27:
315:. The rest of the council was recruited from the Norwegian nobility. Only Norwegians were eligible for these places in the Norwegian Riksråd – however, this was also taken to include foreigners who had married a Norwegian. As several of the bishops and commanders of the castles were foreign – mostly Danish, but also some Swedish – the number of Norwegians in the Norwegian Riksråd gradually diminished.
198:, bishops were automatically members. So were the supreme officials (today the "cabinet ministers") while lower ranking "ministers" did not have any formal right to membership. The "backbenchers" of the council took part in daily negotiations of problems and administration, voted, and took on diplomatic tasks. Most of them were squires who also had to look after their lands.
254:. There do not seem to have been any clear rules for how many members the council should have, or who should be councillors. During the 15th century, the number could be from 30 to 40, whereas after 1500 it was barely above ten. The Norwegian bishops were automatically members. There were at the time five bishops in mainland Norway (the archbishop in
350:
union kings conducted a policy of strengthening their own power at the cost of the nobility, and the
Norwegian nobility was too weak to put up a strong opposition. In addition, the few Norwegian noble families became more and more intermarried with the Danish nobility, giving them less of an interest
201:
As a whole, it was the role of the council to rule together with the king, to control him, and to manage the affairs of State well. The councillors were seen as a guarantee towards the nobility (and in theory also towards "the people") that everything was done right. The
Council took over the rule in
219:
The authority of the council was indisputable, and within some limits the kings also tried to co-operate. However most of the kings neglected some of the rules and, for instance, foreign questions presented many loopholes. The many military defeats of the 17th century and especially growing economic
359:
led a rebellion in support of
Christian's rival to the throne. After Christian had won, the Norwegian Riksråd was de facto abolished, in 1536–1537. The archbishop went into exile, the Protestant reformation was carried through in Denmark and Norway, and the Norwegian Riksråd never assembled again.
208:, and in theory it also had to call for a rebellion against kings who did not keep their promises, a right that was used in 1523. However, in the 16th century, it was not quite unusual that the councillors to some degree identified with the State rejecting too extravagant demands from the Danish
424:' policy (the retrieval of land from the nobility). In 1654 1.5% of land was the Crown's and 72% belonged to the nobility. By 1700, 35.5% of land belonged to the Crown and 33% belonged to the nobility. This continued until the end of the Swedish absolutists in 1718 when
294:
in 1468). The bishops from the islands rarely participated in the
Norwegian Riksråd. In addition, the chaplains of the royal chapels in Oslo and Bergen were permanent members. So were the commanders of the five strongest castles of Norway:
186:
seem to have developed from being councillors of the king to being representatives of the magnates and noblemen. From the 1320s it clearly appears as a force, and from the 1440s it was the permanent opponent of royal power, replacing the
215:
The number of councillors was not laid down. Normally it was about 20, but from time to time deaths might reduce their number wherefore it was supplied by mass creations. Not until 1648 was the number of councillors finally fixed to 23.
330:
in 1387, it fell to the Riksråd to interpret the succession laws. This it did so freely that Norway more and more became, in reality, an elected monarchy, like its Nordic neighbours. This was formally affirmed in 1450, when
150:– sometimes translated as the "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century.
326:, the Norwegian Riksråd's task did not, originally include the election of the king, as in Sweden and Denmark. However, as successive kings died without leaving any issue, starting with
220:
problems and conservatism of the nobility also weakened the prestige of the council, and the king gradually tried to strengthen his own influence. At the introduction of
250:
The
Norwegian Riksråd gradually emerged around 1300, evolving from the King's council. It emerged clearly as a power factor after 1319, during the minority of King
231:
was revived in
Denmark in the 19th century. During 1854–1866 it was used for a special federal council dealing with all common legislative questions of Denmark and
235:, and from 1863 of Denmark and Schleswig alone. It had hardly anything else in common with its old namesake other than the title. (The world's first use of the
378:
in Sweden populated by the nobility. The
Swedish nobility often played a prominent role in Swedish history, which both helped and hindered the nation.
519:
609:
316:
614:
604:
335:
took the
Norwegian throne as an elected monarch. On his death, in 1481, the Riksråd ruled the country for two years, in an
91:
63:
242:
The loss of
Schleswig in 1864 made the Rigsrad redundant, and it was abolished by the new constitution two years later.
194:
The
Council consisted of noblemen who were appointed either by the king or their peers on the council. Until the 1536
110:
70:
48:
77:
405:
was crowned in 1594 the Riksråd drafted the Charter of Nyköping which took many of the king's powers. During
323:
212:. The background of this normally was that they themselves represented the Danish answer to the peerage.
202:
the space that appeared by a succession or at interregna. It led negotiations over the creation of a new
59:
44:
240:
177:
406:
352:
236:
436:
369:
165:
37:
379:
332:
195:
551:
496:
425:
351:
in maintaining separate Norwegian structures. During the troubled transition to the reign of
340:
573:
308:
84:
8:
387:
356:
251:
429:
421:
402:
347:
304:
232:
127:
343:
as the new king – a period which could be seen as the height of the council's power.
327:
300:
221:
413:
was alienated (given to nobles) which led to major financial instability in Sweden.
401:
Over the next two centuries the Monarchy and the Riksråd were constant rivals. When
464:
131:
204:
383:
139:
398:
took over the resistance and successfully restored Swedish sovereignty in 1523.
296:
346:
In the early 16th century, the power of the Norwegian council diminished. The
598:
459:
275:
160:) that was de facto abolished by the Danish-Norwegian king in 1536–1537. In
391:
395:
390:
in November 1520, when around 90 nobles were executed by the Danish king
375:
336:
168:
gradually came under the influence of the king during the 17th century.
417:
410:
312:
283:
267:
255:
546:
239:
in an election of legisators was seen in the 1855 Rigsrad election.)
26:
291:
386:
until he was killed in battle in the beginning of 1520. After the
279:
188:
183:
439:, Riksråd, officially was the ruling body of Sweden until 1974.
382:
of the Riksråd led the resistance against the Danish-dominated
287:
271:
209:
161:
151:
491:
520:"Da det norske riket bukket under 1502–1537 - Norgeshistorie"
263:
16:
Councils that ruled Scandinavian countries in the Middle Ages
259:
420:
was Sweden's first absolute monarch who led an immense '
545:Mardal, Magnus A.; Opsahl, Erik (16 October 2021),
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
596:
490:Imsen, Steinar; Opsahl, Erik (1 October 2021),
155:
544:
489:
319:mostly acted as the head of the council.
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:
597:
363:
245:
517:
485:
483:
454:
452:
224:in 1660, the council was abolished.
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
13:
518:Rian, Øystein (25 November 2015).
14:
626:
574:"WHKMLA : History of Sweden"
480:
449:
25:
409:'s reign a large proportion of
36:needs additional citations for
566:
538:
511:
182:The members of the Council of
1:
442:
610:Political history of Denmark
322:As Norway had of old been a
154:had a Council of the Realm (
7:
615:Political history of Norway
605:Political history of Sweden
355:, the Norwegian archbishop
317:The archbishop of Trondheim
10:
631:
367:
178:Council of State (Denmark)
175:
407:Queen Christina of Sweden
376:upper parliamentary house
274:), as well as one in the
303:in Oslo, the castles in
237:Single transferable vote
394:, the Swedish nobleman
370:Privy Council of Sweden
428:was killed during the
333:Christian I of Denmark
156:
555:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
552:Store norske leksikon
524:www.norgeshistorie.no
500:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
497:Store norske leksikon
547:"Stockholms blodbad"
374:The Riksråd was the
172:Rigsrådet in Denmark
148:Council of the State
144:Council of the Realm
45:improve this article
388:Stockholm bloodbath
364:Riksrådet in Sweden
357:Olav Engelbrektsson
252:Magnus VII Eriksson
246:Riksrådet in Norway
460:"rigsråd | lex.dk"
430:Great Northern War
353:King Christian III
339:, before electing
324:hereditary kingdom
233:Schleswig-Holstein
258:, the bishops in
222:absolute monarchy
121:
120:
113:
95:
622:
589:
588:
586:
584:
570:
564:
563:
562:
560:
542:
536:
535:
533:
531:
515:
509:
508:
507:
505:
487:
478:
477:
475:
473:
465:Den Store Danske
456:
159:
142:or English: the
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
630:
629:
625:
624:
623:
621:
620:
619:
595:
594:
593:
592:
582:
580:
572:
571:
567:
558:
556:
543:
539:
529:
527:
516:
512:
503:
501:
488:
481:
471:
469:
458:
457:
450:
445:
384:Union of Kalmar
372:
366:
341:Christian's son
248:
180:
174:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
628:
618:
617:
612:
607:
591:
590:
565:
537:
526:(in Norwegian)
510:
479:
447:
446:
444:
441:
368:Main article:
365:
362:
247:
244:
173:
170:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
627:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
579:
575:
569:
554:
553:
548:
541:
525:
521:
514:
499:
498:
493:
486:
484:
467:
466:
461:
455:
453:
448:
440:
438:
437:Privy Council
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
371:
361:
358:
354:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
286:, and one in
285:
281:
277:
276:Faroe Islands
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
217:
213:
211:
207:
206:
205:haandfæstning
199:
197:
192:
190:
185:
179:
169:
167:
164:the parallel
163:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
581:. Retrieved
577:
568:
557:, retrieved
550:
540:
528:. Retrieved
523:
513:
502:, retrieved
495:
470:. Retrieved
463:
434:
415:
400:
392:Christian II
373:
345:
321:
249:
228:
226:
218:
214:
203:
200:
193:
181:
147:
143:
135:
123:
122:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
468:(in Danish)
426:Charles XII
396:Gustav Vasa
337:interregnum
196:Reformation
599:Categories
578:www.zum.de
443:References
418:Charles XI
411:crown land
380:Sten Sture
176:See also:
101:April 2022
71:newspapers
492:"Riksråd"
422:reduction
403:Sigismund
348:Oldenburg
313:Trondheim
290:(lost to
284:Greenland
282:, one in
278:, two on
268:Stavanger
256:Trondheim
227:The word
157:Riksrådet
136:Rigsrådet
128:Norwegian
124:Riksrådet
60:"Riksråd"
583:24 April
559:24 April
530:24 April
504:24 April
472:24 April
309:Tønsberg
301:Akershus
292:Scotland
146:and the
328:Olav IV
280:Iceland
229:Rigsråd
189:Danehof
184:Denmark
166:Council
132:Swedish
85:scholar
305:Bergen
288:Orkney
272:Bergen
210:gentry
162:Sweden
152:Norway
140:Danish
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
416:King
297:Bohus
264:Hamar
134:) or
92:JSTOR
78:books
585:2022
561:2022
532:2022
506:2022
474:2022
435:The
311:and
260:Oslo
138:(in
130:and
126:(in
64:news
47:by
601::
576:.
549:,
522:.
494:,
482:^
462:.
451:^
432:.
307:,
299:,
270:,
266:,
262:,
191:.
587:.
534:.
476:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.