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despised, racked with pain and hunger while he was on earth; but when he died, angels carried his soul to the abode of the just, where he received consolation." However the rich man who when on earth, "led what was apparently a magnificent life. He was esteemed and honoured, surrounded by flatterers, waited on by a host of servants, clad in costly clothes, and he feasted luxuriously every day. But all this magnificence lasted only a short time. He died and was lost for ever, and has been for centuries suffering unspeakable torments."
193:"There was a certain rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and fared sumptuously every day. But there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, full of sores, who was laid at his gate, desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table. Moreover the dogs came and licked his sores. So it was that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels to Abraham's bosom. The rich man also died and was buried. And being in torments in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.
196:"Then he cried and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.' But Abraham said, 'Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things; but now he is comforted and you are tormented. And besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, so that those who want to pass from here to you cannot, nor can those from there pass to us.'
199:"Then he said, 'I beg you therefore, father, that you would send him to my father's house, for I have five brothers, that he may testify to them, lest they also come to this place of torment.' Abraham said to him, 'They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.' And he said, 'No, father Abraham; but if one goes to them from the dead, they will repent.' But he said to him, 'If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rise from the dead.' "
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1278:, its knights originally being lepers themselves. According to the modern-day order's official international website, "From its foundation in the 12th century, the members of the Order were dedicated to two ideals: aid to those suffering from the dreadful disease of leprosy and the defense of the Christian faith." Sufferers of leprosy regarded the beggar Lazarus (of Luke 16:19â31) as their patron saint and usually dedicated their hospices to him.
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2124:'It is quite plausible that a version of the Egyptian and Jewish story was current in first-century Palestine and that Jesus would have known it. Thus...he could have borrowed the two motifs from it. On the other hand, he may well have known other stories which used one of both motifs. He could have known the motifs without consciously borrowing them from any one particular story.' Richard Bauckham,
452:. The Rich Man is identified as the Sadducees on similar lines as Cox, noting the Rich Man's wearing of purple and fine linen, priestly dress and identifying his five brothers as the five sons of Annas. Proponents also note that Abraham's statement that "If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, if one rise from the dead." fits the Sadducees' rejection of the
2388:"And he cried it, how he cried it, from the housetops!âthe wealth of Dives jostling the want of Lazarus, Trotty Veck's humble dish of tripe made humbler by Sir Joseph Bowley's opulent cheque-book; above all, Scrooge, who, obliged to subscribe to the prisons and the Poor Law, shut his eyes to the conditions of those ghastly institutions,..." The
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place where the soul can be and has no peace, and it cannot be corporeal. Therefore it seems to me, this hell is the conscience, which is without faith and without the Word of God, in which the soul is buried and held until the day of judgment, when they are cast down body and soul into the true and real hell. (Church Postil 1522â23)
580:, and is not definitive teaching on the intermediate state for several reasons. Nicene creed denominations of Christianity contend, however, that such views had no supporters or traditions supporting the mortality of the soul in the early years of Christianity and only arose after the end of the Middle Ages. In
2098:,...bears an uncanny resemblance to Luke 16. Unfortunately, the resemblance is so uncanny because the passage is based on Luke 16. The author is not Josephus but the 4th Century Bishop Hippolytus. At some point, a copying error confused the names and the mistake was not discovered until recently.' Steven Cox, '
492:, and religion was a matter of no consideration with him. His only thought was how to lead a pleasant life, and he neither troubled himself about the future, nor believed in a coming Redeemer. He led a life without prayer, without fear of hell or desire for heaven, a life without grace and without God."
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Historically within
Christianity, the begging Lazarus of the parable (feast day 21 June) and Lazarus of Bethany (feast day 29 July) have sometimes been conflated, with some churches celebrating a blessing of dogs, associated with the beggar, on 17 December, date previously associated with Lazarus of
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of
Damascus, Abraham's servant. In Genesis 15âa foundational covenant text familiar to any first century JewâGod says to Abraham "this man will not be your heir" (Gen 15:4). Perry argues that this is why Lazarus is outside the gates of Abraham's perceived descendant. By inviting Lazarus to Abraham's
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in the
Companion Bible cited Lightfoot's comment, and expanded it to include coincidence to lack of belief in the resurrection of the historical Lazarus (John 12:10). Bullinger considered that Luke did not identify the passage as a "parable" because it contains a parody of the view of the afterlife:
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In any case, has used to construct a new story, which as a whole is not the same as any other extant story. ... comparison with the way they function in other stories can help to highlight their function in the parable. In this sense, the parallels and contrasts with the
Egyptian and Jewish story
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Therefore we conclude that the bosom of
Abraham signifies nothing else than the Word of God, ... the hell here mentioned cannot be the true hell that will begin on the day of judgment. For the corpse of the rich man is without doubt not in hell, but buried in the earth; it must however be a
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are sometimes chanted as the deceased is taken from church to burial, including this supplication: "Chorus angelorum te suscipiat ... et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam habeas requiem" (May the ranks of angels receive you ... and with
Lazarus, who was once poor, may you have eternal rest").
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The
Catholic German theologian Friedrich Justus Knecht (d. 1921), states that this parable gives "a glimpse of the future state, both for our consolation and as a warning." Because after this life there is "a life where everything is quite different from what it is on earth. Lazarus was poor,
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both treat it as a "parable". Proponents of this view argue that the story of
Lazarus and the rich man has much in common with other stories which are agreed-upon parables, both in language and content (e.g. the reversal of fortunes, the use of antithesis, and concern for the poor).
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Supporters of this view point to a key detail in the story: the use of a personal name (Lazarus) not found in any other parable. By contrast, in all of the other parables Jesus refers to a central character by a description, such as "a certain man", "a sower", and so forth.
1166:, is a setting of the dialog between Abraham and the rich man dating to the 1620s. It is notable for its virtuosic text-painting of the flames of hell, as well as being an important example of the "dialog" as a step towards the development of the
1672:"doesn't add anything new to the general folk belief about fortunes being reversed in a future life. If it's a parable, that means once again that we should take it as picture language about something that was going on in Jesus' work" p. 201
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Any one may see, how Christ points at the infidelity of the Jews, even after that himself shall have risen again. From whence it is easy to judge what was the design and intention of this parable. (From the Talmud and
Hebraica, Volume
1271:. The Order of Saint Lazarus is one of the most ancient of the European orders of chivalry, yet is one of the less-known and less-documented orders. The first mention of the Order of Saint Lazarus in surviving sources dates to 1142.
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contains the lines: 'To say: "I am
Lazarus, come from the dead,/Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all"' in reference to Dives' request to have Beggar Lazarus return from the dead to tell his brothers of his fate.
1007:, Ishmael describes a windswept and cold night from the perspective of Lazarus ("Poor Lazarus, chattering his teeth against the curbstone...") and Dives ("...the privilege of making my own summer with my own coals").
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For a discussion of the conflation of the Luke 16 Lazarus and the John 11 Lazarus, see R.M. Bredenhof, "Looking for Lazarus: Assigning Meaning to the Poor Man in Luke 16.19â31", New Testament Studies 66 (2020), pp.
1848:"et c'est cet endurcissement que Jésus prédit quand il dit que du moment qu'ils n'écoutent ni Moïse ni les prophÚtes ils n'écouteront pas d'avantage quelqu'un qui viendrait de l'autre monde". Drioux Claude-Joseph
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For a review of ancient and contemporary interpretations of the name 'Lazarus', see R.M. Bredenhof, "Looking for Lazarus: Assigning Meaning to the Poor Man in Luke 16.19â31", New Testament Studies 66 (2020), pp.
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The story appeared as an English folk song whose oldest written documentation dates from 1557, with the depiction of the afterlife altered to fit Christian tradition. The song was also published as the
937:: "I never see thy face," he says "but I think upon hell-fire and Dives that lived in purple; for there he is in his robes, burning, burning" (III, 3, 30â33). When recalling the death of Falstaff in
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on his 1947 album "Josh White â Ballads And Blues Volume 2". The lyrics contain the recurring refrain "Dip your finger in the water, come and cool my tongue, cause I'm tormented in the flame".
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418:, and from the connection of Abraham saying the rich man's family would not believe even if the parable Lazarus was raised, to the priests' failure to believe in the resurrection of Christ:
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as well as their disbelief in a resurrection of the dead. This explanation was popularized in France in the 1860sâ1890s by its inclusion in the notes of the pictorial Bible of
2017:â When rightly divided, the scriptures support annihilationism; the belief that the wicked will be "destroyed" in the Lake of Fire. â cupofwrath.com. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
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The traditional US gospel song "Dip Your Fingers In The Water" has been recorded in various versions by a number of artists, notably by folk singer and civil rights activist
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See R.M. Bredenhof, Failure and Prospect: Lazarus and the Rich Man (Luke 16:19â31) in the Context of Luke-Acts (LNTS 603; London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2019), pp. 5-10.
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The parable teaches in this particular case that both identity and memory remain after death for the soul of the one in a hell. Most Christians believe in the
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1853 p343 "Many expositors have thought they discovered, in this story, a real history, and referred it to the family of Annas and his son-in-law, Caiaphas,"
2242:, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, p. 200, English trans of 3rd edn, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions)
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the description of Lazarus in heaven ("into Abraham's bosom") is parodied as "He's in Arthur's bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's bosom." (II. 3, 7â8)
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sent to the leper hospitals to be treated. The order established 'lazar houses' across Europe to care for lepers, and it was well supported by other
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The story was often shown in art, especially carved at the portals of churches, at the foot of which beggars would sit (for example at
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La Capella Ducale; Musica Fiata/Roland Wilson rec. live, 26 October 2007, Hauptkirche St. Nikolai, Hamburg, Germany. DDD CPO 777369-2
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taught that the story was a parable about rich and poor in this life and the details of the afterlife not to be taken literally:
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bosom, Jesus is redefining the nature of the covenant. It also explains why the rich man assumes Lazarus is Abraham's servant.
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to send Lazarus from his bosom to warn the rich man's family from sharing his fate. Abraham replies, "If they do not listen to
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2643:, official international website of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Retrieved on 2009-09-14.
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It is not called a parable because it cites a notable example of the Pharisee's tradition which had been brought from Babylon.
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The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper: Including the Series Edited with Prefaces, Biographical and Critical
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which argues that Lazarus and the rich man is literally true (whilst the language used by them could have been figurative).
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763:(Italian for "banquetter") is also used as a proper name. Both descriptions appear together, but not as a proper name, in
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of the righteous, fiery torment for the souls of wicked, and a chasm between them. He equates the fires of Hades with the
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References to Dives and Lazarus are a frequent image in socially conscious fiction of the Victorian period. For example:
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is a Latin paraphrase of the Luke text, set as an oratorio for 2 sopranos, tenor, bass; for private performance in the
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We have in fact one of the cases where the background to the teaching is more probably found in non-biblical sources.
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theologian Simon Perry has argued that the Lazarus of the parable (an abbreviated transcript of "Eleazer") refers to
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Ninety-nine Homilies of S. Thomas Aquinas Upon the Epistles and Gospels for Forty-nine Sundays of the Christian Year
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and others view the story not as a parable, but as an actual event which was related by Jesus to his followers.
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This article is about the parable from the Gospel of Luke. For the account from the Gospel of John, see
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All the People in the Bible: An A-z Guide to the Saints, Scoundrels, and Other Characters in Scripture
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Knecht also reflects on why the rich man was condemned writing: "Because he was a sensual man, an
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There are different views on the historicity and origin of the story of the Rich Man and Lazarus.
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From the History of Artistic Interpretations of the Biblical Story about the Lazarus Resurrection
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Resurrecting Interpretation: Technology, Hermeneutics and the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus
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Bottom panel: The rich man's soul is carried off by Satan to Hell; the rich man is tortured in
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and Provence might be indicative of such a conflation. For example, at the west portal of the
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Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, 1913â1976, Volume 4: 1952â1957
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do not make any direct reference to the story, the introduction to the Oxford edition of the
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and see the story as consistent with it, or even refer to it to establish these doctrines as
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Other Christians consider that this is a parable created by Jesus and told to his followers.
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Steven Cox highlights other elements from Jewish myths that the parable could be mimicking.
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Middle panel: Lazarus' soul is carried to Paradise by two angels; Lazarus in Abraham's bosom
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alludes to the story while insulting his friend Bardolph about his face, comparing it to a
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2392:: Christmas books â p. vi Charles Dickens, illustrated by Phiz, Hablot Knight Browne, 1998
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DECREE on the Celebration of Saints Martha, Mary and Lazarus in the General Roman Calendar
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observes that "Dives and Lazarus lived differently, and their rewards were different."
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A Selection of Shape-note Folk Hymns: From Southern United States Tune Books, 1816â61
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homo quidam erat dives et induebatur purpura et bysso et epulabatur cotidie splendide
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See many other examples in Lightfoot vol. xii. pp. 159â68 (Companion Bible, p. 1488)
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The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations
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for "the rich man") is treated as his proper name: Dives. In Italy, the description
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and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead."
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The order was initially founded as a leper hospital outside the city walls of
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Leper Knights: The Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem in England, c. 1150â1544
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The story is unique to Luke and is not thought to come from the hypothetical
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is itself thrown into the "lake of fire" after being emptied of the dead.
572:, argue that this is a parable using the framework of Jewish views of the
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2362:"Lazar and Dives lyveden diversly, And divers gerdon hadden they therby."
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Stephen Gencarella Olbrys, "Money talks: folklore in the public sphere".
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1980 pp. 12â16 for extended discussion of the Dives and Lazarus imagery.
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La Bible populaire: hist. illustrée de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament.
1218:(1939) on this folk song, and also used an arrangement as the hymn tune
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1122: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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273: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The order was originally established to treat the virulent disease of
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The fate of the dead: studies on the Jewish and Christian apocalypses
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The fate of the dead: studies on the Jewish and Christian apocalypses
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Vom reichen Mann und armen Lazarus: eine literargeschichtliche Studie
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The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Gospel of Luke
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was derived from Jewish stories that had developed from an Egyptian
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The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Gospel of Luke
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2621:(Rochester, NY: Boydell) 2003; Chapter 1 gives the general history.
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The Gothic Image: Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century
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Thaten und Lehren Jesu: mit ihrer weltgeschichtlichen Beglaubigung
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Christ that each day, each night, nails there, have mercy on usâ
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In the Latin liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, the words of
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Not Giving Heed to Jewish Fables (2): Abraham in the Underworld
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Not Giving Heed to Jewish Fables (2): Abraham in the Underworld
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Also note: '...a passage from Whiston's edition of Josephus,
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is not actually a name, but instead a word for "rich man",
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The story was frequently told in an elaborated form in the
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2515:"The Oxford Book of Ballads, No. 109, Dives and Lazarus"
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CONGREGATIO DE CULTU DIVINO ET DISCIPLINA SACRAMENTORUM
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Companion Bible p. 1489, citing "Lightfoot xii, 159â63"
1540:, De pascha computus 17 (CSEL 3/3.265), spelled Finaeus
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in 1940. The poem is dark, full of the disillusions of
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Some Christians believe in the mortality of the soul ("
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1978:"The Rich man and Lazarus and the intermediate state"
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Friedrich Justus Knecht: a parable of the future life
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1821:(2nd ed.). Staffordshire: Biblia. p. 495.
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At the feet of the Starved Man hung upon the Cross.
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Legacy in Early Christianity and Medieval tradition
751:In some European countries, the Latin description
651:of the rich and the poor man can be instructive...
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399:Illustration of Lazarus at the rich man's gate by
2538:. Oxford University Press (London, 1980), p. 278.
2467:, Second Reissue, Oxford University Press, 2008,
2199:The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God
2112:The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God
1612:. Translated by Sister Marie Liguori Ewald. 1966.
1082:Under the Rain the sore and the gold are as one.
1042:He scorns them now, but oh they'll suit full well
775:who was clothed in purple and fine linen and who
590:
3823:
2700:. New York: Benziger Brothers. pp. 472â474.
2574:Philip Reed, Mervyn Cooke, and Donald Mitchell,
2005:â Tentmaker Ministries. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
1949:"Irenaeus. Against Heresies: Book II, ch. XXXIV"
1837:The parables of Jesus: explained and illustrated
1774:The parables of Jesus: explained and illustrated
356:
238:
410:(1602â1675) treated the parable as a parody of
3078:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
1629:
1251:The Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem is an
1038:Rich Lazarus! richer in those gems, thy tears,
3522:
2742:
2512:
2502:Arber, Registers of the Company of Stationers
2323:Vol. 116, No. 3 (December 2005), pp. 292-310.
2213:"Against Plato, On the Cause of the Universe"
786:period, treating it as factual rather than a
164:, perhaps because of its vivid account of an
1033:in 1646 entitled, "Upon Lazarus His Tears":
2513:Quiller-Couch, Arthur Thomas, ed. (2001) .
2500:, Part IV, 1886; referring to (inter alia)
2310:Drioux C.J. La Bible populaire. Paris, 1864
2085:, Vol. 8 (New York: Abingdon Press), p. 290
902:
444:The parable has also been interpreted as a
3529:
3515:
3073:New Testament places associated with Jesus
3068:Historical background of the New Testament
2749:
2735:
1916:
1914:
1413:
1411:
1409:
725:Fresco of Lazarus and the Rich Man at the
510:A depiction of the rich man in torment by
391:Lightfoot: a parable against the Pharisees
2599:"Josh White â Ballads And Blues Volume 2"
2441:Benjamin Britten: The spiritual dimension
1816:
1138:Learn how and when to remove this message
709:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:Learn how and when to remove this message
58:Top panel: Lazarus at the rich man's door
3400:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
2498:The English and Scottish popular Ballads
2346:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
1905:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture
1900:"The Parable of Dives and Lazarus"
1681:
1473:
1417:
1377:. The rich man was also given the names
854:, "God is my help") also appears in the
808:
720:
505:
394:
215:
175:
3867:Christian saints from the New Testament
2668:
2629:
2627:
1920:
1911:
1785:
1616:
1500:
1406:
1177:" (the wicked rich man) also known as "
180:Detail from the prefatory cycle to the
3824:
2686:
2263:1 (2014 7) 20-29, accessed 2 July 2018
2096:A Discourse to Greeks Concerning Hades
1976:Vann, Jefferson (September 17, 2012).
1160:Dialogus divites Epulonis cum Abrahamo
1044:With the purple he must wear in hell.
3536:
3510:
2730:
2698:Meditations For Every Day In The Year
2693:"The Rich Glutton and Lazarus."
2547:
2348:63 No. 364 (July 1933), pp. 3â5, 8â11
2344:Richard Hamann, "Lazarus in Heaven".
2272:
1861:
495:
53:, illumination from the 11th-century
2675:"Homily II: Dives and Lazarus"
2624:
2313:
1975:
1788:"The Rich Man, Lazarus, and Abraham"
1560:
1120:adding citations to reliable sources
1091:
691:adding citations to reliable sources
662:
271:adding citations to reliable sources
242:
188:leaf M.521 (recto), English c. 1160s
2536:The works of Ralph Vaughan Williams
1886:Friedrich Justus Knecht (In German)
1658:The IVP Bible Background Commentary
1477:The Gospel According to Luke (I-IX)
1421:The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary
1241:Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem
1012:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
548:") only. This view is held by some
374:Luther: a parable of the conscience
13:
3391:(traditional maternal grandfather)
3385:(traditional maternal grandmother)
2662:
2358:The Summoners's Prologue and Tale
2261:, Humanities & Social Sciences
2169:The Rich Man, Lazarus, and Abraham
1682:Jeremias, Joachim (January 1998).
1474:Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1995-03-01).
1321:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
1215:Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus
842:Conflation with Lazarus of Bethany
464:Perry: a parable of a new covenant
211:
23:. For the traditional ballad, see
14:
3883:
2705:
2444:, Oxford University Press, 2006,
1963:"E.W. Bullinger on Luke 16:19â31"
1418:Hultgren, Arland J (2002-01-01).
1040:Than Dives in the robes he wears:
875:iconography carved on portals in
595:
27:. For other uses of Lazarus, see
3842:Angelic apparitions in the Bible
3491:
3490:
1897:Friedrich Justus Knecht (1910).
1831:Friedrich Gustav Lisco, (trans.
1768:Friedrich Gustav Lisco, (trans.
1152:Vater Abraham, erbarme dich mein
1096:
794:of lepers. In the 12th century,
667:
247:
44:
3397:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
2656:, The Boydell Press 2003, p. 11
2646:
2611:
2591:
2568:
2541:
2528:
2506:
2487:
2478:
2455:
2432:
2417:
2395:
2382:
2366:
2351:
2338:
2326:
2304:
2294:
2266:
2245:
2233:
2219:
2205:
2179:
2160:
2139:
2118:
2088:
2075:
2062:
2049:
2037:
2020:
2008:
1995:
1969:
1955:
1941:
1921:Barclay, William (1999-02-01).
1890:
1879:
1855:
1842:
1825:
1810:
1794:
1779:
1762:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1702:
1675:
1662:
1650:
1640:
1602:
1593:
1587:Multiple sources summarized at
1536:18.91), spelled Finees; and in
1393:) in the 3rd and 4th centuries.
1107:needs additional citations for
678:needs additional citations for
529:, an Early Church father, did.
440:A parable against the Sadducees
258:needs additional citations for
148:Along with the parables of the
3101:Quest for the historical Jesus
1581:
1554:
1543:
1526:
1494:
1467:
1438:
1353:
869:Bethany in Roman Catholicism.
591:Literary provenance and legacy
454:Prophetical books of the Bible
1:
2548:Music, David W (2005-01-01).
2464:The Oxford Book of War Poetry
2176:: Printland Publishers, 2000)
1341:
846:The name "Lazarus" (from the
790:. Lazarus was venerated as a
357:As a parable created by Jesus
239:As a literal historical event
1868:. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock
1610:The Homilies of Saint Jerome
1193:a German sacred concerto by
1049:Dives and Lazarus appear in
224:of the Rich man and Lazarus.
113:(also called the parable of
7:
3647:New Wine into Old Wineskins
2401:Herman Melville, Moby-Dick
2259:Siberian Federal University
1852:Hachette, Paris 1864 p. 497
1532:Fitzmyer IX, Ad populum I (
1446:"Luke, chapter 16 verse 19"
1304:
1212:based his orchestral piece
1087:
865:four days after his death.
10:
3888:
3051:Five Discourses of Matthew
2406:, Penguin Classics, 2003,
2390:Oxford Illustrated Dickens
1817:Whittaker, H. A. (1989) .
1269:Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
1244:
499:
55:Codex Aureus of Echternach
25:Dives and Lazarus (ballad)
18:
3837:Afterlife in Christianity
3791:
3770:
3757:Wise and Foolish Builders
3657:Pharisee and the Publican
3544:
3486:
3418:
3337:
3263:
3186:
3143:
3086:
3016:
2782:
2764:
2756:
2273:Losch, Richard R (2008).
1450:The Bible â Latin Vulgate
959:a tale of Manchester life
895:, and the portals of the
90:
80:
70:
43:
36:
3852:Eschatology in the Bible
3771:Non-canonical / disputed
3278:In comparative mythology
2015:What Happens When I Die?
2003:Lazarus and the Rich Man
1819:"Studies in the gospels"
1080:On Dives and on Lazarus:
903:In literature and poetry
891:, the central portal at
779:sumptuously every day".
636:The Rich Man and Lazarus
3762:Workers in the Vineyard
3431:Interactions with women
2682:. Church Press Company.
2580:, Boydell Press, 2008,
2083:The Interpreter's Bible
1336:The Sheep and the Goats
1263:in the 12th century by
519:immortality of the soul
171:
3441:Mary, sister of Martha
3061:Oral gospel traditions
2414:, Chapter 2, pp. 11â12
2028:The Gospel of St. Luke
1247:Order of Saint Lazarus
1210:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1195:Johann Philipp Förtsch
1189:of Rome in the 1640s.
1085:
1047:
881:Church of St. Trophime
822:Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
813:
804:Order of Saint Lazarus
730:
653:
646:is less sure, adding:
616:
558:Seventh-day Adventists
514:
437:
425:
414:belief concerning the
404:
388:
282:"Rich man and Lazarus"
225:
209:
189:
102:Order of Saint Lazarus
3168:Life of Christ Museum
3163:Life of Christ in art
1924:The Parables of Jesus
1862:Perry, Simon (2012).
1369:, in the text of the
1359:The traditional name
1255:that originated in a
1208:in the 19th century.
1071:
1035:
812:
724:
648:
599:
509:
433:
420:
398:
383:
219:
191:
179:
3672:Rich man and Lazarus
2984:Sayings on the cross
2942:Entry into Jerusalem
2279:. pp. 255â256.
2055:I. Howard Marshall,
1965:. 23 September 2014.
1709:volume IV: pp. 17â32
1688:. pp. 123â125.
1685:Die Gleichnisse Jesu
1561:MĂąle, Ămile (1961).
1424:. pp. 110â118.
1259:hospital founded by
1116:improve this article
1074:Still falls the Rain
800:Kingdom of Jerusalem
687:improve this article
630:,âsuggest the basic
618:Some scholarsâe.g.,
267:improve this article
111:rich man and Lazarus
3742:Unforgiving Servant
3717:Tree and its Fruits
3473:Race and appearance
3411:(traditional uncle)
3317:Jesus the Splendour
2959:Agony in the Garden
2874:Sermon on the Mount
2494:Francis James Child
1801:Johann Nepomuk Sepp
1727:2007 edition p. 176
1261:Knights Hospitaller
1191:Mensch, was du tust
1031:Steps to the Temple
921:William Shakespeare
582:Revelation 20:13â14
562:Jehovah's Witnesses
534:Christian mortalism
523:particular judgment
3872:Lazarus of Bethany
3632:Master and Servant
3567:Drawing in the Net
3458:Rejection of Jesus
3135:Christ myth theory
2952:Farewell Discourse
2715:Purple and Poverty
2639:2012-07-01 at the
2251:Gavrilova, L. V.,
2192:2012-02-22 at the
2145:Richard Bauckham,
2105:2012-02-22 at the
1927:. pp. 92â98.
1714:2010-10-11 at the
978:Although Dickens'
897:cathedral of Autun
863:Lazarus of Bethany
850:: ŚŚŚąŚŚš, ElÊżÄzÄr,
814:
746:Book of Revelation
734:Hippolytus of Rome
731:
607:I. Howard Marshall
515:
496:Afterlife doctrine
405:
226:
190:
21:Lazarus of Bethany
3862:Parables of Jesus
3819:
3818:
3752:Wicked Husbandmen
3637:Mote and the Beam
3562:Counting the cost
3545:Canonical Gospels
3538:Parables of Jesus
3504:
3503:
3426:Language of Jesus
3373:Brothers of Jesus
3245:Session of Christ
3121:Mara bar Serapion
2922:Great Commandment
2817:Flight into Egypt
2561:978-0-89579-575-5
2534:Michael Kennedy,
2461:Jon Stallworthy,
2286:978-0-8028-2454-7
2044:Parables of Jesus
1934:978-0-664-25828-3
1833:Patrick Fairbairn
1770:Patrick Fairbairn
1695:978-3-525-53514-1
1670:Luke for Everyone
1574:978-0-00-630601-6
1519:978-0-19-826170-4
1502:Metzger, Bruce M.
1487:978-0-385-52247-2
1431:978-0-8028-6077-4
1331:Ministry of Jesus
1253:order of chivalry
1206:Dives and Lazarus
1183:Giacomo Carissimi
1148:
1147:
1140:
981:A Christmas Carol
952:Elizabeth Gaskell
931:Sir John Falstaff
858:, in which Jesus
826:Bourges Cathedral
769:De divite epulone
765:Peter Chrysologus
744:described in the
719:
718:
711:
642:about Si-Osiris.
343:
342:
335:
317:
115:Dives and Lazarus
107:
106:
71:Venerated in
51:Lazarus and Dives
3879:
3697:Talents or minas
3572:Faithful Servant
3557:Budding Fig Tree
3531:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3369:(alleged father)
3223:Person of Christ
3096:Historical Jesus
2927:Olivet Discourse
2855:Great Commission
2751:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2701:
2695:
2683:
2677:
2657:
2652:David Marcombe,
2650:
2644:
2631:
2622:
2617:David Marcombe,
2615:
2609:
2608:
2595:
2589:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2510:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2459:
2453:
2438:Graham Elliott,
2436:
2430:
2423:Samuel Johnson,
2421:
2415:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2380:
2374:The Other Nation
2370:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2298:
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2264:
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2209:
2203:
2183:
2177:
2164:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2068:Hugo Gressmann,
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2001:Bryan T. Huie â
1999:
1993:
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1973:
1967:
1966:
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1579:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1480:. p. 1110.
1471:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1415:
1394:
1357:
1224:Benjamin Britten
1179:Historia Divitis
1143:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1100:
1092:
926:Henry IV, Part 1
908:Geoffrey Chaucer
714:
707:
703:
700:
694:
671:
663:
644:Richard Bauckham
624:Joachim Jeremias
614:
574:Bosom of Abraham
568:, and Christian
566:Christadelphians
542:general judgment
416:Bosom of Abraham
401:Fyodor Bronnikov
367:Joachim Jeremias
338:
331:
327:
324:
318:
316:
275:
251:
243:
220:Illustration by
207:
119:parable of Jesus
48:
34:
33:
16:Parable of Jesus
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3787:
3766:
3682:Sheep and Goats
3607:Hidden Treasure
3577:Friend at Night
3552:Barren Fig Tree
3540:
3535:
3505:
3500:
3482:
3414:
3333:
3265:In other faiths
3259:
3182:
3178:Transfiguration
3139:
3082:
3012:
2912:Transfiguration
2786:
2778:
2760:
2755:
2708:
2670:Aquinas, Thomas
2665:
2663:Further reading
2660:
2651:
2647:
2641:Wayback Machine
2632:
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2429:, 1810, p. 557.
2422:
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2250:
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2238:
2234:
2229:. 11 June 2013.
2227:"Saint Lazarus"
2225:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2194:Wayback Machine
2184:
2180:
2165:
2161:
2157:, 1998), p. 101
2144:
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2136:, 1998), p. 101
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2107:Wayback Machine
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1567:. p. 195.
1559:
1555:
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1520:
1512:. p. 136.
1510:Clarendon Press
1499:
1495:
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1299:military orders
1249:
1243:
1181:" (c. 1640) by
1164:Heinrich SchĂŒtz
1144:
1133:
1127:
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1113:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1029:stanza for his
1023:Richard Crashaw
999:Herman Melville
992:Christmas Books
966:Charles Dickens
905:
844:
715:
704:
698:
695:
684:
672:
661:
615:
605:
598:
593:
554:E. W. Bullinger
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428:E. W. Bullinger
393:
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212:Interpretations
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182:Eadwine Psalter
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75:Catholic Church
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39:
32:
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12:
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5:
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3857:Gospel of Luke
3854:
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3839:
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3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Unjust Steward
3734:
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3592:Grain of Wheat
3589:
3584:
3582:Good Samaritan
3579:
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3436:Mary Magdalene
3428:
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3386:
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3359:
3358:(legal father)
3353:
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3123:
3118:
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3103:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:Gospel harmony
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2976:
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2820:
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2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2774:List of topics
2771:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2706:External links
2704:
2703:
2702:
2684:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2645:
2623:
2610:
2590:
2567:
2560:
2554:. p. 25.
2540:
2527:
2505:
2486:
2477:
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2416:
2394:
2381:
2365:
2360:, line 1877 â
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2178:
2159:
2138:
2117:
2087:
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2019:
2007:
1994:
1968:
1954:
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1933:
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1738:
1729:
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1639:
1636:Church contact
1628:
1615:
1601:
1592:
1589:Jesus Database
1580:
1573:
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1518:
1493:
1486:
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1437:
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1313:
1306:
1303:
1245:Main article:
1242:
1239:
1162:"), a work by
1146:
1145:
1128:September 2021
1104:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1072:
1036:
976:
975:
962:
904:
901:
856:Gospel of John
843:
840:
727:Rila Monastery
717:
716:
675:
673:
666:
660:
657:
628:Hugo Gressmann
603:
597:
596:Jewish sources
594:
592:
589:
500:Main article:
497:
494:
481:
478:
465:
462:
448:attack on the
441:
438:
408:John Lightfoot
392:
389:
375:
372:
358:
355:
341:
340:
255:
253:
246:
240:
237:
213:
210:
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186:Morgan Library
173:
170:
158:Good Samaritan
129:. Speaking to
127:Gospel of Luke
105:
104:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
49:
41:
40:
37:
15:
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3769:
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3750:
3748:
3747:Wedding Feast
3745:
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3733:
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3600:
3598:
3597:Great Banquet
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Good Shepherd
3585:
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3580:
3578:
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3570:
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3497:
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3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Mental health
3466:
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3405:
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3327:
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3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3288:In the Talmud
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3255:Cosmic Christ
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Second Coming
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3228:Pre-existence
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
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3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
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3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3018:New Testament
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
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2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2895:Lord's Prayer
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
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2853:
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2831:
2830:Unknown years
2828:
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2815:
2813:
2812:Date of birth
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2803:
2800:
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2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:Biblical Art
2710:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:Baxter, Roger
2685:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:Leper Knights
2649:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2586:1-84383-382-4
2583:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2474:
2473:0-19-955453-6
2470:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2450:0-19-816258-8
2447:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2412:0-14-243724-7
2409:
2405:
2404:
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2391:
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2375:
2372:Smith Sheila
2369:
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2359:
2354:
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2191:
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2185:Steven Cox, '
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2101:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2032:Penguin Books
2029:
2026:G. B. Caird,
2023:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1867:
1866:
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1851:
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1820:
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1797:
1789:
1786:Cox, Steven.
1782:
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1733:
1724:
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1619:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:Luke 16:19â31
1546:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1452:. The Vatican
1451:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
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1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:New Jerusalem
1309:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1228:Edith Sitwell
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1197:(1652â1732).
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
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1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1142:
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1121:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1105:This section
1103:
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1094:
1093:
1083:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Edith Sitwell
1045:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
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1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
988:
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953:
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942:
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922:
917:
915:
914:
909:
900:
898:
894:
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886:
882:
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874:
870:
866:
864:
861:
857:
853:
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836:
835:
829:
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811:
807:
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801:
797:
793:
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762:
758:
754:
749:
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743:
739:
735:
728:
723:
713:
710:
702:
699:February 2022
692:
688:
682:
681:
676:This section
674:
670:
665:
664:
656:
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641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
612:
608:
602:
588:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Universalists
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Last Judgment
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
513:
508:
503:
493:
491:
486:
477:
474:
470:
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451:
447:
436:
432:
429:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
402:
397:
387:
382:
380:
379:Martin Luther
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364:
354:
350:
348:
337:
334:
326:
323:February 2020
315:
312:
308:
305:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
284: â
283:
279:
278:Find sources:
272:
268:
262:
261:
256:This section
254:
250:
245:
244:
236:
234:
229:
223:
218:
206:
205:Luke 16:19â31
200:
197:
194:
187:
183:
178:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:his disciples
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
56:
52:
47:
42:
38:Saint Lazarus
35:
30:
26:
22:
3732:Unjust Judge
3671:
3662:Prodigal Son
3642:Mustard Seed
3602:Growing Seed
3378:Holy Kinship
3329:Master Jesus
3307:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
3201:Christianity
3188:Christianity
3158:Christ Child
3153:Bibliography
3003:Resurrection
2917:Homelessness
2826:(apocryphal)
2807:Virgin birth
2797:Annunciation
2789:Jesus's life
2697:
2679:
2653:
2648:
2618:
2613:
2602:
2593:
2575:
2570:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2519:. Retrieved
2508:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2480:
2462:
2457:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2306:
2296:
2275:
2268:
2256:
2247:
2235:
2221:
2207:
2197:
2181:
2167:
2166:Steven Cox,
2162:
2146:
2141:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2027:
2022:
2010:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1957:
1943:
1923:
1907:. B. Herder.
1904:
1892:
1881:
1870:. Retrieved
1864:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1839:1853 p. 343.
1836:
1827:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1781:
1773:
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1732:
1723:
1704:
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1664:
1657:
1652:
1642:
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1618:
1609:
1604:
1595:
1583:
1563:
1556:
1545:
1528:
1505:
1496:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1420:
1400:
1399:
1386:
1378:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1295:Hospitallers
1280:
1273:
1250:
1232:
1219:
1213:
1203:Child Ballad
1199:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1134:
1125:
1114:Please help
1109:verification
1106:
1073:
1063:World War II
1048:
1037:
1030:
1027:metaphysical
1021:
1009:
1002:
996:
991:
985:
979:
977:
969:
955:
945:
938:
935:memento mori
924:
918:
911:
906:
871:
867:
845:
834:In paradisum
832:
830:
815:
802:founded the
792:patron saint
781:
776:
772:
768:
760:
752:
750:
742:lake of fire
732:
705:
696:
685:Please help
680:verification
677:
654:
649:
635:
626:, Marshall,
617:
610:
600:
584:
578:metaphorical
531:
527:St. Irenaeus
516:
512:James Tissot
487:
483:
467:
443:
434:
426:
421:
406:
384:
377:
360:
351:
344:
329:
320:
310:
303:
296:
289:
277:
265:Please help
260:verification
257:
230:
227:
222:Gustave Doré
198:
195:
192:
162:medieval art
154:Prodigal Son
147:
123:16th chapter
114:
110:
108:
50:
3722:Two Debtors
3707:Ten Virgins
3404:Descendants
3362:Holy Family
3345:Genealogies
3312:Manichaeism
3218:Incarnation
3213:Christology
3206:1st century
3088:Historicity
2979:Crucifixion
2947:Last Supper
2257:Journal of
2202:(July 2000)
2151:Netherlands
2130:Netherlands
2115:(July 2000)
2046:, p. 182â87
1538:Ps.-Cyprian
1373:Bible, the
1175:Dives Malus
1016:T. S. Eliot
957:Mary Barton
620:G. B. Caird
458:Abbé Drioux
150:Ten Virgins
3826:Categories
3692:Strong Man
3627:Lost Sheep
3250:Son of God
3145:Depictions
2883:Beatitudes
2840:Temptation
2784:Chronology
2521:2006-06-29
2517:. Bartleby
2240:Ămile MĂąle
1872:2012-11-18
1668:Wright T.
1342:References
1235:Josh White
1010:The poem "
987:The Chimes
971:Hard Times
873:Romanesque
860:resurrects
767:'s sermon
538:soul sleep
363:Tom Wright
293:newspapers
233:Q document
96:The poor,
3783:Empty Jar
3712:True Vine
3667:Rich Fool
3622:Lost Coin
3478:Sexuality
3463:Criticism
3448:Christmas
3324:Mandaeism
3300:Ahmadiyya
3008:Ascension
2932:Anointing
2867:Disciples
2850:Selecting
2634:"History"
2588:, p. 294.
2475:, p. 248.
2452:, p. 100.
2174:Hyderabad
2081:Also see
2034:), p. 191
1982:Afterlife
1401:Citations
1347:Footnotes
1316:Lazaretto
1283:Jerusalem
1265:Crusaders
1220:Kingsfold
1187:oratories
1055:The Blitz
1004:Moby-Dick
796:crusaders
640:folk tale
632:storyline
576:, and is
550:Anglicans
502:Afterlife
490:epicurean
450:Sadducees
446:satirical
166:afterlife
135:Pharisees
133:and some
121:from the
92:Patronage
3847:Caiaphas
3804:ministry
3778:Assassin
3727:Two Sons
3496:Category
3367:Panthera
3352:(mother)
3111:Josephus
2964:Betrayal
2907:Miracles
2902:Parables
2862:Ministry
2845:Apostles
2802:Nativity
2720:In Hades
2690:(1823).
2672:(1867).
2637:Archived
2321:Folklore
2190:Archived
2103:Archived
2059:, p. 634
1712:Archived
1504:(1977).
1305:See also
1291:Templars
1168:oratorio
1088:In music
1025:wrote a
913:Summoner
877:Burgundy
784:medieval
773:rich man
613:, p. 634
604:â
552:such as
469:Anglican
412:Pharisee
202:â
3832:Abraham
3811:Parable
3792:Related
3419:Related
3389:Joachim
3283:Judaism
3273:Jesuism
3173:Statues
3126:Gospels
3116:Tacitus
3106:Sources
3031:Matthew
3026:Gospels
2937:Passion
2890:Prayers
2835:Baptism
2824:Infancy
2769:Outline
2604:Discogs
1987:July 4,
1624:Webpage
1456:16 July
1391:Phineas
1383:Nineveh
1375:Vulgate
1326:Luke 16
1276:leprosy
1267:of the
940:Henry V
893:VĂ©zelay
889:Avallon
852:Eleazar
818:Moissac
798:in the
788:parable
777:feasted
761:epulone
540:") and
473:Eliezer
403:, 1886.
307:scholar
139:Abraham
125:of the
117:) is a
86:21 June
29:Lazarus
3677:Scribe
3617:Leaven
3453:Easter
3409:Clopas
3356:Joseph
3338:Family
3235:Relics
3196:Christ
2991:Burial
2969:Arrest
2584:
2558:
2471:
2448:
2410:
2301:63-64.
2283:
2072:(1918)
1931:
1692:
1647:51-67.
1571:
1516:
1484:
1428:
1389:(i.e.
1387:Fineas
1385:) and
1381:(i.e.
1158:477 ("
1067:Christ
1059:London
994:does.
848:Hebrew
536:" or "
347:Jerome
309:
302:
295:
288:
280:
156:, and
98:lepers
3799:Jesus
3702:Tares
3687:Sower
3652:Pearl
3295:Islam
2974:Trial
2878:Plain
2758:Jesus
2196:' in
2155:Brill
2134:Brill
2109:' in
1807:1864.
1656:e.g.
1622:e.g.
1379:NeuÄs
1371:Latin
1366:dives
1361:Dives
1257:leper
1014:" by
974:1854)
961:1848)
885:Arles
757:Latin
753:dives
738:souls
585:hades
314:JSTOR
300:books
143:Moses
82:Feast
64:Hades
3612:Lamp
3395:Heli
3383:Anne
3350:Mary
3046:John
3041:Luke
3036:Mark
2996:Tomb
2582:ISBN
2556:ISBN
2469:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2281:ISBN
1989:2017
1929:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1534:CSEL
1514:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1458:2013
1426:ISBN
1293:and
1287:Acre
1226:set
984:and
820:and
521:and
365:and
345:St.
286:news
172:Text
109:The
2787:of
2377:OUP
1156:SWV
1154:",
1118:by
1057:on
1001:'s
997:In
923:'s
919:In
910:'s
883:at
689:by
634:of
269:by
3828::
2696:.
2678:.
2626:^
2601:.
2496:,
2255:,
2153::
2132::
1980:.
1913:^
1903:.
1835:)
1803:,
1772:)
1508:.
1460:.
1448:.
1408:^
1222:.
1170:.
1069::
968:;
954:;
929:,
899:.
828:.
806:.
622:,
609:,
564:,
560:,
544:("
460:.
423:3)
235:.
184:,
168:.
152:,
100:,
3530:e
3523:t
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2876:/
2750:e
2743:t
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2607:.
2564:.
2524:.
2291:.
2289:.
2215:.
2172:(
2149:(
2128:(
2030:(
1991:.
1951:.
1937:.
1875:.
1790:.
1758:.
1698:.
1577:.
1522:.
1490:.
1434:.
1173:"
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1141:)
1135:(
1130:)
1126:(
1112:.
755:(
729:.
712:)
706:(
701:)
697:(
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330:(
325:)
321:(
311:·
304:·
297:·
290:·
263:.
31:.
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