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233:'s counterpoint class at the Conservatoire), and is the better known of the two rhapsodies. The essence of this rhapsody is the dance. Enescu claimed that it was "just a few tunes thrown together without thinking about it", but his surviving sketches show that he carefully worked out the order in which the melodies should appear, and the best instrumental setting for each one. It was completed on 14 August 1901, when Enescu was still only 19 years old.
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Unlike the First
Rhapsody, there is no controversy at all about the scoring of the Second, which is given in the published score as: 3 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets in C, 3 trombones, 2 timpani, cymbal, 2 harps, first violins, second violins, violas,
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The Second
Rhapsody, like the first, was completed in 1901, but is more inward and reflective. Its essential character is not dance, but song. It is based on the popular 19th-century ballad "Pe o stîncă neagră, într-un vechi castel" ("On a dark rock, in an old castle") which, like the opening melody
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of the
Fireman"), followed shortly afterward by the second half of a folksong, "Văleu, lupu mă mănîncă" ("Aiee, I'm being devoured by a wolf!"), which is treated in canon. Toward the end there is a brief moment of animation, bringing to mind the spirit of country lăutari, but the work ends quietly.
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violinist Lae Chioru (Nicolae Filip), from whom Enescu had his first violin lessons at the age of 4, but there is some doubt whether Enescu actually remembered it from Chioru, since the tune had been in circulation in various collections printed as early as 1848 (alternative spelling: "Am un leu şi
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According to the published score, the instrumentation is: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets in C, 2 cornets in A, 3 trombones, tuba, 3 timpani, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, 2 harps, violins I & II, violas, violoncellos,
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The First
Rhapsody is ebullient and outgoing. It begins by quoting the folk song "Am un leu şi vreau să-l beau" (variously translated as "I want to spend my money on drink", "I have a coin, and I want a drink", "I want to spend my shilling on drink", or, more literally, "I have a
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vreau să-l beu"), which Enescu could have consulted. This is soon replaced with a slower melody first introduced in the violins. As the work progresses, this tune grows faster and livelier to climax in a vibrant whirling folk dance, which quotes heavily from the melody from "
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of the First
Rhapsody Enescu may have learned from the lăutar Chioru, though again there is some doubt whether Enescu actually remembered it from Chioru. After a development culminating in a canonic presentation, this theme is joined by a dance tune, "Sîrba lui Pompieru" ("
156:'s best-known compositions. They were written in 1901, and first performed together in 1903. The two rhapsodies, and particularly the first, have long held a permanent place in the repertory of every major orchestra. They employ elements of
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round Enescu's neck: later in his life he bitterly resented the way they had dominated and narrowed his reputation as a composer". He himself recorded each of the rhapsodies three times, but he viewed requests for yet more recordings as "un
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in Bach's
Concerto for Two Violins, as pianist in his own Sonata No. 3 for Violin and Piano (also with Menuhin), and as conductor of his Suite No. 2 for Orchestra, Op. 20, and the Rhapsody, which concluded the programme.
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in
Bucharest which also included the world premiere of Enescu's First Suite for Orchestra, Op. 9 (1903). The composer conducted all three of his own works, which were preceded on the programme by Berlioz's Overture to
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C. H. 1950. "60 Years as Artist Marked by Enesco: Rumanian
Musician Appears in Concert as Violinist, Pianist, Conductor, and Composer". New York Times (22 January): 67.
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in use in
Romania at that time; 8 March 1903 Gregorian). The Second Rhapsody was played first, and Enescu maintained this order of performance throughout his life.
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Reproduced in Mircea
Voicana, Clemansa Firca, Alfred Hoffman, Elena Zottoviceanu, in collaboration with Myriam Marbe, Stefan Niculescu, and Adrian Ratiu,
304:, on 8 May 1939 Enescu conducted a programme of Romanian compositions, which included his Second Romanian Rhapsody. The anonymous programme note stated:
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on 21 January 1950. The concert was billed as a commemoration of his 60th year as an artist, and in it he appeared as violinist together with
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Mircea Voicana, Clemansa Firca, Alfred Hoffman, Elena Zottoviceanu, in collaboration with Myriam Marbe, Stefan Niculescu, and Adrian Ratiu,
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Mircea Voicana, Clemansa Firca, Alfred Hoffman, Elena Zottoviceanu, in collaboration with Myriam Marbe, Stefan Niculescu, and Adrian Ratiu,
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Mircea Voicana, Clemansa Firca, Alfred Hoffman, Elena Zottoviceanu, in collaboration with Myriam Marbe, Stefan Niculescu, and Adrian Ratiu,
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Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata
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Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata
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Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata
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Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata
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Although subsequent sources have occasionally referred to this "Third Rhapsody", it does not appear ever to have existed.
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760:, edited by Andreas Dorschel, 185–96. Studien zur Wertungsforschung 47. Vienna, London, and New York: Universal Edition.
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Rapsodiile române de George Enescu: considerații analitice asupra semnificaţiei limbajului componistic enescian
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Enescu conducted the First Rhapsody at what proved to be his New York farewell concert with members of the
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Nicolas Slonimsky, Laura Kuhn, and Dennis McIntire, "Enesco, Georges (real name, George Enescu)",
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The two Romanian Rhapsodies were composed in Paris, and premiered together in a concert at the
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and I want to drink it"), which is played by oboes and clarinets. The tune was played by the
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435:, 6 vols., edited by Nicolas Slonimsky and Laura Kuhn, 2:1020–21 (New York: Schirmer, 2001)
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262:" ("The skylark"), a folk tune allegedly composed by the Romani composer Angheluș Dinicu.
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Both rhapsodies have received dozens of recordings by other conductors and orchestras.
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Haslmayr, Harald. 2007. "Erinnerung und Landschaft im Werk von George Enescu". In
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The Rhapsody No. 1 in A major is dedicated to the composer and pedagogue
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722:(London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001). Quoted without acknowledgment at
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For all their popularity, the two Romanian Rhapsodies proved to be "an
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775:, with a preface by Sir Yehudi Menuhin. London: Toccata Press.
206:. The concert took place on 23 February 1903 (according to the
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Chiriac, Mircea. 1958. "Rapsodiile române de George Enescu".
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Romanian Athenaeum, at about the time of the premiere there
675:(archive from 30 September 2012, retrieved 18 April 2017)
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673:"Romanian Rhapsody No. 2 in D Major", The Kennedy Center
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492:, Op. 11, Nº1 (Paris: Enoch & Cie Editeurs, ).
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753:8, no. 7 (July): 21–28.
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555:"Andy H-D"
371:References
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100:Dedication
925:Vox maris
796:165872130
355:albatross
260:Ciocârlia
138:orchestra
127:Movements
108:Performed
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168:History
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285:Sîrba
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762:ISBN
718:and
633:and
593:2024
567:2011
437:ISBN
346:here
92:1901
88:1901
76:Opus
361:sic
251:leu
52:Key
32:by
1152::
533:^
497:^
475:^
452:^
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378:^
225:de
202:ro
150:Op
148:,
80:11
1128::
825:e
818:t
811:v
798:.
783:.
768:.
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595:.
569:.
447:.
130:2
117:)
94:)
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