Syngman Rhee - Knowledge

3801: 3919:. Rhee created the National Defense Corps in December 1950, intended to be a paramilitary militia, comprising men not in the military or police who were drafted into the corps for internal security duties. In the months that followed, tens of thousands of National Defense Corps men either starved or froze to death in their unheated barracks, as the men lacked winter uniforms and food. Even Rhee could not ignore the deaths of so many of the National Defense Corps and ordered an investigation. It was revealed that the commander of the National Defense Corps, General Kim Yun Gun, had stolen millions of American dollars that were intended to heat the barracks and feed and clothe the men. General Kim and five other officers were publicly shot at 3915:

they possibly could from both the public purse and from United States aid. The Rhee regime engaged in the "worst excesses of corruption", with the soldiers in the Army of the Republic of Korea (ROK) going unpaid for months as their officers embezzled their pay, equipment provided by the United States being sold on the black market, and the size of the ROK army being bloated by hundreds of thousands of "ghost soldiers" who only existed on paper, allowing their officers to steal pay that would have been due had these soldiers actually existed. The problems with low morale experienced by the ROK army were largely due to the corruption of the Rhee regime. The worst scandal during the war—indeed of the entire Rhee government—was the

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all-out against China, even at the risk of provoking a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Rhee declared, "The British troops have outlived their welcome in my country." Shortly after, Rhee told an Australian diplomat about the Australian troops fighting for his country, "They are not wanted here any longer. Tell that to your government. The Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and British troops all represent a government which is now sabotaging the brave American effort to liberate fully and unify my unhappy nation."

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provocative one being his unilateral release of 25,000 prisoners of war in June 1953. Such actions, which hindered the progress of armistice talks, upset China and the North. Moreover, for such unpredictability in his authoritarian leadership, the Truman and Eisenhower administrations considered him one of the "rogue allies" in East Asia and engaged in "

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Korea, and it was simply far easier for the American occupation government to deal with Rhee than to try to understand Korea. Rhee was "acerbic, prickly, uncompromising" and was regarded by the US State Department, which long had dealings with him as "a dangerous mischief-maker", but the American General

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in September 1950, the North Korean military was routed, and the United Nations (UN)—of whom the largest contingents were the Americans and South Koreans—not only liberated all of South Korea, but overran much of North Korea. In the areas of North Korea taken by the UN forces, elections were supposed

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Korean elites who had collaborated with the Japanese were, in the words of the South Korean historian Kyung Moon Hwang, often "contentious", but in the end an understanding was reached in which, in exchange for their support, Rhee would not purge the elites. In particular, the Koreans who had served

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on 2 September 1945, Rhee was flown to Tokyo aboard a US military aircraft. Over the objections of the Department of State, the US military government allowed Rhee to return to Korea by providing him with a passport in October 1945, despite the refusal of the Department of State to issue Rhee with a

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In the spring of 1951, Rhee—who was upset about MacArthur's dismissal by President Truman—lashed out in a press interview against Britain, whom he blamed for MacArthur's sacking. Rhee was absolutely committed to reunifying Korea under his leadership and strongly supported MacArthur's call for going

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37.50 per month. Both at the time and since, there has been much speculation about precisely how Rhee managed to live on a salary equivalent to US$ 37.50 per month. The entire Rhee regime was notorious for its corruption, with everyone in the government from the President downwards stealing as much

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Soon after taking office, Rhee enacted laws that severely curtailed political dissent. There was much controversy between Rhee and his leftist opponents. Allegedly, many of the leftist opponents were arrested and in some cases killed. The most controversial issue has been Kim Ku's assassination. On

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in the colonial-era National Police, whom the Americans had retained after August 1945, were promised by Rhee that their jobs would not be threatened by him. Upon independence in 1948, 53% of South Korean police officers were men who had served in the National Police during the Japanese occupation.

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When the first US–Soviet Cooperation Committee meeting was concluded without a result, he began to argue in June 1946 that the government of Korea must be established as an independent entity. In the same month, he created a plan based on this idea and moved to Washington, DC, from December 1946 to

2490:. During the conference, he attempted to set the problem of Korean independence as part of the agenda and campaigned for independence but was unsuccessful. In September 1922, he returned to Hawaii to focus on publication, education, and religion. In November 1924, Rhee was appointed the position of 2509:

In March 1925, Rhee was impeached as the president of the Provisional Government in Shanghai over allegations of misuse of power and was removed from office. Nevertheless, he continued to claim the position of president by referring to the Hanseong Provisional Government and continued independence

4024:. To circumvent this, Rhee attempted to amend the constitution to allow him to hold elections for the presidency by direct popular vote. When the Assembly rejected this amendment, Rhee ordered a mass arrest of opposition politicians and then passed the desired amendment in July 1952. During the 3821:

as one of Rhee's "creatures". It soon became apparent that Rhee's style of government was rigidly authoritarian. He allowed the internal security force (headed by his right-hand man, Kim Chang-ryong) to detain and torture suspected communists and North Korean agents. His government also oversaw

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in China. Americans have always liked the idea of dealing with a foreign leader who can be identified as 'their man'. They are much less comfortable with movements." Makins further added the same was the case with Rhee, as very few Americans were fluent in Korean in the 1940s or knew much about

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For decades, the Korean independence movement was torn by factionalism and in-fighting, and most of the leaders of the independence movement hated each other as much as they hated the Japanese. Rhee, who had lived for decades in the United States, was a figure known only from afar in Korea, and

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decided that Rhee was the best man for the Americans to back because of his fluent English and his ability to talk with authority to American officers about American subjects. Once it became clear from October 1945 onward that Rhee was the Korean politician most favored by the Americans, other

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a total withdrawal of his troops from the peninsula if an armistice were to be signed, declaring that the ROK would rather fight on its own than negotiate a cease-fire. He also deliberately carried out some actions that would deter the armistice and reignite conflicts in the region, the most

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was well equipped with Soviet aircraft, vehicles and tanks. According to John Merrill, "the war was preceded by a major insurgency in the South and serious clashes along the thirty-eighth parallel," and 100,000 people died in "political disturbances, guerrilla warfare, and border clashes".

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expressed criticism of Rhee's regime, in particular for its lack of focus on economic and industrial development. Beginning with the Park era, the standing of Rhee and his "diplomatic" faction of the Korean independence movement fell in the public consciousness in favor of Kim Ku and

3880:(KPA) would occupy Seoul. Rhee stated, "Every Cabinet member, including myself, will protect the government." At midnight on 28 June, the South Korean military destroyed the Han Bridge, preventing thousands of citizens from fleeing. On 28 June, North Korean soldiers occupied Seoul. 4044:, since the 1948 constitution limited the president to two consecutive terms. However, soon after being sworn in, he had the legislature amend the constitution to allow the incumbent president to run for an unlimited number of terms, despite protests from the opposition. 4100:, his Austrian wife, went to the cockpit to thank the pilot and crew. Rhee's wife offered the pilot a valuable diamond ring in thanks, which was courteously declined. The former president, his wife, and their adopted son subsequently lived in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii. 5881:

In 1932, while attempting to put Korea's case before an indifferent League of Nations in Geneva, Rhee met Francesca Maria Barbara Donner, 34, the daughter of a family of Viennese iron merchants. Two years later they were married in a Methodist ceremony in New

2483:) in Washington, DC. On 6 September, Rhee discovered that he had been appointed acting president for the Provisional Government in Shanghai. From December 1920 to May 1921, he moved to Shanghai and was the acting president for the Provisional Government. 3659:

therefore regarded as a more or less acceptable compromise candidate for the conservative factions. More importantly, Rhee spoke fluent English, whereas none of his rivals did, and therefore he was the Korean politician most trusted and favored by the

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wanted to unite the Korean peninsula under their respective governments, but the United States refused to give South Korea any heavy weapons, to ensure that its military could only be used for preserving internal order and self-defense. By contrast,

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Rhee imbued South Korea with a legacy of authoritarian rule that lasted with only a few short breaks until 1988. One of those breaks came when the country adopted a parliamentary system with a figurehead president in response to Rhee's abuses. This

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who provided Rhee with the passport that allowed him to return to Korea was apparently promised by Rhee that if he came to power, he would reward Goodfellow with commercial concessions." Following the independence of Korea and a secret meeting with

2471:. In June, in the acting capacity of the President of the Republic of Korea, he notified the prime ministers and the chairmen of peace conferences of Korea's independence. On 25 August, Rhee established the Korean Commission to America and Europe ( 2414:). During this period, he opposed Park Yong-man's stance on foreign relations of Korea and brought about a split in the community. In December 1918, he was chosen, along with Dr. Henry Chung DeYoung, as a Korean representative to the 3942:

On 27 July 1953, at last, "one of the 20th century's most vicious and frustrating wars" came to an end with no apparent victor. Ultimately, the armistice agreement was signed by military commanders from China, North Korea and the

4172:, is currently used for the presidential memorial museum. The Woo-Nam Presidential Preservation Foundation has been set up to honor his legacy. There is also a memorial museum located in Hwajinpo near Kim Il Sung's cottage. 3906:

of 1950. Rhee was absolutely committed to reunifying Korea under his leadership and strongly supported MacArthur's call for going all-out against China, even at the risk of provoking a nuclear war with the Soviet Union.

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survey finding that only 30% of respondents saying that Rhee "did many good things", versus 40% who thought that he "did many wrong things" and 30% who had no opinion or didn't respond. Moreover, only about half of

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Rhee was married to Seungseon Park from 1890 to 1910. Park divorced Rhee shortly after the death of their son Rhee Bong-su in 1908, supposedly because their marriage had no intimacy due to his political activities.

1282:) in January 1899. Other sources place the year arrested as 1897 and 1898. Rhee attempted to escape on the 20th day of imprisonment but was caught and was sentenced to life imprisonment through the Pyeongniwon ( 1017:. Rhee was the third but only surviving son out of three brothers and two sisters (his two older brothers both died in infancy) in a rural family of modest means. Rhee's family traced its lineage back to King 4135:

Over the years after the death of Bong-su, Rhee adopted three sons. The first was Rhee Un-soo, however, the elder Rhee ended the adoption in 1949. The second adopted son was Lee Kang-seok, eldest son of

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However, Rhee failed to efficiently act in the capacity of Acting President due to conflicts inside the provisional government in Shanghai. In October 1920, he returned to the US to participate in the

3979: 4065:(the ambassador to the United States during the Korean War, a member from the opposition Democratic Party) won the vote with a wide margin, the opposition Democratic Party claimed the election was 1223:); however, a female American physician Georgiana E. Whiting helped him avoid the charges by disguising him as her patient and go to his sister's house. Rhee acted as one of the forerunners of the 899: 3947:, led by the US. Its signatories did not include the ROK, as Rhee refused to agree to the armistice, and neither was it supposed to be a permanent cease-fire, as a peace treaty was never signed. 2442: 902:

until he was impeached in 1925. He then returned to the United States, where he advocated and fundraised for Korean independence. In 1939, he moved to Washington, DC. In 1945, he was returned to

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to establish a trusteeship for Korea and the cooperation between the left-wing (communist) and the right-wing (nationalist) parties. He also refused to join the US-Soviet Joint Commission (

1177:, the latter being the first daily newspaper in Korea. During this period, Rhee earned money by teaching the Korean language to Americans. In 1895, Rhee graduated from Pai Chai School. 4157: 8169: 3902:– ending war by conquering North Korea, but after the Chinese entered the war in November 1950, the UN forces were thrown into retreat. During this period of crisis, Rhee ordered the 2251: 2461: 2355:, and was shortly arrested. However, he fled to the United States in 1912 with M. C. Harris's rationale that Rhee was going to participate in the general meeting of Methodists in 968:

won the corresponding vice-presidential election by a wide margin, the opposition rejected the result as rigged, which triggered protests. These escalated into the student-led

3939:", or the construction of asymmetric alliances, which helped the US maximize economic and political influence over the ROK and increase ROK's dependency on the United States. 1166: 3837:

By early 1950, Rhee had about 30,000 alleged communists in his jails, and had about 300,000 suspected sympathizers enrolled in an official "re-education" movement called the

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infection rendered him virtually blind until he was treated with western medicine, possibly by a Japanese doctor. Rhee was portrayed as a potential candidate for the

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and was imprisoned for his activities in 1899. After his release in 1904, he moved to the United States, where he obtained degrees from American universities and

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through his second son, Yi Heun who was known as Jangpyeong Dojeong (장평도정;長平都正). This case makes him a distant relative of the mid-Joseon military officer,

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South Korean soldiers walk among bodies of South Korean political prisoners shot near Daejon, South Korea, July 1950. Photo by US Army Major Abbott.

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It is sometimes erroneously claimed that Rhee was treated by American medical missionary Horace Allen. For a discussion of this topic see, Fields,

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movement, some members of which have argued that Rhee's achievements have been wrongly undervalued, and that he should be viewed positively as the

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Rhee was strongly against the armistice negotiations the US entered into in 1953. Accordingly, in April of the same year, he demanded of President

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Because of widespread discontent with Rhee's corruption and political repression, it was considered unlikely that Rhee would be re-elected by the

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to approve the existence of the Korean provisional government. As part of this plan, he cooperated with anti-Japan strategies conducted by the US

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At the outbreak of war on 25 June 1950, North Korean troops launched a full-scale invasion of South Korea. All South Korean resistance at the

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meeting and Donner was working as an interpreter. In October 1934, they were married in New York City. She also acted as his secretary.

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and therefore a distant cousin of Rhee; but Lee committed suicide in 1960. After Rhee was exiled, Rhee In-soo, who is a descendant of

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and created a defensive perimeter along the Naktong Bulge. A series of battles ensued, which would later be known collectively as the

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Prisoners lie on the ground before execution by South Korean troops near Daejon, South Korea, July 1950. Photo by US Army Maj. Abbott.

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was held under the oversight of the UNTCOK. He was elected without competition to serve in the South Korean Constitutional Assembly (

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After the war ended in July 1953, South Korea struggled to rebuild following nationwide devastation. The country remained at a

1609: 956:, he pushed to modify the constitution to remove the two-term limit, despite opposition protests. He was reelected uncontested 5334: 4108:

Rhee died of stroke complications in Honolulu on 19 July 1965. A week later, his body was returned to Seoul and buried in the

898:, Rhee joined the right-leaning Korean Provisional Government in exile in Shanghai. From 1918 to 1924, he served as the first 9836: 9494: 7429: 7116: 7094: 6185: 5804: 5728: 5685: 5658: 5631: 5434: 5328: 5172: 5055: 5026: 4601: 4238: 4193:, who embodied the "armed resistance" faction of the right-wing independence movement, who were preferred by Park; Kim's son 3986: 3896:

to be administered by the United Nations but instead were taken over and administered by the South Koreans. Rhee insisted on

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Rhee continued to stay in the United States; this move has been described as an "exile". He obtained a Bachelor of Arts from

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level of development and was heavily reliant on US aid. Rhee was easily re-elected for what should have been the final time

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After the fighting ended, South Korea's economy lagged behind North Korea's and was heavily reliant on US aid. After being

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released in 2022 includes extensive details about Rhee's rule, particularly his role within U.S. Cold War foreign policy.

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After entering civil service, Rhee was implicated in a plot to remove King Gojong from power through the recruitment of

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episode titled "Mail Call, Again", Radar mentions a parade in Seoul due to Syngman Rhee being "elected dictator again."

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Rhee began to be reevaluated after democratization in 1987, and in particular came to be associated with the so-called

3740: 3182: 2312: 1602: 879: 518: 5772: 5519: 4729: 9821: 8708: 8271: 7541: 7482: 6499: 5970: 5208: 4997: 4237:), published in 2006 by various "New Right" scholars. This academic dispute formed one of the germs behind the later 3664: 3620: 3263: 2759: 2542: 2447: 2128: 1961: 1926: 925:

views that characterized much of his earlier political career. Early on in his presidency, his government put down a

7279: 3758:, received 6.7% of the vote. On 15 August the Republic of Korea was formally established in the south, and Rhee was 9846: 9811: 9751: 8411: 8406: 7901: 7864: 7593: 7039: 5598:. The Department of Defense 60th Anniversary of Korean War Commemoration Committee. Retrieved on 28 September 2016. 4250: 3998: 3289: 3284: 3268: 3214: 3202: 2827: 2173: 1880: 1499: 1476: 1186: 8089: 7951: 7635: 2612: 9806: 9781: 9644: 9131: 8512: 8441: 8341: 8219: 7991: 7981: 7568: 6955: 4267: 4021: 3916: 3701: 3471: 3416: 2688: 2510:

activities through the Korean Commission to America and Europe. In the beginning of 1933, he participated in the

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as the leader of the Korean representatives to request the participation of the Korean provisional government.

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After the return to Korea, he assumed the posts of president of the Independence Promotion Central Committee (

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to help the people involved in the 105-Man Incident, but failed to bring any change. Soon afterwards, he met

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but they failed to obtain permission to travel to Paris. After giving up travelling to Paris, Rhee held the

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was overwhelmed by the North Korean offensive within a few hours. By 26 June, it was apparent that the

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and opposed foreign intervention; he opposed the Soviet Union and the United States' proposal in the

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Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (1 May 2013).

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as its first president. The next month, on 9 September, the north also proclaimed statehood as the

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In November 1939, Rhee and his wife left Hawaii for Washington, DC. He focused on writing the book

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in March 1919, Rhee discovered that he was appointed to the positions of foreign minister for the

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sympathisers, leaving at least 100,000 people dead. Rhee was president during the outbreak of the

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covertly evacuating him on 28 April by helicopter. He spent the rest of his life in exile in

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This article is about the first president of South Korea. For the Presbyterian minister, see

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of the Republic of Korea. An early and prominent example of such literature was Volume 2 of

2734: 1131: new subjects). Near the end of 1895, he joined a Hyeopseong (Mutual Friendship) Club ( 9766: 9716: 9711: 9001: 8768: 8623: 8577: 8492: 8487: 8286: 8185: 8134: 8129: 8021: 7976: 7931: 7869: 7700: 7675: 7625: 7553: 7467: 7317: 6919: 6898: 5248:"Details/Information for Canadian Forces (CF) Operation United Nations Commission on Korea" 4224: 3911: 3453: 3294: 2943: 2331: 2025: 1966: 1577: 1549: 1471: 934: 848: 616: 612: 43: 8: 9446: 9361: 9356: 9256: 9119: 8916: 8800: 8715: 8603: 8456: 8451: 8431: 8416: 8326: 8321: 8226: 8159: 8149: 8061: 8056: 8046: 7946: 7886: 7859: 7685: 7670: 7640: 7618: 7404: 7394: 7121: 7044: 7014: 6998: 6191: 6154: 4294: 4089: 3873: 3516: 3208: 3177: 3162: 2910: 2717: 2678: 2319:

and attempted unsuccessfully to convince the US to help preserve independence for Korea.

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from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948. As president of South Korea,

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Kollontai, Ms Pauline; Kim, Professor Sebastian C. H.; Hoyland, Revd Greg (2 May 2013).

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During the North Korean occupation of Seoul, Rhee established a temporary government in

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executed the prisoners, along with several tens of thousands of Bodo League members.

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wrote that there was "at least a measure of corruption in the transaction" as the US

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Foreign Friends: Syngman Rhee, American Exceptionalism, and the Division of Korea.

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later recalled, "the American propensity to go for a man rather than a movement —

9595: 9451: 9441: 9426: 9406: 9391: 9366: 9311: 9076: 9044: 8936: 8896: 8658: 8653: 8593: 8534: 8266: 8144: 7971: 7936: 7844: 7839: 7563: 7457: 7131: 7064: 7054: 7019: 6975: 6962: 6914: 5503: 5082: 4952: 4439: 4407: 4066: 4006: 3966: 3814: 3743: 3694: 3686: 3672: 3334: 3322: 3192: 3157: 2981: 2948: 2710: 2200: 2047: 1747: 1727: 1544: 1518: 1201: 1034: 1006: 961: 891: 812: 788: 433: 419: 158: 148: 7558: 2101: 9649: 9421: 9346: 9336: 9331: 9191: 8931: 8720: 8643: 8371: 8276: 8026: 7966: 7598: 7516: 7419: 7379: 7349: 7249: 7204: 6673: 6639: 6592: 6525: 6223:

The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence

5573: 4539: 4244:

In any event, this view has not spread much beyond the right-wing, with a 2023

4185: 3990: 3636: 3071: 2754: 2431: 2363: 2276: 1805: 1762: 1692: 1538: 1512: 1504: 1267: 1232: 918: 606: 5650:

South Korea at the Crossroads: Autonomy and Alliance in an Era of Rival Powers

2616:

Ceremony inaugurating the government of the Republic of Korea (15 August 1948)

9700: 9678: 9585: 9431: 9326: 9291: 9276: 9236: 8778: 8608: 8346: 8256: 8119: 8099: 7986: 7747: 7725: 7690: 7269: 7264: 7219: 7141: 7101: 6850: 6784: 6775: 6770: 6766: 6748: 6714: 6584: 6173:

South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War

5454: 5131: 4989: 4815: 4800: 4093: 4051: 3898: 3823: 3766:. Rhee himself had been an independence activist, and his relations with the 3677: 3346: 3238: 3119: 3096: 3091: 3076: 3056: 3016: 3006: 2991: 2976: 2958: 2847: 2367: 2078: 1992: 1985: 1737: 1664: 1524: 926: 485: 479: 350: 188: 5323:. 370. Vol. VI. Singapore: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. pp. 234–237. 3750:

On 20 July 1948, Rhee was elected president of the Republic of Korea in the

2434:

to make plans for future political activism concerning Korean independence.

2291:), Rhee moved to the United States. In August 1905, Rhee and Yun Byeong-gu ( 1404: 9371: 9321: 9251: 9241: 9095: 9083: 9070: 8876: 8703: 8204: 7452: 7302: 7161: 7156: 7151: 6857: 6756: 6752: 6706: 6649: 6576: 6530: 6106: 6079: 5155:

Cumings, Bruce (2010). "38 degrees of separation: a forgotten occupation".

4272: 4245: 4190: 4137: 4058: 3963: 3818: 3697:, which was announced in March 1947, enforced Rhee's anti-communist ideas. 3668: 3584: 3481: 3137: 3114: 3061: 3051: 3041: 3021: 3011: 2938: 2813: 2771: 2766: 2728: 2427: 1955: 1800: 1795: 1757: 1742: 1669: 1659: 1194: 1045: 976:. The resulting scandal caused Rhee to resign on 26 April, ushering in the 965: 922: 183: 131: 945:(1950–1953), in which North Korea invaded South Korea. He refused to sign 9416: 9021: 8991: 8846: 8836: 8735: 8598: 8391: 7880: 7710: 7695: 7506: 7354: 7322: 7209: 7024: 6929: 6868: 6780: 6744: 6603:• Yi Dong-nyeong • Song Byung-jo • Yi Dong-nyeong • Kim Ku • Syngman Rhee 6588: 6535: 6491: 6381: 6331: 6321: 5048:

An encyclopedic dictionary of conflict and conflict resolution, 1945–1996

4156: 4037: 3910:

Hastings notes that, during the war, Rhee's official salary was equal to

3860: 3838: 3827: 3810: 3763: 3759: 3690: 3380: 3363: 3081: 3046: 3031: 2798: 2791: 2606: 2584: 2530: 2453: 2356: 1999: 1790: 1752: 1722: 1712: 1707: 1697: 1674: 1148: 1144: 491: 386: 260: 248: 178: 153: 142: 38: 5224: 4401: 2644: 1212:

who was assassinated by Japanese agents (known in Korean history as the

75: 9175: 8886: 8856: 8810: 8725: 8693: 8685: 8628: 8316: 8031: 7720: 7608: 7214: 6796:

indicate an acting president • † Impeached, but restored to office • ‡

6654: 5990:

Korean Politics: The Quest for Democratization and Economic Development

5758:"Madera Tribune 19 July 1965 — California Digital Newspaper Collection" 5233: 4302: 4285: 4092:, covertly flew Rhee out of South Korea as protesters converged on the 4062: 3970: 3931: 3854: 3385: 3066: 2996: 2953: 2875: 2803: 2138: 1641: 1030: 981: 942: 584: 345: 137: 56: 7829: 6075:"South Koreans Are Locked in a Battle Over Historical Interpretations" 3841:. When the Communist army attacked from the North in June, retreating 2279:. In November 1904, with the help of Min Yeong-hwan and Han Gyu-seol ( 752: 685: 9471: 9316: 9165: 9138: 8951: 8906: 8815: 8783: 8763: 8755: 8084: 7874: 6445: 5383: 3865: 3327: 2852: 2808: 2534: 1227:

through grassroots organizations such as the Hyeopseong Club and the

1111:

school, where he converted to Christianity. Rhee studied English and

1108: 949:

that ended the war, wishing to have the peninsula reunited by force.

938: 867: 218: 6229:

Shin, Jong Dae, Christian F. Ostermann, and James F. Person (2013).

6225:(University of Hawai'i Press; 2013). Scholarly biography; 576 pages. 6102:"데일리 오피니언 제567호(2023년 11월 5주) - 역대 대통령 10인 개별 공과(功過) 평가 (11월 통합 포함)" 5607: 3735: 1147:, who returned from the United States after his exile following the 9050: 8891: 8788: 8663: 8482: 8386: 7526: 7384: 6838: 6620: 6596: 6050: 4663: 4169: 3768: 2665: 2371: 2304: 1916: 1430: 1079: 989: 964:

died from cancer before the election took place. After Rhee's ally

910:

he was elected the first president of the Republic of Korea by the

821: 708: 451: 8170:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

1005:

Syngman Rhee was born on 26 March 1875 in Daegyeong, a village in

8996: 8881: 8871: 8820: 8361: 7106: 6761: 3960: 3476: 3443: 2786: 2334:

with the thesis "Neutrality as influenced by the United States" (

2091: 2052: 1371: 1270:. As a result, Rhee was imprisoned in the Gyeongmucheong Prison ( 1050: 6399:

President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

6312:

President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

5764: 5745:

The Internet of Elsewhere: The Emergent Effects of a Wired World

4495:

North–South differences in the Korean language § Consonants

4088:(CIA), piloted by Captain Harry B. Cockrell Jr. and operated by 2351:

coordinator and missionary. In 1912, Rhee was implicated in the

9064: 8866: 8805: 7740: 6600: 6391: 4519:

He did participate in the meeting as the Korean representative.

3923:

on 12 August 1951, following their convictions for corruption.

3755: 3026: 2515: 1717: 1084: 1014: 715: 648: 455: 427: 299: 9792:

Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

5019:

Encyclopedia of modern dictators: from Napoleon to the present

2271:

In 1904, Rhee was released from prison at the outbreak of the

1151:. He worked as the head and the main writer of the newspapers 9549: 9505:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

9011: 8794: 6873: 5426:

The Deaths of Others: The Fate of Civilians in America's Wars

4808:

The Information Exchange for Korean-American Scholars (IEKAS)

4327:) was released in 2024, to re-establish his legacy and works. 4070: 3920: 3884: 1444: 1041: 973: 798: 731: 664: 3813:, who confessed that he assassinated Kim Ku by the order of 3685:

April 1947 to lobby support for the plan. During the visit,

2460:

in Shanghai, and a position equivalent to president for the

9089: 8971: 6863: 6807: 4280: 4081: 3351: 2348: 1235:. As a result, in November 1898, Rhee attained the rank of 6232:

North Korean Perspectives on the Overthrow of Syngman Rhee

1377: 9544: 9524: 9519: 5610:. BBC News. 5 March 2015. Retrieved on 28 September 2016. 5542: 5540: 4585: 4583: 4570:"South Korea owns up to brutal past – World – smh.com.au" 1040:

In 1877, at the age of two, Rhee and his family moved to

766: 699: 5558:"Powerplay: Origins of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia" 4773:. Cold War International History Project. Archived from 4229:

Re-Understanding the History of Pre- and Post-Liberation

2402:). In 1918, he established the Han-in Christian Church ( 1204:. Rhee was implicated in a plot to take revenge for the 980:. Despite this, protesters continued to converge on the 9645:"[연재] 孫世一의 비교 傳記 (1) - 한국 민족주의의 두 類型 - 李承晩과 金九" 6130:"M*A*S*H s04e14 Episode Script G518 - Mail Call, Again" 5792: 5416: 5078:"(13) Syngman Rhee: president who could have done more" 2551:

United Nations Conference on International Organization

5537: 5528: 5384:

Charles J. Hanley & Hyung-Jin Kim (10 July 2010).

4948:"Fall of Korea's First President Syngman Rhee in 1960" 4593:

Peace and Reconciliation: In Search of Shared Identity

4580: 3817:. The assassin was described by the British historian 5469: 3728:

had to be elected by the National Assembly. The 1948

3623:, and president of the Headquarters for Unification ( 3621:

Korean People's Representative Democratic Legislature

2525:

and published it during the summer of 1941. With the

2374:, Hawaii, and took over the Han-in Jung-ang Academy ( 886:. After a brief 1910–12 return to Korea, he moved to 839:). Rhee was also the first and last president of the 6485: 4383: 4180:

would only last a year before being overthrown in a

4128:

in Geneva. At the time, Rhee was participating in a

3822:

several massacres, including the suppression of the

3704:

recognized Korea's independence and established the

3567: 9862:

Perpetrators of political repression in South Korea

5386:"Korea bloodbath probe ends; US escapes much blame" 4589: 4184:. In spite of this, however, the ensuing president 5987: 5771: 5192: 5156: 4615: 4613: 3708:(UNTCOK) through Resolution 112. In May 1948, the 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4321:Rhee's new documentary film, The Birth of Korea ( 2518:to bring up the question of Korean independence. 2362:In the United States, Rhee attempted to convince 9698: 9490:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 5674:Kil, Soong Hoom; Moon, Chung-in (1 March 2010). 5103: 5071: 5069: 5067: 4148:just like Rhee, was adopted by him as his heir. 9852:Speakers of the National Assembly (South Korea) 7927:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 7334:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 6366:as Chairmen of the Interim Legislative Assembly 6237:North Korea International Documentation Project 6210:University Press of Kentucky, 2019, 264 pages, 5320:Electoral politics in Southeast & East Asia 5041: 5012: 4610: 4473:As Chairman of the Interim Legislative Assembly 2605:at the ceremony inaugurating the government of 2458:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 2134:Legitimacy Theory of the Provisional Government 1251:) in the Imperial Legislature, the Jungchuwon ( 847:was characterised by authoritarianism, limited 841:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5677:Understanding Korean Politics: An Introduction 5283:Dynamic Analysis of Dispute Management Project 5227:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 112 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4748: 4730:"Syngman Rhee: First president of South Korea" 4510:was officially annexed by the Empire of Japan. 4253:supporters, as well as half of self-described 4054:, died shortly before the 15 March elections. 3754:with 92.3% of the vote; the second candidate, 3655:) as well as the negotiations with the north. 900:President of the Korean Provisional Government 9842:South Korean expatriates in the United States 6823: 6471: 6373:Speaker of the National Constituent Assembly 6338:Chairmen of the Interim Legislative Assembly 6262:, a 7 volume biography of Rhee and Kim Ku by 6157:. BillyJoel.com. Retrieved 25 September 2016. 5104:O'Toole, George Barry; Tsʻai, Jên-yü (1939). 5064: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4366:Neutrality as Influenced by the United States 4266:Portrayed by Lee Chang-hwan in the 1991–1992 4208:both cooperated with the Park regimes of the 3710:South Korean Constitutional Assembly election 3548: 2252: 1294:). He was imprisoned in the Hanseong Prison ( 820:from 1948 to 1960. Rhee is also known by his 9566:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 7117:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 6249:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5619: 5422: 4975: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4564: 4562: 4356: 4350: 4322: 4232: 3719: 3713: 3706:United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea 3650: 3644: 3630: 3624: 3614: 3608: 2501: 2495: 2478: 2472: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2375: 2335: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 1365: 1359: 1349: 1343: 1333: 1327: 1317: 1311: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1138: 1132: 1122: 1116: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 834: 828: 802: 792: 737: 721: 670: 654: 8427:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 5813: 5524:. Harcourt, Brace & World. p. 228. 5499:"Ten biggest lies in modern Korean history" 5488:(University of Delaware Press, 1989), p181. 5429:. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–95. 5050:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 626. 4928: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4301:Rhee is referenced in the lyrics to singer 3422:Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations 2916:Supreme Council for National Reconstruction 1306:). In prison, Rhee translated and compiled 1128: 914:, ushering in the First Republic of Korea. 9857:South Korean people of North Korean origin 9530:United States involvement in regime change 7085:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 6830: 6816: 6478: 6464: 6427:as President of the Provisional Government 5720:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 5379: 5377: 5110:. China Monthly, Incorporated. p. 12. 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 3555: 3541: 2259: 2245: 2196:Korean independence movement organizations 1945:Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front 1193:in 1895, which saw Joseon passed from the 1180: 917:As president, Rhee continued his hardline 332:11 September 1919 – 23 March 1925 74: 27:President of South Korea from 1948 to 1960 6538:(Shanghai) • Moon Chang-bum (Vladivostok) 5707:University of California Press, p. 28–29. 5653:. Columbia University Press. p. 33. 5306: 5006: 4837: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4559: 3809:26 June 1949, Kim Ku was assassinated by 3681:conservative leaders fell in behind him. 2592: 2330:in 1908. In 1910, he obtained a PhD from 1021:. He was a 16th-generation descendant of 6169: 5705:The Failure of Democracy in South Korea. 5486:Korea: The Peninsular Origins of the War 5150: 5148: 4794: 4792: 4596:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. 4279:Portrayed by Kwon Sung-deok in the 2006 4155: 4031: 3799: 3791: 3734: 3487:Controversy over National Foundation Day 2611: 2596: 1950:Committee for the Peaceful Reunification 1096:system, and in April he enrolled in the 995: 992:, Hawaii, and died of a stroke in 1965. 972:, in which police shot demonstrators in 9787:Liberal Party (South Korea) politicians 7656:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 6316:11 September 1919 – 21 March 1925 6020:"전주이씨양녕대군파대보 全州李氏讓寧大君派大譜, 2권, 655–1980" 5673: 5601: 5374: 5154: 4622: 3787: 3752:1948 South Korean presidential election 1907:Center for Historical Truth and Justice 1615:June 15th North–South Joint Declaration 1378:Political activities at home and abroad 418:Nungnae-dong, Taegyong-ri, Masan-myon, 14: 9699: 9500:Russian espionage in the United States 7772:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 6351:as Speaker of the Constituent Assembly 5853: 5699: 5697: 5646: 5517: 5443: 5273: 5271: 5269: 4709: 2386:). In Hawaii, he began to publish the 281:3 March 1947 – 15 August 1948 9495:Soviet espionage in the United States 7651:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 7430:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 7095:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 6811: 6459: 6044:Baek, Seung-dae (14 September 2014). 5716: 5340:from the original on 2 September 2009 5186: 5184: 5145: 5075: 4945: 4789: 4260: 3764:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 3730:Constitution of the Republic of Korea 811: 267:Chairman of the State Council of the 104:24 July 1948 – 26 April 1960 9571:Soviet Union–United States relations 7922:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 6524:(Seoul) • Syngman Rhee (Shanghai) • 6228: 6043: 5994:. Cornell University Press. p. 5958: 5717:Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). 5626:. Taylor & Francis. p. 79. 4124:In February 1933, Rhee met Austrian 1206:assassination of Empress Myeongseong 1092:, but in 1894 reforms abolished the 866:, Joseon, Rhee attended an American 9802:People from North Hwanghae Province 9757:George Washington University alumni 9665: 9642: 9535:Soviet involvement in regime change 6513:Provisional Governments (Pre-Union) 6072: 5893: 5694: 5647:Snyder, Scott A. (2 January 2018). 5312:"Electoral Politics in South Korea" 5300: 5266: 5240: 4799:Cha, Marn J. (19 September 2012) . 4798: 4682: 4312:Rhee is mentioned in Philip Roth's 4160:Rhee depicted on a 1959-issued 100 4077:forced Rhee to resign on 26 April. 2326:in 1907, and a Master of Arts from 238:31 May 1948 – 24 July 1948 24: 9727:Burials at Seoul National Cemetery 9576:Soviet Union–United States summits 7050:1947 Polish parliamentary election 6935:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 6595:• Ahn Chang Ho • Yi Dong-nyeong • 6440:24 July 1948 – 26 April 1960 6163: 6073:Lee, Eun-woo (12 September 2023). 5985: 5965:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 352. 5747:, Rutgers University Press, p. 26. 5568:(3). MIT Press Journals: 158–196. 5362:Palgrave Macmillan, 2010 page 204. 5190: 5181: 5076:Breen, Michael (2 November 2011). 4825:from the original on 14 March 2014 3741:President of the Republic of China 3635:). At this point, he was strongly 2549:. In 1945, he participated in the 2303:) met with the Secretary of State 1610:July 4 South–North Joint Statement 25: 9883: 9747:Far-right politics in South Korea 9671: 8337:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 8272:United States invasion of Grenada 7542:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 7483:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 6277: 4532: 3568:Return to Korea and rise to power 2543:United States Department of State 2343:In August 1910, Rhee returned to 2169:Activists for Korean independence 2129:Korean nationalist historiography 1962:Korean National Youth Association 1940:21C Korea College Students' Union 1078:). When Rhee was six years old a 937:were committed against suspected 927:communist uprising on Jeju Island 9867:Prisoners and detainees of Japan 9643:Son, Sae-il (16 December 2003). 8412:United States invasion of Panama 8262:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 7902:1971 Turkish military memorandum 7865:Communist insurgency in Thailand 7835:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 7767:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 7594:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 7522:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 7040:Restatement of Policy on Germany 6549: 6543: 4946:Breen, Michael (18 April 2010). 4414: 4400: 4386: 4115: 3997: 3978: 3952: 3583:passport. The British historian 3522: 3510: 3269:New National Participation Party 2643: 2573: 2558: 2226: 2214: 1881:National Independence Federation 1477:Three Principles of the Equality 1403: 890:in 1913. In 1919, following the 851:, and in the late 1950s growing 630: 550: 226:Speaker of the National Assembly 9636: 9132:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 8513:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 8442:Fall of the inner German border 8342:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 7992:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 7982:Spanish transition to democracy 7942:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 7569:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 7075:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 6956:Occupation of the Baltic states 6148: 6122: 6094: 6066: 6037: 6012: 5979: 5952: 5935:"전주이씨효령대군정효공파세보 全州李氏孝寧大君靖孝公派世譜" 5927: 5902: 5887: 5786: 5782:. 20 July 1965. pp. 1, 30. 5750: 5737: 5710: 5667: 5640: 5613: 5588: 5555: 5549: 5511: 5491: 5478: 5407: 5365: 5352: 5217: 5199:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 5114: 5097: 5035: 4967: 4915: 4513: 4500: 4168:Rhee's former Seoul residence, 4084:belonging to the United States 4028:, he received 74% of the vote. 4026:following presidential election 3917:National Defense Corps Incident 3702:United Nations General Assembly 2580:Rhee and Vice President of the 2494:in the Korean Comrade Society ( 2462:Hanseong Provisional Government 572: 546: 7912:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 7547:Mozambican War of Independence 6986:Indonesian National Revolution 5867:. 9 March 1953. Archived from 5835:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5518:Koenig, Louis William (1968). 5287:University of Central Arkansas 4897:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 4545:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 4487: 4476: 4467: 4357: 4351: 4323: 4239:history textbook controversies 4233: 4096:. During the flight, Rhee and 4015: 3985:Rhee and his wife posing with 3720: 3714: 3661:American occupation government 3651: 3645: 3631: 3625: 3615: 3609: 2502: 2496: 2479: 2473: 2416:Paris Peace Conference in 1919 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2382: 2376: 2359:as the Korean representative. 2336: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 1366: 1360: 1350: 1344: 1334: 1328: 1318: 1312: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1241: 1139: 1133: 1123: 1117: 1074: 1068: 1062: 1056: 1033:). His mother was a member of 1029:(not be confused with Admiral 835: 829: 803: 793: 738: 722: 671: 655: 13: 1: 9510:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 8525:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 8478:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 8200:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 8165:Seven Days to the River Rhine 7897:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 7184:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 7112:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 6306:Establishment of the Republic 5556:Cha, Victor D (Winter 2010). 5013:Coppa, Frank J., ed. (2006). 4986:Rhee Syngman's Life and Dream 4526: 3848: 3732:was adopted on 17 July 1948. 2582:Korean Provisional Government 2565:Rhee in 1905 dressed to meet 1340:New English–Korean Dictionary 1189:circles after the end of the 1000: 320:Korean Provisional Government 269:Korean Provisional Government 9837:South Korean anti-communists 8503:Fall of communism in Albania 8473:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 8422:Polish Round Table Agreement 7762:1968 Polish political crisis 7579:Eritrean War of Independence 7345:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 7240:East German uprising of 1953 7172:Chinese Communist Revolution 6837: 6134:springfieldspringfield.co.uk 6046:"박정희가 띄운 김구, 어떻게 진보의 아이콘 됐나" 5986:Oh, John Kie-chiang (1999). 5796:Encyclopedia of the Cold War 5279:"South Korea (1948–present)" 4445:Korean independence movement 3449:North-West Youth Association 2547:Office of Strategic Services 2324:George Washington University 1625:Korean independence movement 1308:The Sino–Japanese War Record 1225:Korean independence movement 876:Korean independence activist 593:George Washington University 7: 9827:Princeton University alumni 9772:Korean expatriates in China 9732:Conservatism in South Korea 9672:한, 승동 (28 September 2008). 8377:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 8105:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 7850:Corrective Movement (Syria) 7814:New People's Army rebellion 7809:Sino-Soviet border conflict 7537:Angolan War of Independence 7400:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 7280:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 6925:Jamaican political conflict 5680:. SUNY Press. p. 143. 5596:“Biographies: Syngman Rhee” 5534:Hastings (1988), p. 235-240 5021:. Peter Lang. p. 256. 4801:"Syngman Rhee's First Love" 4450:Korean National Association 4379: 4257:, gave the first response. 4086:Central Intelligence Agency 3279:Our Republican Party (2020) 3274:Our Republican Party (2017) 3143:Democratic Republican Party 2488:Washington Naval Conference 2420:Korean National Association 1044:, where he had traditional 767: 753: 700: 686: 10: 9888: 9722:19th-century Korean people 8573:Sino-Indian border dispute 8402:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 8332:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 8090:1976 Argentine coup d'état 8002:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 7952:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 7636:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 7604:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 7293:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 7060:Asian Relations Conference 5623:The making of modern Korea 5608:"The Korean War armistice" 5574:10.1162/isec.2010.34.3.158 5163:. Modern Library. p. 4988:] (in Korean). Seoul: 4347:The Spirit of Independence 4140:, who was a descendant of 3852: 3780: 3776: 3671:among the French in 1942, 3571: 3412:Christian Council of Korea 3407:Center for Free Enterprise 3300:Unification National Party 2601:Rhee and American general 2456:), prime minister for the 2031:Blue and Red National Flag 1620:June 3 Resistance movement 1324:The Spirit of Independence 36: 29: 9817:Presidents of South Korea 9762:Harvard University alumni 9609: 9558: 9480: 9457:William Appleman Williams 9402:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 9184: 9156: 9105: 9037: 9030: 8964: 8829: 8754: 8684: 8677: 8586: 8533: 8465: 8178: 7917:Bangladesh Liberation War 7907:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 7822: 7794:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7782:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 7445: 7220:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 7197: 6907: 6845: 6791: 6736: 6721: 6695: 6680: 6661: 6628: 6608: 6558: 6541: 6511: 6442: 6432: 6419: 6405: 6396: 6388: 6378: 6371: 6358: 6343: 6336: 6328: 6318: 6309: 6300: 6295: 6170:Appleman, Roy E. (1998). 5898:. 역사비평사. pp. 56, 64. 5840:Academy of Korean Studies 5159:The Korean War: a History 4976: 4902:Academy of Korean Studies 4151: 4057:Rhee wanted his protégé, 3989:personnel in 1950 at the 3959:Rhee awarding a medal to 2871:Four Major Rivers Project 2317:Portsmouth, New Hampshire 2191:Korean ethnic nationalism 1886:Unified Progressive Party 1833:Liberal Unification Party 1090:civil service examination 1088:, the traditional Korean 872:converted to Christianity 778: 774: 760: 746: 730: 714: 707: 693: 679: 663: 647: 642: 638: 626: 583: 525: 512: 501: 472: 462: 441: 401: 396: 392: 380: 368: 336: 325: 317: 305: 293: 285: 274: 266: 254: 242: 231: 224: 212: 200: 167: 108: 97: 89: 85: 73: 66: 54: 9822:Prime ministers of Korea 9674:"손세일 전 의원 '이승만과 김구' 연구서" 8232:1980 Turkish coup d'état 8067:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 8037:1978 Somali coup attempt 7997:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 7962:1973 Chilean coup d'état 7787:Revolutionary Government 7681:South African Border War 7473:1960 Turkish coup d'état 7390:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 7245:1953 Iranian coup d'état 7225:1952 Egyptian revolution 6436:President of South Korea 6412:President of South Korea 6284:Syngman Rhee's FBI files 6155:We Didn't Start the Fire 5959:Choy, Bong-youn (1971). 5910:"효령대군파 권37(孝寧大君派卷之三十七)" 5828: 5042:Jessup, John E. (1998). 4981: 4894:[Rhee Syngman]. 4890: 4661:[Rhee Syngman]. 4657: 4460: 4455:Cabinet of Rhee Syng-man 4430:President of South Korea 4340: 4330:Season 3 of the Podcast 4307:We Didn't Start the Fire 4103: 3783:Cabinet of Rhee Syng-man 3726:president of South Korea 3369:Maeil Business Newspaper 3359:The Korea Economic Daily 3305:United Liberal Democrats 3254:Korea Independence Party 3158:Democratic Liberal Party 3148:Democratic Justice Party 2782:Economic interventionism 2623:This article is part of 2443:Korean National Assembly 1927:Voluntary Agency Network 1185:Rhee became involved in 978:Second Republic of Korea 906:by the US military, and 818:president of South Korea 687:I Seungman / Ri Seungman 92:President of South Korea 32:Syngman Rhee (clergyman) 9847:South Korean Methodists 9812:Politicide perpetrators 9752:First Republic of Korea 8437:Fall of the Berlin Wall 8382:People Power Revolution 8367:Central American crisis 8307:1986 Black Sea incident 7957:1973 Afghan coup d'état 7855:Western Sahara conflict 7666:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7589:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7532:Portuguese Colonial War 7495:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 7260:1954 Syrian coup d'état 7137:Annexation of Hyderabad 7080:1947–1949 Palestine war 6800:and removed from office 6259:Syngman Rhee and Kim Ku 5546:Hastings (1988), p. 235 5390:San Diego Union Tribune 4992:Press. pp. 40–44. 4695:Encyclopædia Britannica 4305:'s 1989 music single, " 4110:Seoul National Cemetery 3987:Army Corps of Engineers 3889:Battle of Naktong Bulge 3663:. The British diplomat 3574:First Republic of Korea 3517:Conservatism portal 3497:Politics of South Korea 3168:Korea Nationalist Party 2345:Japanese-occupied Korea 1871:Korea Nationalist Party 1500:Anti-Japanese sentiment 1410:Korean Unification Flag 1191:First Sino-Japanese War 1181:Independence activities 1023:Grand Prince Yangnyeong 947:the armistice agreement 467:Seoul National Cemetery 80:Official portrait, 1948 9807:People of the Cold War 9782:Korean torture victims 8731:Neoclassical economics 8242:Gulf of Sidra incident 7799:1969 Libyan revolution 7490:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 7275:1954 Geneva Conference 7035:Turkish straits crisis 7030:Corfu Channel incident 6560:Provisional Government 6178:Department of the Army 5743:Cyrus Farivar (2011), 5562:International Security 5453:. 2008. Archived from 5413:Hastings (1988), p. 42 5371:Hastings (1988), p. 38 5191:Hastings, Max (1988). 4165: 3945:United Nations Command 3805: 3797: 3747: 3700:In November 1947, the 3641:1945 Moscow Conference 3529:South Korea portal 3472:Anti-Chinese sentiment 3244:Korea Democratic Party 3188:New Conservative Party 2617: 2609: 2593:Presidency (1948–1960) 2537:to convince President 2527:attack on Pearl Harbor 2388:Pacific Ocean Magazine 2233:North Korea portal 2221:South Korea portal 2179:Anti-Chinese sentiment 2097:Goguryeo controversies 1912:Liberation Association 1856:Democratic Labor Party 1780:Activists (after 1945) 701:I Sŭngman / Ri Sŭngman 9737:Converts to Methodism 9581:Russia–NATO relations 9462:Jonathan Reed Winkler 8746:Democratic capitalism 8741:Supply-side economics 8709:American conservatism 8508:Breakup of Yugoslavia 8397:Bougainville conflict 8312:South Yemen civil war 8247:Martial law in Poland 8110:Nicaraguan Revolution 8085:Dirty War (Argentina) 7892:1971 JVP insurrection 7706:Years of Lead (Italy) 7584:North Yemen civil war 7502:Berlin Crisis of 1961 7478:Albanian–Soviet split 7410:1959 Tibetan uprising 7375:Syrian Crisis of 1957 7230:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 7090:1948 Arab–Israeli War 5832:[Francesca]. 5620:Buzo, Adrian (2007). 5475:Hastings (1988), p.45 5423:Tirman, John (2011). 4315:I Married a Communist 4159: 4032:Resignation and exile 3803: 3795: 3738: 3492:National Security Act 3259:Korean National Party 3233:Dawn of Liberty Party 3198:People's Future Party 2881:Mutual Defense Treaty 2615: 2600: 2539:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2424:First Korean Congress 1866:Korean National Party 1214:Chunsaengmun incident 1048:education in various 996:Early life and career 960:, after his opponent 935:Bodo League massacres 853:political instability 41:, the family name is 9002:Non-Aligned Movement 8624:Peaceful coexistence 8578:North Borneo dispute 8493:German reunification 8488:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 8186:Salvadoran Civil War 8135:Grand Mosque seizure 8130:Yemenite War of 1979 8022:Mozambican Civil War 7977:Carnation Revolution 7932:Yemenite War of 1972 7870:1970 Polish protests 7701:1967 Hong Kong riots 7676:Argentine Revolution 7626:Guatemalan Civil War 7554:Cuban Missile Crisis 7468:Bay of Pigs Invasion 7340:1956 Poznań protests 7318:Geneva Summit (1955) 6920:Hukbalahap Rebellion 6899:Non-Aligned Movement 6739:(1988–present) 6235:. Washington, D.C.: 6176:. Washington, D.C.: 5457:on February 24, 2009 4373:Japan Inside and Out 4080:On 28 April 1960, a 4010:magazine cover, 1953 3878:Korean People's Army 3788:Political repression 3454:White Shirts Society 3183:National Association 3163:Grand National Party 3132:Parties (mainstream) 2760:Anti-North sentiment 2337:미국의 영향하에 발달된 국제법상 중립 2332:Princeton University 2107:Japan–Korea disputes 2059:White-clothed people 1967:White Shirts Society 1578:Inter-Korean summits 849:economic development 813:[iː.sɯŋ.man] 748:Revised Romanization 681:Revised Romanization 613:Princeton University 549: 1891; 519:National Association 9777:Korean nationalists 9447:Alex von Tunzelmann 9437:Vladimir Tismăneanu 9362:Thomas J. McCormick 9357:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 9257:Robert Hugh Ferrell 9120:Crusade for Freedom 8917:Illiberal democracy 8801:Ho Chi Minh Thought 8604:Eisenhower Doctrine 8457:Peaceful Revolution 8452:Romanian Revolution 8432:Revolutions of 1989 8417:1988 Polish strikes 8327:Operation INFEKTION 8322:1987 Lieyu massacre 8227:Eritrean Civil Wars 8210:Peruvian Revolution 8160:1979 Herat uprising 8150:Sino-Vietnamese War 8115:Uganda–Tanzania War 8095:Egyptian–Libyan War 8062:Third Indochina War 8057:Sino-Albanian split 8047:Ethiopian Civil War 7947:Eritrean Civil Wars 7887:Ping-pong diplomacy 7860:Cambodian Civil War 7686:Korean DMZ Conflict 7671:Cultural Revolution 7641:Dominican Civil War 7619:Tlatelolco massacre 7405:1959 Mosul uprising 7395:1958 Lebanon crisis 7122:Al-Wathbah uprising 7045:First Indochina War 7015:Iran crisis of 1946 5871:on 18 November 2011 5861:"KOREA: The Walnut" 5521:The Chief Executive 4576:. 15 November 2008. 4090:Civil Air Transport 3843:South Korean forces 3619:), chairman of the 3398:Other organizations 3215:United Future Party 3178:Liberty Korea Party 2911:October Restoration 2529:and the consequent 2007:Voice of the People 1934:Inactive or defunct 1850:Inactive or defunct 1630:June Tenth Movement 1465:National Liberation 1354:) and wrote in the 1198:sphere of influence 982:presidential palace 904:US-controlled Korea 894:suppression of the 9742:Exiled politicians 9601:Russian Revolution 9397:Mary Elise Sarotte 9382:William B. Pickett 9307:Patrick J. Hearden 9287:Gabriel Gorodetsky 9282:Timothy Garton Ash 9267:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 8862:Ethnic nationalism 8614:Hallstein Doctrine 8498:Yemeni unification 8287:1985 Geneva Summit 8252:Casamance conflict 8155:New Jewel Movement 8140:Iranian Revolution 8125:Chadian–Libyan War 8072:Cambodian conflict 8052:Lebanese Civil War 8042:Western Sahara War 8017:June 1976 protests 8012:Cambodian genocide 7777:17 July Revolution 7731:Nigerian Civil War 7646:Rhodesian Bush War 7631:Colombian conflict 7574:Ramadan Revolution 7313:Bandung Conference 7189:Operation Valuable 7070:Partition of India 6296:Political offices 6194:on 7 February 2014 6110:. 30 November 2023 5779:The New York Times 5594:James E. Dillard. 5360:A History of Korea 5122:"Japan surrenders" 4771:The Cold War Files 4669:Doosan Corporation 4619:Cha (2010), p. 174 4422:South Korea portal 4261:In popular culture 4251:conservative party 4182:1961 military coup 4166: 4073:, the student-led 3904:December massacres 3832:Mungyeong Massacre 3806: 3798: 3748: 3593:Preston Goodfellow 3580:surrender of Japan 3432:Unification Church 3285:People First Party 3203:People Power Party 3153:Future Korea Party 2618: 2610: 2567:Theodore Roosevelt 2492:president for life 2439:March 1st Movement 2328:Harvard University 2309:Theodore Roosevelt 2273:Russo-Japanese War 2122:Korean Eastern Sea 1922:Unification Church 1635:March 1st Movement 1555:Self-determination 1396:Korean nationalism 1356:Imperial Newspaper 954:re-elected in 1956 896:March 1st Movement 884:Theodore Roosevelt 603:Harvard University 375:Office established 207:Office established 9797:People from Haeju 9632: 9631: 9619:List of conflicts 9467:Rudolph Winnacker 9412:Giles Scott-Smith 9387:Ronald E. Powaski 9342:Melvyn P. Leffler 9272:John Lewis Gaddis 9247:Robert D. English 9212:Warren H. Carroll 9202:Michael Beschloss 9171:Nuclear arms race 9152: 9151: 9058:Neues Deutschland 8960: 8959: 8942:White nationalism 8912:Liberal democracy 8649:Ulbricht Doctrine 8639:Brezhnev Doctrine 8447:Velvet Revolution 8191:Soviet–Afghan War 8007:Angolan Civil War 7804:Goulash Communism 7661:ASEAN Declaration 7614:Mexican Dirty War 7512:Annexation of Goa 7463:1960 U-2 incident 7437:Sino-Soviet split 7415:Laotian Civil War 7255:Bricker Amendment 7235:Mau Mau rebellion 7179:Malayan Emergency 7167:Chinese Civil War 7127:Tito–Stalin split 6981:Division of Korea 6805: 6804: 6726:(1981–1988) 6705:Park Chung Hee • 6700:(1972–1981) 6685:(1963–1972) 6668:(1961–1963) 6633:(1960–1961) 6613:(1948–1960) 6454: 6453: 6443:Succeeded by 6430: 6406:Succeeded by 6379:Succeeded by 6369: 6354: 6344:Succeeded by 6319:Succeeded by 6187:978-0-16-001918-0 5806:978-1-135-92310-5 5730:978-1-134-26490-2 5703:Han, S-J. (1974) 5687:978-0-7914-9101-0 5660:978-0-231-54618-8 5633:978-0-415-41482-1 5436:978-0-19-538121-4 5358:Kyung Moon Hwang 5330:978-981-04-6020-4 5174:978-0-8129-7896-4 5107:The China Monthly 5057:978-0-313-28112-9 5028:978-0-8204-5010-0 4658:이승만 [李承晩] 4603:978-1-4094-7798-3 4197:and Ahn's nephew 4146:Prince Yangnyeong 4130:League of Nations 4022:National Assembly 3598:Douglas MacArthur 3565: 3564: 2987:Choung Byoung-gug 2603:Douglas MacArthur 2512:League of Nations 2347:. He served as a 2307:and US President 2275:with the help of 2269: 2268: 2086:The Cleanest Race 1861:Independence Club 1838:Progressive Party 1573:Division of Korea 1229:Independence Club 1154:Hyŏpsŏnghoe Hoebo 1019:Taejong of Joseon 1011:Hwanghae Province 984:, leading to the 912:National Assembly 870:school, where he 864:Hwanghae Province 857:public opposition 845:Rhee's government 782: 781: 762:McCune–Reischauer 695:McCune–Reischauer 437: 318:President of the 16:(Redirected from 9879: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9669: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9640: 9377:David S. Painter 9302:John Earl Haynes 9232:Nicholas J. Cull 9217:Adrian Cioroianu 9197:Thomas A. Bailey 9144:Voice of America 9035: 9034: 8947:White separatism 8927:Social democracy 8922:Guided democracy 8902:Authoritarianism 8852:Ultranationalism 8842:Anti-imperialism 8769:Marxism–Leninism 8682: 8681: 8669:Kinmen Agreement 8634:Johnson Doctrine 8619:Kennedy Doctrine 8535:Frozen conflicts 8518:1991 August Coup 8407:Afghan Civil War 8302:Reykjavík Summit 8297:Somali Rebellion 8237:Ugandan Bush War 8215:Gdańsk Agreement 7736:Protests of 1968 7716:War of Attrition 7425:Cuban Revolution 7361:We will bury you 7328:Cyprus Emergency 7308:Kashmir Princess 7298:Jebel Akhdar War 7147:Western betrayal 6832: 6825: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6740: 6727: 6711:Park Choong-hoon 6701: 6686: 6669: 6634: 6614: 6564: 6553: 6547: 6517: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6489: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6424: 6420:Preceded by 6389:Preceded by 6363: 6359:Preceded by 6348: 6329:Preceded by 6293: 6292: 6288:Internet Archive 6272: 6254: 6248: 6240: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6190:. Archived from 6158: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5993: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5962:Korea: A History 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5878: 5876: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5824: 5811: 5810: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5775: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5748: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5714: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5553: 5547: 5544: 5535: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5495: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5394:Associated Press 5381: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5316: 5308:Croissant, Aurel 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5275: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5231: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5198: 5188: 5179: 5178: 5162: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5073: 5062: 5061: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4979: 4978: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4943: 4926: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4886: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4805: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4777:on 14 March 2014 4763: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4734:CNN Student News 4726: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4653: 4620: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4587: 4578: 4577: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4536: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4508:Korean Peninsula 4504: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4483:de jure Japanese 4480: 4474: 4471: 4435:Francesca Donner 4424: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4394:Biography portal 4391: 4390: 4389: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4326: 4325: 4241:in the country. 4236: 4235: 4207: 4142:Prince Hyoryeong 4126:Franziska Donner 4098:Francesca Donner 4075:April Revolution 4001: 3991:Han River Bridge 3982: 3956: 3893:Battle of Inchon 3723: 3722: 3717: 3716: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3647: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3515: 3514: 3513: 2921:Taegukgi rallies 2838:Moral absolutism 2777:Communitarianism 2647: 2637: 2620: 2619: 2577: 2562: 2523:Japan Inside Out 2505: 2504: 2499: 2498: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2451: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2378: 2353:105-Man Incident 2339: 2338: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2174:Anti-Americanism 2102:Hangul supremacy 1827:Democratic Party 1533:Korean mythology 1495:Anti-imperialism 1407: 1397: 1382: 1381: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1338:), compiled the 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1243: 1222: 1175: 1162: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1106: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1007:Pyeongsan County 970:April Revolution 838: 837: 832: 831: 815: 810: 806: 805: 796: 795: 770: 756: 741: 740: 725: 724: 703: 689: 674: 673: 658: 657: 634: 576: 574: 564:Franziska Donner 554: 552: 548: 448: 431: 415: 413: 397:Personal details 383: 371: 339: 330: 312:Office abolished 308: 296: 279: 257: 245: 236: 215: 203: 172: 121: 111: 102: 78: 69: 52: 51: 21: 9887: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9685: 9683: 9670: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9628: 9605: 9596:Second Cold War 9554: 9482: 9476: 9452:Odd Arne Westad 9442:Patrick Vaughan 9427:Athan Theoharis 9407:Ellen Schrecker 9392:Yakov M. Rabkin 9367:Timothy Naftali 9312:Tvrtko Jakovina 9297:Jussi Hanhimäki 9180: 9158: 9148: 9126:Paix et Liberté 9101: 9045:Active measures 9026: 8956: 8937:White supremacy 8897:Totalitarianism 8825: 8750: 8673: 8659:Reagan Doctrine 8654:Carter Doctrine 8594:Truman Doctrine 8582: 8529: 8461: 8356:Soviet reaction 8267:Ndogboyosoi War 8174: 8145:Saur Revolution 7972:1973 oil crisis 7937:Munich massacre 7845:Alcora Exercise 7840:Black September 7818: 7564:Sino-Indian War 7458:Simba rebellion 7441: 7285:Capture of the 7193: 7132:Berlin Blockade 7065:May 1947 crises 7055:Truman Doctrine 7020:Greek Civil War 7009:Blacklist Forty 6976:Gouzenko Affair 6963:Cursed soldiers 6915:Morgenthau Plan 6903: 6841: 6836: 6806: 6801: 6787: 6738: 6737:Sixth Republic 6732: 6725: 6717: 6699: 6697:Fourth Republic 6691: 6684: 6676: 6667: 6657: 6632: 6630:Second Republic 6624: 6618:Syngman Rhee • 6612: 6604: 6562: 6554: 6548: 6539: 6515: 6507: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6450: 6448: 6439: 6423: 6415: 6409: 6402: 6394: 6384: 6375: 6362: 6347: 6340: 6334: 6324: 6315: 6307: 6304: 6280: 6266: 6242: 6241: 6221:Lew, Yong Ick. 6206:Fields, David. 6197: 6195: 6188: 6166: 6164:Further reading 6161: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6006: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5892: 5888: 5874: 5872: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5814: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5742: 5738: 5731: 5715: 5711: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5589: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5516: 5512: 5507:. 3 April 2017. 5504:The Korea Times 5497: 5496: 5492: 5484:Merrill, John, 5483: 5479: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5382: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5314: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5277: 5276: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5254:on 4 March 2021 5246: 5245: 5241: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5153: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5083:The Korea Times 5074: 5065: 5058: 5044:"Rhee, Syngman" 5040: 5036: 5029: 5015:"Rhee, Syngman" 5011: 5007: 5000: 4983: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4953:The Korea Times 4944: 4929: 4923:Foreign Friends 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4803: 4797: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4765: 4764: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4728: 4727: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4623: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4588: 4581: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4505: 4501: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4440:Inha University 4420: 4415: 4413: 4408:Politics portal 4406: 4399: 4392: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4343: 4263: 4225:founding father 4214:Fourth Republic 4201: 4178:Second Republic 4154: 4118: 4106: 4034: 4018: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3983: 3974: 3967:Ralph A. Ofstie 3957: 3857: 3851: 3815:Kim Chang-ryong 3790: 3785: 3779: 3744:Chiang Kai-shek 3695:Truman Doctrine 3689:'s policies of 3687:Harry S. Truman 3673:Chiang Kai-shek 3576: 3570: 3561: 3523: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3502: 3501: 3467: 3459: 3458: 3399: 3391: 3390: 3318: 3310: 3309: 3228: 3227:Parties (minor) 3220: 3219: 3193:New Korea Party 3133: 3125: 3124: 3110: 3102: 3101: 2982:Chung Mong-joon 2972: 2964: 2963: 2949:Park Heong-joon 2934: 2926: 2925: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2843:Pro-Americanism 2750: 2742: 2741: 2711:Christian right 2655: 2635: 2633: 2595: 2588: 2578: 2569: 2563: 2464: 2445: 2265: 2227: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2206: 2205: 2201:Sunshine Policy 2164: 2156: 2155: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2048:Paektu Mountain 2021: 2013: 2012: 1980: 1972: 1971: 1931: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1847: 1819: 1811: 1810: 1781: 1773: 1772: 1748:Lyuh Woon-hyung 1728:Kwon Young-ghil 1688: 1680: 1679: 1655: 1647: 1646: 1568: 1560: 1559: 1545:Postcolonialism 1519:Korean diaspora 1490: 1482: 1481: 1420: 1412: 1395: 1380: 1370:). He was also 1216: 1183: 1169: 1156: 1100: 1035:Gimhae Kim clan 1003: 998: 962:Chough Pyung-ok 908:on 20 July 1948 808: 742: 726: 675: 659: 622: 579: 578: 575: 1934) 570: 566: 556: 553: 1909) 544: 540: 537: 514: 513:Other political 502:Political party 497: 450: 446: 434:Pongchon County 430: 420:Pyongsan County 417: 411: 409: 408: 407: 381: 369: 364: 337: 331: 326: 306: 294: 280: 275: 255: 243: 237: 232: 213: 201: 196: 168: 163: 159:Byeon Yeong-tae 149:Chang Taek-sang 123: 122: 117: 109: 103: 98: 81: 67: 62: 59: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9885: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9694: 9693: 9664: 9650:Monthly Chosun 9634: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9562: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9486: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9422:Timothy Snyder 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9352:Vojtech Mastny 9349: 9347:Geir Lundestad 9344: 9339: 9337:Walter Laqueur 9334: 9332:Walter LaFeber 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9262:André Fontaine 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9192:Gar Alperovitz 9188: 9186: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9162: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9122: 9117: 9109: 9107: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9099: 9092: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8932:Third-Worldism 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8760: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8721:Libertarianism 8718: 8713: 8712: 8711: 8701: 8699:Chicago school 8696: 8690: 8688: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8644:Nixon Doctrine 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8590: 8588: 8587:Foreign policy 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8372:Operation RYAN 8369: 8364: 8359: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8277:Able Archer 83 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8027:Oromo conflict 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7967:Yom Kippur War 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7599:Aden Emergency 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7517:Papua conflict 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7449: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7422: 7420:Kitchen Debate 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7380:Sputnik crisis 7377: 7372: 7364: 7357: 7352: 7350:Polish October 7347: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7250:Pact of Madrid 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7205:Bamboo Curtain 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6965: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6945: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6835: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6743: 6741: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6723:Fifth Republic 6719: 6718: 6704: 6702: 6693: 6692: 6690:Park Chung Hee 6689: 6687: 6682:Third Republic 6678: 6677: 6674:Park Chung Hee 6672: 6670: 6664:Military Junta 6659: 6658: 6640:Kwak Sang-hoon 6637: 6635: 6626: 6625: 6617: 6615: 6610:First Republic 6606: 6605: 6593:Yi Dong-nyeong 6573:Yi Dong-nyeong 6567: 6565: 6556: 6555: 6542: 6540: 6526:Yi Dong-nyeong 6520: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6483: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6460: 6452: 6451: 6444: 6441: 6431: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6407: 6404: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6377: 6370: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6345: 6342: 6335: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6317: 6308: 6305: 6298: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6286:hosted at the 6279: 6278:External links 6276: 6275: 6274: 6255: 6226: 6219: 6216:978-0813177199 6204: 6186: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6147: 6121: 6093: 6065: 6036: 6011: 6004: 5978: 5971: 5951: 5926: 5901: 5886: 5852: 5812: 5805: 5785: 5763: 5749: 5736: 5729: 5709: 5693: 5686: 5666: 5659: 5639: 5632: 5612: 5600: 5587: 5548: 5536: 5527: 5510: 5490: 5477: 5468: 5442: 5435: 5415: 5406: 5373: 5364: 5351: 5329: 5299: 5265: 5239: 5216: 5209: 5195:The Korean War 5180: 5173: 5144: 5113: 5096: 5063: 5056: 5034: 5027: 5005: 4998: 4966: 4927: 4914: 4836: 4788: 4767:"Syngman Rhee" 4747: 4708: 4690:"Syngman Rhee" 4681: 4621: 4609: 4602: 4579: 4574:www.smh.com.au 4558: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4512: 4499: 4486: 4475: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4411: 4397: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4370: 4362: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4299: 4290: 4277: 4262: 4259: 4199:Ahn Chun-saeng 4186:Park Chung Hee 4153: 4150: 4117: 4114: 4105: 4102: 4033: 4030: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3984: 3977: 3975: 3958: 3951: 3859:Both Rhee and 3853:Main article: 3850: 3847: 3789: 3786: 3781:Main article: 3778: 3775: 3637:anti-communist 3572:Main article: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3519: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3466:Related topics 3465: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3264:National Youth 3261: 3256: 3251: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3072:Park Chung Hee 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2755:Anti-communism 2751: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2636:in South Korea 2629: 2628: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2579: 2572: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2514:conference in 2437:Following the 2364:Woodrow Wilson 2277:Min Young-hwan 2267: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2223: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2163:Related topics 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1846: 1845: 1843:Workers' Party 1840: 1835: 1830: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1806:Sun Myung Moon 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1763:Park Chung Hee 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1693:Hwang Jang-yop 1689: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1539:Minjok jeonggi 1535: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1516: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1505:Decolonization 1502: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1457: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1400: 1399: 1391: 1390: 1379: 1376: 1268:Park Yeong-hyo 1233:Russian Empire 1208:, the wife of 1182: 1179: 1107:, an American 1098:Paechae School 1066:) and Dodong ( 1002: 999: 997: 994: 919:anti-communist 874:. He became a 780: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 764: 758: 757: 750: 744: 743: 736: 734: 728: 727: 720: 718: 712: 711: 705: 704: 697: 691: 690: 683: 677: 676: 669: 667: 661: 660: 653: 651: 645: 644: 640: 639: 636: 635: 628: 624: 623: 621: 620: 610: 600: 589: 587: 581: 580: 568: 562: 561: 560: 559: 542: 538: 536:Seungseon Park 535: 534: 533: 532: 529: 527: 523: 522: 516: 510: 509: 503: 499: 498: 496: 495: 489: 483: 476: 474: 470: 469: 464: 460: 459: 449:(aged 90) 443: 439: 438: 436:, North Korea) 405: 403: 399: 398: 394: 393: 390: 389: 384: 378: 377: 372: 366: 365: 363: 362: 359: 356: 353: 348: 342: 340: 338:Prime Minister 334: 333: 323: 322: 315: 314: 309: 303: 302: 297: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 272: 271: 264: 263: 258: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 229: 228: 222: 221: 216: 210: 209: 204: 198: 197: 195: 194: 191: 186: 181: 175: 173: 170:Vice President 165: 164: 162: 161: 156: 151: 146: 140: 135: 129: 116: 115: 114: 112: 110:Prime Minister 106: 105: 95: 94: 87: 86: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 64: 63: 60: 57:His Excellency 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9884: 9873: 9872:War criminals 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9681: 9680: 9679:The Hankyoreh 9675: 9668: 9652: 9651: 9646: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9608: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9586:War on terror 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9557: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9481:Espionage and 9479: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9432:Andrew Thorpe 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9327:Gabriel Kolko 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9292:Fred Halliday 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9277:Lloyd Gardner 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9237:Norman Davies 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9222:John Costello 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9157:Technological 9155: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038:Pro-communist 9036: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8965:Organizations 8963: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8779:Eurocommunism 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8753: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8609:Domino theory 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8563:South Ossetia 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8532: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8347:8888 Uprising 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8292:Iran–Iraq War 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8257:Falklands War 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8120:NDF Rebellion 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8100:German Autumn 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7987:Metapolitefsi 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7821: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7749: 7748:Prague Spring 7746: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7726:Al-Wadiah War 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7691:12-3 incident 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7362: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7270:Domino theory 7268: 7266: 7265:Petrov Affair 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7142:Madiun Affair 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7102:Marshall Plan 7100: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6851:United States 6848: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6785:Yoon Suk Yeol 6782: 6778: 6777: 6776:Hwang Kyo-ahn 6772: 6771:Park Geun-hye 6768: 6767:Lee Myung-bak 6764: 6763: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6749:Kim Young-sam 6746: 6742: 6735: 6731:Chun Doo-hwan 6729: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6715:Chun Doo-hwan 6712: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6585:Yi Sang-ryong 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6537: 6534:(Shanghai) • 6533: 6532: 6528:(Shanghai) • 6527: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6495: 6490: 6488:Presidents of 6481: 6476: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6447: 6438: 6437: 6429: 6428: 6418: 6413: 6401: 6400: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6303: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6270: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6156: 6151: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6040: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5991: 5982: 5974: 5972:9781462912483 5968: 5964: 5963: 5955: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5841: 5838:(in Korean). 5837: 5836: 5831: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5808: 5802: 5799:. Routledge. 5798: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5780: 5774: 5767: 5759: 5753: 5746: 5740: 5732: 5726: 5723:. Routledge. 5722: 5721: 5713: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5616: 5609: 5604: 5597: 5591: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5543: 5541: 5531: 5523: 5522: 5514: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5487: 5481: 5472: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5419: 5410: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5378: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5212: 5210:9780671668341 5206: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5187: 5185: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5151: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5100: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5059: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5009: 5001: 4999:89-461-0345-0 4995: 4991: 4990:JoongAng Ilbo 4987: 4974:Yu Yeong-ik ( 4970: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4924: 4918: 4903: 4900:(in Korean). 4899: 4898: 4893: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4793: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4670: 4667:(in Korean). 4666: 4665: 4660: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4584: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4516: 4509: 4506:In 1910, the 4503: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4479: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4412: 4409: 4403: 4398: 4395: 4384: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4258: 4256: 4255:conservatives 4252: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4191:Ahn Jung-geun 4187: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4158: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4116:Personal life 4113: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4052:Cho Byeong-ok 4049: 4048:In March 1960 4045: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3899:Bukjin Tongil 3894: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3874:38th parallel 3870: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3824:Jeju uprising 3820: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3794: 3784: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3678:John R. Hodge 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3642: 3638: 3622: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3347:JoongAng Ilbo 3345: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295:Saenuri Party 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3239:Free Korea 21 3237: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3209:Saenuri Party 3207: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3173:Liberal Party 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3120:Park Sang-hak 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3097:Yoon Suk Yeol 3095: 3093: 3092:Suh Chung-won 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077:Park Geun-hye 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3057:Kim Young-sam 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3017:Lee Myung-bak 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3007:Lee Hoi-chang 3005: 3003: 3002:Lee Beom-seok 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992:Hwang Kyo-ahn 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977:Chun Doo-hwan 2975: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2959:Yoo Seong-min 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2933:Intellectuals 2930: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2848:Protectionism 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2736: 2735:neo-Confucian 2733: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2696:Paternalistic 2694: 2690: 2689:State-aligned 2687: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2660:Authoritarian 2658: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2586: 2583: 2576: 2571: 2568: 2561: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2389: 2373: 2369: 2368:Park Yong-man 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2278: 2274: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2224: 2222: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2092:Gando dispute 2090: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2079:Bukjin Tongil 2076: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1993:Rodong Sinmun 1990: 1988: 1987: 1986:The Hankyoreh 1983: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1898:Organizations 1895: 1894: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876:Liberal Party 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1738:Lee Jae-myung 1736: 1734: 1733:Lee Beom-seok 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1665:Choe Nam-seon 1663: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1654:Intellectuals 1651: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1550:Reunification 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1375: 1373: 1357: 1341: 1325: 1309: 1269: 1264: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187:Anti-Japanese 1178: 1176: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1143:) created by 1114: 1110: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 958:in March 1960 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 826: 823: 819: 814: 800: 790: 786: 777: 773: 769: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 749: 745: 735: 733: 729: 719: 717: 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 682: 678: 668: 666: 662: 652: 650: 646: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 618: 614: 611: 608: 604: 601: 598: 594: 591: 590: 588: 586: 582: 565: 558: 557: 531: 530: 528: 524: 520: 517: 511: 507: 504: 500: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 477: 475: 471: 468: 465: 463:Resting place 461: 457: 453: 444: 440: 435: 429: 425: 421: 416:26 March 1875 406:Rhee Syng-man 404: 400: 395: 391: 388: 385: 379: 376: 373: 367: 360: 357: 354: 352: 351:Yi Dongnyeong 349: 347: 344: 343: 341: 335: 329: 324: 321: 316: 313: 310: 304: 301: 298: 292: 288: 284: 278: 273: 270: 265: 262: 259: 253: 250: 247: 241: 235: 230: 227: 223: 220: 217: 211: 208: 205: 199: 192: 190: 189:Ham Tae-young 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 174: 171: 166: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 144: 141: 139: 136: 133: 130: 128: 127:Lee Beom-seok 125: 124: 120: 113: 107: 101: 96: 93: 88: 84: 77: 72: 65: 58: 53: 50: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 18:Rhee Syng-man 9707:Syngman Rhee 9684:. Retrieved 9677: 9667: 9655:. Retrieved 9648: 9638: 9591:Brinkmanship 9483:intelligence 9372:Marius Oprea 9322:Harvey Klehr 9252:Herbert Feis 9242:Willem Drees 9207:Archie Brown 9124: 9112: 9094: 9084:Trybuna Ludu 9082: 9075: 9071:Radio Moscow 9063: 9056: 9049: 8877:Anti-Zionism 8793: 8716:Keynesianism 8704:Conservatism 8568:Transnistria 8548:China-Taiwan 8205:Gera Demands 8078: 7879: 7754: 7559:El Porteñazo 7453:Congo Crisis 7368: 7303:Algerian War 7286: 7162:Western Bloc 7157:Eastern Bloc 7152:Iron Curtain 7008: 7000: 6992: 6969: 6949: 6941: 6858:Soviet Union 6856: 6849: 6793: 6774: 6760: 6757:Roh Moo-hyun 6753:Kim Dae-jung 6710: 6707:Choi Kyu-hah 6662: 6650:Baek Nak-jun 6648: 6644: 6638: 6619: 6580: 6577:Park Eun-sik 6572: 6569:Syngman Rhee 6568: 6531:Ahn Chang Ho 6529: 6522:Syngman Rhee 6521: 6433: 6426: 6425: 6422:Syngman Rhee 6408:Syngman Rhee 6397: 6372: 6365: 6364: 6350: 6349: 6337: 6310: 6301: 6257: 6231: 6222: 6207: 6196:. Retrieved 6192:the original 6172: 6150: 6138:. Retrieved 6133: 6124: 6112:. Retrieved 6107:Gallup Korea 6105: 6096: 6084:. Retrieved 6080:The Diplomat 6078: 6068: 6056:. Retrieved 6049: 6039: 6027:. Retrieved 6024:FamilySearch 6023: 6014: 5989: 5981: 5961: 5954: 5942:. Retrieved 5939:FamilySearch 5938: 5929: 5917:. Retrieved 5913: 5904: 5895: 5894:정병준 (2005). 5889: 5880: 5873:. Retrieved 5869:the original 5864: 5855: 5843:. Retrieved 5833: 5795: 5788: 5777: 5766: 5752: 5744: 5739: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5676: 5669: 5649: 5642: 5622: 5615: 5603: 5590: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5530: 5520: 5513: 5502: 5493: 5485: 5480: 5471: 5461:December 15, 5459:. Retrieved 5455:the original 5445: 5425: 5418: 5409: 5397:. Retrieved 5389: 5367: 5359: 5354: 5342:. Retrieved 5319: 5302: 5290:. Retrieved 5282: 5256:. Retrieved 5252:the original 5242: 5232:– via 5226: 5219: 5194: 5158: 5135:. Retrieved 5132:A+E Networks 5125: 5116: 5106: 5099: 5087:. Retrieved 5081: 5047: 5037: 5018: 5008: 4985: 4969: 4957:. Retrieved 4951: 4922: 4917: 4905:. Retrieved 4895: 4827:. Retrieved 4810:(12–19): 2. 4807: 4779:. Retrieved 4775:the original 4770: 4738:. Retrieved 4733: 4699:. Retrieved 4693: 4684: 4672:. Retrieved 4662: 4592: 4573: 4549:. Retrieved 4543: 4534: 4515: 4502: 4489: 4478: 4469: 4372: 4365: 4346: 4331: 4313: 4293: 4284: 4273:Eyes of Dawn 4271: 4246:Gallup Korea 4243: 4228: 4218: 4174: 4167: 4138:Lee Ki-poong 4134: 4123: 4119: 4107: 4079: 4059:Lee Ki-poong 4056: 4046: 4035: 4019: 4005: 3964:Rear Admiral 3941: 3929: 3925: 3909: 3897: 3891:. After the 3882: 3871: 3858: 3836: 3819:Max Hastings 3807: 3767: 3749: 3699: 3683: 3665:Roger Makins 3657: 3606: 3601: 3585:Max Hastings 3577: 3482:Chojoongdong 3437: 3436: 3401: 3290:People Party 3247: 3138:Bareun Party 3115:Ha Tae-keung 3087:Syngman Rhee 3086: 3062:Na Kyung-won 3052:Kim Moo-sung 3042:Kim Jong-pil 3022:Kim Chong-in 3012:Lee Jun-seok 2939:Kim Seong-su 2828:Japanophobia 2814:Japanophilia 2772:Confucianism 2767:Asian values 2729:Hongik Ingan 2727: 2664: 2634:Conservatism 2522: 2520: 2508: 2485: 2452:(a group in 2436: 2428:Philadelphia 2387: 2361: 2342: 2321: 2270: 2185:Gaecheonjeol 2183: 2084: 2077: 2026:Korean flags 2005: 1998: 1991: 1984: 1956:Hanchongnyon 1954: 1933: 1932: 1901: 1849: 1848: 1821: 1801:Moon Ik-hwan 1796:Lim Su-kyung 1768:Syngman Rhee 1767: 1758:Park Eun-sik 1743:Lim Su-kyung 1703:Kim Jae-yeon 1670:Shin Chae-ho 1660:Ahn Chang Ho 1537: 1523: 1511: 1452: 1443: 1429: 1425:Conservative 1355: 1339: 1323: 1307: 1265: 1236: 1184: 1167:Maeil Sinmun 1165: 1152: 1112: 1093: 1083: 1054:in Nakdong ( 1049: 1039: 1004: 966:Lee Ki-poong 951: 923:pro-American 916: 861: 824: 785:Syngman Rhee 784: 783: 515:affiliations 482:(until 1910) 447:(1965-07-19) 445:19 July 1965 382:Succeeded by 374: 327: 311: 307:Succeeded by 276: 256:Succeeded by 233: 214:Succeeded by 206: 184:Kim Seong-su 132:Shin Song-mo 118: 99: 61:Syngman Rhee 49: 42: 9767:House of Yi 9717:1965 deaths 9712:1875 births 9682:(in Korean) 9653:(in Korean) 9417:Shen Zhihua 9227:Michael Cox 9159:competition 9106:Pro-Western 9096:Soviet Life 9022:Safari Club 8992:Warsaw Pact 8847:Nationalism 8837:Imperialism 8736:Reaganomics 8599:Containment 8392:Perestroika 7881:Realpolitik 7711:Six-Day War 7696:Greek junta 7507:Berlin Wall 7355:Suez Crisis 7323:Vietnam War 7210:McCarthyism 7025:Baruch Plan 6970:Unthinkable 6930:Dekemvriana 6869:Warsaw Pact 6781:Moon Jae-in 6745:Roh Tae-woo 6589:Yang Gi-tak 6563:(1919–1948) 6536:Yi Dong-hwi 6493:South Korea 6382:Shin Ik-hee 6332:Kim Kyu-sik 6322:Park Eunsik 6267: [ 6198:15 December 6054:(in Korean) 4980:) (1996). 4540:"이승만 (李承晩)" 4234:해방 전후사의 재인식 4202: [ 4038:Third World 4016:Re-election 3969:during the 3861:Kim Il Sung 3839:Bodo League 3828:Jeju Island 3811:Ahn Doo-hee 3760:inaugurated 3691:Containment 3381:Munhwa Ilbo 3364:Kukmin Ilbo 3335:Dong-a Ilbo 3323:Chosun Ilbo 3211:(2012–2017) 3082:Roh Tae-woo 3047:Kim Kyu-sik 3037:Kim Jin-pyo 3032:Kim Kyu-sik 2971:Politicians 2944:B. R. Myers 2832:"Old Right" 2799:Familialism 2792:Meritocracy 2723:Traditional 2607:South Korea 2585:Kim Kyu-sik 2531:Pacific War 2465: [ 2454:Vladivostok 2446: [ 2432:Seo Jae-pil 2357:Minneapolis 2313:peace talks 2041:Unification 2000:Tongil News 1791:Kim Ou-joon 1786:Baek Ki-wan 1753:Moon Jae-in 1723:Kim Yo-jong 1713:Kim Jong Un 1708:Kim Jong Il 1698:Kim Il Sung 1687:Politicians 1675:Yun Dong-ju 1217: [ 1210:King Gojong 1170: [ 1157: [ 1149:Gapsin Coup 1145:Seo Jae-pil 1101: [ 801:: 791:: 643:Korean name 521:(1946–1951) 508:(1951–1961) 494:(from 1945) 492:South Korea 488:(1910–1945) 473:Citizenship 387:Park Eunsik 370:Preceded by 361:Park Eunsik 358:No Baek-rin 355:Sin Gyu-sik 295:Preceded by 261:Shin Ik-hee 249:Kim Kyu-sik 244:Preceded by 202:Preceded by 179:Yi Si-yeong 154:Baek Du-jin 143:Yi Yun-yong 39:Korean name 9701:Categories 9185:Historians 9176:Space Race 9077:Rudé právo 9031:Propaganda 8887:Neo-Nazism 8857:Chauvinism 8811:Trotskyism 8726:Monetarism 8694:Liberalism 8686:Capitalism 8678:Ideologies 8629:Ostpolitik 8352:Solidarity 8317:Toyota War 8220:Solidarity 8077:Operation 8032:Ogaden War 7721:Dhofar War 7609:Shifta War 7367:Operation 7215:Korean War 7007:Operation 6999:Operation 6991:Operation 6968:Operation 6948:Operation 6940:Operation 6655:Yun Po-sun 6581:Lee Yu-pil 6403:1947–1948 6264:Son Sae-il 6114:5 February 6086:6 February 6058:6 February 6005:0801484588 5234:Wikisource 4925:, p. 17–19 4527:References 4303:Billy Joel 4286:Seoul 1945 4283:TV series 4270:TV series 4094:Blue House 4063:Chang Myon 3971:Korean War 3932:Eisenhower 3855:Korean War 3849:Korean War 3739:Rhee with 3602:The Bataan 3578:After the 3386:Segye Ilbo 3067:Oh Se-hoon 2997:Kim Du-han 2954:Yi Munyeol 2876:Korean War 2804:Free trade 2749:Principles 2139:Propaganda 1829:(factions) 1642:Korean War 1489:Principles 1419:Ideologies 1031:Yi Sun-sin 1027:Yi Sun-sin 1001:Early life 943:Korean War 929:, and the 882:President 809:pronounced 585:Alma mater 412:1875-03-26 346:Yi Donghwi 193:Chang Myon 138:Chang Myon 9832:Sadaejuui 9472:Ken Young 9317:Tony Judt 9166:Arms race 9139:Red Scare 9007:NN States 8952:Apartheid 8907:Autocracy 8816:Stalinism 8784:Guevarism 8774:Castroism 8764:Communism 8756:Socialism 8282:Star Wars 7875:Koza riot 7001:Beleaguer 6993:Masterdom 6798:Impeached 6446:Heo Jeong 6245:cite book 5914:장서각기록유산DB 4982:이승만의 삶과 꿈 4816:1092-6232 4221:New Right 3937:powerplay 3866:Pyongyang 3715:대한민국 제헌국회 3616:獨立促成中央協議會 3610:독립촉성중앙위원회 3340:Channel A 3328:TV Chosun 3281:(present) 3235:(present) 3205:(present) 3109:Activists 2885:Republic 2853:Tradition 2820:New Right 2809:Hierarchy 2706:Religious 2674:Corporate 2535:Chongqing 2036:Taegeukgi 2020:Symbolism 1460:Left-wing 1439:Communist 1322:), wrote 1113:sinhakmun 1109:Methodist 1046:Confucian 939:communist 931:Mungyeong 868:Methodist 656:이승만 / 리승만 627:Signature 486:Stateless 328:In office 277:In office 234:In office 219:Yun Posun 145:(acting) 134:(acting) 100:In office 9624:Timeline 9614:Category 9559:See also 9051:Izvestia 8892:Islamism 8789:Hoxhaism 8664:Rollback 8543:Abkhazia 8483:Gulf War 8387:Glasnost 7757:incident 7527:Sand War 7385:Ifni War 6894:Rio Pact 6839:Cold War 6645:Ho Chong 6621:Ho Chong 6597:Hong Jin 6449:(Acting) 6140:18 March 6051:OhmyNews 5875:20 March 5582:57566528 5335:Archived 5310:(2002). 4959:14 March 4907:13 March 4829:14 March 4820:Archived 4781:13 March 4740:13 March 4701:13 March 4674:12 March 4664:Doopedia 4380:See also 4333:Blowback 4195:Kim Shin 4170:Ihwajang 4004:Rhee on 3769:chinilpa 3721:大韓民國制憲國會 3693:and the 3248:de facto 2701:Populist 2684:National 2666:Ilminism 2625:a series 2541:and the 2372:Honolulu 2305:John Hay 1917:Nodutdol 1603:Sep 2018 1598:May 2018 1593:Apr 2018 1472:Romantic 1431:Ilminism 1387:a series 1385:Part of 1372:tortured 1202:Japanese 1080:smallpox 990:Honolulu 892:Japanese 862:Born in 822:art name 709:Art name 452:Honolulu 424:Hwanghae 119:See list 90:1st 37:In this 9114:Amerika 8997:Comecon 8882:Fascism 8872:Zionism 8821:Titoism 8362:Contras 7830:Détente 7107:Comecon 6794:Italics 6762:Goh Kun 6361:Himself 6346:Himself 5896:우남이승만연구 5845:7 April 5344:8 April 5292:8 April 5258:8 April 5137:7 April 5127:History 5089:7 April 4551:5 April 4361:; 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