2438:
1912:
33:
247:
with the exclusive use of preceding options making it a high-tension kind of game. It was long thought to be a game of
Spanish origin, once a 48-card pack was used, besides its counter-clockwise rotation and the words Quinola, name of a 17th-century Spanish admiral, and Espagnolette, but it more probably originated in Italy where a negative variety of
649:. In turn and beginning with first hand, players may now exchange with the talon, laying the discard under the basket before picking up the top talon card. If they choose not to exchange; they view the talon card before laying it away. The dealer, who has 12 cards to begin with, simply discards one. The four cards under the basket form the
993:
pools, then players may opt not to exchange, in which case they view the card before it is placed to the discard pile. Before play begins, each pair of opposite players exchange a card. The points in the discard, which form the 'party', the amount paid by the loser to the winner, score as in the tricks, except that
246:
and points for successfully discarding key cards. Further important additions were made to this otherwise subtle game; in particular towards the end of the 18th century in the form of options. In the 19th century, the increasingly popular game of
Reversis saw its rules becoming more and more complex
1232:
led to a trick, incurs the same payment as if they had been forced, but to the player who eventually wins the party. The latter must remember to request payment before cards are cut for the next deal or forfeits the payment. If an Ace or
Quinola is placed, forced or led during the last two tricks –
988:
pool, and 1 into the little; besides which every player, at the start, puts 6 into the former and 3 into the latter. Each time a pool is cleared, or when there are fewer fish in a pool than the original stake, it must be replenished as at the start. The great pool was always placed under the little
822:
There are three ways of resolving a normal game. In each case the loser is the player with the most points in cards and the winner the one with the fewest. In the event of a tie for loser, the one with the most tricks loses; if points and tricks are equal, the one nearest the dealer's right loses.
1246:
In a normal game, players total the value of counting cards contained in the tricks they took and the loser pays the party to the winner. If two players tie, the one with the fewest tricks has preference. If points and tricks are equal, the one who dealt last wins, but a player with no tricks has
992:
The deal proceeds as in the late 18th century rules, except that the talon cards are separated and placed opposite each non-dealer who puts a hand card under the pools, and replaces it with the card on the table. The dealer, likewise, discards one, but does not pick up. If three stakes are in the
288:. The traditional, higher, card values were: Ace 5 points, King 4, Queen 3 and Jack 2, remainder 0, making a total of 56 in the game. However, from the middle of 18th century, lower card values were introduced, being reduced to Ace 4, King 3, Queen 2 and Jack 1, giving a total of 40, while the
417:
A card is thrown on the table and further cards dealt individually to the players. The first to receive a card of the same suit as the table card deals first. The dealer shuffles and offers the pack to the left for cutting, before dealing 13 cards each, either individually or in packets (e.g.
1271:
To the points in the discard, 4 are to be added for the party. The player who gives an Ace upon a renounce, receives 1 fish from the player who wins the trick, and if it happens to be the Ace of
Diamonds, receives 2. The player who forces an Ace, receives the same payments from all the
1302:
Bohn lists extensive game rules mainly covering infractions of the rules, for example, stipulating that a player who misdeals, loses the chance to deal, or that a player who throws down his or her hand in anticipation of taking the remaining tricks, must pay for any Ace or
189:. It was very popular with the French aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries, and much played elsewhere, except in Britain. Initially quite simple, the game eventually developed more complex mechanics such as vast quantities of counters and a system of
275:
Reversis is a trick-avoidance game where each player normally attempts to avoid taking tricks, especially those with counting cards (A K Q J) in them. However, in the rare event of having a very strong hand, a player may attempt to 'make the
805:
contract. A player with four Aces at the start of play may legally renounce at any time, but in doing so commits to losing every trick. Failure to do so means loss of the deal and paying the winner as normal or, if another player makes the
225:
nor was there a pool or other embellishments that appeared later. The game was won and lost based on the points taken in tricks – the player with the fewest points being paid by every other player – but a player 'making the
348:(1634), describes the "ancient game of Reversis" played by "our fathers" alongside the contemporary rules. This "languid and sleepy" game was only played by four players, never five. There was no trading of Aces and the
937:
each, with a total value of 468 fish. The two pools are always placed at the dealer's right hand. The game requires a standard pack of cards with the Tens removed. Cards rank as normal and the lower card values are used.
254:
In most games the highest cards were best in the usual method of play, but in
Reversis the lowest had the preference. The Jack was a better card to play than the King, and one of them, the Jack of Hearts, was called the
1085:
has the right to renounce in every suit and, if successful in making no tricks and there is no reversis, wins the party in preference to the player who is better positioned in the game. But if forced to win a trick,
234:, won outright. It may have been this latter feature that distinguished it from Coquimbert or La Gana Perde with which it is sometimes equated in the literature. By 1634, it had given a special role to the
463:
to the winner. If two or more players tie with the most points, the one with the most tricks loses; if points and tricks are equal, the number of counting cards decides. The score was kept in
1760:
645:
deals first. Cards are dealt in three rounds of 3, 4 and 4 cards each, except that the dealer always receives 4 cards. The remaining three are placed face down on the table to form the
397:
is devoted to a newer variant which, compared to
Ancient Reversis, is "full of action and fire". Additional features include bonuses and penalties associated with the Aces and the
895:
Reversis reached its greatest complexity in the mid-19th century by which time it had passed its peak in France. The following rules are based on an 1850 English source:
2036:
551:. The first lead had to be a heart if the player had one and players were not allowed to discard hearts when void in the led suit, with the exception of the K, Q and
679:
A. If the Ace is forced, the holder pays double to the one who forced it out. Payments are doubled on the last trick. A player who leads an Ace to a trick pays 1
2006:
329:
and the one with the fewest points wins and is paid the agreed amount by the one with the most points. However, if a player takes every trick, called 'making a
493:
aims to discard it onto another suit in which he or she is void. There is normally no payment for this. An alternative rule is that its holder sweeps a pool (
169:
family. Its origin is uncertain, but it may have emerged in Italy before spreading to Spain and France. It is considered one of the two probable ancestors of
263:. The strange incongruity of this inverted order of things made the Spaniards, when this game became known to them, give it the appropriate denomination of
1946:
1791:
823:
Similarly, if players tie for winner, the one with fewest tricks wins, if points and tricks are equal, the one nearest first hand's left wins. The
637:
into a small basket, except the dealer who antes 8. Thereafter, if the basket becomes empty, it is replenished; otherwise the dealer alone added 4
424:
Before play begins, a player with an unguarded Ace may call for another Ace and trade it with the player who holds it. By agreement, the unguarded
1767:
605:, a bid to lose every trick, had been added along with an elaboration of the side payments and the lower card values. In the 1785 edition of
2242:
2137:
2076:
318:
if able, otherwise may play any card, some rules placing restrictions on what may be discarded. The player with the highest card of the
1225:
3, and if either of them is forced, the player who forces receives the same from each player: and these payments are made immediately.
2462:
418:
3–3–3–4). Players view their hands and make a single discard, face down. Alternatively, 12 cards are dealt and 4 laid aside.
2471:
2453:
1678:
193:. Its name may have possibly come from the reverse order and construction of the game itself, or even from its exceptional
641:. The first dealer is chosen by dividing the pack into four roughly equal piles, one per player, and the player with the
409:, and the feature of trading Aces. There was a five-hand variation in which players received 10 cards and discarded one.
1194:
is placed, its holder is entitled to the stakes attached to them, except when there are three stakes in the pool, then
911:
Each player starts with a box of counters containing 66 counters and 2 dishes called 'pools'. The counters comprise 36
1351:
does not state a procedure for this e.g. whether players could only call for an Ace in turn beginning with first hand.
1106:
can exercise the renouncing privilege or play a normal game, but playing a renounce is a commitment to the contract.
953:
pool holds 26 fish and is refreshed whenever it is cleared or contains fewer than 26. This stake is attached to the
2495:
2444:
2510:
543:
By the mid-17th century, trading Aces has gone, but a pool is now standard and could now be won by a successful
1753:
1712:
1996:
1662:
1650:
1403:
The ratio of counters in
Reversis is unusual for French games of the time. A typical ratio, for example, in
284:, in later rules lacking the 10s, and ranking A K Q J (10) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2, Aces being high. There are no
2500:
2112:
1936:
1293:
player pays the player breaking it the same number of fish that would have been received had it been won.
497:) into which all players – or just the dealer – have paid an agreed amount at the start of each deal. If
1069:
is a bid to lose every trick and may only be undertaken by a player with four Aces, three Aces and a
213:, played with a 52-card pack and is the subject of a poem written around 1611 by Antoine du Brueil.
621:
A 48-card pack, lacking 10s, is now standard. Each player has a box of, typically, 30 counters: 10
307:
961:, which cannot be put to the discard pile, unless there are three stakes, or 100 fish in the pool.
1896:
1861:
671:. An Ace 'placed', i.e. discarded on another suit when unable to follow suit, earns its holder 1
178:
531:
the one who scored the fewest points. Payments made during the deal by the person who broke the
2505:
2282:
1644:
Rules for the Game of
Reversis: For the Use of the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Reversis Society
2237:
2066:
1881:
1856:
1717:
691:
A. But the winner must claim this before cards are cut for the next deal or it is forfeited.
2262:
2122:
2056:
2051:
1976:
1658:
1316:
214:
139:
103:
1176:
forced, he or she pays the stake and consolation to the one who forces, unless there is a
1027:
and is obliged to win the remaining 2 or lose the game. The party does not count, nor the
761:
are paid to the one who broke it. During the last two tricks, there are no side payments.
570:
was successfully discarded on another suit, its holder swept the pool and was also paid 2
8:
2232:
2212:
2132:
2091:
2031:
218:
2046:
1826:
1404:
1360:
The scoring scheme implies that Aces were paid for in the same way, but at a rate of 1
281:
170:
166:
143:
1206:
is forced, the stakes are paid in the same proportion, except if the player makes the
455:), players count up the points in their tricks and the player with the most points is
2422:
2303:
2001:
1846:
1811:
1708:
1281:
made or broken is 80 fish, each player paying 20, and the opposite party 40 when the
980:
cannot be put to the discard pile, unless there are 3 stakes, or 50 fish in the pool.
900:
775:
on any of the first 9 tricks or if it is forced on the first trick, in which case 8
280:, i.e. take all tricks. The game is normally played by four players with a 52-card,
1891:
1734:
2416:
2071:
1876:
1836:
701:
is successfully placed, its holder sweeps the contents of the basket and earns 4
1339:
and possibly other key cards could not be discarded, but this is nowhere stated.
707:
515:
wins and earns the agreed rate from each other player. All payments made by the
2152:
1901:
1886:
1801:
1700:
1258:
is played and won, the winner gains the party in preference to the last dealer.
285:
2217:
2172:
2157:
582:
from each opponent, as well as having any payments during that deal returned.
2489:
1971:
1866:
1841:
921:
912:
646:
629:
365:
311:
749:
from each opponent, but all side payments during the deal are returned. The
2247:
2167:
2021:
1831:
705:
from the player who took the trick. If it is forced out, its holder pays a
353:
303:
243:
231:
209:
The game of
Reversis was first mentioned in France in 1601, under the name
194:
190:
159:
2197:
467:
which were converted to hard score at the end, the usual tariffs (then in
2313:
2257:
2207:
2182:
2162:
2117:
2026:
1110:
receives the stake in any part of the game, if another player forces the
501:
is forced out by a Heart lead, the player who led to the trick is paid 2
379:; each one paying the number of points personally taken. Counters called
315:
2374:
1745:
2287:
1951:
1739:
1596:
370:
326:
198:
174:
1911:
1090:
pays the party to the other and returns anything received for Aces or
779:
are earned from the one who forced it. A player who fails to make the
2410:
2392:
2380:
2308:
2227:
2202:
2192:
2142:
2061:
1777:
1680:
Les Muses
Gaillardes, Recueillies des Plus Beaux Esprits de ce Temps.
1602:
1102:
must pay the stake to the pool instead of receiving it. During play,
375:. The one with the fewest card points was the winner and was paid by
363:
There was a tariff for each card point which could be as little as 1
248:
162:
2400:
2388:
2370:
2339:
2323:
2272:
2267:
2222:
2187:
2177:
2096:
2041:
1851:
1806:
1796:
319:
1164:
is attempted, stakes are neither received nor paid, except by the
2404:
2349:
2277:
2252:
2086:
1991:
1966:
1961:
1871:
1686:
Good, John Mason, Olinthus Gregory & Newton Bosworth (1813).
926:
623:
260:
17:
1941:
1285:
is made. If it is broken, the whole is paid by the player whose
1168:
player. If, by another player having the Ace or King of Hearts,
32:
2396:
2384:
2354:
2147:
2016:
2011:
1986:
1981:
1956:
1931:
1926:
1816:
1035:
player has played one or both before the last 2 tricks. If the
49:
2344:
2318:
2127:
1821:
381:
53:
16:
This article is about the card game. For the board game, see
523:
is lost on the last trick, the player who broke it wins the
745:
having taken the first 9 tricks. If successful it earns 16
428:
may also be traded for an Ace. Cards may not be re-traded.
538:
1160:, made or broken, the stake is not paid because, when a
385:
were used to keep score and players settled at the end.
360:
in the sense of a fixed payment for winning and losing.
1695:
Nouveau Manuel Complet des Jeux de Calcul et de Hasard.
771:
player may draw the contents of the basket for placing
333:, this takes precedence and that player wins the deal.
589:
to the winner, which was an amount equal to the pool.
1023:. A player taking the first 9 commits to making the
601:, the feature that was later to become known as the
221:. In the earliest version of the rules there was no
1697:
Revised, corrected and augmented edn. Paris: Roret.
1677:Du Brueil, Antoine (1611). "Contre Le Reversis" in
711:equal to the contents of the basket, as well as 8
1077:. A player with such a combination is called the
968:pool, consists of 13 fish and is attached to the
801:. This is an early form of what later became the
242:, and added the features such as trading Aces, a
2487:
388:
827:is worth 2 card points in tricks, but 4 in the
810:, paying on behalf of all three losers i.e. 48
609:were the following changes or additions to the
592:
1237:– payments are doubled to the player opposite.
1051:was undertaken. All side payments for Aces or
890:
325:At the end of each deal, players add up their
1761:
1722:Researches into the History of Playing Cards.
1664:Recherches Historiques Sur les Cartes Ă Jouer
1575:Lasserre, Lebrun & Leroy (1853), p. 183.
976:. It is replenished in the same manner. The
483:4. A common alternative scheme was 2–3–6–9.
405:J), a fixed payment for winning, called the
727:from each of the other two players. If the
1768:
1754:
1616:Good, Gregory and Bosworth (1813), p. 341.
1607:at salondesjeux.fr. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
1541:
1539:
1537:
1120:It may be that one player is attempting a
1039:is broken, the player pays for the broken
519:winner during the deal are repaid. If the
306:and play are anticlockwise beginning with
217:suggested it was invented in the Court of
1775:
1510:
1508:
566:if forced out but still 1 for an Ace. If
547:as well as by a successful discarding of
1569:
1247:preference over a trick without points.
451:In a normal game (i.e. not a successful
1583:
1581:
1551:
1534:
1531:de la Marinière, E. (1859), pp. 308 ff.
731:is led to a trick, its holder pays the
675:from the trick taker or 2 if it is the
322:takes the trick and leads to the next.
201:, reverses the entire aim of the game.
2488:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1474:Rules for the Game of Reversis (1777).
741:. A player is committed to making the
585:In a normal game, the loser 'paid the
539:Reversis (mid-17th–early 18th century)
1749:
1630:Le Plaisant Jeu du Reversis des Dames
1515:Le Plaisant Jeu du Reversis des Dames
1500:Le Plaisant Jeu du Reversis des Dames
1458:
1172:has, in any part of the game, either
342:Le Plaisant Jeu du Reversis des Dames
310:. Each player plays one card to each
1610:
1578:
1136:pays singly for all the company. If
1043:and the stakes to the pools for any
1017:with the addition of the following:
459:. That player has lost and pays the
63:RĂ©versi, RĂ©versis, Reversin, Reversy
1693:Lasserre, Lebrun and Leroy (1853).
1690:. Vol. X, Q-SOY. London: Kearsley.
1674:Paris: Estienne Loison. pp. 308 ff.
1590:
1520:
1478:
578:winner swept the pool and earned 2
336:
296:scored 4 if in the discard pile or
197:which, like "shooting the moon" in
13:
1394:'counters'. They are all counters.
1059:are to be returned on winning it.
941:The two pools receive the stakes (
906:
616:
251:called Rovescino is still played.
14:
2522:
1728:
1014:
984:The dealer antes 2 fish into the
662:
610:
437:
2437:
2436:
1910:
1307:held that can be placed or led.
1124:, while another seeks to win an
994:
688:
676:
412:
352:J was just an ordinary Jack. No
31:
1667:. Lyon: J. Deville. pp. 145 ff.
1622:
1397:
1384:
1367:
1221:placed receives 6 fish and the
665:with the following additions:
270:
1735:Reversis – Historic Card Games
1637:Académie Universelle des Jeux.
1546:Académie Universelle des Jeux.
1467:
1455:Du Brueil (1611), pp. 128–132.
1449:
1440:
1354:
1342:
1329:
1055:by the player undertaking the
998:
969:
954:
683:to the eventual winner of the
402:
349:
289:
235:
1:
1434:
1297:
1013:Rules of play are as per the
878:). Ditto but an additional 4
787:in the first 9 tricks pays a
719:; the latter also receives a
715:to the player who forced the
389:Reversis (early 17th century)
267:, that is, the winner loses.
2463:Patience and solitaire games
1670:de la Marinière, E. (1859).
1322:
1241:
882:are paid, called the 'mat' (
860:for every card point in the
817:
593:Reversis (late 18th century)
7:
2472:Tarot and Tarock card games
2454:Non trick-taking card games
2113:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
1997:GĂ©, Point, Flux et Sequence
1937:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
1683:Paris: Brueil. pp. 128–132.
1390:Confusingly Bohn calls the
1310:
1214:before the last two tricks.
1144:, he or she is paid by the
891:Reversis (mid-19th century)
10:
2527:
1705:A Dictionary of Card Games
1639:Paris: Le Gras. pp. 96 ff.
1381:but the source is unclear.
1264:. When a player makes the
1118:Reversis and espagnolette.
597:By the late 18th century,
443:
356:was used and there was no
204:
15:
2432:
2363:
2332:
2296:
2105:
1919:
1908:
1784:
1632:. Paris: Claude Gourault.
1587:Bohn (1850), pp. 299–309.
1202:50. However, each time a
1008:
997:A is worth 5 points, and
925:worth 6 fish each, and 6
656:
138:
133:
125:
117:
109:
99:
91:
83:
75:
67:
59:
45:
30:
1289:is broken, that is, the
2496:17th-century card games
2445:Trick-taking card games
1817:Hannikin canst abide it
1652:The Hand-Book of Games.
1649:Bohn, Henry G. (1850).
1446:Parlett (1996), p. 237.
1377:may have been worth 10
1228:One or more Aces, or a
850:Partie under the basket
753:does not count. If the
431:
191:pools and side-payments
2511:French deck card games
1464:Singer (1816), p. 266.
1073:, or two Aces and two
897:The Hand-book of Games
574:by the trick taker. A
511:. A player making the
1718:Singer, Samuel Weller
1672:La Maison Académique.
1128:. If so, whether the
854:Partie sous le panier
765:Quinola with Reversis
1659:Bullet Jean-Baptiste
1427:was the lowest unit.
1277:The payment for the
1268:, there is no party.
1210:, having played the
876:Partie avec le tapis
856:). The loser pays a
842:). The loser pays 4
438:common rules of play
215:Jean-Baptiste Bullet
1646:. Dublin: Hallhead.
1198:earns 100 fish and
872:Partie with the mat
791:in addition to the
687:or 2 if it was the
377:all three opponents
142: •
27:
2501:Italian card games
1827:Laugh and lie down
1567:(1785), pp. 2–94.
1548:(1718), pp. 96 ff.
1517:(1634), pp. 53–58.
1132:is won or broken,
1047:played before the
1015:common rules above
864:plus 4 additional
633:. They each put 4
282:French-suited pack
181:, the other being
25:
2483:
2482:
1655:London: Harrison.
1565:Almanach des Jeux
1156:, and there is a
901:Henry George Bohn
607:Almanach des Jeux
369:or 1, 2, 3 or 10
154:, or more rarely
149:
148:
60:Alternative names
2518:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2032:Homme d'Auvergne
1914:
1892:Ruff and honours
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1724:London: Bensley.
1617:
1614:
1608:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1576:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1529:
1518:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1428:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1000:
996:
971:
956:
690:
678:
471:) being: Ace 1,
404:
351:
337:Ancient Reversis
291:
237:
158:, is a very old
35:
28:
24:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2428:
2359:
2328:
2292:
2101:
2072:Quarante de Roi
1915:
1906:
1842:My sow's pigged
1780:
1774:
1731:
1707:, Oxford: OUP.
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1313:
1300:
1244:
1011:
909:
893:
820:
814:to the winner.
783:and has played
767:. A successful
659:
619:
595:
541:
505:by its holder.
489:. The owner of
446:
434:
415:
391:
339:
314:. Players must
273:
207:
71:Trick avoidance
41:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2481:
2480:
2478:
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2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Fett und Mager
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2153:Fett und Mager
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
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2103:
2102:
2100:
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2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1902:Wit and reason
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Queen Nazarene
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Costly colours
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1729:External links
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1701:Parlett, David
1698:
1691:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1656:
1647:
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1477:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1438:
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1430:
1429:
1423:. Usually the
1396:
1383:
1366:
1353:
1341:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1223:Little Quinola
1215:
1200:Little Quinola
1140:can break the
1010:
1007:
982:
981:
978:Little Quinola
974:Little Quinola
966:Little Quinola
962:
945:) as follows:
908:
905:
892:
889:
888:
887:
869:
847:
819:
816:
757:is broken, 16
658:
655:
618:
615:
594:
591:
540:
537:
535:are returned.
445:
442:
433:
430:
414:
411:
390:
387:
338:
335:
272:
269:
265:La Gana pierde
206:
203:
147:
146:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
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122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
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101:
97:
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47:
43:
42:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2523:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Reverse games
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2435:
2434:
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2418:
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2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
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2302:
2301:
2299:
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2289:
2286:
2284:
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2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Brusquembille
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Post and pair
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:Great Quinola
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:Great Quinola
1193:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1003:Great Quinola
990:
987:
986:Great Quinola
979:
975:
967:
963:
960:
959:Great Quinola
952:
951:Great Quinola
948:
947:
946:
944:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:
918:
914:
907:Preliminaries
904:
902:
898:
885:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:
846:to the winner
845:
841:
840:Partie simple
837:
836:Simple partie
834:
833:
832:
830:
826:
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:
704:
700:
696:
692:
686:
682:
674:
670:
666:
664:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
625:
617:Preliminaries
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:The rate for
556:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
441:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
413:Preliminaries
410:
408:
400:
396:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
368:
367:
361:
359:
355:
347:
343:
334:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
287:
283:
279:
268:
266:
262:
259:, just as at
258:
252:
250:
245:
241:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
145:
141:
137:
134:Related games
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
21:
20:
2475:}}
2469:{{
2466:}}
2460:{{
2457:}}
2451:{{
2448:}}
2442:{{
2389:Hundertspiel
2178:Hundertspiel
2168:German Tarok
2123:Bierschlauch
2081:
1947:Bête Hombrée
1932:As Qui Court
1832:Losing lodam
1721:
1704:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1623:Bibliography
1612:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1514:
1499:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:was worth 5
1408:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1304:
1301:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1265:
1261:
1256:espagnolette
1255:
1252:Espagnolette
1251:
1245:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Each time a
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1170:Espagnolette
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:Espagnolette
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:Espagnolette
1137:
1134:Espagnolette
1133:
1129:
1126:espagnolette
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:Espagnolette
1107:
1104:Espagnolette
1103:
1100:Espagnolette
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:Espagnolette
1087:
1083:Espagnolette
1082:
1079:Espagnolette
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:espagnolette
1066:
1063:Espagnolette
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1002:
991:
985:
983:
977:
973:
965:
958:
950:
942:
940:
934:
930:
920:
916:
910:
896:
894:
883:
879:
875:
871:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
843:
839:
835:
828:
824:
821:
811:
807:
803:espagnolette
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
684:
680:
672:
668:
667:
663:common rules
660:
650:
642:
638:
634:
628:
622:
620:
611:common rules
606:
603:espagnolette
602:
598:
596:
586:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
557:
552:
548:
544:
542:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:Normal game.
448:
447:
435:
425:
421:
420:
416:
406:
398:
394:
392:
380:
376:
371:
364:
362:
357:
345:
341:
340:
330:
324:
302:
297:
293:
277:
274:
271:Common rules
264:
256:
253:
239:
238:J, known as
227:
222:
210:
208:
186:
182:
160:trick-taking
155:
151:
150:
118:Playing time
38:
18:
2314:Primo visto
2258:Scherwenzel
2248:Sansprendre
2218:MĂĽller Matz
2208:Kontraspiel
2183:Juckerspiel
2173:Grobhäusern
2163:German Solo
2158:FĂĽnfzehnern
2118:Bester Bube
2027:Hoc Mazarin
1897:Speculation
1862:Pope Julius
1807:French ruff
1776:Historical
1740:Le RĂ©versis
1598:Le RĂ©versis
1407:was that a
1335:Presumably
1152:has placed
1148:player. If
1031:unless the
721:consolation
661:As per the
327:card points
316:follow suit
179:Black Maria
2490:Categories
2419:(Scottish)
2407:(Austrian)
2385:Elfmandeln
2288:Vogelspiel
2283:Trischaken
1952:Bouillotte
1778:card games
1713:0752518496
1688:Pantologia
1642:_ (1777).
1635:_ (1718).
1628:_ (1634).
1435:References
1298:Game rules
933:) worth 8
562:was now 4
308:first hand
199:Black Lady
187:Coquinbert
183:Coquimbert
175:Black Lady
2425:(Swedish)
2411:Romestecq
2393:Piquesept
2381:Einwerfen
2309:Minchiate
2228:Piquesept
2203:Kauflabet
2198:Karnöffel
2193:Karniffel
2143:Einwerfen
2138:Cinquille
2077:Quintille
2067:Quadrille
2062:Quadrette
2037:Impériale
2007:Guimbarde
1882:Quadrille
1857:Pope Joan
1742:in French
1604:La Mouche
1323:Footnotes
1098:is held,
927:contracts
799:Four Aces
697:. If the
599:Four Aces
331:reversis'
278:reversis'
249:Tressette
219:Francis I
163:card game
129:Difficult
113:Clockwise
2401:Sticheln
2377:(Polish)
2375:DruĹĽbart
2371:Chapanka
2340:Conquian
2324:Trappola
2273:Sticheln
2268:Spitzeln
2263:Schlauch
2243:RĂĽmpffen
2188:Kaschlan
2128:Brusbart
2097:Triomphe
2082:Reversis
2057:Pamphile
2052:Papillon
2042:Lenterlu
1977:Commerce
1852:Penneech
1797:Bone ace
1720:(1816).
1703:(1996).
1661:(1762).
1317:Polignac
1311:See also
1291:reversis
1287:reversis
1283:reversis
1279:reversis
1272:players.
1266:reversis
1262:Reversis
1254:. If an
1235:la bonne
1208:reversis
1178:reversis
1166:reversis
1162:reversis
1158:reversis
1146:reversis
1142:reversis
1130:reversis
1122:reversis
1092:Quinolas
1075:Quinolas
1057:reversis
1053:Quinolas
1049:reversis
1041:reversis
1037:reversis
1033:reversis
1029:Quinolas
1025:reversis
1021:Reversis
931:contrats
808:reversis
793:reversis
781:reversis
769:reversis
755:reversis
743:reversis
739:Reversis
624:contrats
576:reversis
545:reversis
533:reversis
521:reversis
517:reversis
513:reversis
509:Reversis
481:reversis
453:reversis
422:Trading.
393:Much of
320:led suit
228:reversis
211:Reversin
152:Reversis
140:Polignac
87:Strategy
26:Reversis
2413:(Dutch)
2405:Tatteln
2350:Primero
2333:Spanish
2297:Italian
2278:Tatteln
2253:Saunigl
2238:RĂ©union
2233:Pollack
2213:Mariage
2133:Cassino
2092:Tontine
2087:Sizette
1992:Emprunt
1967:Brisque
1962:Briscan
1872:Primero
1785:English
1502:(1634).
1417:contrat
1375:contrat
1337:Quinola
1305:Quinola
1242:Winning
1233:called
1230:Quinola
1212:Quinola
1204:Quinola
1192:Quinola
1184:Bonuses
1174:Quinola
1154:Quinola
1112:Quinola
1096:Quinola
1094:. If a
1071:Quinola
1045:Quinola
943:remises
825:Quinola
818:Winning
785:Quinola
773:Quinola
729:Quinola
717:Quinola
699:Quinola
695:Quinola
643:Quinola
627:and 20
568:Quinola
560:Quinola
553:Quinola
549:Quinola
499:Quinola
491:Quinola
487:Quinola
473:Quinola
444:Winning
426:Quinola
399:Quinola
294:Quinola
261:Primero
257:Quinola
240:Quinola
230:i.e. a
223:Quinola
205:History
165:in the
156:RĂ©versi
121:30 min.
76:Players
54:Italian
39:Quinola
19:Reversi
2397:Skwitz
2355:Rentoy
2148:Elfern
2106:German
2047:Mouche
1987:Culbas
1982:Coucou
1957:Brelan
1927:Ambigu
1920:French
1711:
1421:jetons
1415:and a
1413:jetons
1405:Mouche
1392:jetons
1379:fiches
1081:. The
935:jetons
922:jetons
919:), 24
917:fiches
880:fiches
866:fiches
862:partie
844:fiches
829:partie
812:fiches
777:fiches
759:fiches
751:partie
747:fiches
725:fiches
713:fiches
703:fiches
685:partie
651:partie
639:fiches
635:fiches
630:fiches
587:talon'
580:jetons
572:jetons
564:jetons
503:jetons
479:3 and
465:jetons
382:jetons
366:denier
298:partie
286:trumps
171:Hearts
167:Hearts
144:Hearts
126:Chance
104:French
84:Skills
68:Family
50:French
46:Origin
2423:Kille
2364:Other
2345:Ombre
2319:Ronfa
2304:Gilet
2002:Gilet
1847:Noddy
1822:Ombre
1812:Gleek
1792:Andro
1425:jeton
1409:fiche
1362:jeton
1065:. An
1005:, 4.
989:one.
957:J or
884:tapis
858:fiche
723:of 2
681:fiche
673:fiche
647:talon
525:talon
495:Poule
477:talon
461:talon
457:talon
407:talon
358:talon
312:trick
292:J or
92:Cards
2017:Hère
1942:BĂŞte
1709:ISBN
1601:and
1349:LPJR
1217:The
1009:Play
964:The
949:The
913:fish
789:bĂŞte
733:bĂŞte
708:bĂŞte
669:Aces
657:Play
527:and
469:sols
436:See
432:Play
395:LPJR
372:sols
354:pool
346:LPJR
304:Deal
244:pool
232:slam
195:slam
177:and
110:Play
100:Deck
37:The
2417:Maw
2022:Hoc
2012:Her
1877:Put
1837:Maw
1419:20
1186:.
1001:J,
972:Q,
899:by
831:.
529:not
475:2,
344:or
185:or
79:2–6
52:or
2492::
2403:,
2399:,
2395:,
2391:,
2387:,
2383:,
2373:,
1580:^
1536:^
1522:^
1507:^
1480:^
1373:A
1180:.
1114:.
903:.
886:).
795:.
735:.
653:.
613::
555:.
440:.
300:.
173:,
95:48
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1562:'
1553:'
1364:.
999:♥
995:♦
970:♥
955:♥
929:(
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874:(
868:.
852:(
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689:♦
677:♦
403:♥
401:(
350:♥
290:♥
236:♥
22:.
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