1081:. All three ruled the traditional requirements of ritual washing remained in effect for Conservative Jews (with some leniencies and liberalization of interpretation), but disagreed on the reasoning for continuing this practices, as well as on the validity of specific leniencies. Two of the opinions reflect reasoning similar to the respective Orthodox views (Biblical requirements or rabbinic ordinances enacted in remembrance of the Temple.) A third opinion expressed the view that Conservative Judaism should disconnect ritual purity practices from the Temple in Jerusalem or its memory, and offered a new approach based on what it called the concept of holiness, rather than the concept of purity. Thus, Conservative Judaism, under its philosophy of pluralism, supports a range of views on this subject, from views similar to the Orthodox view to views expressing a need for a contemporary re-orientation.
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According to the Jewish
Encyclopedia, the historic requirement for priests to first wash their hands, together with the classical rabbinical belief that non-priest were also required to wash their hands before taking part in a holy act, such as prayer, was adhered to very strongly, to the extent that
1125:), in reference to the jar of water used. The Jewish Encyclopedia states that many historic Jewish writers, and particularly the Pharisees, took it to mean that water had to be poured out onto uplifted hands, and that they could not be considered clean until water had reached the wrist. The Christian
741:
are also applied, as in
Biblical times, to uterine blood discharges outside regular menstruation. Such circumstances are often interpreted leniently, however, and rabbinic stratagems have been devised to lessen their severity. Women experiencing irregularities (droplets) are sometimes advised to wear
475:
Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and the base thereof of brass, whereat to wash; and thou shalt put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein. And Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat; when they go into the tent of meeting, they
1089:
Both traditional religious and secular scholars agree that ritual washing in
Judaism was derived by the Rabbis of the Talmud from a more extensive set of ritual washing and purity practices in use in the days of the Temple in Jerusalem, based on various verses in the Hebrew Scriptures and received
861:
ritual, in order to become ritually pure again; however, the person who carried out the red heifer ritual and who sprinkled the water, was to be treated as having become ritually impure by doing so. According to Cheyne and Black, this ritual derives from the same origin as the ritual described in
828:
was regarded by the biblical regulations as having made themselves unclean by doing so, and therefore was compelled to immerse their entire body. This regulation is immediately preceded by the rule against eating anything still containing blood, and according to biblical scholars this is also the
1824:
The Qumran community - Page 92 Michael
Anthony Knibb - 1987 -"10-13, and among the many cisterns at Qumran, two basins have been identif1ed which served as baths and were perhaps used for ... Unclean, unclean shall he be as long as he rejects the precepts of God: The language is drawn from
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the loss of a potential life). One who comes into contact with one of the forms of death must then immerse in water which is described in
Genesis as flowing out of the Garden of Eden (the source of life) in order to cleanse oneself of this contact with death (and by extension of sin).
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and the following verses, which describe the beauty of elements of the body, are spoken. Finally, nine measures of cold water are poured over the body while it is upright, which is the core element of the ceremony, and it is then dried (according to some customs), and
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is washed and dried, but is kept facing the same way, as there is the belief that turning it the other way will cause another person to die within three days. Many communities have replaced the pouring of nine measures by immersion in a specially constructed mikveh.
882:; some English translations discount this detail, because it differs from other sin offerings by not being killed at the altar, although biblical scholars believe that this demonstrates a failure by these translations to understand the meaning of sin offerings.
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wrote a responsum lifting the decree of Ezra, based on an opinion in the Talmud stating that it had failed to be observed by a majority of the community and the Jewish people found themselves unable to sustain it. However, Maimonides continued to follow the
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or other uterine bleeding, she must immerse and only then is permitted to resume sexual relations with her husband. This practice remains the principal use of contemporary mikvehs. It is fully observed in
Orthodox Judaism, and normative in Conservative
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Page 270 - 2001 3 Ritual washing
Washing is used for ritual purification in the context of the Temple worship. In Som. I 81, Philo quotes Lev 22 6 f, which states that no one is permitted to eat from holy things "unless the body is washed with water".
833:, eating the bodies of such creatures is not described as making an individual ritually impure, nor requires the eater to wash their body, but instead, such consumption is expressly forbidden, although the creature is allowed to be passed on to a
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remains in effect in
Orthodox Judaism, in two respects. Due to extreme conditions in Roman Palestine in the time of the Amoraim, women's periods became irregular, and women became unable to determine whether or not their discharges were regular
511:; and before prayer. On some of these occasions, the water must be poured from a cup; on others, it may also be delivered by any means such as a faucet. On some of these occasions, a blessing is recited; on others, it is not.
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Men experiencing a seminal discharge, including through regular marital intercourse, were prohibited from entering the Temple in
Jerusalem and required to immerse in a mikveh, remaining ritually impure until the evening. The
798:, however, revived the practice of regular mikveh use, advocating regular daily mikveh use as a way of achieving spiritual purity. The growth of Hasidic Judaism resulted in a revival of mikveh use by men. In addition, some
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fell out of use with the destruction of the Temple in
Jerusalem and the end of sacrificial rites. However, each of the other requirements remains in effect to some extent in Orthodox Judaism and (to a lesser degree) in
967:; in ancient times the hair and nails were also cut, but by the 19th century, the hair was merely combed, and the nails were just cleansed with a special pin, unless their length is excessive. After the ceremony, the
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Between death and the traditional ceremony, the body is placed on the ground, and covered with a sheet, and at the start of the traditional ceremony, the body is lifted from the ground onto a special board or slab (a
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context of the regulation about not eating non-sacrifices—that the regulation only treats such consumption as unclean if there is a risk of blood remaining within the carcass. In the version of this regulation in
1211:
offers, as justification for the ritual of hand-washing after waking, the belief that a spirit of impurity rests upon each person during the night, and will not leave until the person's hands are washed, and the
904:, argued that the corpse should be cleansed carefully, including the ears and fingers, with nails pared and hair combed, so that the corpse could be laid to rest in the manner that the person had visited the
938:, a practice which obtains in many Jewish communities today; a mikveh is provided at a number of ancient tombs. Female corpses are traditionally cleaned only by other females, and males only by other males.
946:), so that it lies facing the door, with a white sheet underneath. The clothes are then removed from the corpse (if they were not removed when the corpse was placed on the ground), and at this point
890:
No explicit regulations are expressed in the bible concerning the treatment of a corpse itself, although historic rabbinical sources saw an implication that the dead should be thoroughly washed per
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states that in Jesus' time, "Pharisees, and all the Jews" would not eat until they had washed their hands to the wrist, and it was noteworthy that Jesus and his followers did not wash.
503:
or custom, the hands are washed on a number of occasions. These include before and after eating a meal with bread; upon awaking in the morning; after using the toilet; before eating
1168:
against the profane making contact with the sacred, and similar practices are present in other religions of the period and region. The Jewish Encyclopedia relates that according to
1062:
remain in force, and Jews remain Biblically-obligated to observe such of them as they can, and a view that Biblical ritual impurity requirements apply only in the presence of a
930:
In the early periods, the body was washed in a standard mikveh, and this is frequently the form of the ritual in the present day, but the traditional washing ceremony, known as
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is cleansed of his issue, then he shall number to himself seven days for his cleansing, and wash his clothes; and he shall bathe his flesh in running water, and shall be clean.
779:
a Rabbinic decree imposing further restrictions on men ritually impure from a seminal discharge, including a prohibition on studying Torah and from participating in services.
870:
for murder by an unknown perpetrator, according to which a heifer is killed at a stream, and hands are washed over it; Peake believed that these are both ultimately cases of
1474:
Although the Shulchan Aruch (OC 88) rules that they repealed the requirement of this immersion, it is still considered a pious practice to continue to observe it.
1228:
from their bed without ablution. According to , the cup containing the water has to be able to carry a certain amount of water, and it should have two handles.
1100:, basins which served as baths have been identified, and among the Dead Sea scrolls, texts on maintaining ritual purity reflect the requirements of Leviticus.
1035:, and a similar requirement was imposed on the person who led the scapegoat away, and the person who burned the sacrifices during the rituals of the day. The
1239:
before they assume their work. Peake's commentary states that although Biblical rules regarding ritual purification following bodily discharges clearly have
1047:
Both Orthodox and Conservative Judaism currently have multiple views on the reason for contemporary observance of ritual washing and immersion obligation.
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water, with the mouth of the corpse covered so that water does not enter it; the next part of the ritual is the pouring of water over the head, while
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shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to cause an offering made by fire to smoke unto the LORD.
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is unique in that it cannot be purified by immersion in a normal mikveh, but rather requires immersion in a spring of running water (mayim hayim).
556:
Depending on the circumstances, such ritual bathing might require immersion in "living water"—either by using a natural stream or by using a
950:
is recited by the enactors of the ritual, as it refers to the removal of filthy clothes. Following this, the body is thoroughly rubbed with
737:
period following menstruation, for a total of approximately 12 days per month, which Orthodox women continue to observe today. The laws of
462:
touches, without having rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the evening.
635:, ("Purification"), the ritual washing and cleansing, and immersion in a mikveh according to many customs, of a Jew's body prior to burial
304:
276:
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Christianity adopted the practice, and provided worshippers with fountains and basins of water in Churches, in a similar manner to the "
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This article discusses the requirements of immersion in Rabbinic Judaism and its descendants. Some other branches of Judaism, such as
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is traditionally credited with its invention. According to this latter form of ceremony, the water used for washing was perfumed by
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is quoted, since it refers to the sprinkling of water to produce cleanness; and then each limb is washed downwards, while
923:, and consequently believed that dead bodies were inherently ritually unclean, and should be exposed to the elements in a
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functioning as a laver. Although Christianity did not adopt the requirement for priests to wash feet before worship, in
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424:, the practices are normative, with certain leniencies and exceptions. Ritual washing is not generally performed in
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In Orthodox Judaism, opinion is generally split between a view that maintains that those Biblical rules related to
1255:, due to the belief that these contained life, more than any other bodily fluid, or any other aspect of the body.
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states that the High Priest had to immerse himself five times, and his hands and feet had to be washed ten times.
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near water. Biblical scholars regard this custom as an imitation by the laity of the behaviour of the priests. A
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1971:
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refers to ritual washing in the context of the Temple and Leviticus, but also speaks of spiritual "washing". At
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560:(a specially constructed ritual bath, connected directly to a natural source of water, such as a spring).
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requires immersion of the body in water as a means of purification in several circumstances, for example:
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priests were required to wash themselves twice a day and twice a night in cold water, and according to
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periods, refraining from intercourse and physical contact with their husbands for seven days of the
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before they could become members of the Jewish priesthood, and similarly requires Levites to be
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According to Peake's commentary on the Bible, the Priestly Code specifies that individuals were
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traditions. There is disagreement, however, about the origins and meanings of these practices.
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and remained in a state of ritual impurity for seven days before immersion. Today, the law of
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referring to washing of the hands, literally "lifting of the hands", is derived either from
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Immersing in a mikveh can be a symbolic act connecting a person to ancestral experiences.
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A woman experiencing uterine blood, not part of normal menstruation, was classified as a
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The priests bearing the ark of the covenant lead the Israelites under Joshua across the
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restrictions as a matter of personal observance. Since then, observance of the rules of
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Priests were required to wash their hands and feet before service in the Temple:
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or rabbinical regulations require immersion of the whole body, referred to as
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during life. Washing of corpses was not observed among the Jews living in
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and hence regular mikveh use by men fell into disuse in many communities.
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I will wash my hands in innocency; so will I compass Thine altar, O LORD.
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argues that body is open to demonic possession during sleep because the
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states that this custom was the reason for the traditional location of
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to any deity in the morning, unless they had first washed their hands.
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Occasions on which full-body immersion is currently practiced include:
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connects the laws of impurity to the narrative in the beginning of
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416:(16th century). These practices are most commonly observed within
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the practice was extended to the congregation and expanded into
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coloured underwear to mitigate the detectability of evidence of
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that they had to be sprinkled with the water produced from the
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describes the water produced from the red heifer ritual as a
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Some Orthodox men immerse after having a seminal discharge (
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1070:, practices decreed by the Rabbis in memory of the Temple.
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washed their hands in the sea each morning before prayer;
919:; at the time, the non-Jewish Persians were predominantly
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prescribes rituals addressing the skin condition known as
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argues that death awaits anyone who walks more than four
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especially mentions the washing ceremonies using myrtle.
725:). As a result, women adapted a stringency combining the
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status and hence a need to determine that a woman is a
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1486:"The Mikveh's Significance in Traditional Conversion"
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1007:; the use of spices was an ancient practice, and the
980:
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1285:
Mikveh in symbolic experience and biblical typology
606:for men, to immerse themselves on the day prior to
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2006:
670:and unusual genital discharges in a man or woman (
646:authorities who permit ascending the Temple Mount)
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3155:Prohibition of extracting semen in vain (Judaism)
1054:that are possible to observe in the absence of a
894:, as children are washed when born; according to
813:
3276:
1027:to bathe himself in water after sending off the
514:
1191:According to the 1906 Jewish encyclopedia, The
1483:
1156:, Biblical scholars regard the requirement of
806:communities continued to observe the rules of
384:References to ritual washing are found in the
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2533:
1992:
917:in filth, without a candle and without a bath
298:
1120:
986:
377:is the washing of the hands with a cup (see
362:
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1220:temporarily leaves the body during it; the
602:In Orthodox Judaism, there is a widespread
454:There are also references to hand-washing:
277:Prohibition of Kohen defilement by the dead
3038:
3024:
2540:
2526:
1999:
1985:
1243:uses, they ultimately originated from the
915:, for which they were criticised as dying
845:Anyone who came into contact with a human
618:. Many also immerse themselves before the
305:
291:
1465:Babylonian Talmud, tractate Shabbath 64b.
1084:
1073:In December 2006, Conservative Judaism's
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1077:issued three responsa on the subject of
975:A more elaborate ceremony, known as the
885:
840:
524:
479:
327:
316:
2070:(Stumbling block in front of the blind)
1066:, and the current rules represent only
927:to avoid defiling the earth with them.
533:for the purpose of ritual immersion in
3277:
3019:
2521:
1980:
1812:Jewish worship in Philo of Alexandria
1103:According to the editors of the 1906
1075:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards
626:) do so daily before morning prayers.
541:There are several occasions on which
16:Overview of ritual washing in Judaism
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1184:were forbidden from pouring out the
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1121:
987:
570:
363:
13:
3140:Forbidden relationships in Judaism
2372:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
1043:Reason for contemporary observance
682:including immersion in a mikveh.
629:A convert to Judaism must immerse.
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3189:Women forbidden to their husbands
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656:Bodily fluids and skin conditions
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2345:One commandment leads to another
1341:Jordan River § Hebrew Bible
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650:
549:. For example, the impurity of
367:) is a full body immersion in a
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3165:Head covering for married women
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34:needs additional citations for
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3180:You shall not commit adultery
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685:The practice of checking for
515:Full-body immersion (Tevilah)
1195:states that creators of the
1019:The biblical regulations of
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484:A Silver Mayim Acharonim Set
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2030:(Desecration of God's name)
1972:The Laws of Netilat Yadayim
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585:period concludes following
58:"Ritual washing in Judaism"
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1389:Ritual washing in Mandaism
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1353:Ablution (disambiguation)
866:for a group of people to
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3160:Rabbi Zeira's stringency
3072:Jewish views on marriage
2062:(Derogatory information)
1358:Ablution in Christianity
1023:require the officiating
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355:, takes two main forms.
134:Ritual purity in Judaism
2173:Forbidden relationships
1902:Antiquities of the Jews
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638:Prior to ascending the
3145:Jewish views on incest
3130:Cunnilingus in Halacha
2314:B'rov am hadrat melech
2012:(Jewish religious law)
1369:Handwashing in Judaism
1085:History and commentary
642:(by those Orthodox or
622:, and many (primarily
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495:Handwashing in Judaism
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379:Handwashing in Judaism
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3290:Judaism and sexuality
2659:Prayers and blessings
1488:. My Jewish Learning.
1247:against contact with
1164:as an example of the
886:Treatment of a corpse
841:Contact with a corpse
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483:
331:
320:
128:series of articles on
2795:Weekly Torah reading
2385:Positive commandment
2328:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2080:You shall not murder
1589:Encyclopedia Biblica
1484:Rabbi Maurice Lamm.
1335:Crossing the Red Sea
692:Conservative Judaism
422:Conservative Judaism
272:Tumath eretz Ha'Amim
170:Purification methods
43:improve this article
3264:Heter meah rabbanim
3135:Fellatio in Halacha
2628:Bar and bat mitzvah
2284:Halakhic principles
2038:(Theft of the mind)
1683:Jewish Encyclopedia
1384:Ritual purification
1119:(αντλίον in Hebrew
1105:Jewish Encyclopedia
1094:Philo of Alexandria
1068:rabbinic ordinances
1064:Temple in Jerusalem
710:Temple in Jerusalem
708:in the days of the
680:Temple in Jerusalem
406:(12th century) and
236:Sources of Impurity
2767:Religious practice
2458:Capital punishment
2105:Corpse uncleanness
1857:2 Chronicles 4:2–6
1751:2 Chronicles 16:14
1586:Cheyne and Black,
1307:. You can help by
1193:Letter of Aristeas
1025:Jewish High Priest
539:
486:
341:
326:
267:Corpse uncleanness
3272:
3271:
3120:Prohibitions and
3013:
3012:
2669:Grace after meals
2554:Birth and infancy
2515:
2514:
2178:Gender separation
1703:Ecclesiastes 5:15
1554:Deuteronomy 14:21
1510:Leviticus 15:5–10
1399:Tumah and taharah
1325:
1324:
1272:Tree of Knowledge
1162:Priestly Blessing
982:rechitzah gedolah
872:sympathetic magic
489:Washing the hands
315:
314:
155:Tumah and taharah
119:
118:
111:
93:
3302:
3295:Orthodox Judaism
3114:
3046:Marital life in
3040:
3033:
3026:
3017:
3016:
2775:613 commandments
2697:Marriageable age
2605:
2598:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2422:Toch k'dei dibur
2232:Terumat hamaaser
2046:(Theft of sleep)
2001:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1955:
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1929:
1924:
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1139:Jerusalem Temple
1124:
1123:
993:Hillel the Elder
990:
989:
984:
925:Tower of Silence
771:ascribes to the
721:) or irregular (
579:After a woman's
571:Current practice
565:Haymanot Judaism
458:And whoever the
418:Orthodox Judaism
366:
365:
307:
300:
293:
147:
142:
121:
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114:
107:
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2995:Yahrzeit candle
2956:
2844:Religious items
2839:
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2683:
2664:Prayer services
2642:
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2600:
2599:
2590:
2561:Hebrew birthday
2549:
2546:
2516:
2511:
2469:
2446:
2279:
2199:Sabbatical year
2187:
2133:
2091:
2013:
2005:
1968:Eliezer Melamed
1963:
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1932:
1925:
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1867:Herodotus, 2:37
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1780:Leviticus 16:24
1778:
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1749:
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1740:Sefer haMaharil
1738:
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1640:
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1601:Leviticus 16:26
1599:
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1563:
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1552:
1548:
1539:
1526:
1521:Leviticus 17:15
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1455:Exodus 30:18–20
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1433:Leviticus 15:11
1431:
1427:
1422:Leviticus 15:13
1420:
1416:
1412:
1349:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1305:needs expansion
1287:
1087:
1045:
1017:
1005:aromatic spices
888:
855:ritually impure
843:
816:
796:Hasidic Judaism
764:
758:
702:
658:
653:
573:
523:
517:
497:
491:
434:
374:netilat yadayim
323:netilat yadayim
311:
282:
281:
237:
229:
228:
214:
206:
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176:Netilat yadayim
171:
140:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3308:
3298:
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3287:
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3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
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3240:
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3227:
3225:Hefsek taharah
3221:
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3212:
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3209:
3208:
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3198:
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3117:
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3109:
3107:
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3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:Jewish wedding
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3055:Jewish wedding
3052:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:Chevra Kadisha
2966:
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2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Jewish wedding
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2654:Ritual washing
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
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2444:
2439:
2432:
2429:Yad soledet bo
2425:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2397:Self-sacrifice
2394:
2387:
2382:
2379:Pikuach nefesh
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2331:
2324:
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2295:
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2256:
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2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:Ritual washing
2126:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2052:Kiddush hashem
2048:
2040:
2036:Geneivat da'at
2032:
2028:Chillul hashem
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:External links
1959:
1957:
1956:
1953:Waters of Life
1941:
1930:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1884:
1879:Works and Days
1869:
1860:
1849:
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1791:
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1727:Genesis Rabbah
1718:
1706:
1695:
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1604:
1593:
1579:
1576:Numbers 19:7–8
1568:
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1396:
1394:Tevilat Keilim
1391:
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1371:
1366:
1360:
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1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1337:
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1322:
1302:
1300:
1286:
1283:
1264:Waters of Life
1109:netilat yadaim
1086:
1083:
1044:
1041:
1016:
1013:
960:Canticles 5:11
898:, a prominent
887:
884:
876:masoretic text
842:
839:
815:
812:
773:Great Assembly
760:Main article:
757:
752:
701:
696:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
636:
630:
627:
600:
591:
572:
569:
519:Main article:
516:
513:
509:Passover seder
493:Main article:
490:
487:
478:
477:
469:
468:
464:
463:
452:
451:
433:
430:
426:Reform Judaism
413:Shulchan Aruch
349:ritual washing
313:
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310:
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295:
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191:Hefsek taharah
188:
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157:
149:
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137:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
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3141:
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3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Sheva Brachot
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
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3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
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3018:
3006:
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3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
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2948:
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2940:
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2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
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2920:
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2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
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2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:Sifrei Kodesh
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Sheva Brachot
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Role of women
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:Coming of age
2609:
2604:
2597:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Shalom Zachar
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:High Holidays
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:Related boxes
2472:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2442:Relative hour
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:Shomea k'oneh
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:Agrarian laws
2190:
2184:
2183:Homosexuality
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2097:Ritual purity
2094:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1927:Exodus 29:1–4
1923:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1714:Sefer Hasidim
1710:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
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1655:
1653:
1651:
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1643:
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1629:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:Numbers 19:19
1561:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:and the Flood
1330:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1303:This section
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
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1155:
1152:According to
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1148:
1144:
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1128:
1127:New Testament
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:, the phrase
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:ritual purity
1048:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
983:
978:
977:grand washing
973:
970:
969:taharah board
966:
961:
957:
956:Ezekiel 36:25
953:
949:
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818:According to
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651:Past practice
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621:
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616:Rosh Hashanah
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499:According to
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444:And when the
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403:Mishneh Torah
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336:unearthed at
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2952:Four species
2653:
2586:Pidyon haben
2504:
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2490:
2462:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2408:
2401:
2391:Sfeka d'yoma
2389:
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2351:Ikar v'tafel
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2221:Second tithe
2208:
2160:
2153:
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2128:
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2114:
2084:
2075:Noahide laws
2067:
2059:
2051:
2044:Gezel sheina
2043:
2035:
2027:
2007:
1952:
1949:Aryeh Kaplan
1944:
1938:Numbers 8:15
1933:
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1914:
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1891:Aristeas 305
1887:
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1852:
1846:Exodus 30:18
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1309:adding to it
1304:
1288:
1275:
1263:
1260:Aryeh Kaplan
1257:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1190:
1185:
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968:
948:Ezekiel 5:15
944:tahara board
943:
940:
931:
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916:
899:
892:Ecclesiastes
889:
880:sin offering
844:
823:
817:
810:throughout.
807:
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781:
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686:
684:
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659:
640:Temple Mount
632:
624:Hasidic Jews
594:
587:menstruation
580:
574:
562:
555:
546:
540:
498:
470:
459:
453:
445:
438:Hebrew Bible
435:
432:Hebrew Bible
411:
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386:Hebrew Bible
383:
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357:
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348:
342:
333:
322:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3201:Dam betulim
2790:Torah study
2717:Matchmaking
2581:Hebrew name
2576:Zeved habat
2548:Jewish life
2216:First tithe
2110:Handwashing
2086:Yetzer hara
2068:Lifnei iver
2060:Lashon hara
1913:Baraita in
1444:Psalms 26:6
988:רחיצה גדולה
921:Zoroastrian
864:Deuteronomy
831:Deuteronomy
614:and before
529:A medieval
408:Joseph Karo
99:August 2014
3279:Categories
3196:Childbirth
3087:Prenuptial
3005:Honorifics
2722:Engagement
2679:Honorifics
2647:Daily life
2571:Brit milah
2451:Punishment
2358:Marit ayin
2226:Poor tithe
1904:, 14:10:23
1900:Josephus,
1835:Mark 7:3–9
1410:References
1329:Noah's ark
1316:April 2021
1205:synagogues
1197:Septuagint
1186:black wine
1135:Molten Sea
1060:red heifer
1021:Yom Kippur
1015:Yom Kippur
859:red heifer
783:Maimonides
608:Yom Kippur
398:Maimonides
219:Av HaTumah
186:Red heifer
69:newspapers
2416:Testimony
2339:derabanan
2335:De'oraita
2260:Sicaricon
2168:Sexuality
1612:Sophocles
1170:Herodotus
1137:" in the
1029:scapegoat
906:synagogue
853:, was so
820:Leviticus
800:Sephardic
213:Hierarchy
3122:Halakhot
3097:Shidduch
2990:Yahrzeit
2985:Tehillim
2927:Tefillin
2835:Tzedakah
2830:Holidays
2820:Chavurah
2815:Chavrusa
2800:Daf Yomi
2689:Marriage
2618:Upsherin
2486:Passover
2303:beshogeg
2299:Bemeizid
2274:Kil'ayim
2253:Bikkurim
2162:Mechitza
1876:Hesiod,
1768:Berachot
1365:in Islam
1347:See also
1241:sanitary
1237:cleansed
1222:kabbalah
1201:Josephus
1174:Egyptian
965:shrouded
952:lukewarm
825:shechita
687:tzaraath
667:tzaraath
590:Judaism.
543:biblical
364:טְבִילָה
353:ablution
332:Ancient
252:Tzaraath
124:Part of
3246:divorce
3244:Jewish
3082:Ketubah
3062:Chuppah
3048:Judaism
2980:Kaddish
2942:Menorah
2932:Mezuzah
2917:Tzitzit
2912:Machzor
2900:Midrash
2888:Tosefta
2883:Mishnah
2871:Ketuvim
2866:Nevi'im
2825:Chidush
2780:Customs
2757:Divorce
2737:Chuppah
2732:Ketubah
2674:Kashrut
2633:Yeshiva
2506:Kashrut
2492:Shabbat
2210:Terumah
2139:Modesty
2009:Halakha
1915:Shabbat
1763:Beitzah
1636:, 2:217
1268:Genesis
1209:baraita
1158:Kohanim
1122:נַטְלָה
1037:Mishnah
1009:Mishnah
913:Babylon
910:Persian
896:Raavyah
835:non-Jew
804:Mizrahi
644:Masorti
633:Taharah
620:Shabbat
547:tevilah
537:, Spain
507:in the
501:halakha
390:Mishnah
358:Tevilah
345:Judaism
196:Hagalah
83:scholar
3254:Agunah
3235:Tvilah
3230:Mikveh
3216:Purity
3206:Niddah
3175:Yichud
3170:Tzniut
3150:Negiah
3102:Yichud
3067:Erusin
3000:Yizkor
2947:Shofar
2937:Kippah
2922:Tallit
2907:Siddur
2893:Gemara
2878:Talmud
2856:Tanakh
2752:Mikvah
2747:Niddah
2712:Yichus
2707:Tzniut
2638:Kollel
2623:Wimpel
2499:Sukkot
2464:Kareth
2436:Zmanim
2403:Shinuy
2321:Chumra
2307:beones
2305:, and
2292:Aveira
2267:Hallah
2204:Tithes
2155:Yichud
2148:Negiah
2123:Niddah
2116:Mikveh
2019:Ethics
1966:Rabbi
1633:Aeneid
1628:Virgil
1379:Niddah
1374:Mikveh
1277:niddah
1258:Rabbi
1245:taboos
1233:washed
1182:Greeks
1178:Hesiod
1098:Qumran
1079:Niddah
1058:and a
1056:Temple
1033:Azazel
1001:myrtle
936:Prague
932:tahara
901:rishon
847:corpse
769:Talmud
727:niddah
719:niddah
604:minhag
582:niddah
558:mikveh
535:Besalú
531:mikveh
521:Mikveh
505:karpas
394:Talmud
371:, and
369:mikveh
334:mikveh
247:Niddah
224:Midras
181:Mikveh
160:Mikveh
141:
126:Judaic
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2975:Shiva
2962:Death
2861:Torah
2810:Siyum
2805:Shiur
2785:Rites
2365:Neder
2246:Orlah
2239:Demai
1882:, 722
1825:Lev."
1788:16:28
1784:16:26
1618:, 664
1363:Ghusl
1253:semen
1249:blood
1226:yards
1214:Zohar
1166:taboo
1143:Islam
1117:natla
1113:Psalm
1003:, or
868:atone
851:grave
849:, or
748:zavah
744:zavah
739:zavah
735:zavah
731:zavah
723:zavah
714:zavah
706:zavah
699:Zavah
676:Zavah
662:Torah
420:. In
351:, or
338:Gamla
262:Zavah
90:JSTOR
76:books
2337:and
1917:109a
1799:Yoma
1766:6a;
1730:38:5
1616:Ajax
1404:Wudu
1251:and
1218:soul
1180:the
1172:the
1147:wudu
997:rose
808:keri
802:and
792:Keri
788:Keri
777:Ezra
762:Keri
755:Keri
729:and
660:The
596:keri
436:The
392:and
242:Keri
62:news
3259:Get
1801:3:3
1770:8:1
1716:560
1311:.
1262:in
1031:to
775:of
672:Zav
551:zav
460:zav
447:zav
410:'s
381:).
343:In
257:Zav
45:by
3281::
2301:,
1970:-
1951:,
1786:,
1782:,
1641:^
1630:,
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1527:^
1149:.
999:,
985:,
963:en
750:.
694:.
599:).
428:.
400:'
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2000:e
1993:t
1986:v
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1314:(
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80:·
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39:.
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