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326:. The rest of the council was recruited from the Norwegian nobility. Only Norwegians were eligible for these places in the Norwegian Riksråd – however, this was also taken to include foreigners who had married a Norwegian. As several of the bishops and commanders of the castles were foreign – mostly Danish, but also some Swedish – the number of Norwegians in the Norwegian Riksråd gradually diminished.
209:, bishops were automatically members. So were the supreme officials (today the "cabinet ministers") while lower ranking "ministers" did not have any formal right to membership. The "backbenchers" of the council took part in daily negotiations of problems and administration, voted, and took on diplomatic tasks. Most of them were squires who also had to look after their lands.
265:. There do not seem to have been any clear rules for how many members the council should have, or who should be councillors. During the 15th century, the number could be from 30 to 40, whereas after 1500 it was barely above ten. The Norwegian bishops were automatically members. There were at the time five bishops in mainland Norway (the archbishop in
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union kings conducted a policy of strengthening their own power at the cost of the nobility, and the
Norwegian nobility was too weak to put up a strong opposition. In addition, the few Norwegian noble families became more and more intermarried with the Danish nobility, giving them less of an interest
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As a whole, it was the role of the council to rule together with the king, to control him, and to manage the affairs of State well. The councillors were seen as a guarantee towards the nobility (and in theory also towards "the people") that everything was done right. The
Council took over the rule in
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The authority of the council was indisputable, and within some limits the kings also tried to co-operate. However most of the kings neglected some of the rules and, for instance, foreign questions presented many loopholes. The many military defeats of the 17th century and especially growing economic
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led a rebellion in support of
Christian's rival to the throne. After Christian had won, the Norwegian Riksråd was de facto abolished, in 1536–1537. The archbishop went into exile, the Protestant reformation was carried through in Denmark and Norway, and the Norwegian Riksråd never assembled again.
219:, and in theory it also had to call for a rebellion against kings who did not keep their promises, a right that was used in 1523. However, in the 16th century, it was not quite unusual that the councillors to some degree identified with the State rejecting too extravagant demands from the Danish
435:' policy (the retrieval of land from the nobility). In 1654 1.5% of land was the Crown's and 72% belonged to the nobility. By 1700, 35.5% of land belonged to the Crown and 33% belonged to the nobility. This continued until the end of the Swedish absolutists in 1718 when
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in 1468). The bishops from the islands rarely participated in the
Norwegian Riksråd. In addition, the chaplains of the royal chapels in Oslo and Bergen were permanent members. So were the commanders of the five strongest castles of Norway:
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seem to have developed from being councillors of the king to being representatives of the magnates and noblemen. From the 1320s it clearly appears as a force, and from the 1440s it was the permanent opponent of royal power, replacing the
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The number of councillors was not laid down. Normally it was about 20, but from time to time deaths might reduce their number wherefore it was supplied by mass creations. Not until 1648 was the number of councillors finally fixed to 23.
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in 1387, it fell to the Riksråd to interpret the succession laws. This it did so freely that Norway more and more became, in reality, an elected monarchy, like its Nordic neighbours. This was formally affirmed in 1450, when
161:– sometimes translated as the "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century.
337:, the Norwegian Riksråd's task did not, originally include the election of the king, as in Sweden and Denmark. However, as successive kings died without leaving any issue, starting with
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problems and conservatism of the nobility also weakened the prestige of the council, and the king gradually tried to strengthen his own influence. At the introduction of
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The
Norwegian Riksråd gradually emerged around 1300, evolving from the King's council. It emerged clearly as a power factor after 1319, during the minority of King
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was revived in
Denmark in the 19th century. During 1854–1866 it was used for a special federal council dealing with all common legislative questions of Denmark and
246:, and from 1863 of Denmark and Schleswig alone. It had hardly anything else in common with its old namesake other than the title. (The world's first use of the
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in Sweden populated by the nobility. The
Swedish nobility often played a prominent role in Swedish history, which both helped and hindered the nation.
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took the
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The loss of
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The
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was crowned in 1594 the Riksråd drafted the Charter of Nyköping which took many of the king's powers. During
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the space that appeared by a succession or at interregna. It led negotiations over the creation of a new
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in maintaining separate Norwegian structures. During the troubled transition to the reign of
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was alienated (given to nobles) which led to major financial instability in Sweden.
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took over the resistance and successfully restored Swedish sovereignty in 1523.
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In the early 16th century, the power of the Norwegian council diminished. The
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gradually came under the influence of the king during the 17th century.
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until he was killed in battle in the beginning of 1520. After the
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531:"Da det norske riket bukket under 1502–1537 - Norgeshistorie"
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Councils that ruled Scandinavian countries in the Middle Ages
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was Sweden's first absolute monarch who led an immense '
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418:Queen Christina of Sweden
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535:www.norgeshistorie.no
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