical Ballads
198:Lyrical Ballads
185:
173:Main articles:
171:
150:Romantic poetry
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2293:
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2278:
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2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2200:Gothic fiction
2197:
2190:
2188:British Marine
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Gothic revival
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1833:
1812:
1793:Finseth, Ian.
1785:
1766:
1744:
1735:
1706:
1697:
1678:
1659:
1640:
1613:
1594:
1581:
1555:Czesław Miłosz
1547:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1488:
1463:
1445:
1421:
1402:
1380:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1324:
1315:
1312:
1280:E. E. Cummings
1173:Schleiermacher
1153:
1150:
1121:Gothic Society
1095:
1092:
1012:Spanish poetry
997:Main article:
994:
991:
969:Samuil Marshak
941:
938:
924:neo-Classicism
861:
858:
824:Russian Empire
805:Polish culture
797:
794:
779:Philosophenweg
738:
735:
689:
686:
587:
584:
544:Catholic poet
526:Charles Nodier
498:
495:
489:
486:
473:
470:
457:
454:
429:
426:
410:
400:
397:
381:
361:
358:
346:
316:
313:
300:
297:
264:
261:
259:
256:
179:English poetry
170:
167:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5079:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
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5054:
5052:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
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5001:
4999:
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4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
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4979:
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4958:
4954:
4948:
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4940:
4938:
4935:
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4930:
4928:
4927:South African
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:New Zealander
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
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4707:
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4309:
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4018:
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4008:
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3998:
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3993:
3990:
3988:
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3428:
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3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
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3379:
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3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Nikolai Gogol
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
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2938:
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2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
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2918:
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2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
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2879:
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2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
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2859:
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2852:
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2838:
2836:
2833:
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2828:
2826:
2823:
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2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:P. B. Shelley
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Mary Robinson
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Chateaubriand
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Mal du siècle
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1907:
1900:
1899:0-938626-49-3
1896:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1829:0-8090-3477-8
1826:
1822:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:91-520-0239-X
1720:
1716:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1620:Peter Henry.
1617:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1577:0-520-04477-0
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:"Romanticism"
1556:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:Adrienne Rich
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:Carl Sandburg
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Immanuel Kant
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:United States
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:José Zorrilla
1053:
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3701:Philosophers
3585:Rachmaninoff
3034:Chavchavadze
3024:Baratashvili
2784:João de Deus
2753:Wincenty Pol
2545:Küchelbecker
2273:
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1995:(literature)
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1906:
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1296:Frank O'Hara
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
5003:Speculative
4993:Performance
4797:Bangladeshi
4444:Azerbaijani
4417:By language
4037:Michałowski
3869:Wackenroder
3834:F. Schlegel
3829:A. Schlegel
3605:Tchaikovsky
3494:Bortkiewicz
3366:R. Schumann
3361:C. Schumann
3326:Kalkbrenner
3295:Saint-Saëns
2600:Anne Brontë
2485:Eichendorff
2470:B. v. Arnim
2465:A. v. Arnim
2275:Weltschmerz
2234:Medievalism
2183:Blue flower
2111:Nationalist
2056:Bohemianism
1968:Romanticism
1853:Bayless, 40
1391:Romanticism
1292:Gary Snyder
1126:Gothicismus
1026:throughout
1016:Romanticism
973:egalitarian
957:aristocracy
916:Afanasy Fet
870:Romanticism
747:Romanticism
552:wrote that
506:Victor Hugo
442:Middle Ages
434:medievalism
428:Medievalism
375:The Prelude
333:Victor Hugo
315:Imagination
263:The Sublime
5051:Categories
5008:Surrealist
4887:Nicaraguan
4787:Australian
4765:or culture
4664:Rajasthani
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3356:Moszkowski
3139:Vörösmarty
3129:Shevchenko
2983:Longfellow
2907:Batyushkov
2902:Baratynsky
2871:Espronceda
2738:Mickiewicz
2733:Malczewski
2700:Wordsworth
2685:M. Shelley
2640:de Quincey
2505:Günderrode
2389:Baudelaire
2269:Wanderlust
2106:Lake Poets
1633:2009-06-10
1515:2023-05-30
1482:2018-07-13
1439:2017-11-01
1356:References
1349:Chhayavaad
1269:Dana Gioia
1193:Upanishads
1112:Golden Age
1084:literature
1076:Renaixença
1020:philosophy
987:Lord Byron
981:capitalism
829:Positivism
757:(see also
601:, and the
595:philosophy
562:Protestant
482:Kubla Khan
399:Melancholy
321:John Keats
224:Lord Byron
216:John Keats
69:newspapers
4983:Modernist
4963:Anarchist
4902:Pakistani
4817:Bulgarian
4807:Brazilian
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4734:Ukrainian
4694:Slovenian
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4544:Icelandic
4474:Bulgarian
4424:Afrikaans
4352:Modernism
4012:Kiprensky
3972:Géricault
3957:Friedrich
3947:Delacroix
3922:Constable
3902:Bonington
3892:Bierstadt
3844:Senancour
3819:Schelling
3774:Lamennais
3769:Khomyakov
3734:Coleridge
3729:Chaadayev
3636:Stanković
3631:Mokranjac
3550:Balakirev
3509:Moniuszko
3458:Donizetti
3453:Cherubini
3351:Meyerbeer
3336:Marschner
3311:Beethoven
3224:Moscheles
3158:Musicians
3144:Wergeland
3109:Orbeliani
3064:Grundtvig
2968:Hawthorne
2937:Zhukovsky
2932:Vyazemsky
2917:Lermontov
2876:Gutiérrez
2835:Radičević
2799:Herculano
2723:Krasiński
2665:Radcliffe
2635:Coleridge
2610:E. Brontë
2605:C. Brontë
2535:Jean Paul
2530:Hölderlin
2419:Lamartine
2356:Magalhães
2346:Guimarães
2254:Pantheism
2244:Nostalgia
2096:Indianism
2044:Movements
1975:Countries
1880:Gioia, 68
1532:, page 4.
1208:Unitarian
1072:Catalonia
961:peasantry
637:aesthetic
573:symbolism
558:epic poet
456:Hellenism
366:pantheism
274:grotesque
99:June 2016
4998:Romantic
4988:National
4973:Feminist
4917:Romanian
4907:Peruvian
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4877:Nepalese
4842:Ghanaian
4832:Estonian
4822:Canadian
4792:Austrian
4777:American
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4669:Romanian
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4564:Japanese
4529:Gujarati
4489:Croatian
4449:Assamese
4439:Armenian
4429:Albanian
4364:Category
4180:Dahlhaus
4165:Blanning
4132:Scholars
4102:Tropinin
4097:Tidemand
4087:Stattler
4082:Scheffer
3982:Głowacki
3952:Edelfelt
3907:Bryullov
3849:Snellman
3824:Schiller
3814:Rousseau
3794:Michelet
3739:Constant
3709:Belinsky
3682:Sibelius
3626:Konjović
3600:Scriabin
3570:Lyapunov
3504:Lipiński
3473:Spontini
3463:Paganini
3407:Goldmark
3198:Thalberg
3193:Schubert
3173:Bruckner
3134:Topelius
3124:Runeberg
3114:Prešeren
3084:Leopardi
3049:Frashëri
3039:Eminescu
3019:Andersen
2927:Tyutchev
2912:Karamzin
2886:Zorrilla
2881:Saavedra
2779:Castilho
2767:Portugal
2758:Słowacki
2660:Polidori
2590:Barbauld
2525:Hoffmann
2480:Brentano
2394:Bertrand
2215:Romantic
2051:Ancients
2025:Scotland
1805:18 April
1777:Archived
1758:Archived
1689:Archived
1670:Archived
1651:Archived
1605:Archived
1571:, 1983.
1413:Archived
1394:Archived
1372:Archived
1326:See also
1064:Galician
1036:allegory
953:Imperial
945:Scottish
786:Romantik
743:Romantik
643:'s play
289:Romantic
287:and the
270:grandeur
136:Trelawny
4956:By type
4947:Turkish
4932:Swedish
4897:Ottoman
4872:Mexican
4867:Israeli
4837:Finnish
4827:Chicano
4802:Bosniak
4754:Yiddish
4709:Swedish
4704:Spanish
4699:Sorbian
4674:Russian
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4609:Maltese
4589:Kurdish
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4574:Konkani
4559:Italian
4523:Ancient
4504:English
4484:Chinese
4479:Catalan
4469:Bosnian
4464:Bengali
4205:Lovejoy
4140:Abraham
4062:Richard
4052:Préault
3977:Girodet
3859:Thoreau
3804:Novalis
3789:Mazzini
3784:Maistre
3759:Hazlitt
3744:Emerson
3724:Carlyle
3714:Berchet
3657:Berwald
3652:Bennett
3621:Hristić
3575:Medtner
3555:Borodin
3545:Arensky
3468:Rossini
3443:Bellini
3422:Joachim
3395:Hungary
3376:Strauss
3304:Germany
3270:Berlioz
3239:Voříšek
3234:Smetana
3212:Czechia
3166:Austria
3099:Maturin
3094:Manzoni
3069:Heliade
3044:Foscolo
3014:Alfieri
3009:Abovian
2963:Emerson
2922:Pushkin
2861:Bécquer
2794:Garrett
2748:Potocki
2695:Southey
2655:Maturin
2625:Carlyle
2582:Britain
2555:Novalis
2510:Gutzkow
2458:Germany
2424:Mérimée
2409:Gautier
2336:Barreto
2331:Azevedo
2311:Alencar
2291:Writers
2210:Byronic
2146:Purismo
2000:Germany
1982:Denmark
1183:and of
1146:Vikings
1008:England
1004:Germany
965:Russian
928:Realism
719:in the
705:Novalis
660:, with
603:culture
586:Germany
560:of the
556:, "the
169:English
156:of the
152:is the
83:scholar
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4852:Indian
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4509:French
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4434:Arabic
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4210:de Man
4195:Janion
4185:Ferber
4160:Berlin
4155:Beiser
4150:Barzun
4145:Abrams
4122:Wiertz
4107:Turner
4057:Révoil
4042:Palmer
4032:Martin
4027:Leutze
4002:Janmot
3962:Fuseli
3917:Church
3809:Quinet
3799:Müller
3754:Goethe
3749:Fichte
3672:Franck
3614:Serbia
3565:Glinka
3538:Russia
3524:Tausig
3519:Stolpe
3499:Chopin
3487:Poland
3448:Busoni
3412:Heller
3381:Wagner
3316:Brahms
3290:Onslow
3280:Halévy
3248:France
3229:Reicha
3219:Dvořák
3188:Mahler
3183:Hummel
3178:Czerny
3074:Isaacs
3054:Geijer
2988:Lowell
2978:Irving
2958:Cooper
2953:Bryant
2895:Russia
2830:Njegoš
2825:Kostić
2820:Jakšić
2813:Serbia
2743:Norwid
2718:Fredro
2710:Poland
2680:Seward
2570:Uhland
2560:Schwab
2550:Mörike
2540:Kleist
2495:Goethe
2490:Fouqué
2439:Nodier
2434:Nerval
2429:Musset
2381:France
2371:Varela
2366:Taunay
2351:Macedo
2299:Brazil
2249:Ossian
2176:Themes
2015:Poland
2010:Norway
1992:France
1897:
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1314:Legacy
1290:, and
1255:, and
1169:Herder
1163:, the
1134:Sweden
1094:Sweden
1044:symbol
860:Russia
796:Poland
773:, and
711:, and
611:beauty
597:, the
497:France
251:Prague
249:Park,
247:Petřín
181:, and
154:poetry
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
5018:Women
4978:Lyric
4937:Swiss
4862:Irish
4857:Iraqi
4847:Greek
4749:Welsh
4744:Uzbek
4719:Tamil
4629:Oriya
4594:Latin
4554:Irish
4539:Hindi
4519:Greek
4499:Dutch
4410:poets
4406:Lists
4316:Bacon
4225:Rosen
4220:Ricks
4215:Nancy
4175:Blume
4170:Bloom
4092:Stroy
4077:Saleh
4072:Runge
4022:Lampi
4007:Jones
3997:Hayez
3932:Corot
3897:Blake
3864:Tieck
3854:Staël
3779:Larra
3764:Hegel
3719:Burke
3677:Grieg
3667:Field
3662:Elgar
3645:Other
3478:Verdi
3436:Italy
3427:Liszt
3417:Hubay
3402:Erkel
3386:Weber
3371:Spohr
3331:Loewe
3321:Bruch
3285:Méhul
3275:Fauré
3265:Auber
3260:Alkan
3119:Raffi
3089:Mácha
3079:Lenau
3029:Botev
3002:Other
2854:Spain
2789:Dinis
2675:Scott
2650:Keats
2630:Clare
2620:Byron
2615:Burns
2595:Blake
2580:Great
2565:Tieck
2520:Heine
2515:Hauff
2449:Vigny
2444:Staël
2404:Dumas
2326:Assis
2321:Alves
2306:Abreu
2259:Rhine
2162:Ultra
2005:Japan
1265:essay
1217:Poet
1138:Geats
1116:Iduna
1070:. In
993:Spain
947:poet
625:music
372:poem
144:Byron
90:JSTOR
76:books
4739:Urdu
4190:Frye
4117:Ward
4112:Veit
4067:Rude
4017:Koch
3992:Gude
3987:Goya
3937:Dahl
3927:Cole
3255:Adam
3203:Wolf
2946:U.S.
2845:Zmaj
2475:Beer
2414:Hugo
2361:Reis
2341:Dias
2205:Hero
2140:Post
2101:Jena
2071:Dark
1895:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1807:2013
1719:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1278:and
1202:and
1177:Hume
1171:and
1102:the
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1042:and
1040:myth
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5013:War
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2993:Poe
2126:Pre
2121:Neo
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