38:
209:
178:, the consular road that supplied Rome and served as a military highway into and out of the City: for this reason once the Roman empire collapsed, Umbria became a strategic battleground fought over by the Church, the Lombards and the Byzantines, and suffered consequently, becoming partitioned among them and disappearing from history. The modern use of "Umbria" is due to a renaissance of local identity in the 17th century.
334:
Pliny states his belief that the
Umbrians once held the north Adriatic coast, displacing Sicilians and Liburnians, and were in turn displaced by the Etruscans. The Gauls expelled them. Romans colonized the Gallic coast to control it, hence "togata."
473:
included the territory of many towns of
Umbrian, Gallic and Roman foundation. Some of them were originally Picentian centres. Pliny the Elder enumerates 44 cities in addition to other minor localities, of these cities today 25 belong to the
319:. The coast of Abruzzo was in Augustus' Region IV; however, Pliny does not say that the Abruzzo was the largest part of Gallia Togata, only that it was the largest part of the region settled by Sicilians and Liburnians. Similarly if
2132:
The present-day Umbria-Marches border divides the ancient urban core in half. Source: Nereo
Alfieri, Le Marche e la fine del mondo antico, in Atti Mem. Deputazione Storia Patria delle Marche. 86, 1983, pp.
2146:
and assumed municipal status in the middle of the 1st century BC. The hypothesis of a pre-existing Gallic settlement remains open, but at the moment it is not supported by archaeological data.
2100:. For the Picentian settlements and necropolises of Matelica, Moscosi, Montedoro and Pesaro, not yet found at the time of the publication of the previous volume, reference was made to:
2232:
275:) of the deluge and therefore that they are the oldest people on Earth. (The ancient Greeks and Romans inherited a mythological tradition of a deluge independent of that of the
2183:
This name has been used by some authors in recent centuries but is not found in ancient sources or in the archaeological record, so it is to be considered incorrect.
1214:
192:
Before its defeat by and assimilation to the Romans, Umbria was an independent region organized al a loose confederation of towns whose inhabitants spoke the
1123:
1005:
1390:
1614:
1453:
111:, who were gradually subjugated by the Romans in the 4th through the 2nd centuries BC. Although it passed the name on to the modern region of
1210:
271:
There follows a folk-etymologic statement concerning the name of the Umbri. People believe, he says, that they are named from the thunderstorms (
1100:
283:"The largest part of this district was occupied by Sicilians and Liburnians especially the territories of Palma, Praetutia and Adria."
279:.) Some of his further statements appear to be equivocal, leading to some historical misidentification of Gallia Togata. He declares:
2063:
between the Roman city and the present settlement, the nearest present location to the ancient urban site is indicated preceded by
395:
Ptolemy, 2nd century geographer, does not lump Gallia Togata together with Umbria, but describes them as separate regions.
37:
212:
Ancient Umbria and the Gallic coast. Extracted and adapted from The
Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911.
827:
41:
Map of Italy in the time of
Augustus, showing the Gallic coast and the places mentioned by Pliny. Taken from the
2237:
423:. This region is somewhat larger than the one of the same name in Augustus' time, comprising almost all of
17:
252:
to "this side of Rimini." The southernmost point of Gallia Togata is Ancona. He mentions the Aesis River (
164:
2242:
59:
155:(its ancient name is unknown), two Etruscan cities – were not part of Roman Umbria; on the contrary
2038:
In the present territory of the Marche region there were 35 Roman cities in Roman times, 19 in the
1996:
72:
31:
2165:. LE TRIBÙ ROMANE. Atti della XVIe Rencontre sur lʼépigraphie (in Italian). Bari. pp. 15–20
1695:
815:
127:; at the same time, it excluded the Sabine country (generally speaking, the area around modern
220:
changed its borders. These changes are reflected in the writings of the imperial geographers.
200:. By the late republic, Umbria was part of Rome. The language was no longer generally spoken.
123:
on the
Adriatic coast, thus including a large part of central Italy that now belongs to the
1597:
67:
1723:
8:
1990:
174:
The importance of Umbria in Roman and medieval times was intimately bound up with the
1942:
1374:
328:
193:
451:
For the Umbri
Ptolemy has only nine towns, omitting some of the major ones: Arna,
2197:
2121:
233:
136:
77:
2247:
2157:
2113:
572:
424:
197:
168:
104:
415:," is Gallia Togata. Thirteen towns are listed for it, which are south of the
163:
birthplace, was considered to be "in Umbria", while today it is in the modern
2226:
1756:
1668:
1263:
703:
352:
276:
1769:
1576:
1506:
1273:
1184:
1164:
831:
669:
175:
1848:
882:
850:
795:
376:
292:
1471:
1410:
1344:
968:
751:
723:
1234:
436:
196:. This circumstance prevailed in history during the early and middle
80:, who informs his readers he is basing the geography of Italy on the
2159:
Le tribĂą romane nella regio V e nella parte adriatica della regio VI
208:
1819:
1497:
1243:
1048:
714:
689:
655:
428:
420:
416:
411:. The strip of country "above" the Apennines, "extending as far as
368:
364:
63:
2209:
1906:
1652:
1636:
1562:
1534:
1439:
1401:
1109:
1077:
921:
487:
483:
432:
412:
408:
372:
296:
265:
244:
Gallia Togata went along the northern
Adriatic coast of Italy in
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
120:
1932:
1874:
1306:
1157:, destroyed by the Romans, was founded again by them nearby as
991:
950:
622:
479:
475:
452:
404:
380:
356:
344:
324:
308:
257:
249:
245:
128:
124:
112:
97:
93:
115:, the two coincide only partially. Roman Umbria extended from
30:
This article is about
Augustus' Regio VI. For other uses, see
1937:
1587:
1143:
1022:
440:
384:
253:
187:
132:
116:
108:
2047:
1789:
778:
537:
492:
456:
360:
348:
261:
931:
Umbrian foundation, according to some authors in 1480 a.C.
203:
1327:
In triumviral and augustean age the city got the name of
375:, Market of Flaminius, Market of Julius, Market Brenta,
327:
then Gallia Togata would appear to be a synonym for all
2233:
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
343:
For Umbria proper Pliny simply lists the settlements:
307:, capital city of the Petrutii. From Interamnea comes
256:) north of there, Senagallia (Sinigaglia), Pisaurum (
2142:The city of Suasa arose in the 3rd century BC as a
119:in the South, northeastward to the neighborhood of
2029:, Roma, Biblioteca di Storia Patria, 1976, Vol. V.
550:Picentian, later Roman colonia deduced in 247 a.C.
90:Umbria complexa agrumque Gallicam citra Ariminium
2224:
2046:. Source: Archeologia nelle Marche, Mario Luni,
331:. However, Veneto is not "this side of Rimini."
1572:Umbrian, Roman colonia was founded in 241 a.C.
1319:Picentian, then, from 184 a.C., Roman colonia
84:, "division of Italy", made by Augustus. The
1992:The shores of the Adriatic: the Italian side
216:Like any other region, over the centuries
96:including the Gallic country this side of
2208:
2104:, Roma, De Luca, 1999. ISBN 88-8016-332-9
2009:
1972:
1970:
462:
70:. The main source for the regions is the
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
207:
36:
2196:
1988:
1976:
1961:
204:Umbria in the geographers of the empire
14:
2225:
2156:Paci, Gianfranco (8–10 October 2009).
1967:
2069:
826:Roman: founded in 220 a.C. by censor
2155:
1989:Jackson, Frederick Hamilton (1906).
2090:Popoli e civiltĂ dell'Italia antica
2027:Popoli e civiltĂ dell'Italia antica
24:
1964:, Book III, Chapter V, Section 46.
446:
398:
25:
2259:
1153:Umbrian. Founded by Umbrians as
338:
264:) at the mouth of the Metaurus (
239:
181:
55:Regio VI Umbria et Ager Gallicus
2190:
2177:
2149:
2136:
2126:
1995:. London: John Murray. p.
502:
232:is described in some detail by
2107:
2053:
2050:, pag. 136, ISBN 88-392-0744-9
2032:
2015:
2003:
1982:
1955:
1032:Umbrian foundation in 672 a.C.
13:
1:
1948:
791:Picentian, then Roman colonia
135:, which – being inhabited by
58:) is the name for one of the
1484:Roman colonia since 283 a.C.
1329:colonia Iulia Felix Pisaurum
975:Splendidissima colonia Julia
131:) and the right bank of the
7:
1926:
830:during the construction of
419:, but are as far inland as
10:
2264:
1650:Roman municipium ruled by
390:
185:
29:
27:Subdivision of Roman Italy
843:Forum Julii Concupiensium
311:and from Praetutia comes
103:Umbria is named after an
88:("6th Region") is called
60:11 administrative regions
2120:, Sansoni, 1977. Citing
1979:, Book III, Chapter XIV.
323:is taken to be Adria in
223:
165:province of Forlì-Cesena
802:Colonia Julia Fanestris
62:into which the emperor
32:Umbria (disambiguation)
2102:Piceni popolo d'Europa
2012:, Book III, Chapter 1.
816:San Giovanni Profiamma
371:, Dolates Sallentini,
285:
213:
46:
478:region and 16 to the
281:
211:
45:, first edition 1876.
40:
2238:History of le Marche
2010:Ptolemy & 2nd AD
1598:Castelleone di Suasa
305:Interamnia Praetutia
2118:Le Tavole di Gubbio
1818:Borgo Tufico, near
1696:Sant'Angelo in Vado
1688:Tifernum Metaurense
1204:Nuceria Favoniensis
500:
2021:Delia G. Lollini,
1977:Pliny & 1st AD
1962:Pliny & 1st AD
1893:Urvinum Mataurense
1868:Urvinum Metaurense
1717:Tifernum Tiberinum
1366:Pitinum Pisaurense
1175:Nuceria Camellaria
868:nell'etĂ augustea
493:
260:) and then Fanum (
214:
139:– formed part of
82:descriptio Italiae
73:Historia Naturalis
47:
43:Nordisk familjebok
2243:History of Umbria
2092:), chapters from
2086:La CiviltĂ Picena
2023:La civiltĂ picena
1924:
1923:
1749:Lucana Trebiensis
1724:CittĂ di Castello
427:. The towns are:
299:south of Ancona.
141:Regio VII Etruria
16:(Redirected from
2255:
2217:
2205:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2111:
2105:
2082:
2067:
2061:urban continuity
2057:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1943:Umbrian language
1891:Sometimes named
1841:Urvinum Hortense
1620:Sometimes named
1610:Roman foundation
1375:Macerata Feltria
1286:Roman foundation
1016:Interamna Nahars
598:Civitella d'Arna
501:
367:, Casuentillum,
329:Gallia Cisalpina
295:on the coast of
194:Umbrian language
21:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2223:
2222:
2202:Natural History
2198:Pliny the Elder
2193:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2122:Iguvine Tablets
2112:
2108:
2084:Delia Lollini,
2083:
2070:
2059:If there is no
2058:
2054:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1929:
1336:Pitinum Mergens
874:Forum Sempronii
828:Gaius Flaminius
654:Attiggio, near
468:
449:
401:
393:
341:
242:
234:Pliny the Elder
226:
206:
190:
184:
78:Pliny the Elder
50:Regio VI Umbria
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2148:
2135:
2125:
2114:Giacomo Devoto
2106:
2068:
2052:
2042:and 16 in the
2031:
2014:
2002:
1981:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1161:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
989:
984:
978:
977:
972:
961:
958:
955:
953:
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
932:
929:
926:
924:
919:
914:
904:
903:
901:
896:
893:
890:
885:
879:
876:
870:
869:
862:
860:
858:
855:
853:
847:
845:
839:
838:
836:
834:
824:
821:
819:
813:
811:
809:Forum Flaminii
805:
804:
799:
792:
789:
786:
781:
776:
773:
771:Fanum Fortunae
767:
766:
764:
762:
759:
756:
754:
749:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
731:
728:
726:
720:
718:
710:
709:
707:
700:
697:
694:
692:
687:
682:
676:
675:
673:
666:
663:
660:
658:
652:
647:
641:
640:
638:
633:
630:
627:
625:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
607:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
580:
577:
575:
570:
565:
559:
558:
556:
551:
548:
545:
540:
535:
533:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
467:
463:The cities of
461:
448:
445:
425:Emilia-Romagna
400:
397:
392:
389:
340:
337:
241:
238:
225:
222:
205:
202:
198:Roman Republic
186:Main article:
183:
180:
169:Emilia-Romagna
143:: for example
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2260:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2180:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1669:Gualdo Tadino
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:Suasa Senonum
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:ager Gallicus
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:ager Gallicus
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:Umbria/Marche
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:ager Gallicus
1378:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
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1379:
1365:
1356:
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1322:
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684:
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507:Umbrian name
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403:In Ptolemy,
402:
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355:, Attiglio,
342:
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287:This Adria (
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147:(the modern
140:
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52:(also named
49:
48:
42:
18:Roman Umbria
2212:(c. 100s).
2144:praefectura
1849:Collemancio
883:Fossombrone
851:Pietralunga
522:Gens/Tribus
510:Modern name
377:Fossombrone
293:Atri, Italy
230:sexta regio
86:Regio Sexta
2227:Categories
2169:4 November
1949:References
1887:Stellatina
1803:Crustumina
1736:Crustumina
1708:Crustumina
1547:Crustumina
1472:Senigallia
1411:Colfiorito
1357:Crustumina
1345:Acqualagna
1323:Stellatina
1215:Capodacqua
1124:Stellatina
1006:Crustumina
866:municipium
752:Montefalco
724:San Gemini
519:Foundation
504:Latin name
495:Cities of
2214:Geography
2098:Piceno VI
1832:Oufentina
1556:Spoletium
1424:Oufentina
1235:Ocriculum
1101:Mevaniola
1058:Picentian
944:Hispellum
917:Fulkinion
908:Fulginium
895:Picentian
818:(Foligno)
680:Camerinum
650:Atiersium
486:and 1 to
437:Brescello
321:Hadrianus
301:Praetutia
289:Hadrianus
268:) River.
218:Region VI
137:Etruscans
2094:Piceno I
2044:Regio VI
1927:See also
1820:Fabriano
1528:Sestinum
1498:Sentinum
1391:Ufentina
1299:Pisaurum
1244:Otricoli
1155:Nequinum
1139:Nequinum
1062:Cornelia
1049:Matelica
1042:Matilica
935:Cornelia
912:Fulginia
742:Corculon
715:Carsulae
704:Cornelia
690:Camerino
656:Fabriano
645:Attidium
497:Regio VI
471:Regio VI
465:Regio VI
429:Piacenza
421:Piacenza
417:Po River
369:Carsulae
365:Camerino
359:, Arna,
315:, later
313:Aprutium
66:divided
64:Augustus
2210:Ptolemy
2040:Regio V
1916:Umbrian
1907:Bettona
1900:Vettona
1812:Tuficum
1799:Umbrian
1770:Aemilia
1678:Umbrian
1665:Tarsina
1661:Tadinum
1653:duoviri
1637:Sigillo
1629:Suillum
1615:Camilia
1577:Horatia
1563:Spoleto
1541:Toscana
1535:Sestino
1519:Lemonia
1454:Pupinia
1449:Umbrian
1446:Romagna
1440:Sarsina
1433:Sarsina
1420:Umbrian
1402:Plestia
1253:Umbrian
1224:Umbrian
1194:Umbrian
1180:Noukria
1165:Papiria
1119:Umbrian
1116:Romagna
1110:Galeata
1091:Aemilia
1087:Umbrian
1078:Bevagna
1071:Mevania
1001:Umbrian
987:Ikuvium
982:Iguvium
966:, then
964:Lemonia
960:Umbrian
922:Foligno
761:Umbrian
747:Falisci
699:Umbrian
670:Lemonia
665:Umbrian
632:Umbrian
616:Asisium
606:Umbrian
582:Umbrian
488:Tuscany
484:Romagna
459:, etc.
443:, etc.
433:Fidenza
413:Ravenna
409:Picenum
391:Ptolemy
387:, etc.
373:Foligno
317:Abruzzo
297:Abruzzi
266:Metauro
161:Plautus
157:Sarsina
153:Orvieto
149:Perugia
145:Perusia
121:Ravenna
2088:, (in
2065:"near"
1933:Umbria
1913:Umbria
1881:Marche
1875:Urbino
1855:Umbria
1826:Marche
1796:Umbria
1785:Tutere
1763:Umbria
1745:Trebia
1730:Umbria
1702:Marche
1675:Umbria
1643:Umbria
1607:Marche
1569:Umbria
1513:Marche
1488:Pollia
1481:Marche
1384:Marche
1351:Marche
1316:Marche
1307:Pesaro
1290:Pollia
1283:Marche
1250:Umbria
1221:Umbria
1191:Umbria
1150:Umbria
1084:Umbria
1055:Marche
1029:Umbria
998:Umbria
992:Gubbio
957:Umbria
951:Spello
928:Umbria
899:Pollia
892:Marche
857:Umbria
823:Umbria
796:Pollia
788:Marche
758:Umbria
730:Umbria
696:Marche
685:Kamars
662:Marche
636:Sergia
629:Umbria
623:Assisi
603:Umbria
579:Umbria
573:Amelia
563:Ameria
554:Pollia
547:Marche
480:Marche
476:Umbria
453:Spello
407:is in
405:Ancona
381:Gubbio
357:Assisi
353:Amelia
345:Spello
325:Veneto
309:Teramo
273:imbres
258:Pesaro
250:Ancona
246:Marche
151:) and
129:Norcia
125:Marche
113:Umbria
107:, the
98:Rimini
94:Umbria
2248:Umbri
2163:(PDF)
2133:9-34.
1938:Umbri
1858:Roman
1847:near
1780:Tuder
1757:Trevi
1755:near
1694:near
1635:near
1596:near
1588:Suasa
1505:near
1409:near
1373:near
1343:near
1272:near
1264:Ostra
1242:near
1213:near
1144:Narni
1108:near
1023:Terni
969:Julia
881:near
849:near
722:near
531:Aesis
525:Note
441:Parma
385:Terni
291:) is
254:Esino
248:from
224:Pliny
188:Umbri
167:, in
133:Tiber
117:Narni
109:Umbri
68:Italy
2171:2021
2048:2003
1790:Todi
779:Fano
592:Arna
568:Amer
538:Jesi
513:Zone
457:Todi
361:Iesi
349:Todi
262:Fano
228:The
100:").
2096:to
2025:in
303:is
76:of
2229::
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2116:,
2071:^
1969:^
1747:o
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2204:.
2173:.
1999:.
1997:9
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1370:-
1340:-
1303:-
1269:-
878:-
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34:.
20:)
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