Robert III of Scotland

1071:, the younger Robert, then John, Earl of Carrick, is shown to be an energetic ambitious man and fully engaged in the running of the country, at the centre of Anglo-Scottish diplomacy, and who became the pre-eminent magnate in Scotland and whose political importance south of the Forth would eclipse that of his father's. Boardman describes how in 1384 he callously engineered the council to remove his father from power and to place it in his hands. Many of the problems of Robert III's rule, Boardman argues, stemmed from the death of his brother-in-law and close ally James, Earl of Douglas at Otterburn in 1388, when his deliberately constructed and powerful affinity south of the Forth crumbled. That same year Carrick lost the lieutenancy to his brother Robert Earl of Fife, that was, Boardman suggests, a blow to the future king's standing and one from which he would not fully recover. According to Boardman, when Robert became king in 1390 he was the victim of his father's style of government characterised by Robert II's creation of his sons, sons-in-law, and other major territorial nobles as powerful magnates to whom he delegated extensive authority. As a result, Robert III's brothers refused to act simply as liegemen to the king. Robert III, already weakened by the council when he ascended the throne, was in the end completely subordinated to the magnate power of Albany and Douglas. 1064:

complaints made in the later chronicles of lawlessness and disturbance in the country were mainly confined to the north with the king's brother Alexander, Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan at its root. The death of John, Lord of the Isles heralded a state of dissension between the lordship and the crown that was to last for two generations and which even Robert III's successor James I was unable to deal with properly. Lynch states that much of the troubles during Robert III's reign derived from the sharp deterioration of the royal revenues. The unruliness of northern Scotland was the result of competing factions within the royal family — Lynch suggests that the weakness in kingship before 1406 "can be exaggerated", citing Buchan's enforced appearance at Robert III's council to answer for his incendiary attack on Elgin and its cathedral, and Albany's obtainment of a submission from the lord of the Isles.

1027:(1967) agrees and writes of the first two Stewart kings "that a famous dynasty, which was to produce so many men of remarkable ability ... made a somewhat pedestrian beginning". He immediately qualifies this statement with "it is true that the sources, both record and narrative, are scanty". He goes further and explains "admittedly, no attempt has yet been made to bring the resources of modern historical research to bear on Robert II and Robert III ... but it is beyond the bounds of probability that even if this is done either of them will emerge as a man who did much positively to shape Scottish history." When Robert III re-established his personal rule in 1393, Donaldson characterises it as a period of anarchy, and of a king who couldn't control his brothers Albany and Buchan, nor his son Rothesay. 617:... considering that there are, and have been now for a considerable time, great and numerous defects in the governing of the kingdom by reason of the king's disposition, both by reason of age and for other reasons, and the infirmity of the lord his firstborn son ... have amicably chosen Sir , earl of Fife, second-born son of the king, and brother german of the same lord the firstborn son, guardian of the kingdom under the king, ... for putting into effect justice and keeping the law internally, and for the defence of the kingdom with the king's force, as set out before, against those attempting to rise up as enemies. 1034:(1974), and describes Robert III as a failure, like his father, because he wasn't dominant. Nicholson's opinion was that in his period as Lieutenant in the 1380s, Robert (John, Earl of Carrick) was incapable of dealing with the breakdown of law and order, citing the number of legal cases. The lameness of Carrick after being kicked by a horse was explained by Nicholson as the excuse needed to have him replaced by his brother Robert, Earl of Fife as the king's lieutenant. Nicholson writes, "nothing much was to be hoped for in the heir apparent", and goes on to blame Robert III for the destruction of 511: 861: 1049:(2000) puts forward that the first two Stewart kings, "had difficulty in asserting themselves, partly because their dynasty was new to kingship and needed to establish itself". Robert III's period of personal rule from 1393 was "disastrous" according to Barrell, and was exemplified by the king's failure to re-take the royal fortress of Dumbarton. Barrell's final assessment of Robert III was of a man crippled in body and incapable or averse to personally confronting Albany but sought to do so through promoting the status of his sons, and even then he failed. 31: 3401: 1060:, explains that the 13th century Scottish kings ruled with the endorsement of practically all the political classes but that none of the 14th century kings, from Robert I to Robert III, did so and retained loyalty by the use of patronage. The benefits of this were outweighed by the disadvantages — alienated lands reduced crown income, endowments had the same effect, the estates granted to nobles and church often in regality led to a loss of royal attendance within these territories and contributed to a diminishment of authority. 849:. Rothesay had also in conjunction with his uncle, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, confronted Albany's influence in central Scotland. As soon his lieutenancy expired in 1402, Rothesay was arrested and imprisoned in Albany's Falkland Castle where he died in March 1402. Rothesay's death probably lay with Albany and Douglas, who would have looked upon the possibility of the young prince acceding to the throne with great apprehension. They certainly fell under suspicion, but were cleared of all blame by a general council, 1080: 924: 444:. After this, Robert III withdrew to his lands in the west and for a time played little or no part in affairs of state. He was powerless to interfere when a dispute between Albany and Rothesay arose in 1401, leading to Rothesay's imprisonment and death in March 1402. The general council absolved Albany from blame and reappointed him as Lieutenant. The only impediment now remaining to an Albany Stewart monarchy was the king's only surviving son, 1056:(1984) found Robert III to be "probably Scotland's least impressive king". Grant puts this into perspective and writes that it is notable that Robert III's reign could have been worse compared to the turmoil and violence experienced in England and France when ruled by weak kings. Even on Robert's death, Scotland didn't descend into open civil war but was restricted to positioning among the royal family and its magnate groupings. Grant, in 681: 891:. With the king's health failing, it was decided in the winter of 1405–1406 to send the young prince to France out of the reach of Albany. Despite this, the manner of James's flight from Scotland was unplanned. In February 1406, James together with Orkney and Fleming, at the head of a large group of followers left the safety of Bishop Wardlaw's protection in St Andrews and journeyed through the hostile Douglas territories of 809: 845:

daughter of the Earl of Douglas. March, enraged by this, wrote to Henry IV on 18 February 1400, and by July had entered Henry's service. In 1401, Rothesay took on a more assertive and autonomous attitude, circumventing proper procedures, unjustifiably appropriating sums from the customs of the burghs on the east coast, before provoking further animosity when he confiscated the revenues of the temporalities of the vacant

673:. Yet in the north, Carrick did not bring Buchan under control and many of the Guardian's supporters although pleased at the resumption of hostilities with England were unhappy at the continued northern lawlessness. Carrick had been made Guardian partly on the need to curb Buchan's excesses yet despite this by February 1387 Buchan had become even more powerful and influential when he was appointed 708:, Lord of Galloway, who held an entail on his kinsman's estates, and who ultimately succeeded to the earldom. Fife, with his new powerful Douglas ally, together with those loyal to the king, ensured at the December 1388 council meeting that the guardianship of Scotland would pass from Carrick (who had recently been badly injured from a horse-kick) to Fife. 506:

where the Drummonds also had interests, while Douglas and March mistrusted David's intentions towards them. These nobles were also unhappy at the king's squandering of funds provided to him for his ransom, and with the prospect that they could be sent to England as guarantors for the ransom payments.

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to re-establish Scottish control over English occupied territory. In 1363, he joined his father along with the earls of Douglas and March in a failed insurrection against Robert's uncle, David II. The reasons for the rebellion were varied. In 1362, David II supported several of his royal favourites

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that included Albany, Rothesay, Archibald, Earl of Douglas, Albany's son Murdoch, justiciar North of the Forth along with the bishops Walter of St Andrews and Gilbert of Aberdeen — the outcome of this meeting manifested itself at the council meeting held in January 1399 when the king was forced to

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The war with England was halted by a series of truces however, on 19 April 1388, English envoys sent to Scotland to again extend the ceasefire returned to Richard's court empty-handed — by 29 April Robert II was conducting a council in Edinburgh to authorise renewed conflict with England. Although

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by 1367. In 1368 David created him Earl of Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David II. In the succeeding years, Carrick was influential in the governance of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384

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supporters drew criticism from Northern nobles and prelates and demonstrated Robert II's inability or reluctance to control his son. The king's failure to take a leading role in prosecuting the war with England and Buchan's abuse of royal power in the north was the backdrop to the general council

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by Robert I when female heirs were excluded; David II attempted unsuccessfully on several occasions to have the council change the succession procedure. Robert II quickly moved to ensure the succession of John when the general council attending his coronation officially named Carrick as heir — in

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dated 22 November 1347. Therefore, although their children were legitimate, having been born after the first marriage of their parents, John, his three brothers and six sisters were legitimised by their parents' second Church-sanctioned marriage. Styled Lord of Kyle, John is first recorded in the

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Michael Lynch suggests that the earlier 20th century historians made hasty evaluations of both Robert II and Robert III when they characterised them as "pathetically weak personalities" and their reigns as "nineteen years of senility and sixteen of infirmity". Lynch also makes the point that the

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and harried and forayed into England causing much damage, and taking Wark Castle around 13 October 1399. A far-reaching dispute between Rothesay and George Dunbar, Earl of March, occurred when Rothesay, rather than remarrying Elizabeth Dunbar as previously agreed, decided to marry Mary Douglas,

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Following Rothesay's death, and with the restoration of the lieutenancy to Albany and the Scottish defeat at the battle of Humbleton, Robert III experienced almost total exclusion from political authority and was limited to his lands in the west. By late 1404 Robert, with the aid of his close

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In 1392, Robert III strengthened the position of his son David, now Earl of Carrick, when he endowed him with a large annuity that allowed the young prince to build up his household and affinity, and then in 1393 regained his right to direct rule when the general council decided that Fife's

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Before 1384 persistent objections regarding Robert II's application of the law were brought to the council's attention. Some of these grievances maintained that the King had acted unlawfully by deliberately disregarding charges regarding his personal conduct. Buchan's use of

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Robert Stewart and Elizabeth Mure were married in 1336 by traditional marriage, recognized as legally binding but not recognized by the Church. The marriage was criticized for being uncanonical, so they married a second time in 1349, after receiving a papal dispensation from

895:— an act probably designed to demonstrate James's royal endorsement of his custodians, but also a move by his custodians to further their own interests in the traditional Douglas heartlands. Events went seriously wrong for James and he had to escape to the Bass Rock in the 804:

on 28 April 1396. Carrick progressively acted independently of his father taking control of the Stewart lands in the south-west, while maintaining his links with the Drummonds of his mother, and all at a time when Fife's influence in central Scotland remained strong.

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There was general approval of Fife's intention to properly resolve the situation of lawlessness in the north and in particular the activities of Buchan his younger brother. Buchan was stripped of his position of justiciar, which would soon be given to Fife's son,

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In those days there was no law in Scotland, but the strong oppressed the weak, and the whole kingdom was one den of thieves. Homicides, robberies, fire-raisings, and other misdeeds remained unpunished, and justice seemed banished beyond the kingdom's bounds.

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In April 1385, the general council sharply condemned Buchan's behaviour and sat intending to manoeuvre Carrick into firmly intervening in the north. In July, under Carrick's guardianship, a Scottish army that included a French force commanded by Admiral

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Within weeks Carrick's actions signalled changes in the direction of crown strategy where the Carrick–Douglas affinity was, by far, the largest group to benefit from crown patronage. On 13 March 1385 it emerged that an unauthorised payment of £700 in

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In diebus illis non erat lex in Scocia sed quilibet potencior minorem oppressit et totum regnum fuit unum latrocinium. Homicidia depredaciones et incendia et cetera maleficia remanserunt inpunita et justicia utlegata extra regni terminos exulavit.

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on 22 June 1368 and the tacit approval of John as the king's probable heir. A Stewart succession was suddenly endangered when David II had his marriage to Margaret annulled in March 1369 leaving the king free to remarry and with the prospect of a

880:, the Earl of Buchan's illegitimate son, who was in dispute with Albany over the earldom of Mar. Robert III again exhibited his new resolve when in December 1404 he created a new regality in the Stewartry for his sole remaining son and heir, 699:

in August 1388, its leader, the Earl of Douglas, was killed. Douglas died childless, triggering a series of claims on his estate — Carrick backed his brother-in-law Malcolm Drummond, the husband of Douglas's sister, while Carrick's brother,

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Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after swaying the general council to remove Robert II from direct rule. Carrick's administration saw a renewal of the conflict with England. In 1388 the Scots defeated the English at the

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lieutenancy should end and that Carrick, now of age, should assist his father. This independence of action was demonstrated in 1395–1396, when he responded to Carrick's unauthorised marriage to Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter of

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Robert II's policy of building up Stewart domination in Scotland through the advancement of his sons saw the emergence of Carrick as the pre-eminent Stewart magnate south of the Forth-Clyde line, just as his younger brother

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In 1390, Robert II died and Carrick ascended the throne as Robert III but without authority to rule directly. Fife continued as Lieutenant until February 1393 when power was returned to the king jointly with his son

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and the rise of Robert III to the throne. As the elderly king has grown "feeble, weary and half-blind", his sons, daughters and other nobles campaign for power. An ungoverned Scotland is ravaged by their conflicts.

4266: 420:, was killed. By this time Carrick had been badly injured from a horse kick, however, it was the loss of his powerful ally, Douglas, that saw a turnaround in magnate support in favour of his younger brother 763:. The four-month delay in the crowning of Robert III can be seen as a period when Fife and his affinity sought to ensure their future positions, and which also saw Buchan's opportunistic attack on 796:

ally. He further showed his authority when in an attempt to reduce inter-clan feuding and lawlessness, he arranged and oversaw a gladiatorial limited combat between the clans of Kay and Quhele (

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In May 1390 parliament granted John permission to change his regnal name to Robert, probably in part to maintain the link back to Robert I but also to disassociate himself from King

788:, by ensuring its annulment. The king appears to have also taken over the conduct of foreign affairs, preserving the peace with Richard II and managing to increase the power of the 5069: 911:, who delivered James to King Henry IV of England. Robert III had moved to Rothesay Castle where, after hearing of his son's captivity, he died on 4 April 1406, and was buried in 4252: 824:

in April 1398 criticised the king's governance, and empowered his brother Robert and his son David — now respectively the Dukes of Albany and Rothesay — to lead an army against

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1373 the Stewart succession was further strengthened when parliament passed entails defining how each of the king's sons could inherit the crown. After the coronation

4378: 448:. After a clash with Albany's Douglas allies in 1406, the 11-year-old James tried to escape to France. The vessel was intercepted and James became the prisoner of 498:

in their titles to lands in the Stewart earldom of Monteith and thwarted Stewart claims to the earldom of Fife. The King's involvement and eventual marriage with

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January, David (now Duke of Rothesay) appointed Lieutenant of Scotland to rule for three years but under supervision of a group led by Fife (now Duke of Albany)

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For an understanding of the designation of baronies and earldoms into regalities and their powers during the reign of Robert III, see Alexander Grant,

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The date of Robert II's death and the disputed date for Robert II's burial and the reasons for the delay in Robert III's coronation are explained by

526:, the daughter of the queen's deceased brother, Sir John Drummond. David II reinforced the position of John and Annabella by providing them with the 3848: 5055: 1100:. The novel covers events from 1396 to 1402, depicting "Scottish Clan feuds" and other disturbances in Robert III's reign. Robert III himself, 935:, the daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William Montifex, in c. 1366/1367. They had seven children: 3783: 4486: 4118: 716:. In January 1390 Robert II was in the north-east perhaps to strengthen the now changed political outlook in that region. He returned to 5839: 4422: 3880: 3600: 1173:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from 1402 to 1411. It depicts the last few years in the reign of Robert III, the captivity of 1959:

For an account of the background to Buchan's activities in the north of Scotland and the context in which he operated see Boardman,

4128: 4084: 6036: 6031: 6026: 4382:(Acknowledged in Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, northern Italy, Ireland, Norway, Poland, and Sweden) 3814: 942:(24 October 1378 – 26 March 1402), who was betrothed to Elizabeth Dunbar but later married Lady Marjory Douglas, the daughter of 903:, and which resulted in Sir David Fleming's death. Their confinement on the rock was to last for over a month before a ship from 4479: 959: 943: 6006: 5890: 3181: 3161: 3022: 2942: 2924: 2803: 546:

on 27 March 1371 and before this date had given John — now styled Steward of Scotland — the ancestral lands surrounding the

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Grant, Alexander (1992), "The Otterburn War from the Scottish Point of View", in Goodman, Anthony; Tuck, Anthony (eds.),

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22 March, James's ship bound for France was intercepted by the English and the prince began his eighteen-year captivity

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Boardman, Stephen (2007), "The Gaelic World and the Early Stewart Court", in Broun, Dauvit; MacGregor, Martin (eds.),

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Mìorun Mòr nan Gall, "The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander"? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern

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During the early months along with his father and others, he was part of an abortive insurrection against David II

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in November 1384, where the decision was taken to sideline the king and provide the ruling powers to Carrick as

5832: 4182: 3809: 3768: 3577: 1561: 1456: 1154: 1134: 1105: 877: 793: 701: 560: 116: 5880: 1149:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from c. 1390 to 1402. Robert III turns out to be a weak king. His son 349:

Sometime during that winter the King had decided to send his remaining son, James, to France for safe-keeping

876:, Sir David Fleming and Henry Wardlaw, had succeeded in re-establishing himself and intervened in favour of 5729: 5692: 5015: 4177: 3941: 3763: 104: 3341:

Webster, Bruce (1998), "Scotland without a King, 1329–1341", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith (eds.),

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who had received the Lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son,

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The friction between the King and the Stewarts looked to have been settled before the end of spring 1367.

5454: 4826: 4192: 4133: 4089: 3972: 1358: 440:, became Lieutenant under the supervision of a special parliamentary group dominated by Fife, now styled 5443: 4816: 669:

penetrated the north of England without any serious gains but provoked a damaging retaliatory attack by

5870: 5739: 5417: 5385: 4791: 4765: 4510: 3799: 1303: 1217: 556: 3392: 5991: 5825: 5734: 5529: 5474: 5082: 4906: 4846: 4745: 4502: 3451: 1547: 825: 377: 44: 6001: 5996: 5863: 5535: 5524: 5230: 5086: 5078: 4911: 4901: 4710: 4234: 4187: 3630: 3546: 907:, en route for France, picked them up. On 22 March 1406, the ship was taken by English pirates off 381: 4695: 4675: 3190:

Penman, Michael (2001), "The House Divided: Bruce vs Balliol, 1290–1371", in Oram, Richard (ed.),

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reported that Robert III described himself as "the worst of kings and the most miserable of men".

5504: 5499: 5484: 5459: 4881: 4876: 4856: 4831: 851:"where, by divine providence and not otherwise, it is discerned that he departed from this life". 846: 781: 658: 542:) unexpectedly died, presumably to the relief of both John and his father. Robert was crowned at 539: 5166: 4655: 4426:(Acknowledged in Aragon, Burgundy, Castile and León, Cyprus, France, Naples, Savoy, and Scotland 5875: 5683: 5514: 5489: 5464: 5449: 5321: 5156: 5010: 4891: 4871: 4861: 4836: 4821: 4447: 3717: 3116:

Grant, Alexander (2000), "Fourteenth-century Scotland", in Jones, Michael; et al. (eds.),

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The kin of the border earls took advantage of the confusion in England after the deposition of

392:(1368–1390) before ascending the throne at about the age of 53 years. He was the eldest son of 317:

Ruling powers restored to the King with his elder son David undertaking a more influential role

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rival each other for political power in his court. But the struggle attracts the attention of

6016: 5673: 5583: 5563: 5494: 5432: 5422: 5412: 5291: 5286: 5259: 5220: 5215: 4995: 4965: 4945: 4866: 4806: 4796: 4786: 4291: 4218: 4213: 4113: 3931: 3910: 3743: 3704: 3539: 3478: 3444: 2864:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2798:, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, Edinburgh: John Donald, an imprint of Birlinn Ltd, 2715: 2679: 1129: 1000: 582:, was born to Carrick and Annabella on 24 October 1378. In 1381, Carrick was calling himself 503: 461: 400:

and was legitimized by the second marriage of his parents and by papal dispensation in 1349.

393: 244: 72: 5378: 5130: 4760: 884:, now Earl of Carrick — an act designed to prevent these lands falling into Albany's hands. 290:

November, Carrick engineered his appointment as guardian of the kingdom sidelining the King

6021: 5929: 5651: 5598: 5588: 5578: 5551: 5469: 5392: 5326: 5281: 5271: 5265: 5254: 5248: 5198: 4990: 4980: 4970: 4960: 4940: 4929: 4917: 4841: 4770: 4645: 4437: 4332: 4146: 4079: 4032: 3967: 3900: 3567: 2697: 828:, and his brothers. In November 1398, an influential group of magnates and prelates met at 642: 481: 477: 404: 8: 5960: 5886: 5678: 5631: 5573: 5509: 5306: 5296: 5276: 5242: 5047: 5000: 4955: 4886: 4301: 4197: 4123: 4003: 3885: 3840: 3712: 3469: 3461: 1174: 1162: 978: 977:; married 4th Sir William Edmonstone of Culloden and 1st of Duntreath (ancestors of the 949: 881: 860: 841: 692: 449: 445: 413: 82: 3400: 3152:

Grant, Alexander (2008), "Franchises North of the Border", in Prestwich, Michael (ed.),

962:, the son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn; 661:, had been struggling to check Carrick's misuse of the Crown finances during 1384–1385. 510: 309:

14 August, Carrick crowned as Robert III but without power and Fife retains guardianship

30: 5715: 5353: 5301: 5225: 5034: 5030: 5005: 4635: 4590: 4311: 4167: 3722: 3011: 1109: 705: 527: 523: 3313:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3273:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3052:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2981:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2824:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2766:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 538:

On 22 February 1371, David II (who was preparing to marry the Earl of March's sister,

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The History of the Scottish Parliament: Parliament and Politics In Scotland 1235–1560

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along with the Earl of Orkney after his escorts were attacked by James Douglas of

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1 December, Carrick lost guardianship to his younger brother Robert, Earl of Fife

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John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his great-uncle

389: 146: 4471: 771:, and possibly also a protest at Fife's reappointment as the king's lieutenant. 436:. At a council in 1399 owing to the king's "sickness of his person", David, now 5817: 5759: 5646: 5603: 5557: 5342: 4985: 4530: 4357: 4048: 3650: 3640: 3635: 3485: 3057: 2986: 2869: 2829: 1296: 1190:

Some of the most powerful Scots of Robert III's time were his close relatives:

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John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall, (1364–1412) who was an ancestor to the

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at the hands of Henry IV and the events back in Scotland. Concluding with the

674: 623:— Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 1 December 1388, Edinburgh. 5985: 5973:

Did not hold the rank of earl/mormaer, but ruled the province as a petty-king

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Earl of Angus in the southeast of the country as a counterbalance to Fife's

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sustained by his connections to border magnates such as his brother-in-law,

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Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon, 1378–1394

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Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 14 May 1402, Edinburgh.

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in March where he died on 19 April and was buried at Scone on 25 April.

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early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterwards. He was married to

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25–27 March, Rothesay dies in custody but parliament exonerates Albany

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4 April, the ailing King Robert died after learning of his son's fate

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of 1390 bearing a crowned facing effigy of Robert III on the obverse

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By 28 October 1405, Robert III had returned to Dundonald Castle in

721: 680: 551: 2893: 1128:. Covers events from c. 1388 to 1390. Depicting the last years of 808: 5687: 5593: 4975: 4735: 4595: 4570: 4520: 1087:

Robert III has been depicted in historical novels. They include:

650: 633: 229: 5479: 5427: 5151: 5146: 4851: 4801: 1035: 904: 816:

The king was increasingly blamed for his failure to pacify the

2059: 2057: 2055: 969:; married 2nd Sir James Kennedy the Younger and gave birth to 590:, son of William, Earl of Douglas, whom he succeeded in 1384. 5399: 4775: 4715: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 817: 2796:

The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406

1824: 1822: 5183: 2052: 5077: 1874: 812:

Falkland Palace built close to the site of Falkland Castle

1819: 833:

surrender power to Rothesay for a period of three years.

3245: 3033:

Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History

2919:, vol. 3 (2004 ed.), The Minerva Group, Inc., 2313: 624: 502:

may also have represented a threat in the Steward's own

493:

1350s as the commander of a campaign in the Lordship of

958:

Margaret Stewart (died between 1450 and 1456), married

3154:

Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles

2356:

Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles

995:

He also had at least two older illegitimate children:

4452:

1394–1417 (deposed in 1409 and 1417; died 1424)

4274: 927:

Robert III and Annabella Drummond (1562 illustration)

3243: 2916:

Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama

3210:

The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations

2041: 2039: 1942: 1940: 820:in the west and north. The general council held in 567:— Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the 3302: 3262: 3228:Border Fury: England and Scotland at War 1296–1568 3041: 3010: 2970: 2853: 2813: 2755: 952:(December 1394 – 21 February 1437), King of Scots; 593: 4501: 550:. How the succession was to take place was first 522:to John, who by this time was already married to 5983: 5847: 3343:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community 3304:"Balliol, Edward (b. in or after 1281, d. 1364)" 3194:, Stroud, Gloustershire: Tempus Publishing Ltd, 3118:The New Cambridge Medieval History: C. 1300-1415 2191: 2189: 2117: 2036: 1937: 3173:A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales 1042:, despite the lieutenancy of Fife at the time. 3247:Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 1030:Ranald Nicholson agrees with Donaldson in his 460:John Stewart was born around the year 1337 to 5833: 5063: 4487: 4260: 3601: 3043:"Murray, Sir Andrew, of Bothwell (1298–1338)" 2641:"King Robert III – National Portrait Gallery" 2186: 480:, were the children of the first Bruce king, 333:Probably late in the year, arrested by Albany 307:19 April, Robert II died at Dundonald Castle 4355: 4110:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay 3361:Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy 991:, son of Sir James Douglas and Agnes Dunbar. 380:from 1390 to his death in 1406. He was also 5630:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 4119:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 3082:War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages 2937:, vol. 1, Edinburgh University Press, 2932: 691:the Scots army defeated the English at the 282:27 March, Robert II crowned at Scone Abbey 5840: 5826: 5807:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 5070: 5056: 4494: 4480: 4267: 4253: 3608: 3594: 3399: 3120:, Woodbridge: Cambridge University Press, 2354:, pp. 193–199 in Michael Prestwick (Ed.), 2088: 2086: 1116:stands out among the secondary characters; 1083:An early 17th century imagining of Robert. 915:, which had been founded by the Stewarts. 29: 3345:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2656: 2654: 774: 518:On 31 May 1367, the Steward resigned the 384:from 1371 to 1390 and held the titles of 3911:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly 2933:Brown, Keith M.; Tanner, Roland (2008), 2891: 2851: 2811: 2793: 2753: 2155:A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 2107:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland" 1974:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland" 1078: 922: 859: 807: 679: 509: 3746:, first monarch of the House of Stewart 3340: 3310:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3300: 3270:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3260: 3147:, vol. I, Edinburgh: David Douglas 3049:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2978:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2861:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2821:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2763:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2735: 2083: 1074: 855: 190: 1367; died 1401) 5984: 4296:(House of Plantaginet) 1377–1399 4214:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie" 3742:The generations indicate descent from 3225: 3207: 3189: 3039: 3030: 2909: 2651: 960:Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas 944:Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas 5821: 5051: 4475: 4316:(House of Lancaster) 1413–1422 4248: 4193:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales 4049:James VI of Scotland and I of England 3589: 3169: 3151: 3133: 3115: 3097: 3079: 3008: 2968: 2950: 2663: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1481: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1406: 1404: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1261: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 204: 4306:(House of Lancaster) 1399–1413 3615: 3358: 3142: 946:and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn; 748:Chartularium Episcopatus Moraviensis 144:4 April 1406 (aged 68–69) 3393:Portraits of Robert III of Scotland 918: 13: 3192:The Kings & Queens of Scotland 3102:, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, 2754:Boardman, S. I. (September 2004). 2288:The New Cambridge Medieval History 1919:The New Cambridge Medieval History 1058:The New Cambridge Medieval History 16:King of Scotland from 1390 to 1406 14: 6048: 4275:Contemporary rulers of Robert III 4085:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne 3397:National Portrait Gallery, London 3377: 3156:, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 3143:Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1904), 1464:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan 1165:, leading to English involvement; 1139:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan 1010: 971:Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy 967:George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus 767:, settling an old score with the 4065:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 989:James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith 657:. It transpired that Fife, also 5107:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 3886:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria 3815:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford 3386:at the official website of the 3136:Registrum Episcapus Moraviensis 2953:The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371 2708: 2690: 2672: 2633: 2620: 2607: 2594: 2581: 2568: 2555: 2542: 2529: 2516: 2503: 2490: 2485:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages 2477: 2464: 2451: 2438: 2425: 2412: 2399: 2386: 2373: 2360: 2344: 2331: 2318: 2306: 2293: 2280: 2275:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 2267: 2254: 2241: 2228: 2215: 2202: 2173: 2160: 2147: 2130: 2099: 2070: 2023: 2010: 1997: 1984: 1966: 1953: 1924: 1911: 1898: 1861: 1848: 1835: 1806: 1793: 1780: 1767: 1754: 1741: 1728: 1715: 1658:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1632:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1619:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1541:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1151:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1102:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1032:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages 984:Egidia Stewart, died unmarried; 940:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 594:Guardianship — and its collapse 514:Blason of John, Earl of Carrick 372:(c. 1337 – 4 April 1406), born 215:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 187: 111:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 6037:Lord high stewards of Scotland 6032:15th-century Scottish monarchs 6027:14th-century Scottish monarchs 5104:Monarchs of England until 1603 3572:November 1384 – December 1388 2955:, Edinburgh University Press, 2740:, Cambridge University Press, 2736:Barrell, Andrew D. M. (2000), 2550:New Cambridge Medieval History 2352:Franchises North of the Border 2236:New Cambridge Medieval History 2223:Kings & Queens of Scotland 2142:History of Scottish Parliament 1702: 1689: 1676: 1663: 1650: 1637: 1624: 1611: 1598: 1587:Scottish monarchs' family tree 1562:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar 1457:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1185: 1155:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1135:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1106:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 874:Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney 117:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1: 4503:Pictish and Scottish monarchs 4147:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans 3881:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany 3849:Margaret, Countess of Douglas 3784:Isabella, Countess of Douglas 3456:19 April 1390 – 4 April 1406 3031:Dunbar, Archibald H. (1899), 2698:"A Folly of Princes synopsis" 2092:Grant in Tuck & Goodman, 1592: 455: 6007:Earls or mormaers of Carrick 5849:Mormaers or earls of Carrick 4178:Anne, Queen of Great Britain 3876:Margaret, Dauphine of France 3334:UK public library membership 3294:UK public library membership 3208:Rogers, Clifford J. (1999), 3138:, Edinburgh: Ballantyne Club 3073:UK public library membership 3017:, Scottish History Society, 3009:Burns, Charles, ed. (1976), 3002:UK public library membership 2885:UK public library membership 2845:UK public library membership 2812:Boardman, S. I. (May 2006). 2787:UK public library membership 2716:"The Captive Crown synopsis" 2433:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1869:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1814:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1788:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1671:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1446:Robert III, King of Scotland 955:Robert Stewart (died young); 584:"lieutenant for the marches" 468:to the throne, and his wife 416:where the Scots' commander, 105:Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife 54:19 April 1390 – 4 April 1406 7: 6012:14th-century Scottish earls 5714:British monarchs after the 4070:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia 3896:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay 3800:Marjorie, Countess of Moray 3795:Margaret, Lady of the Isles 3100:Independence and Nationhood 2680:"lords of Misrule synopsis" 2537:Independence and Nationhood 1580: 1359:Robert II, King of Scotland 1054:Independence and Nationhood 1045:Andrew Barrell in his book 987:Elizabeth Stewart, married 462:Robert, Steward of Scotland 10: 6053: 4163:Charles, Duke of Cambridge 3244:University of St Andrews, 3035:, Edinburgh: David Douglas 2794:Boardman, Stephen (2007), 2729: 1304:David II, King of Scotland 1218:Robert I, King of Scotland 1108:are prominently depicted. 1006:James Stewart of Kilbride. 965:Mary Stewart, married 1st 611:had become in the north. 5969: 5943: 5906: 5855: 5802: 5725: 5709: 5705: 5642: 5625: 5621: 5098: 5094: 5024: 4744: 4509: 4433: 4421: 4389: 4377: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4325: 4284: 4280: 4231: 4206: 4155: 4142:Henry, Duke of Gloucester 4103: 4057: 4041: 4017: 3986: 3960: 3937:Alexander, Duke of Albany 3919: 3868: 3828: 3805:David, Earl of Strathearn 3774:Alexander, Earl of Buchan 3751: 3740: 3731: 3713:Stewart of Castle Stewart 3697: 3623: 3574: 3565: 3560: 3544: 3536: 3531: 3521: 3512: 3507: 3492: 3483: 3475: 3468: 3458: 3449: 3441: 3436: 3409: 3363:, London: Vintage Books, 3098:Grant, Alexander (1984), 3040:Duncan, A. A. M. (2004). 1548:James I, King of Scotland 1531: 1529: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1333: 1331: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1141:are prominently featured; 864:The grave of Robert III, 826:Donald, Lord of the Isles 601:Alexander, Earl of Buchan 260: 250: 240: 228: 197: 169: 157: 140: 130: 126: 88: 78: 68: 58: 50: 43: 28: 23: 4188:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge 4173:James, Duke of Cambridge 3999:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay 3906:Mary, Countess of Buchan 3891:Joan, Countess of Morton 3857:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith 3631:High Steward of Scotland 3547:High Steward of Scotland 3212:, Boydell & Brewer, 3170:Nield, Jonathan (1968), 2852:Boardman, S. I. (2004). 2094:War and Border Societies 2063:Grant in Jones, et al., 931:King Robert III married 727: 561:Robert, Earl of Monteith 382:High Steward of Scotland 4183:Charles, Duke of Kendal 4025:James, Duke of Rothesay 4009:Alexander, Duke of Ross 3994:James, Duke of Rothesay 3927:Mary, Countess of Arran 3853:Mary, Countess of Angus 3836:David, Duke of Rothesay 3411:Robert III of Scotland 3301:Webster, Bruce (2004). 3261:Webster, Bruce (2004). 2951:Brown, Michael (2004), 2911:Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham 2286:Grant in Jones et al., 2234:Grant in Jones et al., 2140:in Brown & Tanner, 2031:Scotland: A New History 1990:Grant in Jones et al., 1917:Grant in Jones et al., 1736:Scotland: A new History 1069:The Early Stewart Kings 1023:in his general history 847:bishopric of St Andrews 659:Chamberlain of Scotland 4511:Monarchs of the Picts 4029:Robert, Duke of Albany 3810:Walter, Earl of Atholl 3779:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll 3769:Robert, Duke of Albany 3759:Robert III of Scotland 3718:Stewart of Balquhidder 3058:10.1093/ref:odnb/19590 2987:10.1093/ref:odnb/14587 2870:10.1093/ref:odnb/23714 2830:10.1093/ref:odnb/23713 2720:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2702:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2684:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2446:Britain's Royal Family 1775:Britain's Royal Family 1762:Britain's Royal Family 1749:Britain's Royal Family 1093:The Fair Maid of Perth 1084: 1067:In Stephen Boardman's 928: 868: 813: 775:Rothesay's lieutenancy 743: 687: 620: 515: 476:and her half-brother, 446:James, Earl of Carrick 418:James, Earl of Douglas 220:James I, King of Scots 4746:Monarchs of the Scots 3932:James III of Scotland 3744:Robert II of Scotland 3359:Weir, Alison (2008), 3319:10.1093/ref:odnb/1206 3279:10.1093/ref:odnb/3726 3226:Sadler, John (2006), 3134:Innes, Cosmo (1837), 2969:Brown, M. H. (2004). 2772:10.1093/ref:odnb/8063 2660:Brewer (2004), p. 301 2314:http://www.rps.ac.uk/ 2065:New Cambridge History 1992:New Cambridge History 1130:Robert II of Scotland 1082: 1001:Shaw-Stewart baronets 926: 863: 811: 732: 706:Sir Archibald Douglas 683: 625:http://www.rps.ac.uk/ 614: 513: 504:earldom of Strathearn 245:Robert II of Scotland 5871:Donnchadh of Carrick 5684:William III & II 5249:Henry the Young King 5199:Edward the Confessor 5167:Æthelred the Unready 4827:Constantine III (IV) 4792:Constantine II (III) 4219:Henry, Cardinal York 4198:Louisa Maria Theresa 4080:Charles I of England 4033:Mary, Queen of Scots 3968:James IV of Scotland 3942:David, Earl of Moray 3901:James II of Scotland 3820:Egidia, Lady Douglas 3764:Walter, Earl of Fife 3709:Stewart of Ballechin 3568:Guardian of Scotland 3519:1368 – 5 March 1390 2168:Registum Moravienses 1122:The Lords of Misrule 1075:Fictional portrayals 856:Albany's lieutenancy 677:north of the Forth. 643:Guardian of Scotland 5887:Adam of Kilconquhar 5881:Marjorie of Carrick 5632:Union of the Crowns 4857:Malcolm III Canmore 4424:Seated in Avignon 4004:James V of Scotland 3973:James, Duke of Ross 3841:James I of Scotland 3470:Peerage of Scotland 3176:, Ayer Publishing, 2669:Nield (1968), p. 48 2628:Early Stewart Kings 2615:Early Stewart Kings 2602:Early Stewart Kings 2589:Early Stewart Kings 2420:Early Stewart Kings 2394:Early Stewart Kings 2381:Early Stewart Kings 2368:Early Stewart Kings 2339:Early Stewart Kings 2326:Early Stewart Kings 2249:Early Stewart Kings 2210:Early Stewart Kings 2197:Early Stewart Kings 2125:Early Stewart Kings 2078:Early Stewart Kings 2047:Early Stewart Kings 2018:Early Stewart Kings 1961:Early Stewart Kings 1948:Early Stewart Kings 1856:Early Stewart Kings 1843:Early Stewart Kings 1801:Early Stewart Kings 1723:Early Stewart Kings 1710:Early Stewart Kings 1697:Early Stewart Kings 1684:Early Stewart Kings 1645:Early Stewart Kings 1606:Early Stewart Kings 1175:James I of Scotland 1052:Alexander Grant in 979:Edmonstone baronets 704:, took the side of 702:Robert Earl of Fife 693:Battle of Otterburn 685:Battle of Otterburn 450:Henry IV of England 414:Battle of Otterburn 5716:Acts of Union 1707 5679:James II & VII 5372:Kenneth I MacAlpin 5157:Edgar the Peaceful 4930:Second Interregnum 4897:William I the Lion 4766:Constantine I (II) 4756:Kenneth I MacAlpin 3723:Stewart of Darnley 3555:Reverted to crown 3497:Title next held by 2005:Kings & Queens 1147:A Folly of Princes 1110:Archibald the Grim 1085: 929: 869: 814: 688: 563:could receive the 528:Earldom of Carrick 524:Annabella Drummond 516: 472:. Robert's mother 5979: 5978: 5974: 5935:Alexander de Brus 5899: 5895:Lord of Annandale 5891:Robert VI de Brus 5815: 5814: 5798: 5797: 5701: 5700: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5162:Edward the Martyr 5045: 5044: 4918:First Interregnum 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4454: 4444: 4427: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4400: 4383: 4365: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4242: 4241: 4227: 4226: 3978:John, Earl of Mar 3947:John, Earl of Mar 3584: 3583: 3575:Succeeded by 3522:Succeeded by 3459:Succeeded by 3332:(Subscription or 3292:(Subscription or 3183:978-0-8337-2509-7 3163:978-1-84383-374-1 3145:The Scots Peerage 3071:(Subscription or 3024:978-0-9500260-8-4 3000:(Subscription or 2944:978-0-7486-1485-1 2926:978-1-4102-1335-8 2883:(Subscription or 2843:(Subscription or 2805:978-1-904607-68-7 2785:(Subscription or 2738:Medieval Scotland 2576:Medieval Scotland 2563:Medieval Scotland 2524:Medieval Scotland 2511:Medieval Scotland 2498:Medieval Scotland 2301:Medieval Scotland 2181:Medieval Scotland 1932:Medieval Scotland 1906:Medieval Scotland 1577: 1576: 1171:The Captive Crown 1047:Medieval Scotland 933:Anabella Drummond 878:Alexander Stewart 754:for the year 1398 520:earldom of Atholl 500:Margaret Drummond 409:Anabella Drummond 367: 366: 176:Anabella Drummond 6044: 5992:Scottish princes 5972: 5883: 5876:Niall of Carrick 5842: 5835: 5828: 5819: 5818: 5707: 5706: 5667:Richard Cromwell 5657:The Protectorate 5647:James I & VI 5623: 5622: 5204:Harold Godwinson 5124:Edward the Elder 5117:Alfred the Great 5101: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5049: 5048: 5038: 5029:also monarch of 4496: 4489: 4482: 4473: 4472: 4450: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4406: 4396: 4381: 4380:Seated in Rome 4375: 4374: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4335: 4314: 4304: 4294: 4282: 4281: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4246: 4245: 3788:Jean, Lady Keith 3738: 3737: 3705:Stewart of Appin 3689:Earl of Galloway 3679:Marquess of Bute 3646:Duke of Richmond 3617:House of Stewart 3610: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3586: 3537:Preceded by 3476:Preceded by 3442:Preceded by 3432: 3425: 3416:House of Stewart 3407: 3406: 3403: 3388:British monarchy 3373: 3355: 3337: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3306: 3297: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3266: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3240: 3222: 3204: 3186: 3166: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3112: 3094: 3076: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3016: 3005: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2974: 2965: 2947: 2929: 2906: 2888: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2857: 2848: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2817: 2808: 2790: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2759: 2750: 2724: 2723: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2649: 2648: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2592: 2585: 2579: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2546: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2468: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2436: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2397: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2348: 2342: 2335: 2329: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2245: 2239: 2232: 2226: 2219: 2213: 2206: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2134: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2103: 2097: 2090: 2081: 2074: 2068: 2061: 2050: 2043: 2034: 2027: 2021: 2014: 2008: 2001: 1995: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1970: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1915: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1889: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1826: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1758: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1693: 1687: 1680: 1674: 1667: 1661: 1654: 1648: 1641: 1635: 1628: 1622: 1615: 1609: 1602: 1194: 1193: 1179:Battle of Harlaw 1021:Gordon Donaldson 919:Family and issue 909:Flamborough Head 755: 718:Dundonald Castle 627: 605:Lord of Badenoch 580:Duke of Rothesay 569:earldom of Moray 466:heir presumptive 438:Duke of Rothesay 388:(1367–1390) and 208: 191: 189: 99: 33: 21: 20: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6002:Earls of Atholl 5997:House of Stuart 5982: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5965: 5939: 5902: 5851: 5846: 5816: 5811: 5794: 5721: 5697: 5662:Oliver Cromwell 5638: 5613: 5608: 5455:Constantine III 5364: 5189:Harold Harefoot 5179:Edmund Ironside 5090: 5085: and 5076: 5046: 5041: 5028: 5020: 4747: 4740: 4696:Constantine (I) 4576:Galam Cennalath 4512: 4505: 4500: 4470: 4457: 4442:1378–1394 4429: 4413: 4408:1404–1406 4398:1389–1404 4385: 4366: 4363:1378–1429 4342: 4337:1380–1422 4321: 4276: 4273: 4243: 4238: 4223: 4207:12th generation 4202: 4156:11th generation 4151: 4104:10th generation 4099: 4053: 4037: 4013: 3982: 3956: 3915: 3864: 3824: 3791:Katherine Logan 3747: 3733: 3727: 3693: 3669:Duke of Aubigny 3661:King of Ireland 3656:King of England 3619: 3614: 3580: 3571: 3550: 3542: 3527: 3518: 3515:Earl of Carrick 3498: 3489: 3481: 3464: 3455: 3447: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3412: 3380: 3371: 3353: 3331: 3323: 3321: 3291: 3283: 3281: 3252: 3250: 3238: 3220: 3202: 3184: 3164: 3128: 3110: 3092: 3070: 3062: 3060: 3025: 2999: 2991: 2989: 2963: 2945: 2927: 2882: 2874: 2872: 2842: 2834: 2832: 2806: 2784: 2776: 2774: 2748: 2732: 2727: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2625: 2621: 2612: 2608: 2599: 2595: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2547: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2508: 2504: 2495: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2465: 2456: 2452: 2443: 2439: 2430: 2426: 2417: 2413: 2404: 2400: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2374: 2365: 2361: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2332: 2323: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2246: 2242: 2233: 2229: 2220: 2216: 2207: 2203: 2194: 2187: 2178: 2174: 2165: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2135: 2131: 2122: 2118: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2091: 2084: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2044: 2037: 2028: 2024: 2015: 2011: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1985: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1958: 1954: 1945: 1938: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1912: 1903: 1899: 1890: 1875: 1866: 1862: 1853: 1849: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1768: 1759: 1755: 1746: 1742: 1733: 1729: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1690: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1664: 1655: 1651: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1625: 1616: 1612: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1583: 1578: 1555:Murdoch Stewart 1188: 1114:Earl of Douglas 1077: 1013: 950:James I Stewart 921: 858: 830:Falkland Castle 777: 769:Bishop of Moray 765:Elgin Cathedral 757: 752:Elgin Cathedral 745: 739: 738: 730: 714:Murdoch Stewart 686: 629: 622: 596: 565:Earldom of Fife 490:Pope Clement VI 458: 390:Earl of Carrick 363: 356: 348: 340: 332: 324: 316: 305: 297: 289: 281: 273: 266: 265: 224: 202: 201: 193: 185: 181: 178: 165: 147:Rothesay Castle 145: 135: 122: 101: 100: 95: 39: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6050: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5977: 5976: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5924:Robert de Brus 5921: 5919:Edward de Brus 5916: 5914:Robert de Brus 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5558:Edward Balliol 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5418:Constantine II 5415: 5410: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5346: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5210:Edgar Ætheling 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5099: 5092: 5091: 5075: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4752: 4750: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4507: 4506: 4499: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4401: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4358:Western Schism 4348: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4299: 4288: 4286: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4061: 4059: 4058:9th generation 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4042:8th generation 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4019: 4018:7th generation 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3987:6th generation 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3961:5th generation 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3920:4th generation 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3869:3rd generation 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3829:2nd generation 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3752:1st generation 3749: 3748: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3665:Lord of Sticks 3663: 3658: 3653: 3651:Duke of Albany 3648: 3643: 3641:Duke of Lennox 3638: 3636:Earl of Lennox 3633: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3582: 3581: 3578:Robert Stewart 3576: 3573: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3543: 3540:Robert Stewart 3538: 3534: 3533: 3532:Court offices 3529: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3496: 3491: 3486:Earl of Atholl 3482: 3479:Robert Stewart 3477: 3473: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3437:Regnal titles 3434: 3433: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3390: 3379: 3378:External links 3376: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3356: 3351: 3338: 3298: 3258: 3241: 3236: 3223: 3218: 3205: 3200: 3187: 3182: 3167: 3162: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3126: 3113: 3108: 3095: 3090: 3077: 3037: 3028: 3023: 3006: 2966: 2961: 2948: 2943: 2930: 2925: 2907: 2889: 2849: 2809: 2804: 2791: 2751: 2746: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2707: 2689: 2671: 2662: 2650: 2632: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2580: 2567: 2554: 2541: 2528: 2526:, pp. 150–151. 2515: 2502: 2489: 2476: 2472:Scottish Kings 2463: 2459:Scottish Kings 2450: 2437: 2424: 2411: 2398: 2385: 2372: 2359: 2343: 2330: 2317: 2305: 2292: 2279: 2266: 2253: 2240: 2227: 2214: 2201: 2185: 2172: 2159: 2146: 2144:, pp. 112–116. 2129: 2116: 2098: 2082: 2080:, pp. 139, 142 2069: 2051: 2035: 2022: 2009: 2003:Oram, et al., 1996: 1983: 1965: 1952: 1936: 1923: 1910: 1897: 1873: 1860: 1847: 1834: 1818: 1805: 1792: 1779: 1766: 1753: 1740: 1727: 1714: 1701: 1688: 1675: 1662: 1649: 1636: 1623: 1610: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1297:Marjorie Bruce 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1167: 1166: 1153:, and brother 1143: 1142: 1118: 1117: 1076: 1073: 1025:Scottish Kings 1012: 1011:Historiography 1009: 1008: 1007: 1004: 993: 992: 985: 982: 963: 956: 953: 947: 920: 917: 897:Firth of Forth 857: 854: 776: 773: 731: 729: 726: 697:Northumberland 684: 667:Jean de Vienne 639:Holyrood Abbey 613: 595: 592: 548:Firth of Clyde 470:Elizabeth Mure 457: 454: 442:Duke of Albany 398:Elizabeth Mure 394:King Robert II 386:Earl of Atholl 365: 364: 362: 361: 352: 350: 344: 342: 336: 334: 328: 326: 320: 318: 312: 310: 301: 299: 293: 291: 285: 283: 277: 275: 269: 263: 262: 261: 258: 257: 255:Elizabeth Mure 252: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 226: 225: 223: 222: 217: 211: 209: 195: 194: 183: 179: 174: 173: 171: 167: 166: 161: 159: 155: 154: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 124: 123: 121: 120: 114: 108: 94: 93: 92: 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 64:14 August 1390 62: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 41: 40: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6049: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5968: 5962: 5961:James Stewart 5959: 5957: 5956:David Stewart 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944:Stewart earls 5942: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5930:David de Brus 5928: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5530:Alexander III 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5386:Constantine I 5383: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4907:Alexander III 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4748:(traditional) 4743: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4541:Galan Erilich 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4513:(traditional) 4508: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4453: 4449: 4448:Benedict XIII 4446: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4353: 4349: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4237: 4236: 4230: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3684:Earl of March 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3674:Earl of Moray 3672: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3551:c. 1371–1390 3549: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3525:David Stewart 3517: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3501:David Stewart 3495: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3452:King of Scots 3446: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3372: 3370:9780099539735 3366: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3352:0-7486-1110-X 3348: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3295: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3249: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3237:1-4058-4022-6 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3219:0-85115-646-0 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3201:0-7524-1991-9 3197: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3127:0-521-36290-3 3123: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3109:0-7131-6309-7 3105: 3101: 3096: 3093: 3091:0-415-08021-5 3087: 3084:, Routledge, 3083: 3078: 3074: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3003: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2962:0-7486-1238-6 2958: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2936: 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2457:Donaldson, 2262:Border Fury 1858:, pp. 23–24 1803:, pp. 16–18 1656:Nicholson, 1630:Nicholson, 1617:Nicholson, 1608:, pp. 17–19 1186:Family tree 872:councilors 790:Red Douglas 750:written at 637:meeting at 557:John Dunbar 544:Scone Abbey 69:Predecessor 5986:Categories 5907:Bruce line 5765:Edward VII 5755:William IV 5745:George III 5674:Charles II 5569:Robert III 5515:Malcolm IV 5490:Donald III 5465:Malcolm II 5450:Kenneth II 5332:Henry VIII 5292:Richard II 5287:Edward III 5221:William II 5194:Harthacnut 5011:William II 4996:Charles II 4951:Robert III 4892:Malcolm IV 4872:Donald III 4862:Donald III 4837:Malcolm II 4822:Kenneth II 4731:Bridei VII 4686:Drest VIII 4631:Bridei III 4616:Talorgan I 4611:Talorc III 4591:Nechtan II 4556:Gartnait I 4333:Charles VI 4292:Richard II 4114:Charles II 3490:1367–1390 3384:Robert III 3336:required.) 3324:22 October 3296:required.) 3284:22 October 3264:"David II" 3075:required.) 3063:23 October 3004:required.) 2887:required.) 2847:required.) 2835:19 October 2789:required.) 2645:npg.org.uk 2626:Boardman, 2613:Boardman, 2600:Boardman, 2587:Boardman, 2418:Boardman, 2392:Boardman, 2379:Boardman, 2337:Boardman, 2324:Boardman, 2273:Boardman, 2247:Boardman, 2208:Boardman, 2195:Boardman, 2166:Innes, C. 2123:Boardman, 2076:Boardman, 2045:Boardman, 2016:Boardman, 1946:Boardman, 1893:Robert III 1891:Boardman, 1854:Boardman, 1841:Boardman, 1828:Boardman, 1799:Boardman, 1721:Boardman, 1708:Boardman, 1695:Boardman, 1682:Boardman, 1643:Boardman, 1604:Boardman, 1593:References 1159:Richard II 1124:(1976) by 1096:(1828) by 975:Kincardine 838:Richard II 671:Richard II 456:Early life 370:Robert III 153:, Scotland 60:Coronation 24:Robert III 5885:(with 1. 5780:George VI 5750:George IV 5740:George II 5652:Charles I 5634:from 1603 5584:James III 5564:Robert II 5520:William I 5495:Duncan II 5423:Malcolm I 5413:Donald II 5337:Edward VI 5327:Henry VII 5312:Edward IV 5282:Edward II 5272:Henry III 5255:Richard I 5216:William I 5137:Æthelstan 5001:James VII 4991:Charles I 4966:James III 4946:Robert II 4867:Duncan II 4797:Malcolm I 4787:Donald II 4726:Ciniod II 4721:Bridei VI 4701:Óengus II 4651:Drest VII 4641:Bridei IV 4606:Bridei II 4566:Talorc II 4546:Drest III 4531:Nechtan I 4138:Katherine 4129:Elizabeth 3562:New title 3509:New title 3445:Robert II 2972:"James I" 2904:540108870 2875:9 January 2578:, p. 142. 2552:, p. 367. 2539:, p. 184. 2522:Barrell, 2509:Barrell, 2496:Barrell, 2366:Boardman, 2299:Barrell, 2179:Barrell, 1930:Barrell, 1904:Barrell, 1830:Annabella 675:Justiciar 655:Edinburgh 495:Annandale 79:Successor 73:Robert II 5770:George V 5760:Victoria 5735:George I 5604:James VI 5589:James IV 5579:James II 5552:David II 5547:Robert I 5536:Margaret 5470:Duncan I 5379:Donald I 5317:Edward V 5307:Henry VI 5297:Henry IV 5277:Edward I 5243:Henry II 5142:Edmund I 5131:Ælfweard 5089:monarchs 5083:Scottish 4986:James VI 4971:James IV 4961:James II 4941:David II 4936:Robert I 4912:Margaret 4842:Duncan I 4761:Donald I 4706:Drest IX 4676:Alpín II 4671:Ciniod I 4666:Bridei V 4661:Óengus I 4626:Drest VI 4581:Bridei I 4561:Cailtram 4551:Drest IV 4536:Drest II 4526:Talorc I 4302:Henry IV 4235:Category 4124:James II 4075:Margaret 3952:Margaret 3734:Stewarts 3698:Branches 2913:(1892), 2630:, p. 308 2617:, p. 305 2604:, p. 304 2565:, p. 140 2513:, p. 147 2500:, p. 137 2487:, p. 199 2435:, p. 134 2431:Penman, 2422:, p. 293 2383:, p. 291 2341:, p. 281 2328:, p. 255 2303:, p. 149 2290:, p. 362 2264:, p. 296 2260:Sadler, 2251:, p. 226 2238:, p. 361 2225:, p. 131 2221:Penman, 2183:, p. 146 2170:, p. 382 2157:, p. 174 2153:Dunbar, 2127:, p. 171 2049:, p. 135 2033:, p. 139 2007:, p. 126 1921:, p. 360 1871:, p. 130 1867:Penman, 1816:, p. 120 1812:Penman, 1790:, p. 128 1786:Penman, 1751:, p. 228 1738:, p. 141 1712:, p. 244 1673:, p. 131 1669:Penman, 1634:, p. 189 1621:, p. 185 1581:See also 1163:Henry IV 901:Balvenie 889:Ayrshire 842:Henry IV 722:Ayrshire 552:entailed 482:Robert I 478:David II 474:Marjorie 405:David II 97:See 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Robert III of Scotland

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