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571:. Strafford arrived in Ireland in 1633 as Lord Deputy, and at first successfully deprived Boyle of much of his privilege and income. Boyle patiently husbanded forces in opposition to Strafford's Irish program and this successful political manoeuvering by Boyle was an important factor in Strafford's demise. It may be said in defence of Boyle that he would have been quite prepared to work amicably with Strafford, had Strafford not quickly made it clear that he saw Boyle as an "over-mighty subject", whose power must be curbed, if not crushed entirely. Boyle initially made friendly overtures, and tried to establish a family link by marrying his eldest son Richard to Elizabeth Clifford, a niece of Strafford's first wife, but soon abandoned any hope of an amicable relationship.
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38:
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At
Wentworth's trial, Boyle was a key witness, but he did not take any other direct part in the prosecution itself. Unsurprisingly, he was in full support of the condemnation of Wentworth and wholeheartedly approved of his execution: he made a grim entry in his diary: "Lord Strafford was beheaded on
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It is a mistake to see Lord Cork's 'empire' as merely being exclusively confined to the development of the 'Raleigh estates': for instance, his acquisition of the entirety of the town of Bandon was not completed until 1625. Other towns which also form part of Lord Cork's municipal development legacy
249:
It is said by his detractors that unlike many of his other close relatives whom he took great care to commemorate, he took no trouble to have Joan commemorated after her death, leading to the conviction among some that his (in every sense) monumental commemorative endeavours were entirely practical
405:
his chief country abode after purchasing it and turned it into a magnificent residence with impressive gabled ranges on each side of the courtyard. He also built a crenellated outer wall and a gatehouse known as the Riding Gate for the castle. The principal apartments of the castle were decorated
601:
Laud and
Wentworth shared, with King Charles I, the same fate as many others, who at some time in their lives, found reasons to conspire against Boyle: an early demise. With Boyle showing his customary astuteness by putting on a convincing show of politically appropriate response at every crucial
444:
in County Cork, but in fact, the town was planned and built by Henry
Beecher, John Archdeacon, and William Newce. The land on which Bandon was built had been granted by Queen Elizabeth I to Phane Beecher in 1586, and inherited by his eldest son Henry who then sold it to Boyle in November 1618. In
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Such a comparison of these two standpoints is neither exclusively religious nor secular, a factor which perhaps offers some small insight as to how Lord Cork managed to achieve what seems now the extraordinary feat of gaining strong favour at various times with the leaders on either side of the
324:. In the proceedings, Boyle's adversaries seem to have failed to substantiate their accusations. Boyle had somehow managed to secure the attendance of Queen Elizabeth I herself at the proceedings, and he successfully exposed some misconduct on the part of his adversaries.
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Boyle was arrested on charges of fraud and collusion with the
Spanish (essentially accusations of covert papist infiltration, a treasonable offence for an official in Queen Elizabeth I's Protestant civil service) in his office. He was thrown into prison (at least once by
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on 23 June 1588 with just over £27 (equivalent to £9,739 in 2023),as well as a gold bracelet worth £10 (£3,607 in 2023), and a diamond ring (given to him by his mother at her death and which he wore all his life), besides some fine clothing, and his "rapier and dagger".
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on the rather modern ground that she found him repulsive, and again by marrying the future Earl of
Warwick, who was then a penniless younger son, against her father's wishes; but they were soon reconciled and he furnished her with a generous dowry.
612:
From his children, Boyle expected obedience, although he was a genuinely affectionate father, and far more forgiving of opposition from them than from his political enemies. Lady Mary, "my unruly daughter" angered her father by refusing to marry
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delighted in
Wentworth's attacks on Boyle and wrote: "No physic better than a vomit if it be given in time, and therefore you have taken a very judicious course to administer one so early to my Lord of Cork. I hope it will do him good".
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is reported to have said of Lord Cork 'If there had been an Earl of Cork in every province, it would have been impossible for the Irish to have raised a rebellion.' One of Lord Cork's major political allies during the era was
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in 1640 for £5000. The Earl was most delighted with Annery House and the living that came with the estate; he was also delighted that he could easily travel to
Youghal from Bideford. Annery House was left to his sixth son
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129:
in southern
Ireland. Moreover, his sons played an important role in fighting against the Irish Catholic rebellion in the 1640s and 1650s, assisting in the victory of the British and Protestant interests in Ireland.
476:, it is nonetheless recorded that he was "by writ called into the Upper House by His Majesty's great grace", and he subsequently took up the honoured position of an "assistant sitting on the inside of the
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with fretwork plaster ceilings, tapestry hangings, embroidered silks, and velvet. Boyle also had a substantial residence at
Youghal, besides Myrtle Grove, known today as "The College", close to the
1355:
1370:
1307:
Lyttleton, James, 2018 Richard Boyle's patronage of elite architecture, pages 121-148 in The
Colonial World of Richard Boyle, First Earl of Cork. eds David Edwards & Colin Rynne.
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169:
family, and of Joan (15 October 1529 –20 March 1586), daughter of John Naylor, who were married in Canterbury on 16 October 1564. Both his parents are interred in an
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Before completing his studies, Boyle decided "to gain learning, knowledge, and experience abroad in the world" and left London for a new start in Ireland. He arrived in
614:
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An illuminating example of the humiliations to which Wentworth subjected Boyle, was the instance where he forced Boyle to remove his wife's tomb from the choir in
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He was immediately appointed Clerk of the Council of Munster by Elizabeth I in 1600. In December 1601, Boyle brought to Elizabeth the news of the victory near
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Elizabeth famously said: "By God's death, these are but inventions against the young man" and she also said he was "a man fit to be employed by ourselves".
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This turn of events left him obliged to return to London and his chambers at The Temple. At this point, he was almost immediately taken into the service of
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Lord Cork's theopolitical philosophy has been described as 'providentialist' when contrasted with its counterpart which prevailed to the north in parts of
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arrived in Munster with Irish rebels from Ulster, who were joined by locals who had lost land to English settlers. Boyle was forced to flee to
231:. This marriage brought Boyle an estate of £500 a year (equivalent to £134,958 in 2023), which he continued to receive until at least 1632.
1500:
422:
110:(13 October 1566 – 15 September 1643), also known as the Great Earl of Cork, was an English politician who served as Lord Treasurer of the
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p253 The Munster plantation: English migration to Southern Ireland, 1583–1641 By Michael MacCarthy-Morrogh, Oxford University Press, 1986
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250:(in terms of securing his personal objectives) rather than sentimental (her connections being of no direct use to him after her death).
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on 26 October 1620. He then occupied the office of Sheriff from 1625 to 1626. On 26 October 1629, he was appointed as a
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629:. His sons, however, recovered the family estates after the suppression of the rebellion. Boyle's tomb is in Youghal's
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Boyle made an entry concerning Wentworth in his diary: "A most cursed man to all Ireland and to me in particular".
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in about 1592) several times during this episode. He was about to leave for England to justify himself to Queen
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which became his English seat, and in 1637, he laid out a further £20,000 for Temple Coombe Manor, close by in
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Bandon, Boyle founded iron-smelting and linen-weaving industries and brought in English settlers, many from
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410:. Order on the Boyle estates was maintained in 13 castles which were garrisoned by retainers. The town of
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137:, he was the patriarch of the Boyle family through his many prominent descendants, whose titles included
353:, Principal Secretary of State. In 1606 he was appointed as Privy Councillor for Munster and in 1612 as
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juncture. His one serious miscalculation was his failure to anticipate the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
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1310:
Wedgwood, C.V. "Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford-a Revaluation" Phoenix Press reissue 2000
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Boyle erected an elaborate monument to himself, his wives, his mother, and his children in The
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colonisation of Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries, as he acquired large tracts of land in
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in October 1598, and "all my lands were wasted" which once again returned him to poverty. The
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tomb at the upper end of the chancel of the parish church of Preston. His elder brother was
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377:'s estates of 42,000 acres (170 km) for £1,500 (£433,020 in 2023) in the counties of
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Henry Wallop then renewed his prosecution of Boyle. Boyle was summoned to appear at the
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555:. Salcombe, along with Halberton Manor, was also left to his son Francis and his wife
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Lady Sarah Boyle (1609–1633), married Sir Thomas Moore, then after his death married
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on 13 October 1566, the second son of Roger Boyle (d. 24 March 1576 at Preston, near
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on 14 December 1599 during childbirth (the son was still-born). Both were buried in
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1054:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies
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534:. Lord Cork, at the insistence of the Howards, also bought Annery House near
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841:(1619–1642), succeeded under special remainder by his older brother Richard.
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495:(which records employment of over 4,000 people during his lifetime) include
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Boyle was then returned as a burgh commissioner (Member of Parliament) for
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1095:"Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 1625-1678 : her family and friends"
891:
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761:
378:
307:
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652:, calls him an 'epitome of Elizabethan adventurer-colonist in Ireland'.
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720: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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to John Crofton, the Escheator-General. On 6 November 1595, he married
158:
81:
1022:
Concise Dictionary of National Biography, founded 1882 by George Smith
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and his wife Alice Weston, the 1st Earl of Cork had fifteen children:
1341:(Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. p. 23.
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was formally founded in 1613 by him when he received a charter from
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Lord Cork has been described as the "first colonial millionaire".
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upon his death in 1643. Lord Cork had also been left the manor of
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341:, the president of Munster, on Irish affairs. He was knighted at
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927:(107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 898–899.
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The Lismore Papers by Rev A Grosart, 1886, Vol 1 (Boyle papers)
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227:, one of the council to the first President of the province of
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Boyle by this time had been the object of the attacks of Sir
360:
1235:. Vol. 48. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 118.
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in September 1643, having been chased off his lands in the
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Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork and 1st Earl of Burlington
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The Boyle motto is: 'God's Providence is my inheritance'.
1326:
Earlier portrait at the National Portrait Gallery, London
894:
and there is a similar but much larger Boyle monument in
1289:"The Funerary Monuments of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork"
551:
by his friend Thomas Stafford, the illegitimate son of
1379:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 155–156.
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By his second wife, Catherine Fenton, daughter of Sir
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at the time, which is more typically characterised as
433:) on 18 May 1614. He ascended to the Irish Peerage as
1332:
898:. His elder brother John is also buried in the tomb.
192:, England, in 1583. After this he studied law at the
117:
Lord Cork was an important figure in the continuing
518:to see out the rest of his days. He purchased from
223:, the daughter and co-heiress of William Apsley of
984:
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980:
978:
1437:
785:Lady Lettice Boyle (1610–1657), married Colonel
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586:, for alleged misappropriation of the funds of
397:. He made these purchases on the insistence of
1265:The Life and Letters of the Great Earl of Cork
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1038:
1036:
337:In October 1602, Boyle was again sent over by
215:In 1590 he obtained the appointment of deputy
440:Lord Boyle claimed to have built the town of
1253:The Upstart Earl:Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork
925:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood
686:Tomb in St Mary's Collegiate church, Youghal
514:By 1636, Lord Cork had opted to live in the
165:in Kent), a descendant of an ancient landed
1466:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
1033:
905:Boyle's Monument in St. Patrick's Cathedral
1330:
1092:
190:Bennet (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge
36:
1260:
1050:inflation figures are based on data from
736:Learn how and when to remove this message
361:Acquisition of property, rank, and titles
1018:
900:
875:; considered to be the father of modern
681:
464:, and on 9 November 1631, he became the
364:
794:George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare
569:Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
567:The Great Earl's most famous enemy was
276:Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas
1438:
1364:. Vol. 6. 1886. pp. 113–116.
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771:Lady Alice Boyle (1607–1667), married
768:, Kent, England, where he was buried).
609:the Tower Hill, as he well deserved".
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792:Lady Joan Boyle (1611–1657), married
1025:. Oxford University Press. p.
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888:Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal
718:adding citations to reliable sources
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408:Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal
196:in London and became a clerk to Sir
188:. His university education began at
1501:Peers of Ireland created by James I
1334:"Men of Kent and Kentishmen/"
1273:
1019:Smith, George; Lee, Sidney (1920).
851:Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon
814:Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh
253:
177:, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross.
13:
832:Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Lisburne
773:David Barry, 1st Earl of Barrymore
315:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
14:
1517:
1314:
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860:Charles Rich, 4th Earl of Warwick
202:Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer
1371:Cork, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of
1361:Dictionary of National Biography
1345:
1232:Dictionary of National Biography
694:
578:. He was also prosecuted in the
553:George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes
369:Lismore Castle, County Waterford
298:, when there was a rebellion in
1491:Lord high treasurers of Ireland
1461:17th-century Anglo-Irish people
1456:16th-century Anglo-Irish people
1391:A Compendium of Irish Biography
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845:Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery
705:needs additional citations for
133:In addition to being the first
108:Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork
1486:English expatriates in Ireland
1219:Smith, Charlotte Fell (1896).
1105:
1093:Fell Smith, Charlotte (1901).
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1073:
957:
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896:St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
804:Lord High Treasurer of Ireland
637:Boyle's "philosophical" legacy
576:St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
373:In 1602, Richard Boyle bought
1:
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923:Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003).
780:Robert Digby, 1st Baron Digby
268:Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
182:The King's School, Canterbury
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1386:Boyle, Richard, Earl of Cork
839:Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky
822:Lady Dorothy Boyle, married
756:Roger Boyle (1 August 1606,
435:Lord Boyle, Baron of Youghal
7:
1506:Politicians from Canterbury
969:A Cambridge Alumni Database
764:, Ireland–10 October 1615,
631:St Mary's Collegiate Church
522:, for £5,000, the manor of
520:The 3rd Earl of Castlehaven
10:
1522:
1356:Boyle, Richard (1566-1643)
1339:Men of Kent and Kentishmen
971:. University of Cambridge.
922:
787:George Goring, Lord Goring
582:, the Irish equivalent of
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1415:
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1331:Hutchinson, John (1892).
965:"Boyle, Richard (BL583R)"
466:Lord Treasurer of Ireland
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55:
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35:
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23:
1209:Lilliput Press 1998 p.13
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468:. Although he was not a
282:, Chief Commissioner of
262:, Treasurer at War, Sir
200:, Kt., who was then the
1376:Encyclopædia Britannica
1299:: 70–86. Archived from
1276:"The History of Bandon"
1052:Clark, Gregory (2017).
869:(1627–1691), author of
627:Irish Rebellion of 1641
580:Court of Castle Chamber
452:Lord Boyle was created
416:King James I of England
292:Sir William FitzWilliam
1113:The Peerage of Ireland
1111:Lodge & Archdall,
1081:The Peerage of Ireland
1079:Lodge & Archdall,
990:The Peerage of Ireland
988:Lodge & Archdall,
952:The Peerage of Ireland
906:
830:and was the mother of
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370:
184:, at the same time as
70:Plantations of Ireland
59:Lord Treasurer of the
1350:Texts on Wikisource:
1261:Townshend, D (1904).
954:, Dublin, 1789: 150–1
904:
872:The Sceptical Chymist
812:(1615–1691), married
685:
437:on 6 September 1616.
368:
322:Court of Star Chamber
1287:Harris, A.L (1998).
1207:"Diaries of Ireland"
810:Lady Katherine Boyle
714:improve this article
180:Young Boyle went to
42:The 1st Earl of Cork
1481:Irish MPs 1613–1615
1282:on 13 October 2003.
1250:Canny, Nicholas P.
1124:Lyttleton 2018, 130
882:Lady Margaret Boyle
819:Hon. Geoffrey Boyle
796:("the Fairy Earl").
563:Boyle's adversaries
557:Elizabeth Killigrew
236:Mallow, County Cork
186:Christopher Marlowe
1405:Peerage of Ireland
1303:on 16 August 2002.
1222:"Rich, Mary"
1141:on 2 October 2002.
1048:Retail Price Index
907:
688:
474:English Parliament
458:Viscount Dungarvan
429:of 1614, (held at
375:Sir Walter Raleigh
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349:, daughter of Sir
157:Boyle was born at
143:Earl of Burlington
112:Kingdom of Ireland
61:Kingdom of Ireland
16:English politician
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1425:Succeeded by
1274:Bennett, George.
837:Lewis Boyle, 1st
824:Sir Arthur Loftus
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588:Youghal College
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484:Oliver Cromwell
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304:Nine Years' War
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1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Earls of Cork
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1429:
1428:Richard Boyle
1420:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
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1357:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1344:
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1324:
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1318:
1309:
1306:
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1281:
1277:
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1259:
1255:
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1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
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991:
985:
983:
981:
979:
970:
966:
960:
953:
949:
944:
936:
934:0-9711966-2-1
930:
926:
919:
915:
903:
899:
897:
893:
889:
881:
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874:
873:
868:
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861:
857:
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852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
836:
833:
829:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
805:
802:(1612–1698),
801:
798:
795:
791:
788:
784:
781:
777:
774:
770:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:
753:
751:
740:
737:
729:
719:
715:
709:
708:
703:This section
701:
697:
692:
691:
684:
675:
673:
667:
665:
661:
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653:
651:
647:
642:
634:
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628:
624:
619:
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596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Francis Boyle
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
492:
490:
485:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
443:
438:
436:
432:
431:Dublin Castle
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
401:. Boyle made
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
367:
358:
357:for Ireland.
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
328:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Robert Dillon
269:
265:
261:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
234:Joan died at
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
210:
205:
203:
199:
198:Roger Manwood
195:
194:Middle Temple
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
167:Herefordshire
164:
160:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
96:
92:
87:
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1471:Boyle family
1418:Earl of Cork
1416:
1412:New creation
1411:
1389:
1374:
1359:
1338:
1301:the original
1296:
1292:
1280:the original
1266:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1230:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1139:the original
1129:
1120:
1112:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1057:
1021:
989:
968:
959:
951:
943:
924:
918:
885:
870:
867:Robert Boyle
806:(1660–1695).
747:
732:
723:
712:Please help
707:verification
704:
668:
664:Presbyterian
657:
654:
649:
643:
640:
620:
611:
607:
604:
600:
595:William Laud
592:
584:Star Chamber
573:
566:
516:West Country
513:
501:Castlemartyr
493:
489:Piers Crosby
482:
462:Lord Justice
457:
454:Earl of Cork
453:
451:
439:
434:
420:
383:Myrtle Grove
372:
336:
329:
326:
319:
312:
310:for safety.
288:
260:Henry Wallop
257:
248:
233:
214:
206:
179:
156:
135:Earl of Cork
132:
116:
107:
106:
99:(1643-09-15)
56:Other titles
18:
1451:1643 deaths
1446:1566 births
1227:Lee, Sidney
1115:, 1789: 156
1083:, 1789: 153
992:, 1789: 152
948:Lodge, John
892:County Cork
847:(1621–1679)
828:Rathfarnham
762:County Cork
593:Archbishop
505:Charleville
389:(including
381:(including
296:Elizabeth I
244:County Cork
221:Joan Apsley
145:(1664) and
123:plantations
1440:Categories
1422:1620–1643
1244:References
858:, married
726:March 2021
646:Roy Foster
644:Historian
524:Stalbridge
412:Clonakilty
278:, and Sir
175:John Boyle
159:Canterbury
153:Background
82:Canterbury
1135:"Clon.ie"
877:chemistry
648:, in his
509:Doneraile
395:Tipperary
387:Waterford
347:Catherine
284:Connaught
240:Buttevant
217:Escheator
171:alabaster
163:Faversham
88:, England
51:1629–1643
1321:Portrait
766:Deptford
545:Salcombe
536:Bideford
532:Somerset
497:Midleton
478:Woolsack
242:church,
225:Limerick
149:(1756).
141:(1660),
1394:. 1878.
1229:(ed.).
758:Youghal
623:Youghal
472:in the
447:Bristol
425:in the
423:Lismore
332:Kinsale
300:Munster
229:Munster
127:Munster
119:English
931:
660:Ulster
528:Dorset
442:Bandon
393:) and
270:, Sir
209:Dublin
48:Tenure
1225:. In
1065:7 May
910:Notes
865:Hon.
678:Issue
549:Devon
1067:2024
929:ISBN
507:and
470:Peer
456:and
379:Cork
308:Cork
94:Died
86:Kent
75:Born
1388:".
1373:".
1358:".
1046:UK
1027:133
826:of
716:by
547:in
526:in
480:."
385:),
125:in
1442::
1337:.
1297:13
1295:.
1291:.
1097:.
1056:.
1035:^
997:^
977:^
967:.
890:,
760:,
674:.
666:.
633:.
590:.
559:.
511:.
503:,
499:,
491:.
449:.
418:.
334:.
317:.
274:,
266:,
246:.
204:.
114:.
84:,
1384:"
1369:"
1354:"
1269:.
1256:.
1101:.
1069:.
1029:.
937:.
879:.
862:.
834:.
816:.
789:.
782:.
739:)
733:(
728:)
724:(
710:.
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