Rock and roll - Knowledge

678:"rhythm and blues" were necessarily mixed with "country music" in order to be dubbed "rock" and thereby gain entrance to history and legend — the official history, that is. Yet African-American rock anticipated Bill Haley's first isolated hit Rock The Joint (1952) by a long way, as shown by its rare original version (by Jimmy Preston in 1948) included here. This "black" rock would discreetly coexist with the first white rock hits. But there is still a clear tendency to relegate African-American rock to the genre's "Prehistory", which would be to say that it is NOT part of the genre. Consequently, and despite their landmark recordings, Tiny Bradshaw, Wynonie Harris, Roy Brown, Smiley Lewis and others have been literally erased from our memories, leaving the official title of "pioneers" to the subsequent generation—Eddie Cochran, Elvis and their like — even though they appeared only five or ten years later. Two black artists still appear amongst the official inventors of rock, however: the undisputed giants named 1387: 690:, with its electric guitar and "it was rocking" chorus in 1949, would still be seen as something like the work of prehistoric men who were ineligible for the "rock" hall of fame. If you admit that the contribution of Euro-American music (not forgetting Hawaiian music), along with bluegrass, Irish popular songs, Cajun music and others, did much to enrich the history of white rock and rockabilly in particular, and while the interaction between "black" and "white" musicians was often the norm, including in the blues domain, the fact remains that the fundamental matrix of the rock genre is African-American. When they added country guitars, it was rockabilly that 1127: 1248: 325: 7530: 7149: 7518: 615: 6692: 1863: 6704: 1582: 555: 965: 1159:, who drew mainly on the country roots of the music. Presley was greatly influenced by and incorporated his style of music with that of some of the greatest Black musicians like BB King, Arthur Crudup and Fats Domino. His style of music combined with black influences created controversy during a turbulent time in history. Many other popular rock and roll singers of the time, such as 1334:'s "Birmingham Bounce" in 1949. The most notable trend, however, was white pop covers of black R&B numbers. The more familiar sound of these covers may have been more palatable to white audiences, there may have been an element of prejudice, but labels aimed at the white market also had much better distribution networks and were generally much more profitable. Famously, 1889:, but also extended to film, clothes, hair, cars and motorcycles, and distinctive language. The youth culture exemplified by rock and roll was a recurring source of concern for older generations, who worried about juvenile delinquency and social rebellion, particularly because, to a large extent, rock and roll culture was shared by different racial and social groups. 2617: 2602: 2587: 483:. The lyrics include the line, "I rock 'em, roll 'em all night long". Freed did not acknowledge the suggestion about that source in interviews, and explained the term as follows: "Rock 'n roll is really swing with a modern name. It began on the levees and plantations, took in folk songs, and features blues and rhythm". 2639: 993:

argued that neither Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" nor Presley's version of "That's Alright Mama" heralded a new genre: "They were simply the first white artists' interpretations of a sound already well-established by black musicians almost a decade before. It was a raucous, driving, unnamed variant

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In the crossover of African-American "race music" to a growing white youth audience, the popularization of rock and roll involved both black performers reaching a white audience and white musicians performing African-American music. Rock and roll appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United

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The origins of rock and roll have been fiercely debated by commentators and historians of music. There is general agreement that it arose in the Southern United States – a region that would produce most of the major early rock and roll acts – through the meeting of various influences that embodied a

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One American artist after another faded into rock & roll purgatory, victims of Her Majesty's transatlantic onslaught. Among the few Yanks who survived the British Invasion, ... Johnny Rivers... A cover of Chuck Berry's "Memphis"... reached number 2 in the midst of Beatlemania, sending a message

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in rock and roll inevitably provoked strong white racist reactions within the US, with many whites condemning its breaking down of barriers based on color. Many observers saw rock and roll as heralding the way for desegregation, in creating a new form of music that encouraged racial cooperation and

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Many early rock and roll songs dealt with issues of cars, school, dating, and clothing. The lyrics of rock and roll songs described events and conflicts to which most listeners could relate through personal experience. Topics such as sex that had generally been considered taboo began to appear in

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a year later, it set the rock and roll boom in motion. The song became one of the biggest hits in history, and frenzied teens flocked to see Haley and the Comets perform it, causing riots in some cities. "Rock Around the Clock" was a breakthrough success for the group; traditionally, the song has

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For most lovers of the genre, rock sprang up with Bill Haley and Elvis Presley in 1954–1956. But why would rock be called "rock" when played by Whites and "rhythm and blues" when it was played by Blacks? According to the usual clichés, rock's roots lie deep in a muddled amalgam where "blues" and

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argues that early, fully-formed rock and roll music really surged in America at least as early as 1945, but was segregated, thus making it unavailable to the general public and widely undocumented. According to Blum, true rock tracks from the 1940s included "Rock Woogie" by Jim Wynn's Bobalibans

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meant that black and white residents were living in close proximity in larger numbers than ever before, and as a result heard each other's music and even began to emulate each other's fashions. Radio stations that made white and black forms of music available to both groups, the development and

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and a similar rise of radio stations that played their music. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to this music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock and roll as a distinct genre. Because the development of rock and roll was an

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developed his brand of rock and roll by transposing the familiar two-note lead line of jump blues piano directly to the electric guitar, creating what is instantly recognizable as rock guitar. This proposal by Richards neglects the black guitarists who did the same thing before Berry, such as

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His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum

1624:, used amateurish versions of American folk songs and encouraged many of the subsequent generation of rock and roll, folk, R&B and beat musicians to start performing. At the same time British audiences were beginning to encounter American rock and roll, initially through films including 673:(1945), "Rockin' the House" by Memphis Slim and the House Rockers (1946), "Aladdin Boogie" by Amos Milburn (1947), "Rock and Rye" by Jimmy McCracklin (1947), "We're Gonna Rock" (1947) and "Rock and Roll" (1948) by Wild Bill Moore, and many others. His discussion of the topic is as follows: 1282:

circuit. Before the efforts of Freed and others, black music was taboo on many white-owned radio outlets, but artists and producers quickly recognized the potential of rock and roll. Some of Presley's early recordings were covers of black rhythm and blues or blues songs, such as

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in March 1951. This is often cited as the first rock n' roll record. In an interview however, Ike Turner offered this comment: "I don't think that 'Rocket 88' is rock 'n' roll. I think that 'Rocket 88' is R&B, but I think 'Rocket 88' is the cause of rock and roll existing".

841:, Chuck Berry introduced an aggressive guitar sound to rock and roll, and established the electric guitar as its centerpiece, adapting his rock band instrumentation from the basic blues band instrumentation of a lead guitar, second chord instrument, bass and drums. In 2017, 1763:, producing a form of rock and roll revivalism that carried them and many other groups to national success from about 1963 and to international success from 1964, known in America as the British Invasion. Groups that followed the Beatles included the beat-influenced 1086:

in 1985, titled, "Rock! It's Still Rhythm and Blues". In fact, the author stated that the "two terms were used interchangeably", until about 1957. The other sources quoted in the article said that rock and roll combined R&B with pop and country music.

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was one of the biggest stars of rock and roll in the early 1950s and he was not convinced that this was a new genre. In 1957, he said: "What they call rock 'n' roll now is rhythm and blues. I've been playing it for 15 years in New Orleans". According to

1378:" and Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers' "Why Do Fools Fall in Love?"), the Crew Cuts (the Chords' "Sh-Boom" and Nappy Brown's "Don't Be Angry"), the Fountain Sisters (The Jewels' "Hearts of Stone") and the Maguire Sisters (The Moonglows' "Sincerely"). 986:", recorded in April 1954 but not a commercial success until the following year, is generally recognized as an important milestone, but it was preceded by many recordings from earlier decades in which elements of rock and roll can be clearly discerned. 3371:

Of course similar musics would have sprung up without him. Elvis was Elvis before he'd ever heard of Chuck Berry. Charles' proto-soul vocals and Brown's everything-is-a-drum were innovations as profound as Berry's. Bo Diddley was a more accomplished

1900:(1956), a defiant teen dates a rock and roll-loving boy but drops him for one who likes traditional adult music—to her parents' relief. In Britain, where postwar prosperity was more limited, rock and roll culture became attached to the pre-existing 303:

Rock and roll had a profound influence on contemporary American lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language, and is often portrayed in movies, fan magazines, and on television. Some people believe that the music had a positive influence on the

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The initial response of the British music industry was to attempt to produce copies of American records, recorded with session musicians and often fronted by teen idols. More grass roots British rock and rollers soon began to appear, including

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In discussing Alan Freed's contribution to the genre, two significant sources emphasized the importance of African-American rhythm and blues. Greg Harris, then the executive director of the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, offered this comment to

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were commercially superseded by a more polished, commercial style of rock and roll influenced pop music. Marketing frequently emphasized the physical looks of the artist rather than the music, contributing to the successful careers of

790:, with shortages of fuel and limitations on audiences and available personnel, large jazz bands were less economical and tended to be replaced by smaller combos, using guitars, bass and drums. In the same period, particularly on the 3420: 1338:

recorded sanitized versions of songs recorded by the likes of Fats Domino, Little Richard, the Flamingos and Ivory Joe Hunter. Later, as those songs became popular, the original artists' recordings received radio play as well.

786:", which is regarded as an important precursor of rock and roll. The 1940s saw the increased use of blaring horns (including saxophones), shouted lyrics and boogie-woogie beats in jazz-based music. During and immediately after 491:: "Freed's role in breaking down racial barriers in U.S. pop culture in the 1950s, by leading white and black kids to listen to the same music, put the radio personality 'at the vanguard' and made him 'a really important figure 361:

The phrase "rocking and rolling" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but by the early 20th century was used both to describe the spiritual fervor of black church rituals and as a sexual analogy. A retired

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Rock and roll influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and European-American teens enjoyed the music.

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would become the superseding forms of rock music during the mid-1960s, a few American artists were nonetheless able to achieve chart successes with rock and roll recordings during this time. The most notable of these was

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and other similar singers), were among the first music to present African-American sounds for a predominantly white audience. One particularly noteworthy example of a jazz song with recognizably rock and roll elements is

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generation, who had greater relative affluence and leisure time and adopted rock and roll as part of a distinct subculture. This involved not just music, absorbed via radio, record buying, jukeboxes and TV programs like

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was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. The Hall remarked that her "fiery fusion of blues, jazz and R&B showcased her alluring vocals and set the stage for the rock and roll surge of the Fifties".

4596:... there were other artists playing this kind of basic, danceable rock & roll, mostly in club settings... In early 1964, however, none of those acts had broken nationally or even locally. Rivers got there first... 499:, the organization's Web site offered this comment: "He became internationally known for promoting African-American rhythm and blues music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll". 514:

format (in 1953), playing only the most popular records in rotation. His station, and the numerous others which adopted the concept, helped to promote the genre: by the mid 50s, the playlist included artists such as

1100:, "this is a valid statement ... all Fifties rockers, black and white, country born and city-bred, were fundamentally influenced by R&B, the black popular music of the late Forties and early Fifties". Further, 3350: 1596:, had been exposed to American culture through the stationing of troops in the country, and shared many social developments, including the emergence of distinct youth sub-cultures, which in Britain included the 1818:

rock and roll lyrics. This new music tried to break boundaries and express emotions that people were actually feeling but had not discussed openly. An awakening began to take place in American youth culture.

2916: 249:, "rock and roll" refers to a style of popular music originating in the United States in the 1950s. By the mid-1960s, rock and roll had developed into "the more encompassing international style known as 1303:. Songwriting credits were often unreliable; many publishers, record executives, and even managers (both white and black) would insert their name as a composer in order to collect royalty checks. 1299:". The racial lines, however, are rather more clouded by the fact that some of these R&B songs originally recorded by black artists had been written by white songwriters, such as the team of 2786: 1354:' tough, sarcastic vocal in "Roll With Me, Henry" (covered as "Dance With Me, Henry") with a perkier vocal more appropriate for an audience unfamiliar with the song to which James's song was an 4482: 710:, whose original version had appeared in 1947. Depending on the DJ, tempo, rhythm and style of the period, the era's names for this music were "jazz" ("We Love to Boogie" by Freddy Strong with 749:), "R&B" (the abbreviation of "rhythm and blues" and the name given to "black" music styles in the charts of Billboard magazine post-summer 1949), "jump blues" ("Rock Around the Clock" by 845:

declared that "Chuck Berry did in fact invent rock 'n' roll", explaining that this artist "came the closest of any single figure to being the one who put all the essential pieces together".

393:), uses the phrase "rock my soul" frequently in a religious sense; this song was later recorded by musicians from various genres, including various gospel musicians and groups (including 4016: 2773:

By the middle of the 20th century, the phrase 'rocking and rolling' was slang for sex in the black community but Freed liked the sound of it and felt the words could be used differently.

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Alan Freed did not coin the phrase he popularized it and redefined it. Once slang for sex, it came to mean a new form of music. This music had been around for several years, but ...

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built his ground-breaking sound of the same era with an uptempo blend of boogie-woogie, New Orleans rhythm and blues, and the soul and fervor of gospel music vocalization.

242:. While rock and roll's formative elements can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954. 4047: 2958: 1143:"Rockabilly" usually (but not exclusively) refers to the type of rock and roll music which was played and recorded in the mid-1950s primarily by white singers such as 2854: 2906: 2760: 253:, though the latter also continued to be known in many circles as rock and roll." For the purpose of differentiation, this article deals with the first definition. 7115: 4680:

At a time when the British invasion and folk rock were culturally dominant, Fuller stuck to Buddy Holly's style of classic rock and roll with Tex Mex flourishes.

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had recorded four years earlier. Other white artists who recorded cover versions of rhythm and blues songs included Gale Storm (Smiley Lewis' "I Hear You Knockin

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to keep up on the latest dance and fashion styles. From the mid-1960s on, as "rock and roll" was rebranded as "rock", later dance genres followed, leading to

2552: 1843:" in 1954, but leaving a policy which would be extremely difficult to enforce in parts of the United States. The coming together of white youth audiences and 657:. Commentators differ in their views of which of these forms were most important and the degree to which the new music was a re-branding of African-American 366:

seaman named William Fender can be heard singing the phrase "rock and roll" when describing a sexual encounter in his performance of the traditional song "

1878:. It gave teenagers a sense of belonging, even when they were alone. Rock and roll is often identified with the emergence of teen culture among the first 1848:

shared experience. Many authors have argued that early rock and roll was instrumental in the way both white and black teenagers identified themselves.

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Presley popularized rock and roll on a wider scale than any other single performer and by 1956, he had emerged as the singing sensation of the nation.

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As interest in rock and roll was beginning to subside in America in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it was taken up by groups in British cities like

3083: 2165: 2610: 1660:. During this period American Rock and Roll remained dominant but in 1958 Britain produced its first "authentic" rock and roll song and star, when 1555:" style of club-oriented, danceable rock and roll that enjoyed significant success in spite of the ongoing British Invasion. Another example was 3149: 7580: 4008: 5197: 4867: 4812: 3893: 730:

in 1945). Like boogie, "shuffle" music had arrived as early as the late thirties ("Rock This Morning" by James Allen & James Gilchrist).

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In the mid-1960s, Texas rocker Bobby Fuller championed the old-school rock-&-roll values of artists like Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran.

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invented (in 1951–1954), not rock, which was something they tried to assimilate by recording versions of black pieces like "Rocket 88" by

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evolutionary process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously "the first" rock and roll record. Contenders for the title of "

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in particular, noted for the use of reverb-drenched guitars, became one of the most popular forms of American rock of the early 1960s.

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Some music historians have also pointed to important and innovative developments that built on rock and roll in this period, including

4546: 1350:" transformed Big Joe Turner's humorous and racy tale of adult love into an energetic teen dance number, while Georgia Gibbs replaced 1202:

been seen as the major breakthrough for the rock and roll genre, as its immense popularity introduced the music to a global audience.

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began playing this music style, and referring to it as "rock and roll" on his mainstream radio program, which popularized the phrase.

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The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll : The Definitive History of the Most Important Artists and Their Music

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Ehrenreich, Barbara; Hess, Elizabeth; Jacobs, Gloria (1992). "Beatlemania: Girls just want to have fun". In Lewis, Lisa A. (ed.).

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recorded "Rock Around the Clock". Although only a minor hit when first released, when used in the opening sequence of the movie

686:, who had both started singing and playing in the very early 1950s. But African-American hits like "Saturday Night Fish Fry" by 3253:

Robert Palmer, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, Present Tense, Duke University Press, 1992, p. 19.

2403: 1362:'s "Work With Me, Annie". Presley's rock and roll version of "Hound Dog", taken mainly from a version recorded by the pop band 4168: 2942: 4476: 4266: 4152: 2832: 2706: 2664: 2633: 2599: 2584: 2490: 3796: 3705: 3662: 1548: 7625: 6594: 6051: 5369: 5107: 2453: 418: 350:

as the music that originated in the mid-1950s and later developed "into the more encompassing international style known as

2846: 1648:– topped the British charts later that year and again in 1956 and helped identify rock and roll with teenage delinquency. 1180:

who is a Connecticut resident, began referring to his mix of hillbilly and rock 'n' roll music as rockabilly around 1953.

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Rock and roll arrived at a time of considerable technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar,

802:, with its guitar riffs, prominent beats and shouted lyrics, prefigured many later developments. In the documentary film 6247: 1563:, who were especially inspired by Buddy Holly and stuck with a rock and roll style, scoring their most notable hit with 7039: 6240: 3863: 3750: 2952: 2796: 2730: 2614: 886: 668:, and notwithstanding early forms of white rock and roll then called "country boogie", musicologist and rock historian 2255: 460:; her style on that recording was described as "rock-and-roll spiritual singing". By 1943, the "Rock and Roll Inn" in 7620: 7570: 7560: 5280: 5266: 5215: 5185: 5168: 5089: 5062: 4921: 3833: 3790: 3656: 3615: 3524: 3457: 3278: 3258: 3229: 3208: 3188: 2137: 2114: 2053: 822: 375: 5320: 2179: 6299: 6257: 2573: 2544: 6230: 3985: 2213:

Busnar, Gene, It's Rock 'n' Roll: A musical history of the fabulous fifties, Julian Messner, New York, 1979, p. 45

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or partial re-writes of earlier black rhythm and blues or blues songs. Through the late 1940s and early 1950s,

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Several sources suggest that Freed found the term, used as a synonym for sexual intercourse, on the record "

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The cover versions were not necessarily straightforward imitations. For example, Bill Haley's incompletely

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became popular in the UK, and many of its musicians were influenced by related American styles, including

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tradition, making the music attractive to white audiences, and are not usually classed as "rockabilly".

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Several rock historians have claimed that rock and roll was one of the first music genres to define an

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in the early 1930s, which he would have learned at sea in the 1800s; the recording can be heard on the

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In the 1950s, Britain was well placed to receive American rock and roll music and culture. It shared

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in a car crash (April 1960) gave a sense that the initial phase of rock and roll had come to an end.

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Rock and roll was strongly influenced by R&B, according to many sources, including an article in

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The late, great Johnny Ace and the transition from R & B to rock 'n' roll Music in American life

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was typically the lead instrument. These instruments were generally replaced or supplemented by the

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supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Inspired by

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by editors James Henke, Holly George-Warren, Anthony Decurtis, Jim Miller (1992), Random House (

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Some commentators have suggested a decline of rock and roll starting in 1958. The retirement of

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music had been gaining a stronger beat and a wilder style, with artists such as Fats Domino and

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Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel

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Covers were customary in the music industry at the time; it was made particularly easy by the

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Various gospel, blues and swing recordings used the phrase before it became widely popular. "

305: 141: 2128: 1644:", which first entered the British charts in early 1955 – four months before it reached the 7522: 7291: 7022: 6790: 6431: 6400: 6197: 6192: 6177: 6172: 6157: 6132: 6122: 5952: 5940: 5915: 5724: 5342: 4909: 4554: 3487: 2429: 1500: 1323: 860:. There were also changes in the record industry, with the rise of independent labels like 448: 43: 8: 7600: 7444: 7376: 7164: 7066: 6967: 6917: 6827: 6696: 6627: 6589: 6584: 6492: 6207: 6152: 5402: 5355: 2911: 2433: 1905: 1780: 1776: 1705: 1676: 1601: 1284: 1206: 1184: 1126: 890: 6080: 4664: 7449: 6056: 5397: 5253: 4889: 4459:

Middleton, Richard; Buckley, David; Walser, Robert; Laing, Dave; Manuel, Peter (2001).

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How the Beatles Destroyed Rock N Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music

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The Emergence of Rock and Roll: Music and the Rise of American Youth Culture, Timeline

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This article is about the 1950s style of music. For the general rock music genre, see

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in the mid-to-late 1950s. The beat is essentially a dance rhythm with an accentuated

5392: 4624:... Fuller a worthy inheritor of early rock & roll and rockabilly traditions... 2929:

in the mid- to late '50s with upstarts named Presley, Lewis, Haley, Berry and Domino

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which were taken up by white musicians, aided this process of "cultural collision".

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All music guide to the blues : The experts' guide to the best blues recordings

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From its early 1950s beginnings through the early 1960s, rock and roll spawned new

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Rock'n'Roll (1959) - The only feature film of a live Rock'n'Roll concert ever made

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by Holly George-Warren, Patricia Romanowski, Jon Pareles (2001), Fireside Press (

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to become a preacher (October 1957), the departure of Presley for service in the

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that American artists weren't ready to concede their turf to the Brits just yet.

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In 1956, the arrival of rockabilly was underlined by the success of songs like "

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The migration of many former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers

7371: 6957: 6912: 6878: 6849: 6844: 6672: 6637: 6415: 6405: 6388: 6371: 6015: 6000: 5973: 5968: 5930: 5704: 5694: 5538: 5503: 5417: 5240: 5228: 3859: 1892:

In America, that concern was conveyed even in youth cultural artifacts such as

1740: 1621: 1489: 1429: 1425: 1401: 1315: 1251: 1164: 1101: 1037: 1006: 994:

of rhythm and blues that came complete with lyrics that talked about rocking".

926: 838: 830: 809: 775: 766: 746: 679: 618: 402: 313: 309: 227: 80: 5311: 4964:

Something in the air: radio, rock, and the revolution that shaped a generation

4841: 4699: 4147:. The American Dance Floor. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. p. 17. 4112: 3628: 3122:

K. Keightley, "Reconsidering rock", in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds,

2288: 421:

in 1922. It was used in 1940s recordings and reviews of what became known as "

7549: 7326: 7205: 7148: 7099: 7032: 6972: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6883: 6751: 6677: 6657: 6606: 6552: 6383: 6354: 6280: 6105: 6010: 5903: 5830: 5790: 5643: 5563: 5296: 5191:"The Rock Window: A Way of Understanding Rock Music" by Paul Friedlander, in 3973: 3917:"Bo Diddley, guitarist who inspired the Beatles and the Stones, dies aged 79" 3605: 2580: 1929: 1796: 1768: 1732: 1728: 1661: 1609: 1552: 1544: 1528: 1512: 1481: 1449: 1259: 1242: 1144: 1130: 978:

In terms of its wide cultural impact across society in the US and elsewhere,

930: 922: 902: 894: 869: 853: 834: 826: 770: 738: 715: 699: 642: 579: 516: 430: 410: 285: 239: 223: 207: 203: 90: 75: 5988: 2722: 1588:, one of the first British rock and rollers, performing in Stockholm in 1957 210:

that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It

7331: 7185: 6962: 6822: 6662: 6652: 6497: 6436: 6349: 6344: 6305: 6071: 5995: 5945: 5935: 5825: 5548: 3176: 2039: 1828: 1744: 1736: 1657: 1585: 1556: 1516: 1493: 1485: 1469: 1456: 1394: 1359: 1327: 1275: 1148: 1108: 1014: 957: 914: 873: 818: 787: 719: 695: 687: 650: 456:

started to use the term to describe upbeat recordings such as "Rock Me" by

414: 231: 70: 3468: 2149:"The Roots of Rock 'n' Roll 1946–1954". 2004. Universal Music Enterprises. 7426: 7351: 7225: 7089: 6866: 6817: 6805: 6800: 6507: 6482: 6366: 6322: 5876: 5866: 5785: 5608: 5593: 5573: 5543: 5533: 5528: 5513: 5412: 4259:

The Seventh Stream – The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music

2595: 2519:

The Jazz Archivist: A Newsletter of the William Ransom Hogan Jazz Archive

2373: 1963: 1893: 1879: 1788: 1760: 1689: 1681: 1524: 1464: 1445: 1421: 1390: 1355: 1343: 1267: 1230: 1222: 1210: 1160: 1152: 1090: 1057: 1041: 998: 918: 910: 865: 813: 762: 683: 608: 558: 532: 528: 293: 289: 281: 4434:

Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on: Popular Music in America

4111:"Rock and Roll Pilgrims: Reflections on Ritual, Religiosity, and Race". 641:", in combination with either boogie-woogie and shouting gospel or with 566:

merging of the African musical tradition with European instrumentation.

7421: 7401: 7276: 7271: 7190: 6888: 6873: 6861: 6856: 6810: 6720: 6667: 6622: 6376: 6359: 6310: 5983: 5925: 5815: 5805: 5800: 5754: 5749: 5739: 5679: 5669: 5653: 5648: 5633: 5628: 5603: 5523: 5518: 5487: 5482: 5460: 5378: 4241: 4239: 3981: 3949: 3587: 3585: 2035: 1945: 1752: 1720: 1716: 1693: 1685: 1532: 1520: 1441: 1417: 1351: 1279: 1188: 1177: 1121: 1018: 1002: 968: 949: 857: 799: 750: 691: 669: 654: 645:

of the 1940s and 1950s. Particularly significant influences were jazz,

638: 524: 503: 469: 386: 355: 351: 329: 273: 250: 235: 122: 117: 95: 32: 1862: 765:, both in urban-based dance bands and blues-influenced country swing ( 7491: 7486: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7000: 6410: 6393: 6332: 6100: 5871: 5861: 5856: 5780: 5775: 5744: 5734: 5719: 5714: 5689: 5684: 5674: 5638: 5623: 5598: 5578: 5568: 4401: 3413:"Ramblin' Round: Hank Williams: Kicking open that rock 'n' roll door" 2876: 1937: 1901: 1875: 1756: 1712: 1605: 1597: 1477: 1335: 1330:'s cover of what may have been the first white rock and roll record, 941: 849: 591: 571: 465: 333: 297: 261: 127: 5161:

All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul

4714: 4712: 4236: 3965: 3582: 3052: 1581: 1455:

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the rawer sounds of Presley,

7381: 6095: 5820: 5810: 5588: 5508: 5465: 5422: 1941: 1933: 1508: 1504: 1314:(still in effect). One of the first relevant successful covers was 1053: 1029: 971:

and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film

727: 554: 341: 269: 246: 5336: 5331: 3137:

R&B, Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music

7246: 7215: 7210: 6839: 6632: 6441: 6315: 6066: 5846: 4709: 1971: 1904:

movement, largely working class in origin, and eventually to the

1731:

scene developed, initially led by purist blues followers such as

1665: 1617: 587: 583: 446:. In 1942, before the concept of rock and roll had been defined, 406: 7356: 7195: 5795: 5315: 5127:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

4830:

All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues

4344:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

4279:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

3820:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3444:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3021:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

2067:"The missing link in the evolution of rock and roll JUMP BLUES" 1967: 1724: 1437: 1271: 1263: 614: 511: 358:

with "rock music" and is defined as such in some dictionaries.

5233:"Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll: The rock revolution gets underway" 4609:"The Bobby Fuller Four Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" 4088: 2198:

S. Evans, "The development of the Blues" in A. F. Moore, ed.,

661:

for a white market, or a new hybrid of black and white forms.

7481: 7406: 7396: 7321: 7316: 7241: 7200: 5347: 4497: 1959: 1827:

States were entering a new phase, with the beginnings of the

1755:

of rock and roll and rhythm and blues from skiffle, like the

1613: 1060:

in the early 1950s. Also in 1955, Bo Diddley introduced the "

646: 507: 363: 257: 4951:

Rock Music: Where It's Been, What It Means, Where It's Going

3150:"Race Records, Rock Music Forbidden on U.S. Radio 1942–1955" 964: 7296: 7220: 6557: 4458: 4423:(Manchester: Manchester University Press ND, 1987), p. 110. 4370:

Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll

4122: 1955: 758: 604: 276:. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or more 215: 85: 5159:

Bogdanov, V.; Woodstra, C.; Erlewine, S. T., eds. (2002).

4294:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996), pp. 183–84. 4009:"Paul McCartney Remembers 'Truly Magnificent' Fats Domino" 3519:(Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 3rd ed., 2008), 1507:, the electronic treatment of sound by such innovators as 1420:'s ill-fated tour of Europe (October 1958), the deaths of 5851: 2204:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 40–42. 488: 5158: 4943: 4231:

The Complete Guide to the Music of The Beatles, Volume 2

3290:

Dance, Helen Oakley, "Walker, Aaron Thibeaux (T-Bone)",

3273:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 57. 3106:

Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions

2994: 1866:"There's No Romance in Rock and Roll" made the cover of 502:

Not often acknowledged in the history of rock and roll,

4787:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), p. 78. 3386:"Sister Rosetta Tharpe: the godmother of rock 'n' roll" 3023:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 4–6. 389:

that was documented no later than 1867 (just after the

4785:

From Blues to Rock: an Analytical History of Pop Music

4772:

I Wanna Be Me: Rock Music and the Politics of Identity

4581:"Johnny Rivers Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" 4421:

From blues to rock: an analytical history of pop music

4359:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), pp. 51–52. 4346:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 201. 3538:"Listen to the first rock and roll song ever recorded" 3511: 3509: 3201:

A Left Hand Like God: a history of boogie-woogie piano

3126:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 116. 2825:"55 Years Ago: Rock 'n' Roll Fireball Alan Freed Dies" 2370:"Morgan Wright's HoyHoy.com: The Dawn of Rock 'n Roll" 1680:

promoted the careers of British rock and rollers like

107:

Late 1940s – early 1950s, United States

4977:

A people's history of the United States: 1492–present

4759:

British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference

4436:(Publisher Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), p. 172. 3244:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 132 3167:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 111–125. 3076:"Rock 'n' roll pioneer Little Richard dies at age 87" 1519:, continued desegregation of the charts, the rise of 1191:

in Memphis. Three months earlier, on April 12, 1954,

997:

Other artists with early rock and roll hits included

5077: 4281:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 6. 3734:

Louisiana Rocks! The True Genesis of Rock & Roll

2454:"Trixie Smith Helped Give Us The Term Rock And Roll" 1233:

and through them on the nature of later rock music.

1064:" and a unique electric guitar style, influenced by 5081:

The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media

4940:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), p. 121. 4547:"Louisiana Music Hall of Fame - JOHNNY RIVERS 2009" 4040:"The 50s: A Decade of Music That Changed the World" 3506: 3488:"Will the creator of modern music please stand up?" 3118: 3116: 3114: 2236: 2234: 2232: 1258:Many of the earliest white rock and roll hits were 4798:The electric guitar: a history of an American icon 3482: 3480: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2690: 2482:Huey "Piano" Smith and the Rocking Pneumonia Blues 2244:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), p. 35. 1936:rhythm especially suited to reviving Big Band-era 1287:" (a countrified arrangement of a blues number), " 5208:The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll 4107: 4105: 4103: 3621: 3154:, text in both English pp17-18 and French pp 3-4. 2506: 2424: 2201:The Cambridge companion to blues and gospel music 2186:DVD; Chicago : Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010 1381: 1366:, was very different from the blues shouter that 1183:In July 1954, Presley recorded the regional hit " 256:In the earliest rock and roll styles, either the 7547: 5327:The Smithsonian's history of the electric guitar 5222:The Sound of the City: the Rise of Rock and Roll 5143:. New York, NY: Schirmer Books. pp. 354–55. 4761:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 192. 3811: 3597: 3111: 3010:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 21–22. 2229: 2129:Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity 1990: 1896:. In "There's No Romance in Rock and Roll" from 1739:who were inspired by American musicians such as 718:), "swing" ("It Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!" by 633:The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the 5163:(3rd ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. 5033: 5031: 4992:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 95–6. 4953:. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1972. 4938:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 4828:V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra, S. T. Erlewine, eds, 4735:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 60. 4722:(London: Taylor & Francis, 1974), pp. 38–9. 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4357:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 3477: 2973: 2396:"Baffled Knight, The (VWML Song Index SN17648)" 2242:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 1374:"), the Diamonds (The Gladiolas' "Little Darlin 5180:, by Paul Friedlander (1996), Westview Press ( 5004:Girls Rock!: Fifty Years of Women Making Music 4733:Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis 4447:Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on 4100: 3908: 3690:(4th print ed.). Durham, North Carolina: 3517:Popular Music in America: and the Beat Goes on 3222:Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on 3069: 3067: 629:" is regarded as a precursor to rock and roll. 603:, and African-American musical styles such as 495:". After Freed was honored with a star on the 7131: 6736: 5363: 5138: 4439: 4207: 4191: 4169:"Granville's Bill Flagg pioneered rockabilly" 3862:. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. 3435: 3294:. Denton: Texas State Historical Association. 3008:Race, Rock, and Elvis: Music in American Life 2092:Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll 1440:scandal implicating major figures, including 1229:acts and particularly on the song writing of 666:Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll 464:, was established as a music venue. In 1951, 292:(string bass). After the mid-1950s, electric 5129:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 10. 5028: 4979:(Pearson Education, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 450. 4822: 4774:(Temple University Press, 2001), pp. 117–18. 4685: 3049:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 99. 3047:Race, rock, and Elvis Music in American life 3039: 2579:, page 25. Other examples are in describing 2020: 1072:and in turn influencing many later artists. 1056:; the latter two also made use of distorted 664:Contradicting Larry Birnbaum, the author of 4888: 4851: 4835: 4738: 4396:Popular culture: production and consumption 4292:Blue rhythms: six lives in rhythm and blues 3064: 3036:(University of Illinois Press, 2001), p. 4. 2194: 2192: 413:(rock and roll/pop/country). Blues singer 308:, because of its widespread appeal to both 7138: 7124: 6743: 6729: 5370: 5356: 4700:British Rock & Roll Before the Beatles 4449:(Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), p. 99. 3724: 3687:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture 3224:(Cengage Learning, 3rd edn, 2008), p. 99. 2184:Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2182:17 June 2008 and also in print and in the 1787:groups with more blues influences include 42:"RnR" redirects here. For other uses, see 5227: 5015: 5013: 4503: 4407: 4245: 4128: 4094: 3591: 3058: 2688: 2372:. Hoyhoy.com. May 2, 1954. Archived from 2064: 436:In 1934, the song "Rock and Roll" by the 6750: 5305:) is being considered for deletion. See 5224:, by Charlie Gillett (1970), E.P. Dutton 5139:Campbell, Michael; Brody, James (1999). 5039:Family Life in Twentieth-Century America 4331:Country music: a biographical dictionary 3683: 3383: 3320: 2472: 2418: 2222:P. Hurry, M. Phillips, and M. Richards, 2189: 2157: 2155: 1861: 1580: 1570: 1385: 1246: 1125: 1107:Less frequently cited as an influencer, 963: 613: 553: 323: 5037:M. Coleman, L. H. Ganong, K. Warzinik, 5022:I'm a Man: Sex, Gods, and Rock 'n' Roll 4857: 4469:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46845 4318:Musical gumbo: the music of New Orleans 4140: 3124:The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock 2515:"Baby Doll Addendum and Mardi Gras '49" 2436:, eds. (1867). "#94: Rock O' My Soul". 2253: 2120: 956:and sung by Brenston), was recorded by 745:), "rhythm and blues" ("Honey Hush" by 510:, Nebraska, was the first to adopt the 340:The term "rock and roll" is defined by 336:, Ohio, in the origins of rock and roll 14: 7548: 5010: 5001: 4870:from the original on December 21, 2010 4803: 4748:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 69–80. 4517:"Surf Music Genre Overview – AllMusic" 4050:from the original on February 22, 2021 4037: 4019:from the original on November 25, 2020 4006: 3866:from the original on February 12, 2011 3759:from the original on November 22, 2016 3730: 3644: 3361:from the original on February 27, 2021 2995:Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002 2835:from the original on February 1, 2021. 2364: 2362: 1688:. Cliff Richard and his backing band, 1668:". At the same time, TV shows such as 1408:(March 1958), the scandal surrounding 538: 354:". The term is sometimes also used as 7581:Culture of the Southern United States 7119: 6724: 5351: 5050: 5019: 4731:J. R. Covach and G. MacDonald Boone, 4527:from the original on October 29, 2019 4333:(Taylor & Francis, 2003), p. 164. 4261:, Wesleyan University Press, p. 201, 3914: 3849:(Rough Guides, 3rd ed., 2003), p. 21. 3772: 3410: 3086:from the original on January 24, 2021 3073: 2887:from the original on February 2, 2021 2857:from the original on February 1, 2021 2784: 2763:from the original on January 25, 2021 2667:from the original on February 5, 2020 2615:the issue of October 9, 1943, page 67 2600:the issue of October 3, 1942, page 63 2512: 2400:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2152: 2045:What Was The First Rock'n'Roll Record 1996:"Elvis Rocks. But He's Not the First" 1839:ruling that abolished the policy of " 1802: 1664:reached number 2 in the charts with " 1436:(February 1959), the breaking of the 506:, the owner of radio station KOWH in 6595:Rock music and the fall of communism 4858:Robbins, Ira A. (February 7, 1964). 4394:C. L. Harrington and D. D. Bielby., 3947: 3896:from the original on August 22, 2012 3778: 3608:Illustrated History of Rock and Roll 3564:"Elvis Rocks but He's Not the First" 3326:Michael Campbell & James Brody, 3303:Michael Campbell & James Brody, 2940: 2733:from the original on January 8, 2021 2478: 2254:McNally, Dennis (October 26, 2014). 2065:Considine, J.D. (December 5, 1993). 214:from African American music such as 7611:Youth culture in the United Kingdom 5246:University of North Texas Libraries 4832:(Backbeat, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 700. 4746:The British folk revival, 1944–2002 4307:(Nova Publishers, 2002), pp. 86–88. 3950:"Rock! It's Still Rhythm and Blues" 3948:Redd, Lawrence N. (March 1, 1985). 3929:from the original on March 22, 2020 3799:from the original on April 24, 2016 3423:from the original on March 10, 2021 2805:from the original on March 10, 2021 2697:. New York: Citadel Press. p. 2585:the issue of June 27, 1942, page 76 2406:from the original on March 10, 2021 2359: 2347:from the original on March 10, 2021 2321:from the original on April 27, 2020 2315:Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary 2256:"How Rock and Roll Killed Jim Crow" 1708:" became a rock and roll standard. 1075: 825:, and the originator of the style, 733:The music was also called "blues" ( 425:" music aimed at a black audience. 419:"My Rocks Me with One Steady Roll" 24: 7606:Youth culture in the United States 7067:West Country / Scrumpy and Western 5204:, Volume I, number 1, Spring, 1988 5024:. Faber and Faber. pp. 46–48. 4637:"Bobby Fuller Four on Apple Music" 4305:Copyright: current issues and laws 4007:Leight, Elias (October 26, 2017). 3708:from the original on June 17, 2016 3411:Beaty, James (December 15, 2018). 2753:"Ch. 3 "Rockin' Around The Clock'" 2613:'s "Kansas City Boogie-Woogie" in 2442:. A. Simpson & Co. p. 73. 1448:(December 1959), and the death of 887:Strange Things Happening Every Day 25: 7637: 5309:to help reach a consensus. › 5288: 4810:Mersey Beat – the founders' story 4553:. October 4, 2018. Archived from 4485:from the original on May 22, 2020 4233:(Music Sales Group, 1998), p. 29. 4179:from the original on June 1, 2021 4144:Rock 'N' Roll Dances of the 1950s 4038:Palmer, Robert (April 19, 1990). 3988:from the original on May 25, 2019 3665:from the original on May 26, 2016 3603:Robert Palmer, "Rock Begins", in 3392:from the original on July 8, 2017 2961:from the original on June 1, 2021 2919:from the original on June 1, 2021 2555:from the original on June 1, 2021 2094:, Scarecrow Press, 2013, p.vii-x. 1984: 1932:. Teenagers found the syncopated 1636:(1956). Both movies featured the 1322:'s 1947 original jump blues hit " 1236: 1217:" by Perkins, and the No. 1 hit " 376:Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 7528: 7516: 7147: 6702: 6691: 6690: 5132: 5119: 5098: 5071: 5044: 4995: 4982: 4969: 4956: 4930: 4882: 4790: 4777: 4764: 4751: 4725: 4657: 4629: 4601: 4573: 4539: 4509: 4452: 4426: 4413: 4398:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2001), p. 162. 4388: 4375: 4316:G. Lichtenstein and L. Dankner. 3915:Brown, Jonathan (June 3, 2008). 2439:Slave Songs of the United States 2285:The American Heritage Dictionary 1751:. Many groups moved towards the 1225:, would be a major influence on 741:), "rhythm music" ("Hambone" by 300:became popular in classic rock. 6513:Progressive rock (radio format) 5194:Tracking: Popular Music Studies 5178:Rock and Roll: A Social History 4665:"Bobby Fuller | TheAudioDB.com" 4362: 4349: 4336: 4323: 4310: 4297: 4284: 4271: 4251: 4223: 4161: 4134: 4062: 4031: 4000: 3941: 3878: 3852: 3839: 3677: 3638: 3556: 3530: 3462: 3404: 3384:Williams, R. 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Archived from 2143: 2097: 2084: 2058: 1382:Decline and later developments 1017:. Chuck Berry's 1955 classic " 319: 272:, almost always provided by a 37:Rock and roll (disambiguation) 13: 1: 5294: 4372:(Da Capo Press, 2007), p. 95. 4320:(W. W. Norton, 1993), p. 775. 2785:Ennis, Philip (May 9, 2012). 2525:. Tulane University Libraries 2341:"The United Service Magazine" 2226:(Heinemann, 2001), pp. 153–4. 1977: 1702:Johnny Kidd & the Pirates 1364:Freddie Bell and the Bellboys 1301:Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller 1115: 706:or "Good Rockin' Tonight" by 4905:All Music Guide to the Blues 4848:. Retrieved August 10, 2009. 4551:Louisiana Music Hall of Fame 3292:The Handbook of Texas Online 3242:The rise of a jazz art world 2109:(New York: Hyperion, 1995), 1809:Social effects of rock music 1416:(May 1958), riots caused by 443:Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round 245:According to the journalist 7: 7626:Counterculture of the 1950s 7535:Rhythm and blues portal 7040:Newfoundland & Labrador 6543:List of years in rock music 5200:September 23, 2006, at the 4966:(Marc Fisher, 2007), p. 53. 4220:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 4204:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 4119:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 3785:. Hal Leonard. p. 61. 3635:. Retrieved March 24, 2012. 3355:Foodservice and Hospitality 3074:Trott, Bill (May 9, 2020). 2907:"From Hit Parade to Top 40" 2788:The History of American Pop 1638:Bill Haley & His Comets 1312:United States copyright law 1278:to great popularity on the 1193:Bill Haley & His Comets 1021:" in particular features a 935:Bill Haley & His Comets 481:Billy Ward and his Dominoes 10: 7642: 6648:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 5151: 5057:. McFarland. p. 150. 4860:"British Invasion (music)" 4815:February 24, 2021, at the 4800:(JHU Press, 2004), p. 150. 4706:. Retrieved June 24, 2009. 4419:D. Hatch and S. Millward, 4074:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 3743:Pelican Publishing Company 3684:DeCurtis, Anthony (1992). 3648:Chuck Berry: The Biography 2791:. Greenhaven. p. 18. 2317:. Merriam-Webster Online. 1855: 1806: 1574: 1240: 1119: 879:first rock and roll record 547: 543: 29: 7504: 7457: 7441: 7434: 7414: 7389: 7364: 7339: 7309: 7284: 7259: 7234: 7173: 7161: 7077: 6983: 6938:Traditional country music 6761: 6686: 6615: 6570:Electronics in rock music 6521: 6475: 6450: 6424: 6273: 6236:Hard rock and heavy metal 6029: 5961: 5896: 5889: 5839: 5763: 5730:Pub rock (United Kingdom) 5662: 5496: 5448: 5433: 5385: 5084:. Routledge. p. 98. 4892:(1996). "Blues rock". In 4698:Unterberger, Richie. 4385:(Greenwood, 2008), p. 79. 4257:Ennis, Philip H. (1992), 4141:Sagolla, Lisa Jo (2011). 3627:Unterberger, Richie. 2583:'s "Coming Out Party" in 2485:. LSU Press. p. 75. 2355:– via Google Books. 1727:. About the same time, a 805:Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll 152: 147: 140: 135: 111: 103: 59: 54: 7621:Italian-American culture 7571:American styles of music 7561:African-American culture 7523:United States portal 6548:Origins of rock and roll 5321:The Camp Meeting Jubilee 5307:templates for discussion 5051:Nolan, Michelle (2008). 5006:. Lexington. p. 24. 4383:Music of the postwar era 3629:Birth of Rock & Roll 3314:August 19, 2020, at the 2689:Bordowitz, Hank (2004). 2598:'s "It's Sand, Man", in 2224:Heinemann advanced music 2106:The History of the Blues 1992:Christopher John, Farley 1785:British rhythm and blues 1765:Freddie and the Dreamers 1547:, who with hits such as 1538:While the sounds of the 1414:thirteen-year-old cousin 1167:, came out of the black 1133:in a promotion shot for 550:Origins of rock and roll 156:Origins of rock and roll 6786:Christian country music 6488:Adult album alternative 5110:March 24, 2012, at the 4783:D. Hatch, S. Millward, 3847:The rough guide to rock 3618:(UK edition), pp. 3–14. 3369:– via Billboard. 3336:March 11, 2021, at the 2590:April 30, 2016, at the 2175:Encyclopædia Britannica 2168:April 17, 2020, at the 1821: 1704:, whose 1960 hit song " 1551:(1964), popularized a " 1083:The Wall Street Journal 385:", an African-American 372:James Madison Carpenter 347:Encyclopædia Britannica 7566:African-American music 6903:Neotraditional country 6580:Rock Against Communism 5979:Brazilian thrash metal 5261:(1996), Random House ( 3417:McAlester News-Capital 2620:June 29, 2016, at the 2605:June 10, 2016, at the 2426:Allen, William Francis 1871: 1589: 1397: 1348:Shake, Rattle and Roll 1255: 1140: 975: 835:Chicago electric blues 755: 722:) or "boogie woogie" ( 630: 562: 497:Hollywood Walk of Fame 337: 166:African-American music 35:. For other uses, see 27:Genre of popular music 7586:1950s fads and trends 7450:Urban (industry term) 6943:Truck-driving country 6602:Rockism and poptimism 6062:British rock and roll 5002:Carson, Mina (2004). 4990:Race, rock, and Elvis 3826:Duke University Press 3692:Duke University Press 3651:. Aurum. p. 38. 3645:Collis, John (2002). 3450:Duke University Press 2829:Ultimate Classic Rock 2642:May 11, 2020, at the 2513:Brock, Jerry (2015). 2430:Ware, Charles Pickard 2126:Peterson, Richard A. 1910:Dion and the Belmonts 1865: 1642:Rock Around the Clock 1633:Rock Around the Clock 1584: 1577:British rock and roll 1571:British rock and roll 1561:The Bobby Fuller Four 1389: 1318:'s transformation of 1289:Baby Let's Play House 1250: 1129: 1032:created by his small 984:Rock Around the Clock 967: 883:Sister Rosetta Tharpe 856:and modern condenser 798:, the development of 675: 617: 557: 458:Sister Rosetta Tharpe 440:appeared in the film 327: 306:civil rights movement 7445:Contemporary R&B 7154:Black American music 6437:Sahara desert region 5725:Pub rock (Australia) 5020:Padel, Ruth (2000). 4949:Schafer, William J. 4910:Miller Freeman Books 3779:Dave, Rubin (2007). 3731:Aswell, Tom (2010). 3199:Peter J. Silvester, 2831:. January 20, 2020. 2434:Garrison, Lucy McKim 2343:. October 22, 2017. 1501:multitrack recording 1324:Good Rocking Tonight 948:and his Delta Cats ( 468:, Ohio, disc jockey 370:" to the folklorist 296:("Fender bass") and 44:RNR (disambiguation) 7377:Chopped and screwed 7165:American folk music 6968:Texas country music 6918:Progressive country 6828:Alternative country 6628:List of rock genres 6590:Rock Against Sexism 6585:Rock Against Racism 6493:Album-oriented rock 4890:Unterberger, Richie 4461:"Pop | Grove Music" 3828:, 1992, pp. 24–27. 3544:. November 13, 2021 2912:The Washington Post 2729:. January 4, 2011. 2479:Wirt, John (2014). 1781:the Dave Clark Five 1274:and increasing the 1207:Folsom Prison Blues 1187:" at Sam Phillips' 954:The Kings of Rhythm 761:, and particularly 539:Early rock and roll 452:magazine columnist 7176:Early 20th century 7023:Cape Breton fiddle 6791:Country en Español 4936:G. C. Altschuler, 4669:www.theaudiodb.com 4557:on October 4, 2018 4445:M. Campbell, ed., 4410:, show 7, track 4. 4355:G. C. Altschuler, 4248:, show 4, track 5. 4076:. January 21, 2018 3594:, show 5, show 55. 3542:Faroutmagazine.com 3515:M. Campbell, ed., 3357:. March 22, 2017. 3220:M. Campbell, ed., 3061:, show 3, show 55. 2853:. August 4, 2014. 2460:. November 9, 2013 2240:G. C. Altschuler, 2008:on August 17, 2013 1951:American Bandstand 1914:A Teenager in Love 1886:American Bandstand 1872: 1841:separate but equal 1837:U.S. Supreme Court 1803:Cultural influence 1793:the Rolling Stones 1590: 1565:"I Fought the Law" 1412:' marriage to his 1406:United States Army 1398: 1308:compulsory license 1256: 1141: 976: 973:Round Up of Rhythm 631: 563: 427:Huey "Piano" Smith 368:The Baffled Knight 338: 178:(often written as 7576:Rock music genres 7543: 7542: 7500: 7499: 7181:Call and response 7113: 7112: 7085:Appalachian music 7008:Bakersfield sound 6796:Country and Irish 6718: 6717: 6643:Progressive music 6471: 6470: 5909:Palm Desert Scene 5885: 5884: 5559:Experimental rock 5456:Instrumental rock 5339:– Omemee, Ontario 5054:Love on the Racks 4908:. San Francisco: 4894:Erlewine, Michael 4720:The Youth Culture 4478:978-1-56159-263-0 4267:978-0-8195-6257-9 4154:978-0-313-36556-0 3745:. pp. 61–5. 3739:Gretna, Louisiana 2915:. June 28, 1992. 2759:. June 22, 2020. 2708:978-0-8065-2631-7 2663:. March 4, 2018. 2492:978-0-8071-5297-3 2071:The Baltimore Sun 1898:True Life Romance 1868:True Life Romance 1835:, leading to the 1654:Wee Willie Harris 1627:Blackboard Jungle 1594:a common language 1515:" productions of 1368:Big Mama Thornton 1293:Lawdy Miss Clawdy 1198:Blackboard Jungle 698:and his creature 601:gramophone record 173: 172: 60:Stylistic origins 16:(Redirected from 7633: 7616:1950s neologisms 7533: 7532: 7531: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7460: 7439: 7438: 7302:Psychedelic soul 7252:Rhythm and blues 7152: 7151: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7117: 7116: 6953:New Mexico music 6745: 6738: 6731: 6722: 6721: 6706: 6694: 6693: 6563:Rhythm and blues 6538:British Invasion 5894: 5893: 5771:Alternative rock 5710:Post-progressive 5619:Psychedelic rock 5614:Progressive rock 5446: 5445: 5442: 5436:decade of origin 5372: 5365: 5358: 5349: 5348: 5259:David Halberstam 5249: 5237: 5174: 5145: 5144: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5117: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5048: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5008: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4988:M. T. Bertrand, 4986: 4980: 4973: 4967: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4855: 4849: 4842:British Invasion 4839: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4807: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4762: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4736: 4729: 4723: 4716: 4707: 4696: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4647: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4619: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4456: 4450: 4443: 4437: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4340: 4334: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4301: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4234: 4227: 4221: 4211: 4205: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4109: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3843: 3837: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3715: 3713: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3642: 3636: 3625: 3619: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3534: 3528: 3513: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3494:. April 16, 2004 3484: 3475: 3466: 3460: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3347: 3341: 3324: 3318: 3301: 3295: 3288: 3282: 3268: 3262: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3218: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3133: 3127: 3120: 3109: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3071: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3045:M. T. Bertrand, 3043: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3006:M. T. Bertrand, 3004: 2998: 2992: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2883:. May 27, 1991. 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2696: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2672: 2653: 2647: 2631: 2625: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2551:. May 30, 1942. 2545:"Record Reviews" 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2376:on June 24, 2011 2366: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2251: 2245: 2238: 2227: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2159: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2124: 2118: 2103:Davis, Francis. 2101: 2095: 2090:Larry Birnbaum, 2088: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2062: 2056: 2033: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2004:. Archived from 1994:(July 6, 2004). 1988: 1858:Youth subculture 1777:Herman's Hermits 1706:Shakin' All Over 1671:Six-Five Special 1540:British Invasion 1377: 1373: 1285:That's All Right 1270:speeding up the 1227:British Invasion 1219:Heartbreak Hotel 1215:Blue Suede Shoes 1185:That's All Right 1169:rhythm and blues 1076:Rhythm and blues 1070:Afro-Cuban music 929:" (1949) (later 891:That's All Right 843:Robert Christgau 782:'s 1938 single " 659:rhythm and blues 635:rhythm and blues 494: 477:Sixty Minute Man 454:Maurie Orodenker 423:rhythm and blues 383:Bosom of Abraham 278:electric guitars 220:rhythm and blues 112:Derivative forms 104:Cultural origins 66:Rhythm and blues 52: 51: 47: 40: 21: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7496: 7458: 7453: 7430: 7419: 7410: 7394: 7385: 7369: 7360: 7344: 7335: 7314: 7305: 7289: 7280: 7264: 7255: 7239: 7230: 7169: 7157: 7146: 7144: 7114: 7109: 7095:Classic country 7073: 7052:Nashville sound 7018:Canadian fiddle 6984:Regional scenes 6979: 6923:Sertanejo music 6757: 6749: 6719: 6714: 6682: 6611: 6531: 6517: 6503:Mainstream rock 6467: 6446: 6420: 6269: 6025: 5957: 5890:Regional scenes 5881: 5835: 5759: 5700:Industrial rock 5658: 5554:Electronic rock 5492: 5440: 5439:(sub-subgenres 5438: 5437: 5435: 5429: 5408:Electric guitar 5381: 5376: 5332:History of Rock 5310: 5291: 5286: 5235: 5229:Gilliland, John 5202:Wayback Machine 5171: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5137: 5133: 5124: 5120: 5112:Wayback Machine 5105:sixtiescity.com 5103: 5099: 5092: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5049: 5045: 5036: 5029: 5018: 5011: 5000: 4996: 4987: 4983: 4974: 4970: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4944: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4856: 4852: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4823: 4817:Wayback Machine 4808: 4804: 4796:A. J. Millard, 4795: 4791: 4782: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4730: 4726: 4718:D. O'Sullivan, 4717: 4710: 4697: 4686: 4673: 4671: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4645: 4643: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4617: 4615: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4589: 4587: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4560: 4558: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4479: 4457: 4453: 4444: 4440: 4431: 4427: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4376: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4350: 4341: 4337: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4311: 4302: 4298: 4289: 4285: 4276: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4237: 4228: 4224: 4212: 4208: 4196: 4192: 4182: 4180: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4110: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4013:Rolling Stone.l 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3966:10.2307/1214792 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3922:The Independent 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3844: 3840: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3793: 3777: 3773: 3762: 3760: 3753: 3729: 3725: 3711: 3709: 3702: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3659: 3643: 3639: 3626: 3622: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3570:. June 30, 2017 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3514: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3485: 3478: 3467: 3463: 3452:, 1992, p. 19. 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3382: 3378: 3364: 3362: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3338:Wayback Machine 3325: 3321: 3316:Wayback Machine 3302: 3298: 3289: 3285: 3269: 3265: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3235: 3219: 3215: 3198: 3194: 3175: 3171: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3018: 3014: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2922: 2920: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2799: 2783: 2779: 2766: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2727:History of Rock 2721: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2687: 2683: 2670: 2668: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2644:Wayback Machine 2637:, June 12, 1943 2632: 2628: 2622:Wayback Machine 2607:Wayback Machine 2592:Wayback Machine 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2528: 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Gillespie 704:Jackie Brenston 653:, country, and 637:, then called " 552: 546: 541: 492: 438:Boswell Sisters 399:Louis Armstrong 395:The Jordanaires 322: 266:electric guitar 180:rock & roll 161:list of artists 136:Regional scenes 48: 41: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7639: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7525: 7513: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7463: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7436: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7424: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7372:New jack swing 7365: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7143: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7010: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6993: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6913:Outlaw country 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6879:Heartland rock 6871: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6850:Gothic Western 6845:Gothic country 6842: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6820: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6748: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6725: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6700: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6673:Wagnerian rock 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6638:Outlaw country 6635: 6630: 6625: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6575:Social effects 6572: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6545: 6540: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6369: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6308: 6303: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6248:Neo-rockabilly 6245: 6244: 6243: 6233: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6064: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5900: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5695:Heartland rock 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5539:Christian rock 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5504:Anatolian rock 5500: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5452: 5450: 5443: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5418:Rhythm section 5415: 5410: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5375: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5323:1910 recording 5318: 5290: 5289:External links 5287: 5285: 5284: 5270: 5250: 5241:Pop Chronicles 5225: 5219: 5205: 5189: 5175: 5169: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5131: 5118: 5097: 5090: 5070: 5063: 5043: 5027: 5009: 4994: 4981: 4968: 4955: 4942: 4929: 4922: 4881: 4850: 4834: 4821: 4802: 4789: 4776: 4763: 4750: 4737: 4724: 4708: 4684: 4656: 4628: 4600: 4572: 4538: 4508: 4504:Gilliland 1969 4496: 4477: 4451: 4438: 4425: 4412: 4408:Gilliland 1969 4400: 4387: 4374: 4361: 4348: 4335: 4322: 4309: 4303:J. V. Martin, 4296: 4283: 4270: 4250: 4246:Gilliland 1969 4235: 4229:P. Humphries, 4222: 4206: 4190: 4160: 4153: 4133: 4129:Gilliland 1969 4121: 4099: 4095:Gilliland 1969 4087: 4070:"LaVern Baker" 4061: 4030: 3999: 3940: 3907: 3877: 3851: 3838: 3810: 3791: 3771: 3752:978-1589806771 3751: 3723: 3700: 3676: 3657: 3637: 3620: 3596: 3592:Gilliland 1969 3581: 3555: 3529: 3505: 3476: 3461: 3434: 3403: 3376: 3342: 3319: 3296: 3283: 3263: 3246: 3233: 3213: 3192: 3169: 3156: 3141: 3128: 3110: 3097: 3063: 3059:Gilliland 1969 3051: 3038: 3025: 3012: 2999: 2997:, p. 1303 2972: 2954:978-0415833134 2953: 2933: 2898: 2868: 2838: 2816: 2798:978-1420506723 2797: 2777: 2744: 2714: 2707: 2681: 2648: 2626: 2611:Deryck Sampson 2577:, May 30, 1942 2566: 2536: 2505: 2491: 2471: 2445: 2417: 2387: 2358: 2332: 2302: 2272: 2246: 2228: 2215: 2206: 2188: 2151: 2142: 2132:(1999), p. 9, 2119: 2096: 2083: 2057: 2019: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1928:including the 1921: 1918: 1856:Main article: 1853: 1850: 1823: 1820: 1807:Main article: 1804: 1801: 1741:Robert Johnson 1622:Lonnie Donegan 1620:craze, led by 1575:Main article: 1572: 1569: 1559:and his group 1490:Frankie Avalon 1430:Ritchie Valens 1426:The Big Bopper 1402:Little Richard 1393:and his band, 1383: 1380: 1316:Wynonie Harris 1252:Little Richard 1241:Main article: 1238: 1237:Cover versions 1235: 1165:Little Richard 1136:Jailhouse Rock 1120:Main article: 1117: 1114: 1102:Little Richard 1077: 1074: 1046:Willie Johnson 1038:Joe Hill Louis 1007:Little Richard 927:Rock the Joint 921:" (1949), and 839:electric blues 831:Country boogie 812:proposes that 810:Keith Richards 776:Big Joe Turner 767:Jimmie Rodgers 757:In the 1930s, 747:Big Joe Turner 680:Little Richard 619:Big Joe Turner 599:spread of the 548:Main article: 545: 542: 540: 537: 403:Lonnie Donegan 401:(jazz/swing), 321: 318: 314:white American 310:Black American 228:electric blues 171: 170: 169: 168: 163: 158: 150: 149: 145: 144: 142:United Kingdom 138: 137: 133: 132: 131: 130: 125: 120: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 99: 98: 93: 88: 83: 81:electric blues 78: 73: 68: 61: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7638: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7596:Radio formats 7594: 7592: 7591:Popular music 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7556:Rock and roll 7554: 7553: 7551: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7506: 7503: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7456: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7267:Rock and roll 7265: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7206:Boogie-woogie 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7166: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7141: 7136: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7118: 7106: 7105:Rock and roll 7103: 7101: 7100:Country radio 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7076: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7047:Lubbock sound 7045: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7033:Quebec fiddle 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6973:Western swing 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6948:Western music 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:Talking blues 6931: 6929: 6928:Southern soul 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6884:Southern rock 6882: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6752:Country music 6746: 6741: 6739: 6734: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6723: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6679: 6678:Wall of Sound 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6658:Rock festival 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6607:Women in rock 6605: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6553:Country music 6551: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476:Radio formats 6474: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6241:Extreme metal 6239: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962:South America 5960: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897:North America 5895: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5644:Southern rock 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5564:Flamenco rock 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5471:Rock and roll 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5441:not included) 5432: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5413:Electric bass 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5292: 5282: 5281:0-679-73728-6 5278: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5267:0-517-15607-5 5264: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5216:0-7432-0120-5 5213: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5187: 5186:0-8133-2725-3 5183: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5170:0-87930-653-X 5166: 5162: 5157: 5156: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5093: 5091:9780415078214 5087: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5066: 5064:9781476604909 5060: 5056: 5055: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5023: 5016: 5014: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4925: 4923:0-87930-424-3 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4747: 4741: 4734: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4653: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4597: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4569: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4435: 4432:M. Campbell, 4429: 4422: 4416: 4409: 4404: 4397: 4391: 4384: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4352: 4345: 4339: 4332: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4096: 4091: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4049: 4045: 4044:Rolling Stone 4041: 4034: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3895: 3891: 3890:Rolling Stone 3887: 3881: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3835: 3834:0-8223-1265-4 3831: 3827: 3823: 3822:Present Tense 3819: 3818:Robert Palmer 3814: 3798: 3794: 3792:9781423416661 3788: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3720: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3664: 3660: 3658:9781854108739 3654: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3617: 3616:0-330-26568-7 3613: 3610:, 1976/1980, 3609: 3607: 3606:Rolling Stone 3600: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3526: 3525:0-495-50530-7 3522: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3474: 3470: 3469:Jimmy Preston 3465: 3459: 3458:0-8223-1265-4 3455: 3451: 3447: 3446:Present Tense 3443: 3442:Robert Palmer 3438: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3280: 3279:9780807169322 3276: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3259:0-8223-1265-4 3256: 3250: 3243: 3240:P. D. Lopes, 3237: 3231: 3230:0-495-50530-7 3227: 3223: 3217: 3210: 3209:0-306-80359-3 3206: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3189:0-436-53203-4 3186: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3160: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3107: 3101: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3068: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3032:J. M. Salem, 3029: 3022: 3016: 3009: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947:. Routledge. 2946: 2945: 2937: 2930: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2781: 2774: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2685: 2678: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2630: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2581:Vaughn Monroe 2578: 2576: 2570: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2225: 2219: 2210: 2203: 2202: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2156: 2146: 2139: 2138:0-226-66285-3 2135: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2115:0-7868-8124-0 2112: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2087: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2054:0-571-12939-0 2051: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1983: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1833:desegregation 1831:movement for 1830: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1800: 1798: 1797:the Yardbirds 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:Wayne Fontana 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733:Alexis Korner 1730: 1729:British blues 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1662:Cliff Richard 1659: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1646:US pop charts 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610:boogie woogie 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:Johnny Rivers 1541: 1536: 1534: 1531:dance craze. 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513:Wall of Sound 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:Jimmy Clanton 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1450:Eddie Cochran 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434:a plane crash 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1379: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1310:provision of 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1243:Cover version 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Elvis Presley 1138: 1137: 1132: 1131:Elvis Presley 1128: 1123: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1097:Rolling Stone 1092: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1052:'s band, and 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 992: 987: 985: 981: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959: 955: 952:and his band 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Jimmy Preston 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 903:Hank Williams 900: 896: 895:Arthur Crudup 892: 888: 884: 880: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 854:45 rpm record 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 827:T-Bone Walker 824: 820: 815: 811: 807: 806: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784:Roll 'Em Pete 781: 778:with pianist 777: 772: 771:Moon Mullican 768: 764: 760: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739:Arthur Crudup 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 716:John Coltrane 713: 709: 705: 701: 700:Elvis Presley 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 674: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643:country music 640: 636: 628: 627:Roll 'Em Pete 624: 620: 616: 612: 610: 606: 602: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 580:New York City 577: 573: 569: 560: 556: 551: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 490: 484: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450: 445: 444: 439: 434: 432: 431:Cha Cha Hogan 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 411:Elvis Presley 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 359: 357: 353: 349: 348: 343: 335: 331: 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Aquila, 4962:M. Fisher, 4770:T. Gracyk, 4757:V. Porter, 4641:Apple Music 4342:R. Aquila, 4329:R. Carlin. 4290:C. Deffaa, 4277:R. Aquila, 3870:October 27, 3803:October 17, 3763:October 17, 3712:October 17, 3669:October 17, 3427:November 5, 3309:pp. 110–111 3135:N. Kelley, 3019:R. 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Tyler, 4214:Bill Haley 4113:Rockabilly 3701:0822312654 3372:guitarist. 2661:Britannica 2036:Jim Dawson 1978:References 1946:Dick Clark 1916:" (1959). 1753:beat music 1721:Birmingham 1717:Manchester 1694:Billy Fury 1686:Adam Faith 1598:Teddy Boys 1521:surf music 1442:Alan Freed 1418:Bill Haley 1352:Etta James 1346:cover of " 1280:juke joint 1189:Sun Studio 1178:Bill Flagg 1122:Rockabilly 1116:Rockabilly 1019:Maybellene 1003:Bo Diddley 980:Bill Haley 969:Bill Haley 950:Ike Turner 937:in 1952), 897:(1946), " 881:" include 872:servicing 800:jump blues 792:West Coast 751:Hal Singer 692:Bill Haley 670:Bruno Blum 639:race music 504:Todd Storz 470:Alan Freed 356:synonymous 352:rock music 330:Alan Freed 274:snare drum 251:rock music 236:jump blues 212:originated 200:proto-rock 96:jump blues 33:Rock music 7492:UK garage 7487:Vaporwave 7477:Synth-pop 7472:Dance-pop 7467:Chillwave 7459:Elsewhere 7001:Bush band 6833:Americana 6769:Bluegrass 6406:Taiwanese 6389:Pakistani 6372:Malaysian 6300:1959–1975 6296:Cambodian 6258:Post-punk 6223:Ukrainian 6203:Slovenian 6173:Norwegian 6143:Icelandic 6138:Hungarian 6101:Nederbeat 6016:Uruguayan 6001:Colombian 5974:Brazilian 5969:Argentine 5931:Dominican 5872:Sufi rock 5862:Post-rock 5857:Math rock 5831:Trop rock 5781:Dream pop 5776:Deathrock 5745:Soft rock 5735:Punk rock 5720:Power pop 5715:Post-punk 5690:Glam rock 5685:Funk rock 5675:Cock rock 5639:Soft rock 5624:Raga rock 5599:Krautrock 5594:Jazz rock 5579:Hard rock 5569:Folk rock 5434:Genres by 5403:Rock band 4975:H. 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Early 1612:and the 1600:and the 1567:(1965). 1527:and the 1509:Joe Meek 1505:Les Paul 1295:", and " 1276:backbeat 1054:Pat Hare 913:(1949), 862:Atlantic 728:Jim Wynn 570:such as 429:credits 342:Greg Kot 288:) and a 270:backbeat 247:Greg Kot 7347:Electro 7327:Hip-hop 7247:Doo-wop 7216:Rapping 7211:Ragtime 7078:Related 6908:Norteño 6840:Cowpunk 6633:Motorik 6616:Related 6528:Culture 6525:History 6451:Oceania 6442:Zambian 6432:Angolan 6416:Turkish 6401:Russian 6350:Israeli 6345:Iranian 6328:Bengali 6316:Bisrock 6306:Chinese 6213:Swedish 6208:Spanish 6198:Serbian 6193:Russian 6158:Latvian 6153:Italian 6118:Finnish 6067:Britpop 6057:British 6052:Bosnian 6047:Belgian 5996:Chilean 5941:Mexican 5936:Haitian 5847:Britpop 5476:British 5299:below ( 5236:(audio) 5152:Sources 4896:(ed.). 3982:1214792 3080:Reuters 2012:July 3, 1972:hip hop 1906:rockers 1677:Oh Boy! 1666:Move It 1618:skiffle 1602:rockers 1264:R&B 1254:in 1957 1139:in 1957 1066:African 931:covered 796:Midwest 596:Buffalo 588:Chicago 584:Detroit 576:Memphis 561:in 1957 544:Origins 517:Presley 409:), and 407:skiffle 202:) is a 91:country 7435:Legacy 7357:Techno 7292:Motown 7196:Gospel 7168:series 6963:Tejano 6762:Genres 6755:genres 6709:Portal 6425:Africa 6367:Korean 6323:Indian 6178:Polish 6128:German 6123:French 6086:Danish 6030:Europe 5796:Grunge 5316:Curlie 5302:Curlie 5279: 5265: 5214: 5184: 5167: 5088: 5061: 4920: 4475: 4265: 4151: 3980: 3972: 3832: 3789: 3749: 3698: 3655: 3614: 3523: 3456: 3277: 3257: 3228: 3207: 3187: 2965:May 4, 2951: 2795: 2705: 2609:; and 2489: 2180:online 2136: 2113: 2052: 1970:, and 1968:techno 1795:, and 1725:London 1723:, and 1700:, and 1616:. 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