1576:
58:
44:
919:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
733:
Rolled oats can be eaten without further heating or cooking, if they are soaked for 1–6 hours in water-based liquid, such as water, milk, or plant-based dairy substitutes. The required soaking duration depends on shape, size and pre-processing technique.
918:
725:
oats (sometimes called "pinhead oats", especially if cut small) are oat groats that have been chopped by a sharp-bladed machine before any steaming, and thus retain bits of the bran layer.
897:
602:
714:, raw oat groats are often further steam-treated to soften them for a quicker cooking time and to denature the enzymes for a longer shelf life.
655:; when the oats are rolled thinner and steam-cooked more in the factory, they will later absorb water much more easily and cook faster into a
706:
oat grains, the remainder is called oat groats. Since the bran layer, though nutritious, makes the grains tougher to chew and contains an
926:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
889:
1097:"The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Oats and Oat Beta Glucan: Modes of Action and Potential Role of Bile Acids and the Microbiome"
1028:
931:
945:
1487:
1331:
647:
often become fragmented. Rolled whole oats, without further processing, can be cooked into a porridge and eaten as
1174:
598:
885:
1603:
674:, which breaks down to nearly a liquid consistency when boiled. Cooked oatmeal powder is often used as
589:
1548:
980:
1441:
633:, before being rolled into flat flakes under heavy rollers and then stabilized by being lightly
484:
1306:
1048:"Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
1002:
445:
1613:
1436:
1401:
458:
1553:
1472:
510:
471:
8:
1512:
601:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1623:
1598:
1336:
1167:
1131:
1096:
1072:
1047:
762:
497:
425:
167:
1507:
1136:
1118:
1077:
937:
927:
523:
268:
1608:
1203:
1126:
1108:
1067:
1059:
983:. The Nutrition Source, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University. 2020
810:
738:
285:
1558:
1543:
1477:
1231:
830:
814:
711:
573:
1563:
1538:
1366:
1275:
1238:
921:
850:
722:
31:
659:, and when processed this way are sometimes called "quick" or "instant" oats.
1618:
1592:
1579:
1451:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1341:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1255:
1160:
1122:
834:
826:
698:
that must be removed before the grain can be eaten. After the outer husk (or
123:
1113:
1063:
1381:
1346:
1326:
1296:
1217:
1140:
1081:
941:
782:
746:
634:
536:
99:
1095:
Joyce, Susan A.; Kamil, Alison; Fleige, Lisa; Gahan, Cormac G. M. (2019).
884:
1522:
1223:
838:
798:
766:
615:
335:
83:
24:
20:
1517:
1467:
1361:
1210:
822:
802:
302:
251:
1497:
1492:
1421:
1386:
1321:
818:
675:
403:
390:
377:
364:
221:
1446:
1416:
1316:
1265:
860:
855:
806:
656:
626:
234:
1426:
1391:
1351:
1260:
865:
794:
790:
770:
758:
750:
742:
663:
630:
351:
201:
1431:
1376:
793:(table). In a 100-gram reference amount, whole oats supply 379
754:
707:
691:
667:
622:
318:
57:
43:
1502:
1482:
1371:
1356:
1192:
699:
671:
113:
749:; they simply take longer to cook. Rolled oats are used in
703:
695:
890:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1183:
912:
786:
687:
619:
143:
1045:
1152:
1094:
829:(10 grams per 100 gram serving), whole oats supply
813:(40% and 22% DV, respectively) – and several
923:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
662:Rolled oats are most often the main ingredient in
1046:Whitehead A, Beck EJ, Tosh S, Wolever TM (2014).
643:usually remain unbroken during processing, while
435:
211:
1590:
741:in the same general way as the various forms of
78:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1168:
878:
717:
1175:
1161:
886:United States Food and Drug Administration
797:and contain high amounts (20% or more the
1130:
1112:
1071:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
833:(4 grams per 100 gram serving; table), a
765:(the style of "flapjack" that is like a
670:. They can be further processed into a
1591:
1026:
1020:
960:
1156:
1027:Cloake, Felicity (10 November 2011).
737:Whole oat groats can be cooked as a
1039:
13:
900:from the original on 27 March 2024
702:) has been removed from the still
14:
1635:
1575:
1574:
614:are a type of lightly processed
590:Full Link to USDA Database entry
56:
42:
948:from the original on 9 May 2024
1088:
1029:"How to cook perfect porridge"
995:
825:(59% DV). As a rich source of
781:Whole oats (uncooked) are 68%
728:
710:that can cause the oats to go
574:β-glucan (soluble fibre)
1:
871:
694:, has a hard, inedible outer
88:379 kcal (1,590 kJ)
776:
597:Percentages estimated using
7:
844:
49:A tablespoon of rolled oats
10:
1640:
681:
29:
18:
1572:
1549:Oatmeal cookie (cocktail)
1531:
1460:
1284:
1248:
1190:
718:Steel-cut or pinhead oats
618:food. They are made from
596:
586:
582:
572:
560:
556:
548:
535:
522:
509:
496:
483:
470:
457:
444:
423:
419:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
334:
317:
301:
284:
267:
250:
233:
220:
199:
195:
191:
184:
180:
164:
160:
156:
140:
136:
132:
122:
112:
96:
92:
82:
77:
16:Food made from oat groats
1182:
1442:Stornoway black pudding
1114:10.3389/fnut.2019.00171
1064:10.3945/ajcn.114.086108
1007:The Whole Grain Council
599:US recommendations
1101:Frontiers in Nutrition
603:the National Academies
1437:Staffordshire oatcake
1402:Oatmeal raisin cookie
1196:species and cultivars
186:Vitamins and minerals
841:-lowering effects.
745:, rolled oats, and
286:Pantothenic acid (B
74:
1249:Basic preparations
649:old-fashioned oats
562:Other constituents
72:
1604:Breakfast cereals
1586:
1585:
1508:Oatmeal Creme Pie
1473:It's-It Ice Cream
933:978-0-309-48834-1
641:Thick-rolled oats
609:
608:
552:
551:
1631:
1578:
1577:
1204:Avena abyssinica
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1116:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
977:
958:
957:
955:
953:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
882:
815:dietary minerals
811:pantothenic acid
739:breakfast cereal
645:thin-rolled oats
439:
339:
322:
306:
289:
272:
255:
238:
222:Vitamin A equiv.
215:
182:
181:
75:
73:Rolled oats, dry
71:
60:
46:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1568:
1559:Oat sensitivity
1544:Oat beta-glucan
1527:
1478:Macroom Oatmeal
1456:
1280:
1244:
1232:Avena byzantina
1186:
1181:
1149:
1148:
1093:
1089:
1044:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1003:"Types of Oats"
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
979:
978:
961:
951:
949:
934:
917:
913:
903:
901:
883:
879:
874:
847:
779:
731:
720:
684:
625:that have been
592:
587:
543:
530:
517:
504:
491:
478:
465:
452:
440:
410:
397:
384:
371:
358:
345:
337:
329:
320:
312:
304:
296:
287:
279:
270:
262:
253:
245:
236:
228:
216:
187:
176:
171:
152:
147:
108:
103:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
52:
51:
50:
47:
34:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1564:Smith v Hughes
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Avenanthramide
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:Hobnob biscuit
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:fermented soup
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1285:Culinary usage
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1276:Steel-cut oats
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1239:Avena strigosa
1235:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1147:
1146:
1087:
1058:(6): 1413–21.
1052:Am J Clin Nutr
1038:
1019:
994:
959:
932:
911:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
851:Flattened rice
846:
843:
821:(173% DV) and
778:
775:
730:
727:
719:
716:
683:
680:
607:
606:
594:
593:
588:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
570:
569:
564:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
541:
539:
533:
532:
528:
526:
520:
519:
515:
513:
507:
506:
502:
500:
494:
493:
489:
487:
481:
480:
476:
474:
468:
467:
463:
461:
455:
454:
450:
448:
442:
441:
434:
429:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
408:
406:
400:
399:
395:
393:
387:
386:
382:
380:
374:
373:
369:
367:
361:
360:
356:
354:
348:
347:
343:
341:
332:
331:
327:
325:
315:
314:
310:
308:
299:
298:
294:
292:
282:
281:
277:
275:
265:
264:
260:
258:
248:
247:
243:
241:
231:
230:
226:
224:
218:
217:
210:
205:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
178:
177:
174:
172:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
148:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
116:
110:
109:
106:
104:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
62:
55:
54:
53:
48:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
36:
35:
32:Steel-cut oats
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:White pudding
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Oatmeal stout
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Oatmeal Crisp
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Fruit pudding
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Black pudding
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Anzac biscuit
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1008:
1004:
998:
982:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
947:
943:
939:
935:
929:
925:
924:
915:
899:
895:
891:
887:
881:
877:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
842:
840:
836:
835:soluble fiber
832:
828:
827:dietary fiber
824:
820:
817:, especially
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:, DV) of the
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:carbohydrates
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
726:
724:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:, like other
689:
679:
677:
673:
672:coarse powder
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
653:Scottish oats
650:
646:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:
617:
613:
604:
600:
595:
591:
585:
581:
577:
575:
571:
568:
565:
563:
559:
555:
547:
540:
538:
534:
527:
525:
521:
514:
512:
508:
501:
499:
495:
488:
486:
482:
475:
473:
469:
462:
460:
456:
449:
447:
443:
438:
433:
430:
428:
427:
422:
418:
414:
407:
405:
401:
394:
392:
388:
381:
379:
375:
368:
366:
362:
355:
353:
349:
342:
340:
333:
326:
324:
316:
309:
307:
300:
293:
291:
283:
276:
274:
266:
259:
257:
252:Riboflavin (B
249:
242:
240:
232:
225:
223:
219:
214:
209:
206:
204:
203:
198:
194:
190:
183:
179:
173:
170:
169:
163:
159:
155:
149:
146:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
125:
124:Dietary fiber
121:
117:
115:
111:
105:
102:
101:
100:Carbohydrates
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
76:
59:
45:
33:
26:
22:
1614:Food science
1554:Oat diseases
1382:Oatmeal ball
1347:Gomme (food)
1327:Dock pudding
1297:Atholl brose
1270:
1237:
1230:
1218:Avena sativa
1216:
1209:
1202:
1191:
1150:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1033:The Guardian
1032:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
985:. Retrieved
950:. Retrieved
922:
914:
902:. Retrieved
893:
880:
780:
747:pinhead oats
736:
732:
721:
704:bran-covered
685:
661:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
611:
610:
566:
561:
436:
431:
424:
212:
207:
200:
166:
142:
98:
1523:Uncle Tobys
1513:Quaker Oats
1271:Rolled oats
1224:Kherson oat
839:cholesterol
831:beta-glucan
799:Daily Value
767:granola bar
729:Preparation
616:whole-grain
612:Rolled oats
235:Thiamine (B
25:Rolled/Oats
21:Lemon Jelly
1593:Categories
1518:Ready Brek
1468:Cool-A-Coo
1362:Havreflarn
1211:Avena nuda
872:References
823:phosphorus
803:B vitamins
789:, and 13%
498:Phosphorus
30:See also:
23:song, see
1624:Porridges
1599:Breakfast
1498:Mornflake
1493:McOatmeal
1422:Rock cake
1387:Oat bread
1322:Cranachan
1123:2296-861X
987:14 August
819:manganese
777:Nutrients
763:flapjacks
723:Steel-cut
676:baby food
511:Potassium
485:Manganese
472:Magnesium
404:Vitamin K
391:Vitamin E
378:Vitamin D
365:Vitamin C
336:Vitamin B
319:Folate (B
303:Vitamin B
269:Niacin (B
1580:Category
1488:McCann's
1447:Throdkin
1417:Porridge
1337:Flapjack
1317:Brenntar
1266:Oat milk
1141:31828074
1082:25411276
946:Archived
942:30844154
904:28 March
898:Archived
888:(2024).
861:Oat milk
856:Oat bran
845:See also
807:thiamine
805:–
795:calories
769:, not a
759:oatcakes
657:porridge
627:dehusked
567:Quantity
492:3.630 mg
432:Quantity
426:Minerals
297:1.120 mg
280:1.125 mg
263:0.155 mg
246:0.460 mg
208:Quantity
202:Vitamins
63:Close-up
19:For the
1609:Cereals
1532:Related
1427:Skirlie
1392:Oatcake
1352:Granola
1307:Bannock
1261:Oatmeal
1132:6892284
1107:: 171.
1073:5394769
1012:8 April
952:21 June
866:Oatmeal
791:protein
771:pancake
751:granola
743:oatmeal
692:cereals
682:Process
664:granola
635:toasted
631:steamed
544:3.64 mg
466:4.25 mg
446:Calcium
398:0.42 mg
359:40.4 mg
352:Choline
346:0.00 μg
175:13.15 g
168:Protein
107:67.70 g
1461:Brands
1432:Sowans
1412:Parkin
1377:Muesli
1139:
1129:
1121:
1080:
1070:
981:"Oats"
940:
930:
761:, and
755:muesli
712:rancid
708:enzyme
668:muesli
623:groats
524:Sodium
518:362 mg
505:410 mg
479:138 mg
411:2.0 μg
313:0.1 mg
151:6.52 g
128:10.1 g
118:0.99 g
114:Sugars
84:Energy
1503:Oatly
1483:Maypo
1372:Kasha
1357:Gruel
1302:Avena
1256:Groat
1193:Avena
837:with
785:, 6%
700:chaff
453:52 mg
330:32 μg
1619:Oats
1184:Oats
1137:PMID
1119:ISSN
1078:PMID
1014:2016
989:2020
954:2024
938:PMID
928:ISBN
906:2024
809:and
696:husk
686:The
666:and
629:and
537:Zinc
531:6 mg
490:158%
459:Iron
385:0 μg
372:0 mg
229:0 μg
1127:PMC
1109:doi
1068:PMC
1060:doi
1056:100
894:FDA
787:fat
773:).
688:oat
651:or
620:oat
578:4 g
542:33%
516:12%
503:33%
477:33%
464:24%
437:%DV
295:22%
261:12%
244:38%
213:%DV
144:Fat
1595::
1135:.
1125:.
1117:.
1103:.
1099:.
1076:.
1066:.
1054:.
1050:.
1031:.
1005:.
962:^
944:.
936:.
896:.
892:.
757:,
753:,
678:.
637:.
529:0%
451:4%
409:2%
396:3%
383:0%
370:0%
357:7%
344:0%
338:12
328:8%
311:6%
278:7%
227:0%
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1143:.
1111::
1105:6
1084:.
1062::
1035:.
1016:.
991:.
956:.
908:.
605:.
323:)
321:9
305:6
290:)
288:5
273:)
271:3
256:)
254:2
239:)
237:1
27:.
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