1251:
113:
1019:
Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the
British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.
777:
728:
810:
766:
755:
718:
744:
799:
875:
Mitchell, Charles E.; Michael J. Melchin; Chris B. Cameron; Jörg Maletz (2012). "Phylogenetic analysis reveals that
Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite".
788:
221:
958:
441:
430:
474:
342:
320:
287:
1148:
298:
386:
353:
243:
232:
1187:
408:
397:
364:
254:
419:
331:
309:
276:
1292:
485:
375:
936:
1122:
1161:
1250:
1166:
1014:
910:
Sato, A; Rickards, RB; Holland PWH (2008). "The origins of graptolites and other pterobranchs: a journey from 'Polyzoa'".
1024:
1192:
1285:
17:
1174:
1321:
1101:
1096:
1083:
1316:
1278:
1202:
1074:
1009:
1311:
1228:
1036:
678:
1223:
656:
645:
1215:
1153:
689:
667:
121:
8:
584:
1266:
508:
129:
1088:
1210:
1109:
1020:
993:
923:
892:
888:
874:
857:
983:
919:
884:
847:
1114:
1059:
1179:
112:
1262:
972:"Developmental biology of pterobranch hemichordates: history and perspectives"
1305:
896:
861:
852:
835:
572:
463:
176:
164:
70:
836:"The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)"
1258:
997:
709:
580:
495:
152:
1135:
1068:
576:
452:
45:
1127:
90:
55:
1140:
988:
971:
595:, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms.
697:
608:
588:
265:
95:
1030:
1053:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
947:
100:
75:
587:, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and
575:, which are small, worm-shaped animals, are the only surviving
140:
612:
592:
909:
599:
is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology.
969:
27:Order of hemichordates in the pterobranchian class
1303:
237:Ulrich & Ruedemann, 1931 ex Ruedemann, 1933
1286:
868:
1293:
1279:
959:Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates
591:tubes called tubarium. They have a single
111:
987:
970:Sato, A; Bishop JDD; Holland PWH (2008).
851:
615:, containing four to six living species.
14:
1304:
833:
1035:
1034:
1245:
1203:f2ae5f53-0345-4319-a0c7-d3814a695a2b
804:Chapman, Durman & Rickards, 1995
771:Rickards, Chapman & Temple, 1984
760:Chapman, Durman & Rickards, 1995
571:is one of three orders in the class
674:— Atlantic and parts of the Pacific
24:
358:Kozlowski, 1938 ex Kozlowski, 1949
25:
1333:
479:Kozlowski 1938 ex Kozlowski, 1949
1249:
924:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00123.x
889:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00319.x
43:
683:Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018
963:
952:
941:
937:Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
930:
903:
827:
611:. It has only a single extant
13:
1:
820:
347:Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1967
1265:. You can help Knowledge by
583:. Species in this order are
468:Chapman, 1917 non Hall, 1847
457:Bengtson & Urbanek, 1986
7:
793:Durman & Sennikov, 1993
602:
10:
1338:
1244:
733:Jullien & Calvet, 1903
259:Chapman & Thomas, 1936
1043:
514:
507:
216:
211:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
853:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465
579:. Members belong to the
840:Bulletin of Geosciences
778:Rhabdopleura kozlowskii
729:Rhabdopleura manubialis
41:Middle Cambrian–present
1261:-related article is a
679:Rhabdopleura recondita
628:Family Rhabdopleuridae
1224:Paleobiology Database
834:Maletz, Jörg (2014).
811:Rhabdopleura vistulae
767:Rhabdopleura hollandi
756:Rhabdopleura graysoni
719:Rhabdopleura grimaldi
657:Rhabdopleura compacta
652:— Indo-Pacific region
646:Rhabdopleura annulata
745:Rhabdopleura delmari
690:Rhabdopleura striata
668:Rhabdopleura normani
619:Order Rhabdopleurida
607:This small order is
122:Rhabdopleura normani
800:Rhabdopleura sinica
549:Rhabdopleuroididae
1322:Hemichordate stubs
789:Rhabdopleura obuti
551:Mierzejewski, 1986
545:Mierzejewski, 1986
543:Rhabdopleuritidae
222:Archaeocryptolaria
1317:Bilaterian orders
1274:
1273:
1239:
1238:
1211:Open Tree of Life
1037:Taxon identifiers
1010:Marinespecies.org
989:10.1002/dvg.20395
816:
805:
794:
783:
772:
761:
750:
738:Extinct species:
734:
724:
695:
694:Schepotieff, 1909
684:
673:
662:
651:
641:
632:
623:
566:
565:
558:
555:Stolonodendridae
552:
546:
540:
534:
523:
501:
491:
480:
469:
458:
447:
436:
425:
414:
403:
392:
381:
370:
359:
348:
337:
326:
315:
304:
293:
282:
271:
260:
249:
238:
227:
16:(Redirected from
1329:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1253:
1246:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1180:NBNSYS0000160882
1170:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1032:
1031:
1002:
1001:
991:
967:
961:
956:
950:
945:
939:
934:
928:
927:
907:
901:
900:
872:
866:
865:
855:
831:
814:
803:
792:
781:
770:
759:
748:
732:
722:
693:
682:
671:
660:
649:
639:
630:
621:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
521:
499:
489:
478:
467:
456:
445:
442:Rhabdopleuroides
434:
423:
412:
401:
390:
379:
368:
357:
346:
335:
324:
313:
302:
291:
280:
269:
258:
247:
236:
225:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1039:
1006:
1005:
968:
964:
957:
953:
946:
942:
935:
931:
908:
904:
873:
869:
832:
828:
823:
815:Kozlowski, 1956
749:Mortelmans 1955
685:— Mediterranean
605:
539:Kozlowski, 1949
533:Kozlowski, 1949
531:Graptovermidae
522:Kozlowski, 1938
446:Kozlowski, 1961
435:Kozlowski, 1967
431:Rhabdopleurites
402:Kozlowski, 1959
380:Kozłowski, 1949
325:Kozlowski, 1970
314:Kozlowski, 1949
303:Kozłowski, 1959
281:Kozlowski, 1959
207:
204:
203:
201:Rhabdopleuridae
191:
179:
167:
155:
143:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
18:Rhabdopleuridae
15:
12:
11:
5:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1220:
1207:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1089:Rhabdopleurida
1080:
1075:Rhabdopleurida
1065:
1049:
1047:
1045:Rhabdopleurida
1041:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1017:
1012:
1004:
1003:
982:(11): 587–91.
962:
951:
940:
929:
918:(4): 303–316.
902:
867:
846:(3): 477–540.
825:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
806:
795:
784:
773:
762:
751:
736:
735:
725:
706:
705:
704:
703:
702:
701:
686:
675:
664:
653:
604:
601:
569:Rhabdopleurida
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
526:
525:
524:
512:
511:
505:
504:
503:
502:
492:
490:Eisenack, 1937
481:
475:Stolonodendrum
470:
459:
448:
437:
426:
424:Eisenack, 1934
415:
413:Eisenack, 1932
404:
393:
391:Kolowski, 1959
382:
371:
360:
349:
343:Fasciculitubus
338:
336:Eisenack, 1941
327:
321:Eorhabdopleura
316:
305:
294:
292:Eisenack, 1937
288:Chitinodendron
283:
272:
261:
250:
239:
228:
214:
213:
209:
208:
205:
199:
197:
193:
192:
189:Rhabdopleurida
187:
185:
181:
180:
175:
173:
169:
168:
163:
161:
157:
156:
151:
149:
145:
144:
139:
137:
133:
132:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
35:Rhabdopleurida
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Hemichordates
1310:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1025:0-19-857356-1
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
999:
995:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:
960:
955:
949:
944:
938:
933:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
863:
859:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
826:
813:
812:
807:
802:
801:
796:
791:
790:
785:
782:Kulicki, 1969
780:
779:
774:
769:
768:
763:
758:
757:
752:
747:
746:
741:
740:
739:
731:
730:
726:
721:
720:
716:
715:
714:
712:
711:
699:
692:
691:
687:
681:
680:
676:
672:Allmann, 1869
670:
669:
665:
659:
658:
654:
648:
647:
643:
642:
638:
634:
633:
629:
626:
625:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:hemichordates
578:
574:
573:Pterobranchia
570:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
529:
527:
519:
518:
516:
515:
513:
510:
506:
498:
497:
493:
488:
487:
482:
477:
476:
471:
466:
465:
464:Sphenothallus
460:
455:
454:
449:
444:
443:
438:
433:
432:
427:
422:
421:
416:
411:
410:
405:
400:
399:
394:
389:
388:
383:
378:
377:
372:
367:
366:
361:
356:
355:
350:
345:
344:
339:
334:
333:
328:
323:
322:
317:
312:
311:
306:
301:
300:
299:Cylindrohydra
295:
290:
289:
284:
279:
278:
273:
270:Walcott, 1919
268:
267:
262:
257:
256:
251:
246:
245:
240:
235:
234:
229:
226:Chapman, 1919
224:
223:
218:
217:
215:
210:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:
178:
177:Graptolithina
174:
171:
170:
166:
165:Pterobranchia
162:
159:
158:
154:
150:
147:
146:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
1267:expanding it
1259:hemichordate
1256:
1241:
1044:
979:
975:
965:
954:
943:
932:
915:
911:
905:
880:
876:
870:
843:
839:
829:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
743:
737:
727:
723:Julien, 1890
717:
710:Nomen dubium
708:
707:
688:
677:
666:
661:Hincks, 1880
655:
650:Norman, 1921
644:
640:Allman, 1869
637:Rhabdopleura
636:
631:Harmer, 1905
627:
622:Fowler, 1892
618:
617:
606:
597:Rhabdopleura
596:
568:
567:
557:Bulman, 1955
537:Idiotubidae
520:Stolonoidea
500:Allman, 1869
496:Rhabdopleura
494:
484:
473:
462:
451:
440:
429:
418:
407:
396:
387:Kystodendron
385:
374:
363:
354:Graptovermis
352:
341:
330:
319:
308:
297:
286:
275:
264:
253:
244:Malongitubus
242:
233:Haplograptus
231:
220:
206:Allman, 1869
200:
188:
153:Hemichordata
120:
29:
1136:iNaturalist
1069:Wikispecies
696:— Pacific (
577:graptolites
453:Rhabdotubus
409:Palaeokylix
398:Lagenohydra
365:Haliolophus
255:Sphenoecium
1306:Categories
821:References
663:— Atlantic
420:Palaeotuba
369:Sars, 1868
332:Epigraptus
310:Diplohydra
277:Calyxhydra
172:Subclass:
1060:Q21447068
1027:. 627 pp.
897:0024-1164
883:: 34–56.
862:1214-1119
698:Sri Lanka
609:monotypic
486:Xenotheca
376:Idiotubus
266:Yuknessia
136:Kingdom:
1054:Wikidata
1015:ITIS.gov
998:18798243
603:Taxonomy
509:Synonyms
248:Hu, 2005
196:Family:
148:Phylum:
141:Animalia
1128:8505583
976:Genesis
948:Eol.org
912:Lethaia
877:Lethaia
589:secrete
585:sessile
528:Family
212:Genera
184:Order:
160:Class:
1216:841338
1200:NZOR:
1167:158643
1141:551169
1102:494607
1023:
996:
895:
860:
635:Genus
517:Order
1257:This
1229:33522
1193:33629
1154:10545
1149:IRMNG
613:genus
593:gonad
1263:stub
1188:NCBI
1162:ITIS
1123:GBIF
1097:BOLD
1021:ISBN
994:PMID
893:ISSN
858:ISSN
46:PreꞒ
1175:NBN
1115:3Y7
1110:CoL
1084:AFD
984:doi
920:doi
885:doi
848:doi
1308::
1226::
1213::
1190::
1177::
1164::
1151::
1138::
1125::
1112::
1099::
1086::
1071::
1056::
992:.
980:46
978:.
974:.
916:41
914:.
891:.
881:46
879:.
856:.
844:89
842:.
838:.
713::
263:?†
252:?†
241:?†
230:?†
219:?†
96:Pg
1294:e
1287:t
1280:v
1269:.
1000:.
986::
926:.
922::
899:.
887::
864:.
850::
808:†
797:†
786:†
775:†
764:†
753:†
742:†
700:)
483:†
472:†
461:†
450:†
439:†
428:†
417:†
406:†
395:†
384:†
373:†
362:†
351:†
340:†
329:†
318:†
307:†
296:†
285:†
274:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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