982:
58:
72:
89:
387:
1234:
928:
948:. Armenia agreed to join the Soviet sphere, while Soviet Russia agreed to protect its remaining territory from the advancing Turkish army. The Soviets also pledged to take steps to rebuild the army, to protect the Armenians and not to persecute non-communists, although the final condition of this pledge was reneged when the
1136:
1085:
992:
On 18 February 1921, the ARF led an anti-Soviet rebellion in
Yerevan and seized power. The ARF controlled Yerevan and the surrounding regions for almost 42 days before being defeated by the numerically superior Red Army troops later in April 1921. The leaders of the rebellion then retreated into the
908:
sympathized with the
Turkish Movement due to their mutual opposition to the western powers, or "Western Imperialism," as the Bolsheviks referred to it. The Soviet government allied with the Turkish nationalists and sent them gold and weapons. This proved disastrous for the Armenians, and eventually
943:
Armenia gave way to communist power in late 1920. The Soviet 11th Red Army's invasion of the First
Republic of Armenia started on the 29 November 1920. The actual transfer of power took place on December 2 in Yerevan, when the Armenian leadership approved an ultimatum presented to it by the Soviet
972:
sent a telegram to Nzhdeh, suggesting allowing the sovietisation of Syunik, through which they could gain the support of the
Bolshevik government in solving the problems of the Armenian lands. Nzhdeh did not depart from Syunik and continued his struggle against the Red Army and Soviet Azerbaijan.
837:
In 1920–1921 with an
Armenian Citizen Army of around 15,000 General Nzhdeh and his highly motivated soldiers inflicted heavy casualties upon the Kemalist Turkish army of over 100,000 coming from the West (Ankara) and the Soviet Red Army with over 150,000 forces coming from the East (Baku).
871:
of the empire to the nascent
Armenian Republic. However, the Allies were more concerned with concluding the peace treaties with Germany and the other European members of the Central Powers. In matters related to the Near East, the principal western powers,
888:, had conflicting interests over the spheres of influence they were to assume. While there were crippling internal disputes between the Allies, the United States was reluctant to accept a
331:
317:
292:
1059:
1022:
1670:
1665:
1351:
1000:, announced the independence of the self-governing regions of Daralakyaz (Vayots Dzor), Zangezur, and Mountainous Artsakh, under the name of the
1222:
981:
1200:
1141:
893:
749:
1675:
873:
57:
1650:
1366:
71:
1655:
1685:
1645:
102:
1041:
1680:
1060:"Republic of Mountainous Armenia (26 April 1921, capital: Goris, including: Syunik, Vayots Dzor and parts of modern-day NKR)"
324:
1215:
1120:
691:
310:
1063:
1576:
1546:
1294:
1581:
1320:
742:
1336:
1305:
1090:
636:
626:
1541:
1315:
1155:
1112:
823:
496:
1602:
1361:
1208:
661:
431:
421:
1230:
922:
860:
717:
619:
1531:
1371:
1017:
735:
606:
511:
406:
366:
1566:
1536:
1310:
889:
666:
576:
536:
1660:
1607:
1495:
897:
686:
561:
297:
679:
1586:
776:
386:
834:
in April 1921. It was not recognized by any country but existed until mid-July of the same year.
721:
596:
411:
88:
77:
1104:
819:
877:
830:
and his allies with the support of local guerrilla forces, following the suppression of the
631:
571:
1551:
1356:
1238:
811:
8:
1622:
706:
399:
157:
856:
1445:
1395:
968:, who declared Syunik as a self-governing region on December 25, 1920. In January 1921
826:) in the west. It was established by military commander and Armenian political thinker
586:
516:
501:
486:
375:
1561:
1556:
1390:
1194:
1116:
1045:
969:
961:
952:
were forced out of the country. The Soviet
Government proposed the annexation of the
831:
767:
656:
651:
581:
526:
223:
131:
38:
806:
Armenian state roughly corresponding with the territory that is now the present-day
1571:
1500:
1440:
1425:
1405:
1400:
953:
881:
566:
549:
531:
426:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1450:
1346:
1331:
997:
957:
910:
815:
725:
646:
641:
591:
479:
63:
1188:
1490:
1470:
1435:
1415:
1410:
1283:
1252:
985:
965:
827:
601:
491:
198:
186:
1639:
1480:
1465:
1430:
1257:
932:
885:
797:
781:
506:
263:
945:
868:
864:
852:
436:
1485:
353:
1137:
Armenia and the
Caucasus in the Genesis of the Soviet-Turkish Entente
927:
905:
803:
521:
1159:
1475:
1420:
1288:
949:
901:
556:
451:
258:
162:
150:
118:
1617:
1263:
1233:
936:
807:
701:
441:
349:
145:
1179:
1300:
466:
461:
446:
1460:
1109:
The
Republic of Armenia: From Versailles to London, 1919–1920
456:
112:
1042:"Լեռնահայաստանի 85-ամյակը նշեցին միայն Սյունիքի մարզկերտում"
996:
On 26 April 1921, the 2nd Pan-Zangezurian congress, held in
416:
1023:
List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
1352:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
1637:
939:in 1920, effectively ending Armenian self-rule.
791:
28:
1671:States and territories disestablished in 1921
1216:
1044:. Armtown.com. April 27, 2006. Archived from
1004:and later on 1 June 1921, it was renamed the
900:had both set their sights on taking over the
892:over Armenia. Meanwhile, the recently formed
743:
1142:International Journal of Middle East Studies
988:was the leader of anti-Bolshevik resistance.
894:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1145:, Vol. 4, No. 2 (April, 1973), pp. 129–147.
1103:
916:
1666:States and territories established in 1921
1367:Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
1223:
1209:
1094:. Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan., 1968), pp. 145–168.
750:
736:
87:
980:
926:
1638:
1204:
964:. This step was strongly rejected by
863:, the Allies had vowed to punish the
16:Unrecognized state in Caucasia (1921)
1189:Հայոց Գաղափարաբանության Հենասյուները
867:and reward some, if not all, of the
818:, and some parts of the present-day
325:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
846:
13:
1676:History of the Republic of Artsakh
385:
311:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
14:
1697:
1651:1921 disestablishments in Armenia
1577:Turkish consulate attack in Paris
1295:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1289:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
1656:Armenia in the Russian Civil War
1321:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
1232:
329:
315:
290:
70:
56:
1613:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
1091:Journal of Contemporary History
1086:The Allies and Armenia, 1915–18
1002:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
764:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
697:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
25:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
1646:1921 establishments in Armenia
1582:Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
1542:Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
1343:Defunct militant organizations
1316:Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
1173:
1148:
1129:
1113:University of California Press
1097:
1078:
1052:
1034:
976:
824:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
1:
1681:Former unrecognized countries
1362:New Armenian Resistance Group
1028:
913:fell to the invading forces.
841:
783:Leṙnahayastani Hanrapetut’yun
772:Լեռնահայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն
31:Լեռնահայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն
1547:Yıldız assassination attempt
923:Red Army invasion of Armenia
7:
1603:Provisional Republic of Van
1532:Armenian national awakening
1372:Armenian Revolutionary Army
1311:National Revival of Artsakh
1158:. Njdeh.com. Archived from
1018:History of Nagorno-Karabakh
1011:
861:peace negotiations in Paris
798:
782:
512:Christianization of Armenia
10:
1702:
1686:Post–Russian Empire states
1567:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
1537:Armenian national movement
920:
577:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
537:Muslim conquest of Armenia
1608:First Republic of Armenia
1595:
1524:
1380:
1273:
1245:
1156:"Garegin Njdeh biography"
1135:Hovannisian, Richard G. "
1111:. Vol. 2. Berkeley:
1084:Hovannisian, Richard G. "
904:, including Armenia. The
898:Turkish National Movement
792:
771:
687:First Republic of Armenia
562:Principality of Hamamshen
432:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
422:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
345:
298:First Republic of Armenia
269:
257:
253:
243:
233:
229:18 Feb – 2 Apr 1920
220:
216:
208:
204:
192:
180:
176:
168:
156:
144:
127:
108:
98:
86:
52:
47:
29:
23:
1587:1983 Orly Airport attack
1457:Militants and commanders
1280:Active political parties
917:Sovietization of Armenia
786:), also known as simply
1105:Hovannisian, Richard G.
597:Principality of Khachen
462:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
407:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
390:Coat of Arms of Armenia
989:
960:regions of Armenia to
940:
820:Republic of Azerbaijan
391:
245:• Disestablished
1337:National United Party
1306:National Agenda Party
1195:Other Armenian States
984:
930:
859:, and in the ensuing
855:, the signing of the
572:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
389:
128:Common languages
1552:Battle of Sardarabad
1357:Army of Independence
1239:Armenian nationalism
702:Contemporary Armenia
1623:Republic of Artsakh
1618:Republic of Armenia
1180:Mountainous Armenia
1006:Republic of Armenia
788:Mountainous Armenia
707:Republic of Artsakh
457:Nairi Confederation
412:Kura–Araxes culture
1596:Political entities
1446:Rafayel Ishkhanian
1396:Mikayel Nalbandian
1066:on 21 October 2014
990:
941:
607:Kingdom of Cilicia
587:Kingdom of Artsakh
567:Kingdom of Armenia
557:Emirate of Armenia
517:Kingdom of Sophene
497:Kingdom of Armenia
487:Satrapy of Armenia
392:
103:Unrecognized state
1631:
1630:
1562:Karabakh movement
1557:February Uprising
1391:Khachatur Abovian
1048:on July 16, 2011.
970:Drastamat Kanayan
962:Soviet Azerbaijan
869:eastern provinces
832:February Uprising
780:
760:
759:
667:National movement
657:Armenian genocide
652:Armenian question
582:Kingdom of Syunik
527:Byzantine Armenia
359:
358:
341:
340:
337:
336:
303:
302:
224:February Uprising
140:
123:
1693:
1661:Former republics
1572:Khojaly massacre
1501:Movses Gorgisyan
1441:Silva Kaputikyan
1426:Avetis Aharonian
1406:Mkrtich Khrimian
1237:
1236:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1191:from noravank.am
1182:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1152:
1146:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1101:
1095:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1062:. Archived from
1056:
1050:
1049:
1038:
954:Nagorno-Karabagh
944:plenipotentiary
857:Treaty of Sèvres
847:Post World War I
822:(in particular,
801:
795:
794:
785:
775:
773:
752:
745:
738:
620:Early modern age
532:Sasanian Armenia
379:
361:
360:
333:
332:
319:
318:
307:
306:
294:
293:
287:
286:
271:
270:
235:• Declared
134:
115:
91:
74:
60:
42:
34:
33:
32:
21:
20:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1591:
1520:
1516:Jirair Sefilian
1511:Vazgen Sargsyan
1506:Monte Melkonian
1451:Monte Melkonian
1376:
1347:Armenian fedayi
1332:Armenakan Party
1328:Defunct parties
1269:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1197:from freenet.am
1185:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1102:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1014:
998:Tatev monastery
993:Syunik region.
979:
925:
919:
911:Western Armenia
849:
844:
802:), was an anti-
756:
712:
711:
692:Armenian S.S.R.
682:
672:
671:
662:Western Armenia
647:Armenian Oblast
642:Russian Armenia
637:Ottoman Armenia
627:Iranian Armenia
622:
612:
611:
592:Zakarid Armenia
552:
542:
541:
502:Armenian Empire
482:
472:
471:
402:
377:
370:
352:
330:
316:
291:
246:
236:
226:
195:
183:
94:
82:
81:
80:
75:
67:
66:
61:
43:
36:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:Hagop Hagopian
1493:
1491:Garegin Nzhdeh
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Kevork Chavush
1468:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Kevork Ajemian
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:Garegin Nzhdeh
1413:
1411:Shahan Natalie
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1284:Adequate Party
1281:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1253:United Armenia
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1162:on May 4, 2009
1147:
1128:
1122:978-0520041868
1121:
1096:
1077:
1051:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1010:
986:Garegin Nzhdeh
978:
975:
966:Garegin Nzhdeh
921:Main article:
918:
915:
848:
845:
843:
840:
828:Garegin Nzhdeh
758:
757:
755:
754:
747:
740:
732:
729:
728:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
683:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
632:Five Melikdoms
629:
623:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
602:Mongol Armenia
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
417:Legend of Hayk
414:
409:
403:
398:
397:
394:
393:
382:
381:
372:
371:
364:
357:
356:
347:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
327:
321:
320:
313:
304:
301:
300:
295:
283:
282:
277:
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
201:
199:Simon Vratsian
196:
193:
190:
189:
187:Garegin Nzhdeh
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:Prime Minister
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
148:
142:
141:
129:
125:
124:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
84:
83:
76:
69:
68:
62:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
45:
44:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1698:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1634:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Aram Manukian
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Aghbiur Serob
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Hayk Asatryan
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:Organizations
1272:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:Tseghakronism
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
987:
983:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
938:
934:
933:11th Red Army
929:
924:
914:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:United States
883:
879:
875:
874:Great Britain
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:provinces of
809:
805:
800:
799:Leṙnahayastan
793:Լեռնահայաստան
789:
784:
778:
769:
765:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
733:
731:
730:
727:
723:
719:
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442:Arme–Shupria
280:Succeeded by
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249:13 July 1921
194:• 1921
182:• 1921
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78:Coat of arms
18:
1070:26 November
977:Declaration
931:The Soviet
865:Young Turks
853:World War I
812:Vayots Dzor
550:Middle Ages
437:Hayasa-Azzi
376:History of
275:Preceded by
1640:Categories
1486:Armen Garo
1291:(Ramgavar)
1166:2009-11-19
1029:References
906:Bolsheviks
851:Following
842:Background
680:Modern age
400:Prehistory
354:Azerbaijan
158:Government
146:Demonym(s)
1323:(Hunchak)
1297:(Dashnak)
804:Bolshevik
777:romanized
726:Etymology
522:Commagene
480:Antiquity
48:1920–1921
1476:Andranik
1421:Siamanto
1387:Thinkers
1246:Ideology
1107:(1982).
1012:See also
950:Dashnaks
902:Caucasus
884:and the
808:Armenian
768:Armenian
718:Timeline
367:a series
365:Part of
163:Republic
151:Armenian
137:de facto
132:Armenian
119:de facto
39:Armenian
1525:History
1264:Miatsum
937:Yerevan
935:enters
890:mandate
779::
722:Origins
378:Armenia
350:Armenia
222:•
209:History
109:Capital
1381:People
1301:Hosank
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958:Syunik
878:France
816:Syunik
467:Etiuni
447:Mushki
427:Armani
369:on the
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1461:Arabo
1401:Raffi
882:Italy
452:Urumu
113:Goris
1117:ISBN
1072:2013
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896:and
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