341:
weren't like a trio. We were three individuals playing." Jenkins enjoyed the absence of a group leader, stating: "It takes a lot of the load off you. A leader has a lot of extra work and the other guys sit back and get all the benefits of his work. The leader also becomes a father complex and a lot of leaders just don't want to be a father." Author Bob Gluck summed up the musical results of this approach: "individual and group configurations were malleable constructs, one giving way to the other without so much as a moment's notice. Collectivity could just as soon feature simultaneous and multiple individual initiatives as it could musical togetherness. Construction of a cohesive whole was constantly subject to instantaneous negotiation. Some might view this approach as anarchic, but the three musicians of the
Revolutionary Ensemble functioned like a musical high-wire act, sounding sometimes like one voice and at other times like independent individuals coexisting in the same sound space."
182:. The two began discussing the possibility of forming a new group, and Sirone proposed a leaderless lineup of violin, bass, and drums, to which Jenkins initially responded with shock, before suggesting the name Revolutionary Ensemble. (Sirone later recalled that other musicians told him "You must be crazy. Violin, bass, and drums!") They recruited drummer Frank Clayton, but he was soon replaced by
349:
texture, and sense of shared purpose." The second is the fact that Sirone's bass is rarely heard in a conventional, supportive mode, and instead maintains equal footing with the other instruments. The third is an emphasis on musical texture and the physicality of the instruments as conveyed through sound, what Bob Gluck referred to as "collective sound paintings."
209:. Jenkins recalled: "we got together and practiced every day... five days a week, anywhere from 11 to two o'clock. I mean, we just hung out. We just played and played, and my art of improvisation got tremendously better, and the group got beautifully tight." In 1971, the group began rehearsing at the annex to
348:
The ensemble's musical style was characterized by three notable traits. The first is "parallel play," "a performance mode in which all three musicians pursued their own direction while contributing to a shared overall construction. The 'glue' for such performance is a combined energy level, density,
352:
Sirone summed up his experience with the group: "It was very difficult even to be alive for the three of us, and it's a miracle in itself playing this music; the dedication that we put towards this music... having the rare opportunity to write music like that and have musicians to honestly approach
340:
The
Revolutionary Ensemble was unusual in that it was a cooperative group, with all three members contributing compositions. Sirone recalled that, in early discussions with Jenkins, he insisted: "everybody has to hold their own ground. We're not talking about no leaders here." Cooper reflected: "we
301:
label. However, work began to dry up, and, at the same time, the musicians were being pulled in different artistic directions. Cooper recalled: "I was going into more of a shamanistic journey. I was hanging out with this
Mexican, pre-Columbian drummer, Antonio Zapata. And Sirone was going into
344:
The group's primary instrumentation was also unique, and each of the members doubled on secondary instruments. Although his primary instrument was violin, Jenkins also played viola, alto saxophone, kalimba, recorder, percussion, flute, and harmonica. In addition to playing bass, Sirone played
221:. According to Jenkins, "first week... nobody was there. Second week, two or three. Third week it was half packed. The fourth week it was jam-packed." By 1972, the group was performing more regularly, with concerts at Artists House, the
288:, it elicited a harsh, negative reaction, with Jones claiming that he had "been conned; that it wasn't jazz or music and blah blah blah." (A&M closed Horizon Records in 1979 following a slump in music sales.)
266:. They then left for a European tour, taking boxes of the LPs with them, and selling out the first and only pressing to European record dealers. The group also landed a short-lived recording contract with
260:
By the mid-1970s, the group was receiving greater recognition, and began appearing at festivals. In 1975, they formed a record company named RE Records for the purpose of releasing their third album,
130:
reviewer, writing in 1972, described them as "a unique, utterly contemporary unit of extraordinarily talented players who possess a world understanding of what 'organized sound' is all about."
126:
stated that the group "was remarkable for its concentration on texture, tone colour and the then unclaimed territory between jazz and contemporary classical music." A
302:
theater and moving to Berlin. Leroy was going into a more notated
European music." The group disbanded that year. However, in 2004, the Mutable Music label reissued
1360:
205:
The trio began rehearsing on a regular basis at
Ornette Coleman's Artists House loft, where Jenkins had been living, as well as at the home of artist
233:, as well as various radio interviews. In March of that year, they presented a concert at the Peace Church, a recording of which was released on the
1080:
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trombone, percussion, and flute, while Cooper played an array of percussion instruments, bugle, flute, piano, electronic keyboards, and saw.
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320:. In May of the following year, they performed in Warsaw, Poland; the concert was recorded and released by Mutable Music in 2008 as
1564:
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138:
Prior to the formation of the
Revolutionary Ensemble in 1970, Jenkins, recently returned from Europe, had been playing with
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491:
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198:, and others, and who, after leaving Europe and arriving in New York, contacted Jenkins at the recommendation of
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217:, then presented a concert there. The following year, they booked a four week engagement at the
166:. Jenkins began playing with a large group that included Sirone, who had previously played with
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473:
653:
Always in
Trouble: An Oral History of ESP-Disk, the Most Outrageous Record Label in America
638:
Always in
Trouble: An Oral History of ESP-Disk, the Most Outrageous Record Label in America
8:
1448:
1301:
1282:
1274:
483:
191:
118:(1946–2015). The group was active from 1970–1977, and reunited briefly in 2004. Musician
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508:
332:, released by Mutable in 2012. Jenkins's death in 2007 precluded any further reunions.
218:
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111:
82:
573:
Riggins, Roger (October 26, 1972). "Caught in the Act: The
Revolutionary Ensemble".
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described the trio as "one of the signal groups of the period." Writer
531:
A Power
Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music
247:, and released a live recording of the concert as their second album,
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1258:
326:. In November 2005, they played in Genoa, Italy, yielding the album
103:
32:
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369:
234:
127:
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274:, allowing them to record and release their first studio album,
1049:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
1034:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
1019:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
1004:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
933:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
846:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
828:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
785:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
750:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
730:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
715:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
668:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
620:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
605:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
590:
The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles
1196:
280:. However, according to Sirone, when A&M's cofounder
150:. Following a May 19, 1970 performance by the group at
284:
played an excerpt from the album for musical director
860:"Revolutionary Ensemble: Beyond the Boundary of Time"
310:, and recording their second and final studio album,
178:, and to whom Jenkins had been introduced by drummer
1051:. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 145–146.
935:. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 133–134.
732:. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 139–140.
114:(Norris Jones, 1940–2009) and percussionist/pianist
1583:Years listed are the year of recording not release
1688:
607:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 113–114.
306:on CD, and the trio reunited, performing at the
1036:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 144.
1021:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 150.
1006:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 233.
975:Revolutionary Ensemble - Revolutionary Ensemble
848:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 147.
830:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 148.
787:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 141.
752:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 140.
717:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 139.
679:
677:
670:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 135.
622:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 136.
592:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 134.
291:In 1977, the group released their fifth album,
961:The People's Republic - Revolutionary Ensemble
243:. On December 31, 1972, they performed at the
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1425:Space Minds, New Worlds, Survival of America
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533:. University of Chicago Press. p. 326.
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1347:
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1088:
1081:
1067:
626:
542:
540:
479:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music
947:Manhattan Cycles - Revolutionary Ensemble
834:
816:
776:
762:
736:
703:
686:"Revolutionary Ensemble : Biography"
655:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 251.
640:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 252.
1457:Themes & Improvisations on the Blues
611:
522:
572:
546:
537:
466:
353:it. That just don't happen every day."
1689:
1614:The Unpredictability of Predictability
949:(liner notes). India Navigation. 1973.
908:
885:"Revolutionary Ensemble: Counterparts"
683:
506:
186:, who had been playing in Europe with
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963:(liner notes). A&M/Horizon. 1976.
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665:
650:
635:
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528:
1254:, and Muneer Bernard Fennell, 1979)
991:(liner notes). Pi Recordings. 2004.
989:And Now... - Revolutionary Ensemble
766:The Psyche - Revolutionary Ensemble
335:
297:, recorded live in Austria, on the
13:
547:Fordham, John (November 9, 2009).
14:
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162:'s group, which became known as
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1630:In Concert: From There to Hear
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1:
1532:Creative Construction Company
772:(liner notes). Mutable Music.
507:Henkin, Andrew (2005-01-25).
459:
148:Creative Construction Company
106:trio consisting of violinist
158:", Braxton left, and joined
7:
1661:(with Kresten Osgood, 2011)
1393:Swift Are the Winds of Life
1308:and Michael Wimberly, 2010)
1176:Beyond the Boundary of Time
443:Beyond the Boundary of Time
323:Beyond the Boundary of Time
237:label as their first album
10:
1753:
1717:Inner City Records artists
1226:
977:(liner notes). Enja. 1977.
133:
1668:
1589:
1580:
1519:
1376:
1315:
1234:
1119:
1096:
799:"Horizon Records History"
529:Lewis, George E. (2008).
68:
64:
38:
28:
21:
1737:India Navigation artists
1509:The Art of Improvisation
1500:(with Joseph Jarman and
1417:The Legend of Ai Glatson
763:Litweiler, John (2002).
1722:A&M Records artists
1697:American jazz ensembles
914:As Serious As Your Life
455:(Mutable) recorded 2005
446:(Mutable) recorded 2005
196:Art Ensemble of Chicago
16:American free jazz trio
1707:American musical trios
1676:Revolutionary Ensemble
1638:Alone, Together, Apart
1622:Outer and Interactions
1527:Revolutionary Ensemble
1462:Soldier String Quartet
1323:Revolutionary Ensemble
1160:Revolutionary Ensemble
1090:Revolutionary Ensemble
417:Revolutionary Ensemble
294:Revolutionary Ensemble
100:Revolutionary Ensemble
23:Revolutionary Ensemble
1712:Pi Recordings artists
1152:The People's Republic
651:Weiss, Jason (2012).
636:Weiss, Jason (2012).
400:The People's Republic
277:The People's Republic
110:(1932–2007), bassist
1732:Enja Records artists
684:Chadbourne, Eugene.
257:the following year.
1702:Free jazz ensembles
1449:Leroy Jenkins Live!
1302:Beneath Tones Floor
1047:Gluck, Bob (2016).
1032:Gluck, Bob (2016).
1017:Gluck, Bob (2016).
1002:Gluck, Bob (2016).
931:Gluck, Bob (2016).
844:Gluck, Bob (2016).
826:Gluck, Bob (2016).
783:Gluck, Bob (2016).
748:Gluck, Bob (2016).
728:Gluck, Bob (2016).
713:Gluck, Bob (2016).
666:Gluck, Bob (2016).
618:Gluck, Bob (2016).
603:Gluck, Bob (2016).
588:Gluck, Bob (2016).
509:"And Now... Sirone"
484:Guinness Publishing
192:Rahsaan Roland Kirk
1650:A Magical Approach
1409:Lifelong Ambitions
803:On A&M Records
482:(First ed.).
270:, a subsidiary of
223:Jamaica Art Center
219:Mercer Arts Center
146:in a group called
1684:
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1540:
1539:
1336:
1335:
1194:
1193:
549:"Sirone obituary"
245:St. Marks Theater
152:Greenwich Village
96:
95:
1744:
1727:ESP-Disk artists
1669:Related articles
1598:Root Assumptions
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1520:Related articles
1466:Henry Threadgill
1385:For Players Only
1363:
1356:
1349:
1340:
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1316:Related articles
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511:. All About Jazz
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486:. p. 2077.
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383:India Navigation
378:Manhattan Cycles
336:Legacy and music
255:India Navigation
250:Manhattan Cycles
231:Village Vanguard
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308:Vision Festival
272:A&M Records
268:Horizon Records
225:in Queens, the
200:Roscoe Mitchell
168:Pharoah Sanders
140:Anthony Braxton
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120:George E. Lewis
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1497:Equal Interest
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920:. p. 301.
918:Serpent's Tail
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1248:James Newton
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892:. Retrieved
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867:. Retrieved
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806:. Retrieved
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556:. Retrieved
553:The Guardian
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513:. Retrieved
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474:Colin Larkin
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452:Counterparts
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253:, issued on
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180:Sunny Murray
172:Marion Brown
156:Peace Church
137:
124:John Fordham
99:
97:
70:Past members
40:Years active
1633:(1995-1998)
1441:Urban Blues
910:Wilmer, Val
894:January 31,
869:January 31,
808:January 31,
695:January 31,
558:January 31,
357:Discography
282:Herb Alpert
211:Joseph Papp
160:Chick Corea
1691:Categories
1296:Billy Bang
1168:And Now...
1144:The Psyche
515:2010-09-11
460:References
430:And Now...
391:The Psyche
313:And Now...
304:The Psyche
263:The Psyche
229:, and the
207:Fred Brown
188:Steve Lacy
1658:As of Not
1259:Life Rays
227:Five Spot
144:Leo Smith
104:free jazz
33:Free jazz
1252:Don Moye
1243:Artistry
912:(2018).
864:AllMusic
690:AllMusic
575:DownBeat
370:ESP-Disk
235:ESP-Disk
128:DownBeat
1645:, 2002)
1504:, 1999)
1484:, 1997)
1472:, 1994)
1328:Phalanx
1298:, 2005)
1270:, 1982)
1128:Vietnam
409:Horizon
405:A&M
365:Vietnam
240:Vietnam
134:History
54: (
46: (
1653:(2007)
1641:(with
1625:(1987)
1617:(1979)
1609:(1979)
1601:(1978)
1590:Albums
1512:(2005)
1492:(1998)
1480:(with
1468:, and
1460:(with
1452:(1993)
1444:(1984)
1436:(1983)
1428:(1979)
1420:(1978)
1412:(1981)
1404:(1977)
1396:(1976)
1388:(1975)
1377:Albums
1304:(with
1294:(with
1286:(2005)
1278:(2003)
1262:(with
1246:(with
1235:Albums
1228:Sirone
1187:(2012)
1179:(2008)
1171:(2004)
1163:(1977)
1155:(1976)
1147:(1975)
1139:(1972)
1131:(1972)
1120:Albums
1106:Sirone
490:
449:2012:
440:2008:
427:2004:
414:1977:
397:1976:
388:1975:
375:1972:
362:1972:
316:, for
194:, the
174:, and
164:Circle
112:Sirone
102:was a
83:Sirone
60:, 2004
29:Genres
770:(PDF)
52:–1977
1489:Solo
1283:Live
1266:and
896:2022
871:2022
810:2022
697:2022
560:2022
488:ISBN
422:Enja
299:Enja
154:'s "
142:and
98:The
56:1977
48:1970
44:1970
213:'s
202:.
1693::
1464:,
1250:,
916:.
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836:^
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676:^
628:^
551:.
539:^
435:Pi
190:,
170:,
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