1058:
is spent in debating what the rules are or should be, the chair unilaterally imposes a result, or the majority imposes a result that frequently disregards the rights of the minority. When virtually everyone agrees, an assembly may be able to get by without resort to elaborate rules. When there is serious division, however, it is in human nature that each side will attempt to construe any ambiguity in the rules in such a way as to foster its substantive objectives. The ideal is that the rules applicable to a contentious subject are so clear that the contending sides cannot plausibly differently interpret them to their own advantage. Only then does parliamentary law fully play its role as the neutral arbiter that channels disputes into productive debate over substance, instead of time-wasting and manipulative maneuvering over procedure.
807:
4453:
709:
911:
3897:
974:
878:
33:
939:
98:
1057:
In an effort to make parliamentary procedure more widely accessible, known, and employed, the approach of "simplification" unfortunately resurrects the very problem that Robert's Rules first emerged to solve. When there are large gaps in the rules, one or more of three major problems occur: much time
1049:
that may arise. The
Twelfth Edition contains 633 pages of text, and all of its original content was included because it "has at some time come up as a question of procedure somewhere". The completeness of the book was made so that organizations would not have to write extensive rules for themselves.
164:
In those cases in which the bylaws or other governing documents of an organization refer to "Robert's Rules of Order", certain rules in the book may be subordinate to other specified rules, including any conflicting provisions in applicable law, the corporate charter, the constitution or bylaws, and
78:
is the most widely used manual of parliamentary procedure in the United States. It governs the meetings of a diverse range of organizations—including church groups, county commissions, homeowners' associations, nonprofit associations, professional societies, school boards, and trade unions—that have
1890:
Generally, a fuller list and more details of the changes are found in the preface of each edition. A detailed list of changes for the current (12th) edition is provided on the website maintained by the Robert's Rules
Association. All the changes were a result of questions and comments received from
1037:
The book states that it is "a codification of the present-day general parliamentary law". "General parliamentary law" refers to the common rules and customs for conducting business in organizations and assemblies. It does not refer to statutory legal requirements nor to common-law precedent derived
1497:
The tinted pages (pages marked by a gray band along the outer edge) in the rear of the book contain the following charts, tables, and lists: (1) "Chart for
Determining When Each Subsidiary or Privileged Motion Is In Order", (2) "Table of Rules Relating to Motions", (3) "Sample Forms Used in Making
133:
In his later work as an active member of several organizations, Robert discovered that members from different areas of the country had very different views regarding what the proper parliamentary rules were, and these conflicting views hampered the organizations in their work. He eventually became
125:
The procedures prescribed by the book were loosely modeled after those used in the United States House of
Representatives, with such adaptations as Robert saw fit for use in ordinary societies. Although he was in the military, the rules in his book were not based on military rules. The author's
271:
1899:
Starting in the period between the Tenth
Edition and the Eleventh Edition, the authors released official interpretations of rules in the book onto the website maintained by the Robert's Rules Association. The interpretations from that period were later incorporated into the Eleventh Edition.
472:
3900:
2197:
In modern parliamentary procedure, the usual practice is having a proposal first, then discussion on this proposal with any modifications to it, and finally a vote on it, with majority vote deciding the issue if there are any disagreements. An alternative to this process is
1552:
Translations of any edition of Robert's Rules of Order into other languages have not been published by the Robert's Rules
Association. Any translated copy of Robert's Rules of Order done by a third party may not accurately reflect the correct meaning in the target language.
1083:
and includes the background and history of Robert's Rules of Order. Rules in the book are based on the rights of the majority, of the minority (especially a strong minority that is greater than one third), of individual members, of absentees, and of all these together. Some
3796:, p. xlviii: "Robert saw, on the other hand, that the evolution of majority vote in tandem with lucid and clarifying debate—resulting in a decision representing the view of the deliberate majority—far more clearly ferrets out and demonstrates the will of an assembly."
172:, it can still adopt its own rules which supersede any rules in this book. The only limitations might come from the rules in a parent organization or from national, state, or local law. An example of a rule that organizations sometimes adopt is one that allows the use of
1364:
Details for each motion include its purpose, when it could be made, if it is debatable, if it is amendable, the vote required for adoption, and if it could be reconsidered. The "order of precedence", or rank, of the motions is also described in detail.
143:
in May 1915. By this time Robert had long been retired from the Army with the rank of brigadier general. The revisions were based on the feedback from hundreds of letters that Robert had received through the years. In addition, to explain the rules in
188:
for several of the original editions (1915 or earlier) have expired, numerous other books and manuals have been published incorporating "Robert's Rules of Order" as part of their titles, with some of them based on those earlier editions (see
109:. He found San Francisco in the mid-to-late 19th century to be a chaotic place where meetings of any kind tended to be tumultuous, with little consistency of procedure and with people of many nationalities and traditions thrown together.
644:
in organizations whose bylaws prescribe "Robert's Rules of Order", "Robert's Rules of Order
Revised", "Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised", or "the current edition of" any of these titles, or the like, without specifying a particular
446:. The authors say, "In only thirty minutes, the average reader can learn the bare essentials, and with about ninety minutes' reading can cover all the basics." It is meant to be an introductory supplement to the current edition of
1034:, and it is the most commonly adopted parliamentary authority among societies in the United States. It is also recognized as "the most widely used reference for meeting procedure and business rules in the English-speaking world".
1561:
The following table lists some of the changes that were made between the editions of Robert's Rules of Order. The numbered pages may not correspond to the total number of pages in the edition due to additional material in the
1498:
Motions", (4) and (5) "Motions and
Parliamentary Steps", (6) "Motions Which Require a Two-Thirds Vote", (7) "Motions Whose Reconsideration Is Prohibited Or Limited", and (8) "Table of Rules for Counting Election Ballots".
649:
The authorship team of the current
Twelfth Edition consists of a grandson of General Robert, an attorney, a lobbyist and legislative analyst, a mathematics professor, and a copy editor, all of them being experienced
2202:. In this alternative, discussion of potential proposals is held first, followed by the framing of a proposal, and then modifying it until the group reaches a consensus, when there is no longer any disagreement.
1521:
The Robert's Rules
Association has also made the Eleventh Edition available in CD-ROM format (designed for installation on Windows PCs) through American Legal Publishing. The CD contains the current editions of
1410:. Debate may be limited in the number of speeches and time and should be respectful to others at all times. Voting takes place to decide the course of action and it could be done in a multitude of ways, such as
1518:, and the following tables: (A) "Handling Motions as chair", (B) "When Chair Stands and Sits", (C) "Conducting a Meeting as chair", (D) "Table of Rules Relating to Motions", and (E) "Words to Use as a Member".
616:
have been published, including another major revision of the work. The Seventh Edition, published in February 1970 on the 94th anniversary of the publication of the First Edition, was the first under the title
3148:
Since approximately 95% of the organizations in the U.S. prescribe Robert's as their parliamentary authority, the 11th edition is most likely the parliamentary authority for all organizations you are involved
2126:
conferences. While the chair of each committee in an MUN conference may sometimes deviate from the written rules for educational purposes, the format of the rules in the specific committees is mostly based on
1926:
The official interpretations and addressed common misunderstandings were a result of questions posted in the Question & Answer Forum at The Robert's Rules Association website. This forum is actively
1795:
Re-formatted book, added line numbers, and moved tinted pages from middle of book to end of book (and changed the tint from the color of the entire page to a gray band along the outer edge of the page)
1023:
on the maximum number of questions of varying complexity in a minimum amount of time and under all kinds of internal climate ranging from total harmony to hardened or impassioned division of opinion".
412:
Henry M. Robert III, grandson of the original author and Trustee for the Robert's Rules Association, had acknowledged that "there has been controversy among parliamentarians concerning the length of
1467:. The bylaws could describe the name of the organization and its purpose, the requirements to be a member or an officer, how meetings are scheduled, if there are boards or committees (or both), its
621:(RONR). The subsequent editions were based on additional feedback from users, including feedback received by electronic means in recent years. These later editions included material from Robert's
63:
is also used more generically to refer to any of the more recent editions, by various editors and authors, based on any of Robert's original editions, and the term is used more generically in the
1449:
to handle business on behalf of the organization. Officers and boards only have such authority and powers that are given to them in the governing documents of the organization. There may also be
1019:
is a guide for conducting meetings and making decisions as a group. The purpose of the book is "to enable assemblies of any size, with due regard for every member's opinion, to arrive at the
2039:
is the most frequently used parliamentary authority". The website also states that it "is the premier manual on parliamentary authority" and "a 'must-have' text for every parliamentarian".
1903:
In addition, the authors addressed common misunderstandings of the rules coming from frequently asked questions. Some of the misunderstandings involve: when the president can vote, whether
3330:
1478:
to conduct business on behalf of the organization. Conventions may consist of several meetings and may last for several days or more on an annual basis or other such infrequent interval.
4186:
139:
1071:(RONR), published in 2020, include details on the types of groups that use the book, the ways that decisions could be made, and the various situations in which decisions are made.
1919:", "calling the question", "tabling" a motion, getting items on the agenda, and the contents of minutes. While these misunderstandings are of the rules in the current edition of
59:. "The object of Rules of Order is to assist an assembly to accomplish the work for which it was designed Where there is no law there is the least of real liberty." The term
1391:, or minimum number of members, is required to be present at a meeting in order to validly conduct business. The business that is to come up in a meeting could be listed in an
130:
began in 1863 when he was chosen to preside over a church meeting and, although he accepted the task, he felt that he did not have the necessary knowledge of proper procedure.
2146:
114:
4237:
427:(RONR) and was made to be in accord with that edition of RONR. A third edition of this shorter guide was published in 2020 to conform with the current Twelfth Edition of
1441:, or the official records of the proceedings, for each meeting. As part of their duties, the officers may have reports to give, such as a financial report given by the
137:
Henry M. Robert himself published four editions of the manual before his death in 1923, the last being the thoroughly revised and expanded Fourth Edition published as
1989:
meetings and in board of director meetings. However, the rules have to be modified to account for when some individuals within the group have more power than others.
1514:(RONRIB): an example of an agenda, additional sample dialogues, frequently asked questions, an example of a call of a meeting, an example of a memorandum listing the
1162:
A member of a deliberative assembly has the right to attend meetings, make motions, speak in debate, and vote. The process of making a decision is done through a
1342:
4363:
2175:
4080:
612:
Through a family trust, and later through the Robert's Rules Association (which is made up of descendants of Henry M. Robert), several subsequent editions of
1328:
2926:
1304:
200:(1989) by Darwin Patnode, PhD, past President of the American Institute of Parliamentarians. Simplified and updated based on the original 1876 edition,
83:. Robert published four editions of the manual before his death in 1923, the last being the thoroughly revised and expanded Fourth Edition published as
4218:
3934:
1425:. Each organization decides for itself which officers to have, but the minimum officers in a deliberative assembly are a presiding officer (usually "
1324:
1166:, which is a proposal to do something. The formal steps in handling a motion are the making of a motion, having a second, stating the motion, having
190:
2052:
3334:
1985:
is based on each member of a group having equal weight as expressed by vote. This book has found application in the corporate world, such as in
3009:
1977:
3727:
2494:"Excerpts from Speech by Henry M. Robert III (Presented September 21, 2004 to the convention of the National Association of Parliamentarians)"
4427:
1350:
4355:
4166:
2812:
1292:
215:
3635:
3585:
2016:(NAP) is the largest non-profit association of parliamentarians in the world. This organization bases its opinions and instruction upon
4377:
3685:
3482:
1960:
67:
to refer to parliamentary procedure. It was written primarily to help guide voluntary associations in their operations of governance.
4143:
4105:
4052:
4032:
3610:
1411:
2383:
3559:
2189:
share the general idea of rule of the majority with respect for the minority. A difference may be a "simplification" of the rules.
2084:
2013:
3461:
1460:
for a specific purpose or cause. One such purpose of the mass meetings could be for the intent of organizing a permanent society.
4201:
3873:
The following sites are not maintained by the Robert's Rules Association and have no relation to The Robert's Rules Association:
2139:, although the rules in these programs may more closely resemble those in the legislative assemblies that the programs simulate.
1541:
For the first time, an e-book version of the current Twelfth Edition was released by the Robert's Rules Association. Any copy of
1088:
upon which the book is based include: one question at a time; one person, one vote; and a vote being limited to members present.
134:
convinced of the need for a new manual on the subject, one which would enable many organizations to adopt the same set of rules.
2031:
is another non-profit association of parliamentarians. This organization stresses proficiency and familiarity with a variety of
1038:
from court judgments. In other words, the book is about procedures for meetings and not about what is "legal" (i.e. it is not a
4226:
4176:
4017:
2102:
2028:
1300:
3710:
4406:
3997:
3977:
3962:
3927:
3820:
3748:
3569:
3279:
3064:
3032:
2315:
1403:
1085:
579:
379:
2020:(12th ed.). Membership in this organization requires passing an exam which is based on the first half of the concise guide,
1951:) function similarly to boards of societies. The book has found application to such bodies. Such bodies are also subject to
105:
A U.S. Army officer, Henry Martyn Robert (1837–1923), saw a need for a standard of parliamentary procedure while living in
3660:
4384:
3161:
2005:. To be effective consultants for the organizations they work for, parliamentarians are expected to be knowledgeable on
4214:
3957:
1958:
On the other hand, legislative bodies at the state or national level have their own well-defined set of rules (such as
1080:
416:
in its various editions and the complexity of the rules it describes." As a result, a supplemental book was developed.
250:
233:
209:
4222:
1534:'s Report", "Sample Rules for Electronic Meetings", various forms, and resources for "Ballot Voting and Understanding
1174:, and announcing the results of the vote. Action could be taken informally without going through these steps by using
4413:
4210:
2985:
2622:
2497:
2282:
2257:
2169:. The remaining percentage of organizations use other books on meeting procedures. Notable examples of such books on
2048:
1807:
Expanded explanation of the point of order and its timeliness including when there is a breach of a continuing nature
1377:
1312:
1136:
4133:
1649:
Significant reorganization of the book (Part III combined into Part II and portions of Part II combined into Part I)
4495:
4490:
4328:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3920:
1407:
1271:
1238:
1167:
1163:
4113:
2948:
4500:
4370:
4247:
4095:
3531:
2181:
1346:
1336:
1308:
1246:
1214:
other motions and provides details (including explanations, forms, and examples) on these motions which include:
3880:
Full text of 1915 (4th) ed. (ROR) – This site is not related to the official site despite a similar domain name.
3770:
2900:
2209:
stated their belief in using debate and majority vote as part of the process in making decisions for the group.
668:
Editions of Robert's Rules of Order, Robert's Rules of Order Revised, and Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
4485:
2072:
1255:
1191:
442:
authorized by the Roberts Rules Association, and is intended as an introductory book for those unfamiliar with
4272:
3542:
Updated from and reprinted with permission from 'Better, More Legal Corporate Meetings' in the June/July 1998
3106:
4118:
1373:
The second half of the book covers various topics in detail. Brief summaries of these topics are as follows:
1259:
2828:
Announcement by Henry M. Robert, III, at the 2011 convention of the National Association of Parliamentarians
4420:
3356:
2851:
2787:
2762:
2736:
2710:
2685:
2462:
2436:
1998:
1381:
651:
588:
388:
32:
1955:(Sunshine laws) and other applicable laws, all of which supersede any conflicting provisions in the book.
842:
and Sarah Corbin Robert with the assistance of Henry M. Robert III, James W. Cleary, and William J. Evans
4262:
1489:
to the extreme of expulsion from the organization. Officers could be disciplined by removal from office.
1426:
1358:
2629:
This book has been described as 'Robert's rules of order without the deadwood.' It's an apt description.
1453:
that are formed to assist the organization. The boards and committees may have reports to give as well.
4191:
4123:
4075:
2149:
1234:
24:
2165:
Parliamentarians have estimated that about 85 to 95 percent of organizations in the United States use
423:(abbreviated RONRIB), was published by the same authorship team and publisher as the Tenth Edition of
4022:
2644:
2199:
2116:
2064:
1112:
958:, Daniel H. Honemann, and Thomas J. Balch with the assistance of Daniel E. Seabold and Shmuel Gerber
201:
1774:
Reinserted hints to inexperienced presiding officers (this section was removed from the 7th Edition)
4480:
4318:
4181:
2289:
The term 'Robert's Rules of Order' is commonly used today as a synonym for parliamentary procedure.
4338:
4305:
4161:
3943:
2310:(Fourth ed.). Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 160.
2218:
2170:
2032:
2002:
1535:
1482:
1468:
1288:
1140:
1128:
1046:
641:
451:
443:
331:
176:. Such a rule is not allowed unless the organization specifically provides for it in its bylaws.
127:
80:
52:
2816:
1545:
that is downloaded online is likely an older edition (1915 or earlier) that is available in the
4206:
4171:
1964:). However, a survey found that four state legislative chambers in the United States still use
1332:
1316:
1296:
1148:
1124:
71:
3639:
3589:
3107:"Parliamentary Procedure in the 21st Century (Updated from 'Parliamentary Procedure in 2005')"
2305:
1623:
1566:, introduction, and other miscellaneous pages that were not included in the numbering system.
70:
Robert's manual was first published in 1876 as an adaptation of the rules and practice of the
4390:
4060:
3967:
3380:
1944:
1354:
1320:
1222:
1183:
1092:
1027:
3689:
3493:
4295:
4257:
4128:
2123:
2094:
1698:
1475:
1100:
3614:
1928:
1182:. In situations when more than majority vote is required, the requirement could include a
8:
4439:
3992:
2060:
1923:, the organization may be governed by other rules which supersede these "default" rules.
1697:
Added suggested wording for bylaws with regard to the annual meeting, officer terms, and
1001:
962:
632:
The current edition of the series became effective on September 1, 2020, under the title
550:
495:
488:
287:
56:
2519:
4399:
4252:
3428:
3003:
2079:) as part of their programs for their student members. These competitions are based on
1916:
1531:
1506:
In addition to containing a summary of basic points from the current (12th) edition of
1446:
1108:
1050:
In addition, members of different organizations could refer to the same book of rules.
242:
1481:
If members do not act according to the organization's rules, they could be subject to
4475:
4452:
4290:
4280:
4085:
4070:
4042:
3826:
3816:
3565:
3404:
3275:
3070:
3060:
3038:
3028:
2991:
2981:
2618:
2536:
2311:
2278:
2253:
1952:
1948:
1904:
1515:
1392:
1276:
1251:
1242:
1218:
1175:
1156:
1152:
1144:
806:
574:
374:
246:
229:
205:
4323:
3027:. Robert, Sarah Corbin (11th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press.
2119:
2098:
1396:
1267:
657:
More than six million copies have been printed (which is a total of all editions).
599:
399:
3137:
1845:
Removed more references to being "legal" (parliamentary law is not a court of law)
1798:
Removed some references to being "legal" (parliamentary law is not a court of law)
1380:, or made again. On the other hand, members should not use legitimate motions for
865:
with the assistance of Henry M. Robert III, James W. Cleary, and William J. Evans
4456:
4156:
2112:
1284:
1263:
1230:
1211:
1187:
1179:
1045:
As a reference, it is designed to answer, as nearly as possible, any question of
926:, Henry M. Robert III, William J. Evans, Daniel H. Honemann, and Thomas J. Balch
118:, was published in February 1876 by the then-Major Robert, with the short title
4285:
4151:
4065:
3664:
2136:
1832:
More fully explained rules for counting ballots and resolving election disputes
1753:
Recognized that a board is a form of deliberative assembly (unlike a committee)
1280:
1226:
3074:
148:(abbreviated ROR), Robert published an introductory book for beginners titled
4469:
4196:
3830:
3165:
3042:
2384:"Historical Vignette 038 – An Army Engineer Brought Order to Church Meetings"
1947:. However, law-making bodies at the local level (such as a city council or a
1836:
1829:
Recognized that notice may be sent by electronic communication such as e-mail
1823:"Significantly re-edited with expanded and updated treatment of many topics"
1546:
1132:
1053:
Henry M. Robert III responded to the simplification by saying the following:
660:
The following table lists the official versions of the body of work known as
640:
supersedes all previous editions and is intended automatically to become the
349:
225:
106:
64:
3121:
RONR is used by approximately 85% of all organizations in the United States.
2995:
1717:"Enlarged more than twofold and totally recast to be made self-explanatory"
1670:
Incorporated only in-page changes planned by General Robert before his death
997:, Daniel H. Honemann, Thomas J. Balch, Daniel E. Seabold, and Shmuel Gerber
752:
S. C. Griggs & Company (Scott, Foresman and Company in later printings)
3877:
2152:
Hall Association meetings, regional conferences, and national conferences.
1457:
1207:
1116:
1099:, a local assembly of an organized society (local club or local branch), a
1096:
1020:
173:
3912:
2717:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. September 6, 1957. p. 4
2493:
1510:(RONR), the following contents are unique to the current (3rd) edition of
749:
Lieut. Colonel Henry M. Robert (Colonel, then General in later printings)
3987:
2552:
1986:
1602:
Added "Part III: Miscellaneous" (the 1st Edition only had Parts I and II)
1203:
1104:
1031:
3889:
2875:
2588:
2415:
1867:
Margins changed to section and paragraph numbers instead of line numbers
1780:
Recognized that copies of minutes and agenda may be submitted in advance
19:"In Brief" redirects here. For the online publication formerly known as
4433:
2952:
2223:
2147:
National Association of College and University Residence Halls (NACURH)
1912:
1418:
2813:"Convention Minutes (38th Biennial Convention Minutes September 2011)"
1605:
Revised Table of Rules and moved it from back of book to front of book
270:
97:
3972:
2904:
2334:
2076:
2068:
1810:
Recognized existence of the internet and possible electronic meetings
1801:
Recognized alternative forms of "chairman" ("chair" or "chairperson")
1777:
Added some principles of interpretation of bylaws and other documents
1450:
1442:
1434:
1143:. The types of meetings are a regular meeting, a special meeting, an
910:
185:
3333:. NYU Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia. Archived from
1501:
1417:
Officers in an organization could be elected through the process of
973:
877:
708:
471:
4037:
3906:
2056:
1908:
1474:
Representatives from constituent groups may gather as delegates in
1430:
1422:
1039:
3295:
2980:. Robert, Sarah Corbin (10th ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts.
4313:
4090:
4027:
2386:. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Office of History. November 2001
1646:"Completely reworked and 75 percent enlarged by original author"
1626:
was moved from "Miscellaneous motions" to under "Motion to Amend"
1563:
1486:
1438:
3871:
Sites providing full text of older editions (from public domain)
1726:
Presented natural order of motions (from lowest to highest rank)
1723:
Main divisions of the book changed from "Articles" to "Chapters"
1694:
Added that notice for a special meeting should state its purpose
1329:
request for permission (or leave) to withdraw or modify a motion
1000:
PublicAffairs, an imprint of Perseus Books LLC, a subsidiary of
893:
with the assistance of Henry M. Robert III and William J. Evans
3982:
3863:
1464:
1388:
1120:
938:
664:
developed by Henry M. Robert and maintained by his successors.
3331:"Oleg Kharkhordin speaks on rules of order in Russian society"
3883:
2075:(TSA), sponsor parliamentary procedure competitions (such as
2057:
Future Business Leaders of America-Phi Beta Lambda (FBLA-PBL)
1842:
A thorough revision of the chapter on disciplinary procedures
1729:
Significant expansion of explanation of motions with examples
1720:
Complete reworking of the book in order to maintain copyright
818:(Editors: Isabel H. Robert and Sarah Corbin Robert, Trustee)
789:(Editors: Isabel H. Robert and Sarah Corbin Robert, Trustee)
4253:
Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted
3838:
3730:. United Nations Association of the United States of America
3316:
2521:
Parliamentary Practice: An Introduction to Parliamentary Law
1620:
Motion to lie on the table was changed to "lay on the table"
1135:, and customs. To conduct business, groups have meetings or
150:
Parliamentary Practice: An Introduction to Parliamentary Law
1759:
Clarified motions of previous question and lay on the table
1178:. When making a choice, the basic principle of decision is
1171:
694:
Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies
140:
Robert's Rules of Order Revised for Deliberative Assemblies
115:
Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies
3688:. National Association of Parliamentarians. Archived from
3613:. National Association of Parliamentarians. Archived from
3588:. National Association of Parliamentarians. Archived from
3164:. National Association of Parliamentarians. Archived from
2815:. National Association of Parliamentarians. Archived from
2617:(Third ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. xx.
2277:(Third ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. xx.
733:
Major Henry M. Robert (Lieut. Colonel in later printings)
600:
400:
3663:. American Institute of Parliamentarians. Archived from
3638:. American Institute of Parliamentarians. Archived from
3381:"Newly Revised 12th Edition; 'View Key Section Changes'"
2964:
First Edition 1876 (Note the diamond shape on the cover)
2927:"The Online Books Page, Online Books by Henry M. Robert"
2304:
Slaughter, Jim; Ragsdale, Gaut; Ericson, Jon L. (2012).
2303:
2053:
Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA)
1732:
Added topics including "agenda" and "executive session"
1463:
Each organization has its basic rules contained in its
1111:. An organization may have rules which could include a
3274:(3rd ed.). New York: PublicAffairs. p. vii.
2443:. New London, Connecticut. August 22, 1917. p. 14
2155:
1343:
Motions that bring a question again before an assembly
16:
Book on parliamentary procedure by Henry Martyn Robert
4219:
Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion
3811:
Robert, Henry M. (2020). Robert, Sarah Corbin (ed.).
3751:. Arkansas Communication and Theatre Arts Association
3138:"The New Version of Robert's and Why You Should Care"
1062:
2299:
2297:
112:
The first edition of the book, whose full title was
4364:
Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure
4187:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
2668:
2666:
2664:
2541:. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company. p. v.
2524:. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company. p. x.
2176:
Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure
1873:
Clarification on procedures for approval of minutes
1305:
motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
2205:As a response to this alternative, the authors of
2160:
1879:Addition of "Sample Rules for Electronic Meetings"
1139:that may be separated by more than or be within a
3866:Site maintained by the Robert's Rules Association
3864:The Robert's Rules Association (robertsrules.com)
3059:(12th ed.). New York: Public Affairs. 2020.
2686:"The 75th Anniversary of Robert's Rules of Order"
2294:
2087:have partnered with some of these organizations.
1756:Clarified rule prohibiting interruption of voting
1502:Additional information related to current edition
685:Authors (posthumous authorial credit in italics)
4467:
3532:"Corporate Meetings and Parliamentary Procedure"
2661:
1402:Each member could get a chance to speak through
636:, Twelfth Edition. This edition states that it:
241:(2006), by Arthur T. Lewis and Henry M. Robert,
74:to suit the needs of non-legislative societies.
1688:Added "Principles Underlying Parliamentary Law"
222:Robert's Rules in Plain English, Second Edition
152:in 1921 and a full book of explanations titled
3892:Full text of 1876 (1st) ed. (original edition)
3815:(12th ed.). New York, NY: PublicAffairs.
3768:
3272:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief
2022:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief
1978:Parliamentary procedure in the corporate world
1876:New provisions regarding debate on nominations
1848:Re-formatted index (which became more compact)
1578:Partial list of changes from previous edition
1528:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief
1512:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief
1067:The contents of the current (12th) edition of
421:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief
191:List of books with Robert's Rules in the title
3928:
3329:Kostrioukova, Anastassia (October 22, 2014).
3319:, there is no mention of translated versions.
2692:. March 24, 1951. Afro Magazine section, p. 6
2103:National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA)
1882:Expanded appendix of charts, tables and lists
1376:Depending on the situation, motions could be
1095:. The types of deliberative assemblies are a
4356:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
4167:Objection to the consideration of a question
3328:
2615:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
2275:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
2192:
1492:
1293:objection to the consideration of a question
216:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
3942:
3728:"Rules of Procedure (Model UN Preparation)"
3464:. National Conference of State Legislatures
1556:
4428:Beauchesne's Parliamentary Rules and Forms
3935:
3921:
3769:Ramirez-Richer, Emma (December 22, 2015).
3270:Robert III, Henry M.; et al. (2020).
3269:
3008:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2035:, although it states on its website that "
1445:. In addition, an organization may have a
1412:voice vote, standing vote, and ballot vote
1351:rescind/amend something previously adopted
470:
4033:Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
3716:. National Speech and Debate Association.
457:
3557:
2085:National Association of Parliamentarians
2014:National Association of Parliamentarians
1079:The Introduction in the book provides a
96:
31:
4378:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure
3462:"Mason's Manual for Legislative Bodies"
3354:
2849:
2788:"New edition of 'Robert's rules' ready"
2475:– via Google News Archive Search.
2049:Business Professionals of America (BPA)
1961:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure
1826:A new subsection on electronic meetings
1735:Added tinted pages of charts and tables
1170:on the motion, putting the motion to a
1091:A group that uses the book is called a
4468:
4177:Consideration by paragraph or seriatim
3810:
3793:
3771:"CVU goes to Princeton Model Congress"
3749:"2015 Revised Student Congress Bylaws"
3517:
3448:
3423:
3421:
3399:
3397:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3131:
3129:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3022:
2975:
2929:. University of Pennsylvania Libraries
2924:
2837:
2760:
2734:
2672:
2575:
2534:
2517:
2365:
2354:
2247:
2042:
2029:American Institute of Parliamentarians
1301:consideration by paragraph or seriatim
450:and is not suitable for adoption as a
4348:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
3963:Principles of parliamentary procedure
3916:
3813:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
3529:
3135:
3104:
3057:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
3025:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
2978:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
2949:"Pictures of Robert's Rules of Order"
2894:
2892:
2639:
2637:
2612:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2460:
2272:
2081:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
2018:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
1921:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
1524:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
1508:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
1384:and improper purposes to waste time.
1069:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
827:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
634:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
619:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
448:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
440:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
429:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
425:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
2645:"Newly Revised 3rd In Brief Edition"
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2329:
2327:
2307:Notes and Comments on Robert's Rules
1934:
1894:
1655:Added many of the incidental motions
1530:as well as a "Timekeeper's Guide", "
419:In 2005, a shorter reference guide,
168:Even if an organization has adopted
4385:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice
3564:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 23.
3418:
3394:
3179:
3126:
3093:
2901:"Robert's Rules of Order Printings"
2545:
2156:Alternative rules for organizations
1992:
1931:by members of the authorship team.
1738:Omitted most references to Congress
438:book is the only concise guide for
179:
13:
4407:Odgers' Australian Senate Practice
3958:History of parliamentary procedure
3803:
3203:
3154:
2918:
2889:
2831:
2737:"Roberts' rules pass test of time"
2634:
2496:. The Robert's Rules Association.
2479:
2461:Kloss, Gerald (December 5, 1955).
1835:Added definition for a member "in
1081:history of parliamentary procedure
1063:Contents of current (12th) edition
14:
4512:
4414:House of Representatives Practice
4202:Request to be excused from a duty
3909:1876 (1st) ed. (original edition)
3886:Full text of 1915 (4th) ed. (ROR)
3857:
2946:
2898:
2735:Braude, Dick (January 11, 1981).
2463:"The Man Who Wrote the Rule Book"
2397:
2371:
2324:
1368:
1313:request to be excused from a duty
1192:majority of the entire membership
4451:
4134:Fix the time to which to adjourn
4081:Limit or extend limits of debate
3895:
3839:"The Robert's Rules Association"
3431:. The Robert's Rules Association
3407:. The Robert's Rules Association
3383:. The Robert's Rules Association
3355:Donadio, Rachel (May 20, 2007).
3298:. The Robert's Rules Association
2878:. The Robert's Rules Association
2850:Donadio, Rachel (May 20, 2007).
2801:– via Google News Archive.
2776:– via Google News Archive.
2750:– via Google News Archive.
2724:– via Google News Archive.
2699:– via Google News Archive.
2450:– via Google News Archive.
2418:. The Robert's Rules Association
2337:. The Robert's Rules Association
2061:HOSA-Future Health Professionals
1272:fix the time to which to adjourn
1239:limit or extend limits of debate
1202:The book provides details about
1026:The book is designed for use in
972:
937:
909:
876:
805:
707:
269:
159:
4227:Request for any other privilege
4192:Motions relating to nominations
3787:
3762:
3741:
3720:
3703:
3678:
3653:
3628:
3603:
3578:
3561:The Parliamentarian of Tomorrow
3551:
3523:
3511:
3475:
3454:
3442:
3373:
3348:
3322:
3309:
3288:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3191:
3081:
3049:
3016:
2969:
2940:
2868:
2843:
2805:
2780:
2754:
2743:. Associated Press. p. A14
2728:
2703:
2678:
2606:
2581:
2569:
2528:
2511:
2500:from the original on 2020-07-29
2454:
2161:Other parliamentary authorities
1971:
1485:. Such action could range from
1471:, and how to amend the bylaws.
1337:request for any other privilege
1309:motions relating to nominations
961:Da Capo Press, A Member of the
758:Robert's Rules of Order Revised
146:Robert's Rules of Order Revised
86:Robert's Rules of Order Revised
4114:Call for the orders of the day
2761:Dennis, Landt (July 5, 1970).
2711:"Madam, Are You Out of Order?"
2649:The Robert’s Rules Association
2557:The Robert’s Rules Association
2429:
2359:
2348:
2266:
2241:
2073:Technology Student Association
1256:call for the orders of the day
224:(2005) by Doris P. Zimmerman,
45:, often simply referred to as
1:
4238:Motions that bring a question
4119:Raise a question of privilege
2229:
2047:Youth organizations, such as
1260:raise a question of privilege
4371:Riddick's Rules of Procedure
2763:"Is 'Robert's Rules' Passe?"
2252:. Bantam Books. p. 16.
2234:
2182:Riddick's Rules of Procedure
1907:can vote, the definition of
896:Scott, Foresman and Company
868:Scott, Foresman and Company
845:Scott, Foresman and Company
821:Scott, Foresman and Company
792:Scott, Foresman and Company
773:Scott, Foresman and Company
476:Cover of 2020 (12th) edition
7:
3905:public domain audiobook at
2794:. July 14, 1970. p. 16
2212:
2131:. Another program in which
1691:Added "The Parliamentarian"
736:S. C. Griggs & Company
720:S. C. Griggs & Company
562:September 1, 2020
275:Cover of 2020 (3rd) edition
10:
4517:
4076:Postpone to a certain time
3636:"Become a Parliamentarian"
3405:"Official Interpretations"
2101:), an event put on by the
1975:
1437:. The secretary keeps the
1235:postpone to a certain time
1197:
1010:
92:
26:Virginia Law Review Online
18:
4449:
4421:Bourinot's Rules of Order
4339:Parliamentary authorities
4337:
4304:
4271:
4240:again before the assembly
4236:
4142:
4104:
4051:
3950:
3483:"Parliamentary Authority"
3023:Robert, Henry M. (2011).
2976:Robert, Henry M. (2003).
2741:Beaver County (Pa.) Times
2535:Robert, Henry M. (1923).
2518:Robert, Henry M. (1921).
2437:"One of the Best Sellers"
2200:consensus decision-making
2193:Consensus decision-making
2185:. These books along with
2117:American Legion Auxiliary
2065:National FFA Organization
2033:parliamentary authorities
1870:Clarifications on motions
1493:Charts, tables, and lists
1074:
825:
756:
692:
598:
586:
573:
556:
546:
538:
528:
481:
469:
398:
386:
373:
365:
355:
345:
337:
327:
317:
280:
268:
239:Robert's Rules Simplified
4319:Declare the chair vacant
4182:Division of the assembly
3111:The Toastmaster Magazine
2792:The Southeast Missourian
1557:Changes between editions
1210:. In addition, the book
1206:including the motion to
1155:, a public session, and
770:General Henry M. Robert
463:Robert's Rules of Order
262:Robert's Rules of Order
165:special rules of order.
4496:Parliamentary authority
4491:Parliamentary procedure
4306:Disciplinary procedures
4215:Request for information
3944:Parliamentary procedure
3902:Robert's Rules of Order
3558:Bierbaum, Gene (2010).
2925:Ockerbloom, John Mark.
2250:Robert's Rules of Order
2219:Parliamentary procedure
2207:Robert's Rules of Order
2187:Robert's Rules of Order
2171:parliamentary authority
2167:Robert's Rules of Order
2143:Robert's Rules of Order
2133:Robert's Rules of Order
2129:Robert's Rules of Order
2109:Robert's Rules of Order
2091:Robert's Rules of Order
2037:Robert's Rules of Order
2007:Robert's Rules of Order
2003:parliamentary procedure
1983:Robert's Rules of Order
1966:Robert's Rules of Order
1941:Robert's Rules of Order
1629:Added motion to rescind
1543:Robert's Rules of Order
1483:disciplinary procedures
1469:parliamentary authority
1404:assignment of the floor
1325:request for information
1141:quarterly time interval
1129:parliamentary authority
1047:parliamentary procedure
1017:Robert's Rules of Order
983:General Henry M. Robert
954:, Henry M. Robert III,
948:General Henry M. Robert
920:General Henry M. Robert
887:General Henry M. Robert
859:General Henry M. Robert
840:General Henry M. Robert
816:General Henry M. Robert
787:General Henry M. Robert
699:Robert's Rules of Order
662:Robert's Rules of Order
642:parliamentary authority
614:Robert's Rules of Order
533:Robert's Rules of Order
489:General Henry M. Robert
452:parliamentary authority
444:parliamentary procedure
332:Parliamentary procedure
322:Robert's Rules of Order
288:General Henry M. Robert
264:Newly Revised In Brief
198:Robert's Rules of Order
170:Robert's Rules of Order
128:parliamentary procedure
120:Robert's Rules of Order
81:parliamentary authority
61:Robert's Rules of Order
53:parliamentary procedure
42:Robert's Rules of Order
4501:1876 non-fiction books
4273:Legislative procedures
4223:Request to read papers
4207:Requests and inquiries
4172:Division of a question
3586:"Parliamentary Basics"
2248:Robert, Henry (1986).
1652:Added motion to recess
1333:request to read papers
1317:requests and inquiries
1297:division of a question
1125:special rules of order
1086:fundamental principles
1060:
1032:legislative assemblies
717:Major Henry M. Robert
647:
623:Parliamentary Practice
458:Comprehensive editions
102:
72:United States Congress
37:
4486:Group decision-making
4258:Discharge a committee
4211:Parliamentary inquiry
4061:Postpone indefinitely
3968:Deliberative assembly
3661:"Recommended Reading"
2613:Bliss, Edwin (1988).
2467:The Milwaukee Journal
2273:Bliss, Edwin (1993).
2145:are also used during
2097:(also referred to as
1976:Further information:
1456:People may gather in
1355:discharge a committee
1321:parliamentary inquiry
1223:postpone indefinitely
1093:deliberative assembly
1055:
638:
193:). Some examples are
122:placed on its cover.
100:
55:by U.S. Army officer
35:
4296:Recall of Parliament
3686:"Youth Partnerships"
3544:N.C. Business Lawyer
2335:"RONR Q&A Forum"
2124:Model United Nations
2111:is also used during
2095:Congressional Debate
1915:affect the vote, a "
1699:nominating committee
1536:Secondary Amendments
79:adopted it as their
4440:ABC of Chairmanship
4248:Take from the table
2715:The Free Lance-Star
2043:Youth organizations
1347:take from the table
1002:Hachette Book Group
991:Henry M. Robert III
987:Sarah Corbin Robert
963:Perseus Books Group
952:Sarah Corbin Robert
924:Sarah Corbin Robert
891:Sarah Corbin Robert
863:Sarah Corbin Robert
669:
551:Hachette Book Group
529:Original title
502:Henry M. Robert III
496:Sarah Corbin Robert
466:
318:Original title
295:Henry M. Robert III
292:Sarah Corbin Robert
265:
57:Henry Martyn Robert
36:First edition, 1876
4400:Lex Parliamentaria
4144:Incidental motions
4106:Privileged motions
4053:Subsidiary motions
3361:The New York Times
3136:Sylvester, Nancy.
2856:The New York Times
1945:ordinary societies
1917:friendly amendment
1905:ex-officio members
1804:Recognized customs
1277:Incidental motions
1252:Privileged motions
1219:Subsidiary motions
1123:, rules of order (
1028:ordinary societies
800:(75th Anniversary)
667:
512:Daniel H. Honemann
462:
301:Daniel H. Honemann
261:
243:Dover Publications
103:
38:
4463:
4462:
4291:Motion to pass on
4281:Call of the house
4162:Suspend the rules
4086:Previous question
4043:Unanimous consent
4023:Order of business
3890:Project Gutenberg
3822:978-1-5417-3669-6
3571:978-1-4535-4792-2
3281:978-1-5417-9770-3
3066:978-1-5417-3669-6
3034:978-0-306-82021-2
2690:The Afro-American
2538:Parliamentary Law
2317:978-0-8093-3215-1
1953:open meeting laws
1949:county commission
1935:Law-making bodies
1895:Rule explanations
1888:
1887:
1589:Original edition
1516:order of business
1393:order of business
1289:suspend the rules
1243:previous question
1190:, or a vote of a
1176:unanimous consent
1153:executive session
1145:adjourned meeting
1113:corporate charter
1008:
1007:
905:
801:
627:Parliamentary Law
610:
609:
580:978-1-5417-3669-6
539:Cover artist
518:Daniel E. Seabold
410:
409:
380:978-1-5417-9770-3
307:Daniel E. Seabold
154:Parliamentary Law
51:, is a manual of
4508:
4455:
4359:(TSC or Sturgis)
4096:Lay on the table
3937:
3930:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3899:
3898:
3878:robertsrules.org
3852:
3850:
3849:
3843:robertsrules.com
3834:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:"NSDA HS Manual"
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3530:Slaughter, Jim.
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:on June 10, 2022
3498:
3492:. Archived from
3487:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3357:"Point of Order"
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3326:
3320:
3317:official website
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
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3177:
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3158:
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3151:
3145:
3144:
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3124:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3105:Slaughter, Jim.
3102:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2951:. Archived from
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2903:. Archived from
2896:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2852:"Point of Order"
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2784:
2778:
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2775:
2774:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
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2725:
2723:
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2707:
2701:
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2682:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2593:robertsrules.org
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2490:
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2476:
2474:
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2449:
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2433:
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2380:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2352:
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2345:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2245:
2122:programs and in
2120:Boys/Girls State
2099:Student Congress
2001:is an expert on
1993:Parliamentarians
1943:is designed for
1569:
1568:
1247:lay on the table
1105:legislative body
995:William J. Evans
976:
956:William J. Evans
941:
913:
903:
880:
809:
799:
711:
670:
666:
652:parliamentarians
606:JF515 .R692 2020
602:
569:
567:
558:Publication date
507:William J. Evans
474:
467:
461:
406:JF515 .R692 2011
402:
357:Publication date
298:William J. Evans
273:
266:
260:
180:Concise editions
4516:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4481:Group processes
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4457:Politics portal
4445:
4333:
4300:
4267:
4239:
4232:
4138:
4100:
4047:
3946:
3941:
3896:
3884:rulesonline.com
3860:
3855:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3823:
3806:
3804:Primary sources
3801:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3777:
3767:
3763:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3670:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3363:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3115:
3113:
3103:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3067:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3035:
3021:
3017:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2974:
2970:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2908:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2625:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2368:, p. xliii
2364:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2215:
2195:
2163:
2158:
2135:may be used is
2113:American Legion
2045:
1999:parliamentarian
1995:
1980:
1974:
1937:
1897:
1575:Numbered pages
1572:Edition (year)
1559:
1504:
1495:
1371:
1231:commit or refer
1200:
1188:previous notice
1184:two-thirds vote
1077:
1065:
1013:
591:
565:
563:
559:
524:
515:Thomas J. Balch
508:
503:
498:
491:
477:
464:
460:
391:
358:
313:
304:Thomas J. Balch
276:
263:
182:
162:
101:Henry M. Robert
95:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:Point of order
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3951:Major concepts
3948:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3858:External links
3856:
3854:
3853:
3835:
3821:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3786:
3775:Shelburne News
3761:
3740:
3719:
3702:
3677:
3652:
3627:
3611:"How to Apply"
3602:
3577:
3570:
3550:
3522:
3510:
3474:
3453:
3441:
3417:
3393:
3372:
3347:
3321:
3308:
3287:
3280:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3200:, p. xlix
3190:
3188:, p. xxix
3178:
3153:
3125:
3092:
3080:
3065:
3048:
3033:
3015:
2986:
2968:
2947:Trout, Stran.
2939:
2917:
2899:Trout, Stran.
2888:
2867:
2842:
2830:
2804:
2779:
2753:
2727:
2702:
2677:
2675:, p. xxiv
2660:
2633:
2623:
2605:
2589:"RRO Versions"
2580:
2568:
2553:"How to Adopt"
2544:
2527:
2510:
2478:
2453:
2428:
2396:
2370:
2358:
2347:
2323:
2316:
2293:
2283:
2265:
2258:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2194:
2191:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2137:Model Congress
2044:
2041:
1994:
1991:
1973:
1970:
1936:
1933:
1896:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:Expanded index
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:Filling blanks
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1558:
1555:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1370:
1369:Various topics
1367:
1362:
1361:
1340:
1281:point of order
1274:
1249:
1199:
1196:
1149:annual meeting
1133:standing rules
1076:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
998:
980:
977:
970:
966:
965:
959:
945:
942:
935:
931:
930:
929:Perseus Books
927:
917:
914:
907:
904:("Millennium")
898:
897:
894:
884:
881:
874:
870:
869:
866:
856:
853:
851:
847:
846:
843:
837:
834:
832:
829:
823:
822:
819:
813:
810:
803:
794:
793:
790:
784:
781:
779:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
742:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
714:February 1876
712:
705:
702:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
608:
607:
604:
596:
595:
592:
587:
584:
583:
577:
571:
570:
560:
557:
554:
553:
548:
544:
543:
540:
536:
535:
530:
526:
525:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
505:
500:
493:
485:
483:
479:
478:
475:
465:Newly Revised
459:
456:
414:Robert's Rules
408:
407:
404:
396:
395:
392:
387:
384:
383:
377:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
284:
282:
278:
277:
274:
259:
258:
253:
251:978-0486450964
236:
234:978-0060787790
219:
212:
210:978-0840771995
181:
178:
161:
158:
94:
91:
76:Robert's Rules
48:Robert's Rules
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4513:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Prayer motion
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3795:
3790:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3750:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3712:
3706:
3692:on 2015-12-02
3691:
3687:
3681:
3667:on 2015-11-17
3666:
3662:
3656:
3642:on 2016-02-19
3641:
3637:
3631:
3617:on 2015-09-14
3616:
3612:
3606:
3592:on 2015-08-25
3591:
3587:
3581:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3382:
3376:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3337:on 2015-12-28
3336:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3260:, p. xxi
3259:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3218:
3212:, p. 249
3211:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3168:on 2014-03-08
3167:
3163:
3157:
3150:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3122:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2987:0-7382-0923-6
2983:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2955:on 2016-01-24
2954:
2950:
2943:
2928:
2921:
2907:on 2016-01-23
2906:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2877:
2876:"The Authors"
2871:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2840:, p. vii
2839:
2834:
2819:on 2015-12-08
2818:
2814:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2624:0-07-062522-0
2620:
2616:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2578:, p. 407
2577:
2572:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2417:
2416:"Our History"
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2284:0-07-062522-0
2280:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2259:0-553-22598-7
2255:
2251:
2244:
2240:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1892:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:good standing
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
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589:Dewey Decimal
585:
581:
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561:
555:
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531:
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521:Shmuel Gerber
520:
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389:Dewey Decimal
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368:
364:
360:
354:
351:
350:Da Capo Press
348:
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310:Shmuel Gerber
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160:Special rules
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107:San Francisco
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89:in May 1915.
88:
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4383:
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3869:
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3842:
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3409:. Retrieved
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3360:
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3290:
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3248:, p. 49
3241:
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2905:the original
2880:. Retrieved
2870:
2859:. Retrieved
2855:
2845:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2807:
2796:. Retrieved
2791:
2782:
2771:. Retrieved
2769:. p. B3
2767:Toledo Blade
2766:
2756:
2745:. Retrieved
2740:
2730:
2719:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2694:. Retrieved
2689:
2680:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:
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2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
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2502:. Retrieved
2470:. Retrieved
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2440:
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2306:
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2196:
2186:
2180:
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2142:
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2128:
2108:
2107:
2093:are used in
2090:
2089:
2080:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1982:
1981:
1972:Corporations
1965:
1959:
1957:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1920:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1860:
1855:
1817:11th (2011)
1787:10th (2000)
1712:
1707:
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1636:
1560:
1551:
1542:
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1527:
1523:
1520:
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1505:
1496:
1480:
1473:
1462:
1455:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1363:
1204:main motions
1201:
1161:
1117:constitution
1097:mass meeting
1090:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1030:rather than
1025:
1021:general will
1016:
1014:
994:
990:
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982:
955:
951:
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902:
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886:
862:
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697:
693:
661:
659:
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622:
618:
613:
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542:Pete Garceau
532:
447:
439:
435:
433:
428:
424:
420:
418:
413:
411:
321:
255:
238:
221:
214:
197:
183:
174:proxy voting
169:
167:
163:
153:
149:
145:
138:
136:
132:
126:interest in
124:
119:
113:
111:
104:
85:
84:
75:
69:
60:
47:
46:
41:
40:
39:
25:
20:
4018:Main motion
3998:Recognition
3794:Robert 2020
3520:, p. 1
3518:Robert 2020
3451:, p. 8
3449:Robert 2020
3258:Robert 2020
3246:Robert 2020
3236:, p. 2
3234:Robert 2020
3224:, p. 5
3222:Robert 2020
3210:Robert 2020
3198:Robert 2020
3186:Robert 2020
3090:, p. l
3088:Robert 2020
2838:Robert 2020
2673:Robert 2020
2576:Robert 2020
2366:Robert 2020
2355:Robert 2020
2024:(3rd ed.).
1987:shareholder
1939:Generally,
1913:abstentions
1856:12th (2020)
1766:9th (1990)
1745:8th (1981)
1680:6th (1951)
1662:5th (1943)
1612:3rd (1893)
1594:2nd (1876)
1583:1st (1876)
1476:conventions
1419:nominations
1015:Generally,
582:(paperback)
509:(1928–2007)
504:(1920–2019)
499:(1886–1972)
492:(1837–1923)
454:in itself.
382:(paperback)
4470:Categories
4434:Morin code
4263:Reconsider
3848:2020-09-07
3780:2016-01-04
3755:2016-01-04
3734:2015-12-02
3696:2015-11-30
3671:2015-11-12
3646:2015-09-18
3621:2015-09-18
3596:2015-09-18
3537:2016-01-04
3468:2015-09-17
3435:2020-09-07
3411:2020-09-07
3387:2020-09-07
3366:2018-05-03
3341:2016-01-04
3302:2020-09-07
3172:2014-03-08
3143:2015-11-28
3116:2015-11-28
3075:1121488449
2959:2015-11-28
2933:2015-11-20
2911:2015-11-19
2882:2020-09-07
2861:2008-03-11
2823:2015-11-28
2798:2015-12-02
2773:2015-11-25
2747:2015-12-02
2721:2015-11-27
2696:2015-12-02
2654:2020-09-07
2562:2020-09-07
2504:2015-11-28
2472:2015-11-27
2447:2015-12-01
2422:2020-09-07
2390:2015-11-25
2341:2020-09-07
2230:References
2224:Morin code
2071:, and the
1708:7th (1970)
1637:4th (1915)
1451:committees
1359:reconsider
1159:meetings.
1157:electronic
1101:convention
730:July 1876
688:Publisher
594:060.42 ROB
566:2020-09-01
394:060.42 ROB
186:copyrights
184:Since the
3973:Committee
3831:720599411
3503:August 8,
3043:720599411
3004:cite book
2598:April 13,
2235:Citations
2150:Residence
2077:Parli Pro
2069:SkillsUSA
1929:moderated
1443:treasurer
1435:secretary
1433:") and a
1427:president
1423:elections
934:Eleventh
547:Publisher
346:Publisher
341:Reference
156:in 1923.
4476:Meetings
4038:Majority
3907:LibriVox
2996:45286870
2498:Archived
2213:See also
2173:include
1909:majority
1431:chairman
1382:dilatory
1137:sessions
1107:, and a
1040:law book
969:Twelfth
831:Seventh
676:Edition
645:edition.
436:In Brief
256:In Brief
21:In Brief
4324:Impeach
4314:Censure
4129:Adjourn
4091:Cloture
4028:Minutes
3978:Session
3315:On the
3296:"Books"
2441:The Day
1891:users.
1564:preface
1487:censure
1439:minutes
1378:renewed
1268:adjourn
1198:Motions
1011:Purpose
850:Eighth
762:Fourth
725:Second
564: (
328:Subject
93:History
4393:Manual
4351:(RONR)
4329:Naming
4157:Appeal
4124:Recess
4071:Commit
4013:Debate
4008:Second
4003:Motion
3983:Quorum
3829:
3819:
3568:
3429:"FAQs"
3278:
3073:
3063:
3041:
3031:
2994:
2984:
2621:
2314:
2281:
2256:
2179:, and
2083:. The
2063:, the
1911:, how
1532:Teller
1465:bylaws
1429:" or "
1408:debate
1397:agenda
1395:or an
1389:quorum
1357:, and
1335:, and
1315:, and
1285:appeal
1270:, and
1264:recess
1245:, and
1208:ratify
1168:debate
1164:motion
1121:bylaws
1075:Basics
901:Tenth
873:Ninth
797:Sixth
778:Fifth
741:Third
704:First
679:Cover
673:Title
482:Author
281:Author
249:
232:
208:
23:, see
4286:Hoist
4066:Amend
3993:Floor
3988:Chair
3714:(PDF)
3497:(PDF)
3486:(PDF)
3162:"FAQ"
1447:board
1227:amend
1212:lists
1151:, an
1147:, an
1109:board
979:2020
944:2011
916:2000
883:1990
855:1981
836:1970
812:1951
783:1943
767:1915
746:1893
682:Year
366:Pages
338:Genre
3827:OCLC
3817:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3505:2022
3490:NCSL
3276:ISBN
3071:OCLC
3061:ISBN
3039:OCLC
3029:ISBN
3010:link
2992:OCLC
2982:ISBN
2619:ISBN
2600:2020
2312:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2115:and
2027:The
2012:The
1820:716
1790:704
1769:706
1748:594
1683:326
1665:326
1615:218
1597:192
1586:176
1526:and
1421:and
1406:and
1172:vote
1127:and
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1103:, a
889:and
861:and
625:and
575:ISBN
434:The
375:ISBN
361:2020
247:ISBN
230:ISBN
206:ISBN
3149:in.
1861:714
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
