672:. Bellomont spent 14 months in New England in 1699 and 1700, spending a few weeks of that time in New Hampshire and the rest in Massachusetts. In Massachusetts he was treated politely, but his attempts to implement the crown's policies ran into trouble, as they had in New York. He was refused a salary by the colonial legislature, although the "gift" of £1,000 he received was more than that typically given to other governors of the province. The legislature also made repeated attempts to limit appeals to London of judicial decisions handed down by provincial courts. Bellomont, as he was required to do, forwarded laws passed by the legislature to the Board of Trade for approval; these laws were repeatedly struck down because of provisions that attempted to limit royal prerogatives. He also sided politically against Lieutenant Governor
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Bellomont at midday the same day. Kidd then attempted to negotiate his freedom, using the secret locations of his treasure and a captured prize ship as bargaining chips. Although a portion of Kidd's treasure was recovered, it did not buy Kidd's freedom, and he was shipped to London in April 1700, where he was tried, convicted, and hanged. In contrast to the relative secrecy with which he conducted some of his communications with Kidd, Bellomont was scrupulous in his dealings with other potentially questionable merchant and pirate business, despite being offered as much as £5,000 to overlook illicit activities.
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I had ever seen". Bellomont's personal affairs were also difficult to tie up: his creditors tried (unsuccessfully) to prevent his wife's departure from the province in order to compel settlement of his personal debts. Bellomont's financial issues were not unique in this respect. Later governors (including Nanfan and
Cornbury) were arrested on charges of malfeasance and personal indebtedness at the behest of their political opponents. New York's debt problems were not resolved until the
38:
518:
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saw through the restoration of
Leisler's properties. There was so much opposition within his council to this that he ended up purging the council of those opposed. Bellomont also approved the exhumation of the remains of Leisler and his son-in-law Jacob Milborne, which had been unceremoniously buried under the gallows from which they had been hanged. He sanctioned a proper burial, and provided an honour guard of 100 soldiers for the service.
705:, the province's founder, and was pursuing them against those landowners. Allen, who had been commissioned governor of the province in 1692, only came to the colony in 1698 to take a direct interest in its affairs. During Bellomont's brief visit to New Hampshire in July and August 1699, Allen attempted to buy him to his side. Allen offered his daughter (with a large dowry) as a marriage match for the earl's son; Bellomont refused the offer.
601:
658:
645:, and even convinced the legislature to appropriate £1,000 for its construction, but the Iroquois were evasive on accepting this "gift", and never showed English engineers suitable locations for a fort. Bellomont's attempts to prevent the Iroquois from dealing with the French were negated by the French military successes of 1700, which brought the Iroquois to a peace council that resulted in the 1701
714:
694:, and the Board of Trade and the Admiralty sought to reserve suitable trees for the crown's benefit. In both provinces, he encountered opposition to entrenched land and timber interests that resented the intrusion of surveyors onto their lands, and interfered with their taking of lumber from lands that had not been granted and were thus reserved to the crown.
683:
orders to all colonial governors to apprehend Kidd. When he was informed by an agent of Kidd's in June 1699 that Kidd was in the area, Bellomont sent a message back to Kidd, promising clemency. Kidd responded that he would come, sending some of his treasures as a present to Lady
Bellomont; she refused them.
833:
Bellomont's rule in New York was not remembered fondly. One political opponent, noting that the provincial debt rose substantially during his tenure, wrote that the memory of
Bellomont "will stink in the nostrills of all good men", and Robert Livingston reported that the debt was "a greater Debt than
755:
He returned to New York in 1700, where he resumed actions against piracy and illegal shipping. Following a conference with the
Iroquois at Albany in early 1700/1 (which Bellomont characterized as "greatest fatigue ever underwent"), he returned to New York City, where he succumbed to a severe case of
742:
Abenaki relations were also complicated by misunderstandings about sovereignty. The
Abenaki viewed themselves as sovereign, while the English believed them to be subjects, either to themselves or to the French. A prisoner exchange involving English held by the Abenaki and Indians held by the English
686:
After Kidd's arrival in Boston on 3 July, Bellomont demanded from Kidd a written account of his travels, which Kidd, after haggling over the time, agreed to deliver on the morning of 6 July. When he did not do so, Bellomont issued a warrant for his arrest. It was executed as Kidd was en route to see
682:
Not long after his arrival in Boston, Bellomont engineered the arrest of
William Kidd. Rumours had reached the colonies that Kidd had descended into piracy, and he came to be viewed by Bellomont and the other high-profile investors in Kidd's ship as a liability. In November 1698 the Admiralty issued
636:
both claimed dominance over the
Iroquois, and each refused to acknowledge the other's right to intercede on their behalf. When Callière summoned the Iroquois to Montreal for negotiations in 1699, Bellomont was alerted, and successfully manoeuvred the Iroquois into not going by sending an emissary to
738:
in 1693. Bellomont engaged in fruitless attempts to convince the eastern
Abenaki to migrate west, where they would come under Iroquois influence; this was unsuccessful, in part because the Abenaki and Iroquois had a history of conflict. Despite these difficulties, he managed to achieve a precarious
640:
In negotiations with the
Iroquois, Bellomont overlooked some of the social elements that Iroquois customs demanded, with the result that the parties ended with differing views of how successful their councils were. Bellomont believed they went well, even though it was fairly clear that the Iroquois
465:
as governor of New York, Leisler was arrested, tried, and executed for treason, and his properties were seized. Leisler's son Jacob Jr. travelled to England to argue the case for restoration of the family properties. Bellomont sat on the Parliamentary committee that examined the evidence, and spoke
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Bellomont denied Dellius and other anti-Leislerians positions of importance in dealing with the Iroquois, resulting in the loss of experienced negotiators. This affected internal Iroquois politics, since supporters of interaction with the English lost influence when their English counterparts were
573:
predictably turned merchants and traders against him. These attempts were also poorly executed by colonial officials whose interests lay more with those merchants than they did with the crown. He raised the anger of Leisler's opponents by implementing the parliamentary act he had helped pass, and
433:
him and seized his lands. As a result of this, William on 2 November 1689 created him Earl of Bellomont, and granted him over 77,000 acres (31,000 ha) of forfeited Irish lands. The land grant was highly controversial in Parliament, and was eventually rescinded by William. He was also rewarded
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One reason for this was his naive assumption that Abenaki concerns were rooted in a French Catholic conspiracy. When English negotiators attempted to separate the Abenaki from their Jesuit missionaries, this upset ongoing trade negotiations, and did nothing to assuage Puritan New England concerns
729:
of northern New England (like the Iroquois in New York) had not been involved in the Treaty of Ryswick that ended King William's War. In the aftermath of the war, they and the settlers of Maine and New Hampshire were extremely mistrustful of one another. The Abenaki felt threatened by settler
581:, Bellomont's predecessor in office, had taken advantage of the long period between Bellomont's appointment and arrival to make some questionable land grants, including extended leases to properties normally allocated for the governor's use, and in territories that were still claimed by the
730:
encroachment on their lands, and English colonists feared a return to significant French-inspired raiding of their settlements. Bellomont issued proclamations to distribute among the Abenaki denying plans to take their lands, but was unable to ease the underlying tensions.
565:
before continuing on to New York. He arrived in New York City on 2 April 1698. Bellomont's stylish dress, good looks, and positive relationship with the king predisposed New Yorkers to like him, but he very quickly ran into difficulties and began making enemies.
494:, both native sons, to replace Phips, but the king, wanting someone who would better represent crown authority, selected Bellomont. Since William wanted someone who could exert authority over more of New England, he was also given the governorships of
637:
Montreal and troops to Albany under Lieutenant Governor Nanfan. The English emissary was unsuccessful in swaying the French from their course of action, and French-allied Algonquians made incursions deep into Iroquois territory in 1700.
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over the activities of "Popish Emissaries" intriguing to make war on them. The colonial legislature passed a law banning Roman Catholics from territory claimed by the province, which included Abenaki territory claimed by Governor Sir
631:
region), and inflicted significant casualties on them. The Iroquois sought the assistance of the English to combat this, threatening to make peace with the French if they did not receive help. Bellomont and French Governor General
318:
until 1698, and spent most of his tenure as governor in New York. He spent a little over a year in Massachusetts, and only two weeks in New Hampshire. His time in New York was marked by divisive politics resulting from
548:
to Kidd for the purpose, as well as a special commission for dealing with pirates. Bellomont raised £6,000 (including £1,000 of his own money, and funds from some of the Lords of the Admiralty) to outfit Kidd's ship.
466:
in Parliament in support of Leisler's case. He strongly stated his view that Leisler and son-in-law Jacob Milborne had been "barbarously murdered" by Sloughter's actions in a letter to Massachusetts colonial agent
385:
Little is recorded of his early years. In 1677 he is known to have killed a man in a duel for the affections of a young lady. He did not marry her, however, and in 1680 he married Catherine, the daughter of
819:
2072:
815:
597:, and others were a specific subject of Iroquois complaints. Even though Bellomont's law was passed, the grantees appealed to the Board of Trade, and the bill never received royal assent.
822:, succeeded in turn as 3rd earl on his elder brother's death. On the 3rd earl's death without surviving male heirs, the earldom became extinct, while the barony devolved on his cousin,
585:. When the provincial assembly passed a law retracting all of these irregular grants, it predictably angered a number of large landowners. Land grants made in Iroquois territory to
862:, then in use in other parts of Europe, dates between January and March were often written with both years. Dates in this article are in the Julian calendar unless otherwise noted.
690:
Matters of frontier security and the lumber trade dominated his brief administration in New England. New England was recognized as an important source of ship masts for the
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1931:
405:
to the English throne, Coote, a Protestant, moved to the Continent and served as a captain of horse in the Dutch army. Because of the family's record of service to
561:, who had been appointed Lieutenant Governor of New York. The voyage was exceptionally stormy, and Bellomont's ship was blown well south, eventually putting into
676:, who was an ally of Joseph Dudley, a Massachusetts native who had presided over the trial of Jacob Leisler. Instead, he took council with the populist leader
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ended war between the French and English in 1697, the French continued to make war on the Iroquois (primarily through their Algonquian allies in the
511:
1590:
The Life and Administration of Richard, Earl of Bellomont, Governor of the Provinces of New York, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, from 1697 to 1701
782:
in 1702. Nanfan, during his brief tenure, reached the peace agreement that eluded Bellomont. In an agreement negotiated later in 1701, the Iroquois
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in 1689, a post he held until 1694. It also drew unfavourable attention in the Irish Parliament. That body, still under the influence of James,
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117:
2957:
2947:
470:. Young Leisler's efforts were successful: Parliament voted to reverse the attainder, and ordered that the family properties be restored.
409:, his absence from court eventually drew the king's attention, and he was summoned back to court in 1687. He was one of the first to join
1996:
1968:
2012:
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on 5 March 1700/01. He was buried in the chapel of Fort William. When the fort was dismantled, his remains were moved to the yard of
725:
The frontier situation that Bellomont encountered during his time in Massachusetts and New Hampshire was somewhat tense, because the
577:
Bellomont's support of the Leislerians proved to be costly, not just in terms of New York politics, but in Indian diplomacy as well.
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331:. Frontier issues were also at the forefront during his time in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where lumber and security from the
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2713:
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350:. Bellomont engineered the arrest of Kidd in Boston, and had him returned to England, where he was tried, convicted, and hanged.
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Bellomont's commissions were not finalized until 1 June 1697. While they were being worked on, New York colonial agent
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negotiators were unhappy with how the discussion had gone. He promised them the construction of a fort at
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970:
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was frustrated when Bellomont believed that it would be sufficient to negotiate with his counterpart in
633:
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2525:
2326:
2314:
2130:
1978:
1960:
1539:
A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire
673:
495:
311:
140:
2138:
835:
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sidelined. This came at a particularly delicate time, when Bellomont was working to strengthen the
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In New Hampshire the timber dispute was overlaid by ongoing disputes between local landowners and
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in 1636. He was the second son, but the first to survive infancy, of Richard Coote, third son of
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1918:
965:
858:, then in use in England, the year began on 25 March. To avoid confusion with dates in the
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25:
8:
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between 1683–89, was an Irish nobleman and colonial administrator who represented
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2688:
2636:
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2611:
2235:
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1730:
The Embattled Northeast: the Elusive Ideal of Alliance in Abenaki-Euramerican Relations
1507:
859:
787:
586:
502:. The major concern that Bellomont was instructed to address was ongoing problems with
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84:
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382:), and he succeeded his father as Baron Coote on the latter's death on 10 July 1683.
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Bellomont sailed for New York in late 1697, accompanied by his wife and her cousin,
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37:
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be its captain. This scheme received the assent of King William, who issued a
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Lieutenant Governor Nanfan acted as New York's governor until the arrival of
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1748:
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830:. He died without male issue, and all of the titles were then extinguished.
701:, a London merchant who had acquired the territorial claims of the heirs of
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2520:
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2474:
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1936:
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525:
363:
339:
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628:
558:
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108:
1509:
The Lord Cornbury Scandal: The Politics of Reputation in British America
786:
putting their westernmost territorial claims (spanning from present-day
517:
2869:
2507:
691:
608:
453:'s son to clear his father's name. Leisler had been a leading force in
425:
to the throne. He was rewarded for this loyalty with an appointment as
328:
280:
449:
from 1688 to 1695. In the 1690s he became involved in the attempts by
2858:
1683:. New York: The Journal of commerce and commercial bulletin. p.
537:
374:, and Mary, daughter of Sir George St George. His father was created
359:
343:
323:, and difficult and ultimately unsuccessful negotiations to keep the
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324:
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791:
726:
718:
332:
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506:, including the open commerce with pirates that went on in
1633:
Puritans and Yankees: The Winthrop Dynasty of New England
1558:
Return to Treasure Island and the Search for Captain Kidd
818:, succeeded to the earldom on his death. His second son
1789:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
1513:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
314:, which he held until his death. He did not arrive in
298:
In 1695, he was given commissions as governor of the
1554:
2998:Members of the Parliament of England for Droitwich
1811:
1630:
1506:
1151:
1149:
652:
378:in 1660 (on the same day as his uncle was created
1861:The Pirate Hunter: The True Story of Captain Kidd
1609:English Colonies in America: The Puritan Colonies
2919:
1733:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
747:to obtain the release of the English prisoners.
1842:Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen
1146:
750:
540:be outfitted to combat piracy, and recommended
461:established by King James. Upon the arrival of
2129:
267:, 1636 – 5 March 1700/01), known as
2115:
1969:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
1637:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
964:
801:
118:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
1492:. Boston: American Education Society. 1841.
401:Following the accession of the pro-Catholic
486:. Colonial agents lobbied to select either
2122:
2108:
1680:History of the city of New York, 1609-1909
1583:
1489:The American Quarterly Register, Volume 13
897:
895:
36:
1997:Governor of the Province of New Hampshire
1816:. University Park, PA: Penn State Press.
1593:. New York: New York Historical Society.
1400:
1398:
159:Governor of the Province of New Hampshire
1726:
805:
798:) under the English crown's protection.
766:
739:peace with the Abenaki in January 1699.
712:
656:
599:
516:
353:
346:was later deemed to have descended into
2993:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
1784:
1755:
1676:
1649:
1421:
1419:
1331:
1329:
1256:
1254:
1190:
1188:
1103:
1101:
1028:
1026:
1007:
1005:
892:
2953:17th-century people from Massachusetts
2920:
1812:Richter, Daniel; Hart, James (2003) .
1699:
1504:
1460:
1458:
1395:
933:
931:
921:
919:
279:from 1688 to 1695. He was a prominent
2943:Governors of the Province of New York
2103:
1857:
1838:
1605:
1555:Clifford, Barry; Perry, Paul (2004).
1535:
909:
907:
620:that had been neglected by Fletcher.
2031:Governor of the Province of New York
1628:
1416:
1326:
1251:
1185:
1098:
1023:
1002:
848:
708:
473:
338:He was a major financial sponsor of
261:Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont
60:Governor of the Province of New York
2958:Colonial governors of New Hampshire
2948:Colonial governors of Massachusetts
1455:
958:
928:
916:
774:yard, location of Bellomont's grave
661:Bellomont's Massachusetts advisor,
130:26 May 1699 – 17 July 1700
13:
904:
611:while Bellomont governed New York.
528:aboard his ship in New York Harbor
327:from engaging in peace talks with
14:
3014:
1887:
668:In May 1699 Bellomont sailed for
2254:
980:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
977:Dictionary of National Biography
589:, the influential pastor of the
482:vacated the governorship of the
2968:Earls in the Peerage of Ireland
1652:The House of Commons, 1660–1690
1467:
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1437:
1428:
1407:
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1368:
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1035:
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993:
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653:Massachusetts and New Hampshire
42:Engraved portrait of the earl,
1677:Leonard, John William (1910).
1654:. London: Boydell and Brewer.
940:
883:
874:
865:
372:Sir Charles Coote, 1st Baronet
1:
2906:indicate acting officeholders
2002:
1756:Palfrey, John Gorham (1875).
1704:. New York: Ayer Publishing.
1480:
826:, who was later also created
810:Coat of Arms of Richard Coote
717:18th century depiction of an
536:proposed to Bellomont that a
484:Province of Massachusetts Bay
335:threat dominated his tenure.
238:5 March 1700 (aged 63–64) or
172:
43:
3003:Burials at St. Paul's Chapel
1650:Henning, Basil Duke (1983).
751:Return to New York and death
569:His attempts to enforce the
300:English overseas possessions
7:
1973:26 May 1699 – 17 July 1700
1787:The Ordeal of the Longhouse
1606:Doyle, John Andrew (1889).
1561:. New York: HarperCollins.
1345:American Quarterly Register
552:
10:
3019:
2131:Governors of Massachusetts
1839:Wills, James, ed. (1842).
1727:Morrison, Richard (1984).
1612:. New York: Holt. p.
1164:Richter and Merrell, p. 52
802:Family, titles, and legacy
358:Richard Coote was born in
153:William Stoughton (acting)
2938:17th-century Irish people
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2461:
2295:
2263:
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2137:
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2079:
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2020:
2009:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1814:Beyond the Covenant Chain
1762:. Boston: Little, Brown.
1505:Bonomi, Patricia (2000).
946:Clifford and Perry, p. 35
889:Clifford and Perry, p. 34
478:The death in 1695 of Sir
434:with the governorship of
390:and the eventual heir to
254:
246:5 March 1701 (aged 64–65)
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35:
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2988:Irish colonial officials
1894:Colonial Governors of NY
1785:Richter, Daniel (1992).
1314:Palfrey, pp. 187, 217–18
841:
838:administration in 1717.
814:Bellomont's eldest son,
634:Louis-Hector de Callière
171:31 July 1699 –
16:MP and colonial governor
1858:Zacks, Richard (2003).
1702:Pine trees and Politics
1700:Malone, Joseph (1979).
1536:Burke, Bernard (1866).
647:Great Peace of Montreal
459:Dominion of New England
2035:1698 – 5 March 1700/1
1864:. New York: Hyperion.
1759:History of New England
1629:Dunn, Richard (1962).
971:"Coote, Richard"
811:
775:
722:
665:
612:
529:
455:the New York rebellion
427:Treasurer to the Queen
376:Baron Coote of Coloony
2983:English MPs 1690–1695
2978:English MPs 1689–1690
2006: 15 August 1699
1903:Parliament of England
1845:. MacGregor, Polson.
1585:De Peyster, Frederick
1296:De Peyster, pp. 47–52
1212:Palfrey, pp. 175, 216
1095:De Peyster, pp. 33–35
1086:De Peyster, pp. 41–42
1050:De Peyster, pp. 31–33
966:Stephens, Henry Morse
809:
770:
716:
660:
603:
591:Dutch Reformed Church
520:
417:of 1688 that brought
398:. They had two sons.
354:Early life and career
176: 15 August 1699
30:The Earl of Bellomont
1919:Member of Parliament
1542:. London: Harrison.
1383:Morrison, pp. 148–51
1365:Morrison, pp. 142–43
816:Nanfan, Lord Coloony
443:Member of Parliament
249:Province of New York
26:The Right Honourable
1953:Government offices
1356:Palfrey, pp. 215–17
1230:Palfrey, pp. 172–75
1221:Palfrey, pp. 176–77
1203:Richter, pp. 208–09
871:De Peyster, pp. 5–6
784:signed an agreement
415:Glorious Revolution
321:Leisler's Rebellion
293:Glorious Revolution
263:(sometimes spelled
2515:Governor's Council
2425:Governor's Council
2346:Governor's Council
2334:Governor's Council
2050:Peerage of Ireland
860:Gregorian calendar
812:
788:Erie, Pennsylvania
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605:Hector de Callière
587:Godfridius Dellius
530:
277:English Parliament
2973:English duellists
2913:
2912:
2098:
2097:
2070:Succeeded by
2063:Earl of Bellomont
2038:Succeeded by
2024:Benjamin Fletcher
2013:William Partridge
2010:Succeeded by
1979:William Stoughton
1976:Succeeded by
1961:William Stoughton
1943:Succeeded by
1927:1688–1695
1871:978-0-7868-8451-3
1823:978-0-271-02299-4
1796:978-0-8078-4394-9
1740:978-0-520-05126-3
1711:978-0-405-11380-2
1661:978-0-436-19274-6
1568:978-0-06-095982-1
1520:978-0-8078-2413-9
1425:De Peyster, p. 57
1323:Malone, pp. 17–20
1305:De Peyster, p. 51
1287:Zacks, pp. 253–54
1278:Zacks, pp. 248–50
1125:De Peyster, p. 44
1068:De Peyster, p. 37
1041:De Peyster, p. 25
1011:De Peyster, p. 24
937:De Peyster, p. 10
828:Earl of Bellomont
824:Sir Charles Coote
772:St. Paul's Chapel
762:St. Paul's Chapel
709:Abenaki relations
674:William Stoughton
625:Treaty of Ryswick
579:Benjamin Fletcher
534:Robert Livingston
474:Colonial governor
411:William of Orange
392:Birtsmorton Court
380:Earl of Mountrath
308:Massachusetts Bay
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141:William Stoughton
97:Benjamin Fletcher
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748:
746:
740:
737:
736:William Phips
731:
728:
720:
715:
706:
704:
700:
695:
693:
688:
684:
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675:
671:
664:
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638:
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621:
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584:
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572:
567:
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543:
539:
535:
527:
523:
519:
515:
513:
509:
508:New York City
505:
501:
497:
496:New Hampshire
493:
492:Joseph Dudley
489:
488:Wait Winthrop
485:
481:
480:William Phips
471:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Jacob Leisler
448:
444:
439:
437:
432:
428:
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365:
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326:
322:
317:
316:North America
313:
312:New Hampshire
309:
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296:
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286:
283:, supporting
282:
278:
274:
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82:
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75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
2963:Coote family
2915:
2903:
2868:
2656:
2579:
2562:
2530:
2513:
2506:
2479:
2466:(since 1776)
2435:
2423:
2416:
2404:
2387:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2088:
2073:Nanfan Coote
2061:
2057:New creation
2056:
2029:
1995:
1990:Samuel Allen
1967:
1939:(1690–1695)
1937:Philip Foley
1930:
1917:
1860:
1841:
1813:
1786:
1758:
1729:
1701:
1679:
1651:
1632:
1608:
1589:
1557:
1538:
1508:
1488:
1469:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1409:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1016:
995:
986:
975:
960:
955:Wills, p. 43
951:
942:
885:
876:
867:
850:
832:
813:
777:
754:
741:
732:
724:
699:Samuel Allen
696:
689:
685:
681:
667:
639:
622:
614:
576:
568:
556:
542:William Kidd
531:
526:William Kidd
512:Rhode Island
477:
457:against the
440:
400:
384:
364:County Cavan
357:
344:privateering
340:William Kidd
337:
297:
268:
264:
260:
259:
195:Succeeded by
188:Samuel Allen
166:
149:Succeeded by
125:
104:Succeeded by
72:1698–1700/01
67:
18:
2933:1701 deaths
2928:1636 births
2794:Saltonstall
2652:W. Washburn
2622:E. Washburn
2570:Lincoln Jr.
2532:Lincoln Sr.
2300:(1692–1776)
2268:(1686–1689)
2142:(1629–1686)
2090:Baron Coote
2041:John Nanfan
1934:(1688–1689)
629:Great Lakes
559:John Nanfan
522:Howard Pyle
419:William III
291:during the
285:William III
183:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
109:John Nanfan
92:Preceded by
81:William III
47: 1888
2922:Categories
2709:Greenhalge
2448:Hutchinson
2437:Hutchinson
2287:Bradstreet
2246:Bradstreet
2236:Bellingham
2226:Bellingham
2186:Bellingham
2094:1683–1701
2067:1689–1701
1481:References
703:John Mason
692:Royal Navy
623:After the
609:New France
407:Charles II
329:New France
281:Williamite
242:1701-03-05
234:1700-03-05
2581:Armstrong
2352:J. Dudley
2340:J. Dudley
2327:Stoughton
2321:Bellomont
2315:Stoughton
2297:Province
2277:J. Dudley
2265:Dominion
2216:T. Dudley
2201:T. Dudley
2181:T. Dudley
2161:T. Dudley
1923:Droitwich
1880:458699383
1805:255455334
1778:257618750
1643:187083766
538:privateer
447:Droitwich
431:attainted
360:Cootehill
273:Droitwich
265:Bellamont
167:In office
126:In office
68:In office
58:12th
2864:Cellucci
2804:Bradford
2759:Coolidge
2699:Brackett
2689:Robinson
2617:Clifford
2612:Boutwell
2526:Sullivan
2418:S. Phips
2406:S. Phips
2309:W. Phips
2241:Leverett
2231:Endecott
2221:Endecott
2211:Endecott
2206:Winthrop
2196:Endecott
2191:Winthrop
2176:Winthrop
2156:Winthrop
2151:Endecott
2043:(acting)
2015:(acting)
1981:(acting)
1963:(acting)
1851:52923744
1832:51306167
1749:10072696
1670:11188387
1599:12854242
1587:(1879).
1577:57246257
1529:37608309
1347:, p. 272
796:Michigan
643:Onondaga
583:Iroquois
563:Barbados
553:New York
500:New York
403:James II
342:, whose
325:Iroquois
304:New York
202:(acting)
143:(acting)
116:2nd
111:(acting)
77:Monarchs
2904:Italics
2881:Patrick
2854:Dukakis
2844:Dukakis
2839:Sargent
2829:Peabody
2819:Furcolo
2729:Douglas
2714:Wolcott
2704:Russell
2647:Claflin
2642:Bullock
2627:Gardner
2587:Everett
2492:Hancock
2487:Bowdoin
2481:Cushing
2475:Hancock
2443:Bernard
2431:Pownall
2412:Shirley
2400:Shirley
2395:Belcher
2139:Colony
1720:4136205
1693:1075554
1622:8606936
1548:4102769
1498:1480639
854:In the
820:Richard
792:Chicago
727:Abenaki
719:Abenaki
423:Mary II
413:in the
368:Ireland
333:Abenaki
289:Mary II
275:in the
222:Ireland
85:Mary II
2891:Healey
2876:Romney
2814:Herter
2789:Hurley
2784:Curley
2769:Fuller
2754:McCall
2739:Draper
2684:Butler
2674:Talbot
2664:Gaston
2658:Talbot
2637:Andrew
2607:Briggs
2602:Morton
2592:Morton
2564:Morton
2558:Eustis
2553:Brooks
2548:Strong
2521:Strong
2502:Sumner
2389:Tailer
2382:Dummer
2376:Burnet
2370:Dummer
2358:Tailer
2282:Andros
2166:Haynes
1929:With:
1878:
1868:
1849:
1830:
1820:
1803:
1793:
1776:
1766:
1747:
1737:
1718:
1708:
1691:
1668:
1658:
1641:
1620:
1597:
1575:
1565:
1546:
1527:
1517:
1496:
836:Hunter
745:Quebec
721:couple
670:Boston
595:Albany
504:piracy
498:, and
348:piracy
310:, and
2886:Baker
2870:Swift
2834:Volpe
2824:Volpe
2809:Dever
2799:Tobin
2774:Allen
2749:Walsh
2734:Guild
2724:Bates
2719:Crane
2632:Banks
2597:Davis
2575:Davis
2543:Gerry
2497:Adams
2364:Shute
842:Notes
2859:Weld
2849:King
2744:Foss
2694:Ames
2679:Long
2669:Rice
2538:Gore
2508:Gill
2453:Gage
2171:Vane
1921:for
1876:OCLC
1866:ISBN
1847:OCLC
1828:OCLC
1818:ISBN
1801:OCLC
1791:ISBN
1774:OCLC
1764:ISBN
1745:OCLC
1735:ISBN
1716:OCLC
1706:ISBN
1689:OCLC
1666:OCLC
1656:ISBN
1639:OCLC
1618:OCLC
1595:OCLC
1573:OCLC
1563:ISBN
1544:OCLC
1525:OCLC
1515:ISBN
1494:OCLC
758:gout
510:and
445:for
421:and
287:and
228:Died
219:1636
216:Born
83:and
2779:Ely
2764:Cox
1685:152
1614:331
790:to
593:in
490:or
394:in
302:of
2924::
2003:c.
1874:.
1826:.
1799:.
1772:.
1743:.
1714:.
1687:.
1664:.
1616:.
1571:.
1523:.
1457:^
1418:^
1397:^
1328:^
1253:^
1187:^
1148:^
1100:^
1025:^
1004:^
974:.
930:^
918:^
906:^
894:^
764:.
649:.
514:.
438:.
366:,
362:,
306:,
295:.
173:c.
44:c.
2123:e
2116:t
2109:v
1882:.
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1834:.
1807:.
1780:.
1751:.
1722:.
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1672:.
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1624:.
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1579:.
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1500:.
244:)
240:(
236:)
232:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
