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1625:", New York Times (1989-01-23): "Robert C. McFarlane, the former adviser, said in a telephone interview that although Vice President Bush rarely expressed an opinion at such meetings, he supported Mr. McFarlane in urging that the shipments be stopped....At the December 1985 meeting, Mr. McFarlane recalled, he advised Mr. Reagan to end the arms operation....Mr. Bush, he said, made a similar brief statement at a White House meeting after Mr. McFarlane went to Teheran in May 1986."
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1206:
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1380:", Washington Post (1988-09-15) (via HighBeam.com): "Robert C. McFarlane, a key architect of President Reagan's 'Star Wars' plan to develop sophisticated defenses against Soviet ballistic missiles, said he has concluded 'There is no current basis for confidence that a survivable defensive shield is within reach' and that Reagan's announcement of it was misleading and simplistic."
1301:
1096:, from complications of a lung condition at the age of 84. He lived in Washington, D.C., but was visiting family in Michigan at the time of his death. On July 27, 2022, the Congressional Record published, "Remembering the Honorable Robert C. "Bud" McFarlane," commemorating the respect he commanded around the world for his diverse leadership roles.
1073:
region questioned the source and helpfulness of McFarlane's activities. That article prompted FBI investigators to review McFarlane's activities in the Sudan. After an exhaustive probe that lasted three years and included search of his trash, email, and personal belongings, investigators concluded
893:
in
Nicaragua. As National Security Adviser, McFarlane urged Reagan to negotiate the arms deal with Iranian intermediaries, but McFarlane said that by late December 1985 he was urging Reagan to end the arms shipments. McFarlane resigned on December 4, 1985, citing that he wanted to spend more time
477:
counts and admitted that he had hidden information about the Reagan administration's support of the
Contras from Congress. Suffering from guilt over his role in the scheme and feeling betrayed by Reagan, who, McFarlane later wrote, "approved every single action I ever took" but "lacked the moral
901:
The Iran-Contra affair came to light in
November 1986 and a political scandal ensued. Disheartened, feeling abused by his former colleagues, and in depression over the embarrassment for the president that his actions had contributed to, McFarlane attempted suicide with an overdose of 25 to 30
2069:
1941:"Whistleblowers Raise Grave Concerns with Trump Administration's Efforts to Transfer Sensitive Nuclear Technology to Saudi Arabia Prepared for Chairman Elijah E. Cummings Interim Staff Report Committee on Oversight and Reform U.S. House of Representatives Appendix A"
1435:
906:
tablets and was admitted into the hospital just two hours before his scheduled testimony before the Blue Ribbon panel appointed by
President Reagan to investigate Iran-Contra known as the Tower Commission on February 9, 1987, saying he had failed his country.
525:
in 1955, where he graduated in 1959. He was the third member of his family to attend the
Academy, after his uncle Robert McFarlane (1925) and his brother Bill (1949). At the academy he graduated in the top 15 percent of the class and
1465:
2061:
1427:
967:
advocating for developing nuclear power generation in the Middle East titled "The New
Imperialism". This proposal, dubbed "Middle East Marshall Plan" by its backers, was detailed in a March 2017 White Paper written by
1319:
953:(short for "International Peace Power & Prosperity"), a consortium of firms wanting to build nuclear reactors in Saudi Arabia that is led by retired U.S. military commanders and former White House officials.
2656:
458:
ballistic missile attacks. He resigned as
National Security Adviser in late 1985 because of disagreements with other administration figures but remained involved in negotiations with Iran and with
646:. In March 1965, he commanded an artillery battery in the first landing of U.S. combat forces in Vietnam. While deployed during his first tour, McFarlane was selected for graduate studies as an
1807:
2135:
2309:
473:. When the scheme came to light, administration officials implemented a plan to insulate Reagan and senior officials by focusing blame on McFarlane. He ultimately pleaded guilty to four
980:
Committee, a senior adviser to Trump's presidential campaign, and a long-time close friend of and fundraiser for Donald Trump. In 2021, McFarlane co-wrote with David Gattie a piece for
751:. In this post, McFarlane dealt with intelligence exchanges with the People's Republic of China from 1973 to 1976, giving detailed intelligence briefings to the PRC at the time of the
2686:
2160:"Complaint That Donald Regan May Be Placing Blame for the Iran Initiative on Robert McFarlane," Secret PROFS email (November 7, 1986). Original source: US National Security Council.
538:
in
Washington, D.C., in 2014. He sang in the Chapel Choir, and was a Brigade Administrative Officer and 14th Company Commander. He married his high school sweetheart, Jonda Riley.
2716:
573:
1918:
1888:
2038:
669:
After attending the
Graduate Institute of International Studies, McFarlane returned to Vietnam for a second tour in 1967–1968 as a Regimental Fire Support Coordinator for the
2691:
1404:
296:
1714:
631:
at the Army
Advanced Artillery Course. He was the executive assistant to the Marine Corps' Operations Deputy from 1968–1971, preparing the deputy for meetings with the
1065:, was the result of a request by Sudanese officials. McFarlane denied any improper contact with Sudanese officials or efforts to avoid disclosure of his work. The
1947:
2706:
1981:
831:
In 1982, Reagan appointed McFarlane as Deputy National Security Advisor responsible for the integration of the policy recommendations of the Departments of State,
2701:
17:
991:(WINEP) Board of Advisors, was president of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, was on the Board of Advisors, and was a founding member of the
1600:
1533:
1759:
Pichirallo, Joe (March 12, 1988). "McFarlane Enters Guilty Plea Arising From Iran-Contra Affair; Former Reagan Adviser Withheld Information From Congress".
824:
In 1981, President Reagan appointed and the Senate confirmed McFarlane as Counselor at the Department of State. In this post he assisted Secretary of State
2681:
1866:
1665:
930:
2346:
1271:
165:
50:
2721:
2671:
2198:
2373:
2230:
1836:
1803:
806:
370:
116:
2121:
1355:
984:, titled, "China and the Importance of Civil Nuclear Energy," which extended his ideas on nuclear energy to the geopolitical outlook for China.
478:
conviction and intellectual courage to stand up in our defense and in defense of his policy." McFarlane attempted suicide in 1987. He was later
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1635:
2711:
2676:
2304:
2726:
655:
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1914:
1226:
400:
2030:
1892:
2441:
2400:
1157:
988:
862:
740:
439:
385:
63:
1499:
832:
818:
760:
2272:
Tells the stories of John McCain, James Webb, Oliver North, Robert McFarlane, and John Poindexter; the impact of the Vietnam War.
1243:
918:
as part of the Iran-Contra cover-up. He was sentenced to two years' probation and a $ 20,000 fine but was pardoned by President
748:
405:
999:, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy.
810:
2666:
2519:
1044:
1396:
2003:
1706:
2196:
2099:
1737:
479:
1377:
1940:
1240:
836:
670:
1973:
1084:, co-founded the United States Energy Security Council, sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security.
347:
31:
1622:
469:, an operation in which the Reagan administration funneled weapons to Iran and diverted the profits to illegally fund
2287:
2265:
1636:"Letter Accepting the Resignation of Robert C. McFarlane as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs"
599:
1457:
865:. In that post, he was responsible for the development of U.S foreign and defense policy. He was a supporter of the
581:
1314:
1114:
1015:
996:
772:
265:
1589:
1522:
2661:
1031:
2432:
2197:
Daalder, Ivo H.; James M. Lindsay, Robert C. "Bud" McFarlane, Carla Anne Robbins (panelists) (April 18, 2001).
1858:
1774:
577:
1661:
839:. In 1983, he was appointed by the president as his Special Representative in the Middle East responsible for
674:
2410:
2731:
1234:
977:
866:
855:
635:. During this assignment he was also the Action Officer in the Marine Corps Operations Division for Europe/
451:
938:
McFarlane co-founded and served as CEO of McFarlane Associates Inc., an international consulting company.
2205:
779:
647:
535:
518:
306:
286:
1829:
2696:
1257:
992:
957:
has described himself as an adviser to IP3, which the company denies. In May 2019, McFarlane wrote an
793:
as Operations Officer for the 12th Marine Regiment. McFarlane retired in 1979 as a lieutenant colonel.
790:
435:
324:
771:
as his Special Assistant for National Security Affairs while a Lieutenant Colonel and was awarded the
2189:
1347:
840:
756:
729:
2473:
782:, where he co-authored a book on crisis management while concurrently receiving a diploma from the
613:
562:
432:
1639:
1523:"Appointment of Robert C. McFarlane as the President's Personal Representative in the Middle East"
1174:
2462:
1556:
1197:
1182:
1061:
published a story suggesting that McFarlane's contract for this work, which was supported by the
1021:
718:
566:
1590:"Appointment of Robert C. McFarlane as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs"
759:. In addition, McFarlane dealt with other aspects of foreign policy, including the Middle East,
1010:
1006:
915:
861:
Following that assignment, he returned to the White House and was appointed President Reagan's
686:
466:
2621:
1168:
1125:
632:
447:
1738:"McFarlane Takes Drug Overdose; Iran Probe Figure Hospitalized Shortly Before Testimony Due"
2646:
2641:
2606:
2514:
2393:
2126:
1211:
963:
783:
514:
96:
2062:"Probe of former national security adviser's relationship with Sudan ends without charges"
1428:"Probe of former national security adviser's relationship with Sudan ends without charges"
1108:
8:
2498:
1062:
682:
663:
522:
290:
1488:
1219:
2425:
2339:
1070:
886:
733:
527:
489:
After his pardon, McFarlane operated a consulting business. He was investigated by the
390:
196:
2600:
2569:
2283:
2261:
2254:
2224:
2167:. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey; Washington, D.C.: National Security Archive, 1990.
1139:
1093:
919:
847:
752:
714:
651:
502:
483:
394:
379:
375:
254:
2554:
2503:
2356:
1306:
1151:
846:
McFarlane was criticized for having involved the United States armed forces in the
743:
and at the conclusion of that assignment was selected as the Military Assistant to
208:
2007:
1251:
612:
Following graduation from the Naval Academy in 1959, McFarlane was commissioned a
2539:
2524:
2493:
2488:
2457:
2383:
2277:
2091:
1320:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
1191:
1057:
1036:
895:
744:
108:
2165:
The Iran-Contra Affair: The Making of a Scandal, 1983–1988 (Document collection)
1745:
2590:
2564:
2559:
2529:
2508:
2478:
2366:
2184:
1561:
1489:"Nomination of Robert C. McFarlane To Be' Counselor of the Department of State"
1055:
on intertribal relations and development projects. On September 30, 2009, the
825:
498:
300:
147:
889:
involved secretly selling arms to Iran and funneling the money to support the
2635:
2611:
2584:
2579:
2468:
2452:
2440:
2418:
1688:
954:
814:
678:
443:
84:
2294:
Discussion of Iran-Contra and McFarlane's role in the Reagan administration.
1859:"Report Accuses Trump Allies of Conspiring to Profit Off Saudi Nuclear Deal"
482:, along with several other figures in the Iran-Contra scandal, by President
2549:
2544:
2534:
2031:"Former Reagan Aide Robert McFarlane's Dealings With Sudan Raise Questions"
1143:
1131:
1078:
973:
764:
722:
706:
455:
1069:
article reported that some persons involved in peacemaking efforts in the
2595:
2483:
1081:
969:
911:
768:
643:
474:
357:
1348:"Robert C. McFarlane, Top Reagan Aide in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 84"
941:
877:
2574:
1830:"Trump billionaire friend aimed to profit from Mideast nuclear deal..."
1205:
802:
531:
27:
American Marine Corps officer and National Security Advisor (1937–2022)
2319:
1804:"Whistleblowers: Flynn backed plan to transfer nuclear tech to Saudis"
1397:"Robert 'Bud' McFarlane, Reagan national security adviser, dies at 84"
493:
in 2009 over concerns that he was illegally lobbying on behalf of the
694:
628:
459:
1889:"Statement on Nuclear Energy from IP3 International | Business Wire"
1778:
854:
bombardment of Lebanese opposition forces which may have led to the
809:, where he was responsible for staffing Senate consideration of the
627:
and was the Operations Officer for an artillery regiment. He taught
551:
2239:
Special Trust: Pride, Principle and Politics Inside the White House
1729:
710:
624:
616:
in the Marine Corps, where he served as a field artillery officer.
2657:
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
1752:
736:. He was the first Marine Corps officer selected for the program.
2204:. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. Archived from
890:
851:
702:
620:
470:
343:
2323:
1052:
950:
903:
698:
1707:"Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs – The Legal Aftermath"
1048:
958:
494:
778:
Upon leaving the White House, McFarlane was assigned to the
1280:
1265:
1047:. From 2009 on, McFarlane worked in the southern region of
636:
2687:
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award
2442:
Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs
2305:
Official Web Site of the Partnership for a Secure America
2279:
Sleepwalking Through History: America in the Reagan Years
2174:. New York: New Press, Distributed by W. W. Norton, 1993.
1286:
American-Swiss Friendship "Man of the Year" Award (1985)
490:
2310:
Official Web Site of the Committee on the Present Danger
2717:
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
1623:
Ex-Official Says Bush Urged End to Iran Arms Shipments
517:. After graduating high school, McFarlane entered the
513:
McFarlane was the son of Texas Democratic Congressman
501:
but was not charged with any crime. McFarlane died in
2314:
2122:"Remembering the Honorable Robert C. 'Bud' McFarlane"
1736:
Okie, Susan & Spolar, Chris (February 10, 1987).
1664:. Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters. 1993.
872:
1296:
1077:
In July 2011, McFarlane, in cooperation with former
1074:
their search and did not file any criminal charges.
650:. McFarlane received a master's degree (License) in
1972:Robert McFarlane, David Gattie (October 15, 2021).
1514:
728:Following his second tour in Vietnam and a tour at
2692:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
2253:
1974:"China and the Importance of Civil Nuclear Energy"
1891:(Press release). February 20, 2019. Archived from
1480:
1272:Alfred Thayer Mahan Award for Literary Achievement
1002:McFarlane served on a number of boards including:
2179:Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-up
2172:The Iran-Contra Scandal: The Declassified History
1735:
1092:McFarlane died on May 12, 2022, at a hospital in
801:In 1979, McFarlane was appointed by U.S. Senator
2633:
1971:
2707:United States Deputy National Security Advisors
2154:
1587:
1520:
1486:
995:. He was also an Advisory Board member for the
619:As a Marine Corps officer, McFarlane commanded
2199:"Assessing the Bush Foreign Policy Transition"
2092:"United States Energy Security Council – Home"
1695:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 509.
1687:
117:United States Deputy National Security Advisor
2702:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
2426:
534:. He received an honorary doctorate from the
2237:McFarlane, Robert C.; Smardz, Zofia (1994).
2229:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1748:on October 8, 2016 – via HighBeam.com.
1581:
894:with his family; he was replaced by Admiral
813:from 1979 to 1981. He also authored much of
76:October 17, 1983 – December 4, 1985
2682:Recipients of American presidential pardons
1390:
1388:
1386:
858:where 241 American servicemen were killed.
713:, and points between. McFarlane received a
656:Graduate Institute of International Studies
580:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
508:
454:, a project intended to defend the US from
450:, McFarlane was a leading architect of the
2433:
2419:
1758:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1027:Myriant Incorporated – Advisory Board
505:, on May 12, 2022, from a lung condition.
178:February 28, 1981 – April 4, 1982
49:
2059:
1425:
1394:
1099:
989:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
949:He was also a Co-founder and Director of
741:White House Office of Legislative Affairs
660:Institut de Hautes Etudes Internationales
642:McFarlane served two combat tours in the
600:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:April 4, 1982 – October 17, 1983
30:For other people with the same name, see
2722:United States National Security Advisors
2672:Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
2170:Kornbluh, Peter and Malcolm Byrne, eds.
2163:Kornbluh, Peter and Malcolm Byrne, eds.
1383:
1045:John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign
940:
929:
876:
693:, and artillery) for forces deployed at
2275:
2251:
1869:from the original on September 23, 2020
1798:
1796:
1332:
914:counts of withholding information from
767:. McFarlane was appointed by President
755:. He also accompanied Kissinger on his
541:
406:Navy Distinguished Public Service Award
401:Secretary's Distinguished Service Award
64:United States National Security Advisor
14:
2634:
1810:from the original on February 20, 2019
1662:"United States v. Robert C. McFarlane"
1244:Medal for Distinguished Public Service
817:'s foreign policy platform during the
639:, the Middle East, and Latin America.
465:McFarlane was a central figure in the
431:(July 12, 1937 – May 12, 2022) was an
18:Robert McFarlane (American politician)
2414:
2138:from the original on October 19, 2022
2060:Zapotosky, Matt (November 27, 2013).
2028:
1668:from the original on December 8, 2010
1554:
1426:Zapotosky, Matt (November 27, 2013).
1345:
2347:Counselor of the Department of State
2072:from the original on January 6, 2018
1953:from the original on August 10, 2019
1793:
1588:The White House (October 17, 1983).
1569:from the original on January 7, 2010
1487:The White House (January 29, 1981).
1438:from the original on January 6, 2018
1378:McFarlane Calls SDI Pitch Misleading
789:He ended his Marine Corps career on
578:adding citations to reliable sources
545:
166:Counselor of the Department of State
2712:United States Marine Corps officers
2677:Reagan administration controversies
1395:Schechter, Jerrold (May 13, 2022).
925:
910:In 1988, he pleaded guilty to four
24:
2727:United States Naval Academy alumni
2245:
2102:from the original on July 17, 2011
1921:from the original on July 31, 2019
1839:from the original on July 31, 2019
873:Iran-Contra affair and resignation
32:Robert MacFarlane (disambiguation)
25:
2743:
2652:Foreign Policy Research Institute
2298:
2041:from the original on May 19, 2017
2029:Eggen, Dan (September 30, 2009).
2004:"About Us | Alphabet Energy"
1984:from the original on May 20, 2022
1717:from the original on May 17, 2022
1603:from the original on May 20, 2009
1536:from the original on May 20, 2009
1521:The White House (July 22, 1983).
1502:from the original on May 20, 2009
1462:London Center for Policy Research
1407:from the original on May 13, 2022
1358:from the original on May 16, 2022
796:
681:. He organized all fire support (
2620:
2374:Deputy National Security Advisor
2241:. New York: Cadell & Davies.
1468:from the original on May 1, 2023
1299:
1279:
1264:
1250:
1233:
1218:
1204:
1190:
1173:
1167:
1150:
1130:
1124:
1115:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1107:
1016:Partnership for a Secure America
997:Partnership for a Secure America
773:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
550:
371:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
342:
2276:Johnson, Haynes Bonner (2003).
2114:
2084:
2053:
2022:
1996:
1965:
1933:
1907:
1881:
1851:
1822:
1806:. NBC News. February 19, 2019.
1777:. July 31, 2019. Archived from
1767:
1699:
1680:
1654:
1628:
1615:
1597:The American Presidency Project
1555:Rosen, Nir (October 29, 2009).
1530:The American Presidency Project
1496:The American Presidency Project
1032:Committee on the Present Danger
807:Senate Armed Services Committee
761:relations with the Soviet Union
623:, a battery of field artillery
486:shortly before he left office.
2282:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2193:. New York: Free Press, 1996.
1548:
1450:
1419:
1370:
987:McFarlane was a member of the
739:McFarlane was assigned to the
471:right-wing rebels in Nicaragua
446:from 1983 to 1985. Within the
13:
1:
2667:Military personnel from Texas
675:Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone
654:with highest honors from the
2155:General and cited references
1346:Lewis, Neil (May 13, 2022).
1325:
1315:Iran–United States relations
867:Strategic Defense Initiative
856:1983 Beirut barracks bombing
452:Strategic Defense Initiative
7:
2315:Institute of World Politics
1292:
1227:Distinguished Service Award
780:National Defense University
536:Institute of World Politics
519:United States Naval Academy
307:National Defense University
287:United States Naval Academy
10:
2748:
1258:Presidential Service Badge
993:Set America Free Coalition
819:1980 presidential campaign
325:United States Marine Corps
29:
2618:
2448:
2401:National Security Advisor
2398:
2390:
2380:
2371:
2363:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2181:. New York: Norton, 1997.
1158:Meritorious Service Medal
863:National Security Advisor
841:Israeli-Arab negotiations
749:National Security Council
732:, in 1971 he was named a
730:Headquarters Marine Corps
685:, naval gunfire from the
440:National Security Advisor
414:
386:Meritorious Service Medal
363:
353:
338:
330:
320:
315:
297:Geneva Graduate Institute
279:
271:
261:
244:
223:
218:
214:
202:
190:
182:
171:
163:
153:
141:
133:
122:
114:
102:
90:
80:
69:
61:
57:
48:
41:
2252:Timberg, Robert (1996).
1917:. The Washington Times.
1087:
509:Early life and education
1198:Army Commendation Medal
1183:Navy Commendation Medal
1022:Fuel Freedom Foundation
922:on Christmas Eve 1992.
719:Navy Commendation Medal
391:Navy Commendation Medal
2260:. Simon and Schuster.
2256:The Nightingale's Song
2190:The Nightingale's Song
2134:(125). July 27, 2022.
1775:"Our Team – IP3 Int'l"
1100:Awards and decorations
1018: – Advisory Board
1011:Non-executive director
1007:Aegis Defence Services
946:
935:
882:
869:(SDI or "Star Wars").
438:officer who served as
240:Washington, D.C., U.S.
1978:The National Interest
1915:"The New Imperialism"
1241:Secretary of the Navy
1043:He was an advisor to
982:The National Interest
944:
933:
880:
633:Joint Chiefs of Staff
448:Reagan administration
331:Years of service
228:Robert Carl McFarlane
2127:Congressional Record
1895:on February 20, 2019
1212:Combat Action Ribbon
964:The Washington Times
805:to the staff of the
784:National War College
574:improve this section
542:Marine Corps service
97:William P. Clark Jr.
2732:White House Fellows
2177:Walsh, Lawrence E.
2066:The Washington Post
2035:The Washington Post
1761:The Washington Post
1742:The Washington Post
1225:Secretary of State
1063:government of Qatar
673:deployed along the
671:3rd Marine Division
664:Geneva, Switzerland
2662:Iran–Contra affair
2340:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2332:Political offices
1557:"Lesson Unlearned"
1458:"Robert McFarlane"
1185:with Valor device
972:, the chairman of
947:
936:
887:Iran-Contra affair
883:
734:White House Fellow
467:Iran–Contra affair
348:Lieutenant colonel
197:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2697:Texas Republicans
2629:
2628:
2409:
2408:
2381:Succeeded by
2354:Succeeded by
1865:. July 30, 2019.
1835:. July 29, 2019.
1642:on March 20, 2014
1621:Shenon, Philip. "
1290:
1289:
1094:Lansing, Michigan
951:IP3 International
945:McFarlane in 2011
934:McFarlane in 1994
920:George H. W. Bush
881:McFarlane in 1987
848:Lebanon Civil War
757:visits to the PRC
753:Sino-Soviet split
652:strategic studies
614:second lieutenant
610:
609:
602:
515:William McFarlane
503:Lansing, Michigan
484:George H. W. Bush
418:
417:
255:Lansing, Michigan
16:(Redirected from
2739:
2624:
2435:
2428:
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2411:
2391:Preceded by
2364:Preceded by
2357:James L. Buckley
2337:Preceded by
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2020:
2019:
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2015:
2010:on July 27, 2014
2006:. Archived from
2000:
1994:
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1781:on July 31, 2019
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1750:
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1744:. Archived from
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1722:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:An American Life
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1307:Biography portal
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976:'s Presidential
926:Other activities
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316:Military service
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219:Personal details
209:James L. Buckley
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93:
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53:
39:
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21:
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2246:Further reading
2222:
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2211:on July 8, 2004
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2185:Timberg, Robert
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648:Olmsted Scholar
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679:Tet Offensive
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559:This section
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444:Ronald Reagan
442:to President
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238:July 12, 1937
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186:Ronald Reagan
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137:Ronald Reagan
136:
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126:
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85:Ronald Reagan
83:
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68:
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56:
52:
47:
43:Bud McFarlane
40:
37:
33:
19:
2399:
2372:
2345:
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2255:
2238:
2213:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2188:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2140:. Retrieved
2131:
2125:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2095:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2034:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:the original
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1832:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1769:
1760:
1754:
1746:the original
1741:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1692:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1630:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1596:
1583:
1573:December 24,
1571:. Retrieved
1560:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1529:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1495:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1431:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1400:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1351:
1144:Valor device
1091:
1079:CIA director
1076:
1066:
1056:
1042:
1001:
986:
981:
974:Donald Trump
962:
948:
937:
909:
900:
884:
860:
845:
830:
823:
800:
788:
777:
765:arms control
738:
727:
723:Valor device
721:, both with
707:The Rockpile
688:
668:
659:
641:
618:
611:
596:
587:
572:Please help
560:
512:
488:
464:
436:Marine Corps
428:
424:
420:
419:
354:Battles/wars
250:(2022-05-12)
248:May 12, 2022
204:Succeeded by
173:
155:Succeeded by
124:
104:Succeeded by
71:
36:
2647:2022 deaths
2642:1937 births
2367:James Nance
2320:Appearances
2142:October 19,
1863:Vanity Fair
1646:December 4,
1376:Smith, R. "
1140:Bronze Star
1082:Jim Woolsey
970:Tom Barrack
912:misdemeanor
769:Gerald Ford
715:Bronze Star
677:during the
644:Vietnam War
475:misdemeanor
421:Robert Carl
376:Bronze Star
358:Vietnam War
275:Jonda Riley
192:Preceded by
148:James Nance
143:Preceded by
92:Preceded by
2636:Categories
2525:Poindexter
2499:Brzezinski
2405:1983–1985
2378:1982–1983
2351:1981–1982
2215:August 23,
803:John Tower
689:New Jersey
662:, HEI) in
590:March 2023
532:gymnastics
266:Republican
234:1937-07-12
2601:Kupperman
2540:Scowcroft
2520:McFarlane
2494:Scowcroft
2489:Kissinger
2096:usesc.org
1711:brown.edu
1607:March 23,
1540:March 23,
1506:March 23,
1326:Citations
978:Inaugural
775:in 1976.
695:Con Thien
625:howitzers
561:does not
530:twice in
523:Annapolis
460:Hezbollah
429:McFarlane
334:1959–1979
280:Education
183:President
174:In office
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2612:Sullivan
2603:(acting)
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2587:(acting)
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1957:July 31,
1948:Archived
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495:Sudanese
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2575:S. Rice
2570:Donilon
2555:C. Rice
2463:Jackson
1988:July 3,
1925:May 21,
1833:Reuters
1721:May 17,
1672:June 7,
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1362:May 16,
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891:Contras
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567:sources
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2479:Bundy
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1648:2012
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