206:. Depending on the significance of these changes a professional may be required, especially if any changes other than cosmetic work (paint or finishes) is required. Many local codes require a professional to complete work in the built environment such as structural changes, new walls, new plumbing, or many others. Doing these changes without hiring a professional can result in health effects, safety concerns, damages, fines, and increased cost due to having to hire a professional after self-work. Most builders focus on building new homes, so renovating is typically a part-time activity for such tradespeople. The processes and services required for renovations are quite specific and, once plans are signed off, building a new home is relatively predictable. However, during renovation projects, flexibility is often required from renovation companies to respond to unexpected issues that arise. Renovations usually require all of the sub-trades that are needed for the construction of a new building.
359:
125:
112:
108:) is the process of improving broken, damaged, or outdated structures. Renovations are typically done on either commercial or residential buildings. Additionally, renovation can refer to making something new, or bringing something back to life and can apply in social contexts. For example, a community can be renovated if it is strengthened and revived. It can also be restoring something to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding). Renovation is very common in some places. For example, there are more than twenty thousand home improvement projects every year in Hong Kong, affecting more than a million residents (population of HK is around 7.5 million in 2023).
866:
737:
728:
746:
773:
764:
755:
267:
companies which have different spacial requirements than the previous users causing needed renovation. Renovations can also occur as companies increase size which could lead to needed additional retail, office, or other types of spaces. Similarly to homes other building owners could also want renovations to increased value, make the building more energy efficient, green or sustainable, or to update the building. Sometimes shopping centres or shops are renovated to raise rent later.
912:
648:
515:
436:
327:
823:
313:, between 2000 and mid-2003. Thirty percent of the buildings were less than 50 years old, and 6% were less than 25 years old. The four top reasons for demolition were "area redevelopment" (35%), "building’s physical condition" (31%), "not suitable for anticipated use" (22%), and "fire damage" (7%). Lack of maintenance was cited as the specific problem for 54 of the 70 buildings where physical condition was given as the reason for demolition.
59:
230:
202:
has had a meaningful effect on the renovation process, increasing the significance and strength of the planning stage. The availability of free online design tools has improved visualization of the changes, at a fraction of the cost of hiring a professional designer. The decision regarding changes is
195:
Projects involving renovation require not just flexibility, but a plan that had been agreed upon by multiple parties. The planning process will involve feedback from financial investors of the project, and from the designer. Part of planning will also entail the collection of data for the completion
808:
Having these ideas in mind while designing new buildings significantly increases the likelihood for renovations to happen. Buildings are more likely to be torn down because they can not accommodate the new desired use then because the structure is failing. Renovations allow old buildings to fit new
792:
Currently, worldwide 38% of emissions and 35% of energy use come from the building sector, including building construction and operation. This means renovations contribute to emissions and energy use of the building sector. These percentages are the largest portion of the total emissions and energy
305:
In North
America, most structures are demolished because of external forces such as zoning changes and rising land values. Additionally, buildings that cannot be modified to serve the functional needs of the occupants are subject to demolition. Very few buildings on the continent are demolished due
301:
verifies that wood products have been sourced from well-managed forests. Most certification programs provide online search options so that consumers can find certified products—the
Certification Canada program includes a search option for all of the certification programs that are in use in Canada.
266:
Other types of renovations also can be initiated for similar reasons. The user or owner of a building can change which can effect the needs or wants for the space prompting a renovation. This is becoming more popular as buildings owners are renting or leasing floors or sections of the buildings to
257:
Many people renovate homes to create a new appearance. Builders may renovate homes to enhance the home's value as a stable source of income. Homeowners often renovate their homes to increase the re-sale value and to turn a profit when selling. Homeowners may also want to add renovations that make
796:
Renovations decrease emissions as instead of demolishing a building just to build a new one the building is reused. Reuse of buildings is not always desirable as it is often pursued to have a building designed for the many individual and unique needs building owners have but it is not always a
209:
In case of a so-called "fix-and-flip" (repair and resell) objective, an ROI (return on investment) can result from changes to fix a structural issue, to fix design flow yield, or to use light and color to make rooms appear more spacious. Because interior renovation could change of the internal
210:
structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc often times an interior designer is required as well.
283:
is versatile and flexible, making it the easiest construction material for renovations, and wood buildings can be redesigned to suit changing needs. Few homeowners or professional remodelers possess the skill and equipment that is required to alter steel-frame or concrete structures.
232:
236:
235:
231:
237:
1501:
United
Nations Environment Programme, "2020 Global status report for buildings and construction: towards a zero-emissions, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector" (Nairobi, Kenya: Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, 2020). from:
467:
While the type of material used will determine the composition of the dust generated, the size and amount of particulates produced are mainly determined by the type of tool used. Implementation of effective dust control measures may also play a role.
234:
147:- The beginning of the project that includes the hiring of construction and design teams, defining the scope of the work, creating a budget, and communicating the needs, expectations, and wants from both the client and building team
362:
A shop under renovation, Hong Kong. The type of dust generated depends on the material being worked on. For example, in the above photo the dust does not seem to be solely wood dust, concrete dust, metal dust or paint
258:
their home more energy efficient, green or sustainable. Also, over time, a homeowner’s personal preferences and needs may change, and the home will be renovated for improved aesthetics, comfort, or functionality.
1324:
805:
and reuse is designing for new buildings to be "long lasting, use-adaptable, and culturally valuable" to allow for the building to be kept for longer to minimize emissions from a complete rebuild.
233:
159:- Beginning the design work by testing out concept ideas, designing multiple iterations of outcomes, communicating with the client, and receiving client feedback on the design to make changes
168:- Finalizing the design work by making sure the design is what the client wants, making sure the design works with existing conditions, creating a more detailed design (including specs and
793:
use globally. This makes buildings have the highest potential for decreasing these percentages as well as the largest need to decrease them. Renovations are also one way to do this.
1195:
191:- The end of the project which includes turnover to the client, punch listing, walking through with the client, and verifying that project scope and expectations were met
1244:
797:
necessity. Renovations can take a building and make it completely different from the old building just reusing the structure, which is often the largest contributor of
153:- This includes measuring, drawing, and analyzing the structure to be renovated, and identifying any major issues with the project that could effect work to be done
1305:
Harvey, C. (2012). Renovate or sell? Builders, homeowners opt for remodeling investment. Business
Journal Serving Fresno & The Central San Joaquin Valley, 1-5.
185:
needed, building new designed conditions, applying finishes, and trouble shooting any problems or unknown conditions that are brought to light during construction
1316:
140:
The building renovation process can usually, depending on the extents of the renovation, be broken down into several phases. The phases are as follow.
1452:
1271:
1523:
1409:
358:
1561:
1181:
Galiotto, Nicolas, Per
Heiselberg, and Mary-Ann Knudstrup. "Integrated renovation process: overcoming barriers to sustainable renovation."
809:
needs in a way that outputs less emissions than a complete tear down and construction of a new building which is often a feasible option.
1556:
124:
1551:
504:
1349:
1566:
780:
In the US, “About 75% of homes built before 1978 contain some lead-based paint. The older the home the more likely it is to contain
1503:
702:
1202:
674:
69:
1236:
681:
1120:
287:
When looking at embodied carbon in building materials wood is often labeled as the most sustainable. This is because it
295:
of buildings. This makes it a low emitting choice for a building material for an overall building and for renovations.
1154:
Konstantinou, Thaleia; Prieto, Alejandro; Armijos-Moya, Tatiana (2021). "Renovation
Process Challenges and Barriers".
801:
to a building. However, in order to be able to do this buildings need to be design durably and re-use. Designing for
688:
1477:
196:
of the project and then the project plan will be revised and given consent before continuing with renovations.
111:
670:
1369:"Reimagining low-carbon futures: Architectural and ecological tradeoffs of mass timber for durable buildings"
1445:
378:
136:
in the process of being renovated in June 1971. Note the elements of the edifice scattered and sorted about.
1417:
172:), also could include the beginning of construction or demolition work while the design is being finalized
38:
31:
1267:
623:
619:
17:
1586:
1516:
591:
204:
1581:
1350:
https://globalconstructionco.com/2019/10/10/8-reasons-its-time-to-remodel-your-commercial-building/
1095:
874:
1196:"Feasibility Study for the Academy Building Renovation and Town Hall and Memorial Building Reuse"
923:
736:
727:
660:
527:
448:
339:
695:
1504:
https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2020%20Buildings%20GSR_FULL%20REPORT.pdf
998:
870:
309:
The Athena
Institute surveyed 227 commercial and residential buildings that were demolished in
865:
133:
1317:"This Dutch construction innovation shows it's possible to quickly retrofit every building"
288:
587:
581:
8:
987:
310:
1390:
993:
972:
627:
595:
494:
292:
129:
1394:
1164:
1049:
956:
490:
246:
841:
77:
1380:
1292:
1159:
982:
781:
498:
772:
763:
754:
745:
845:
798:
599:
81:
1385:
1368:
977:
637:
298:
241:
Many cities and towns have been renovated because of the devastations, such as
45:
1023:
1575:
878:
833:
1008:
952:
486:
408:
250:
80:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
1567:
Renovation and Repair, Part of Indoor Air
Quality Design Tools for Schools
897:
generating tax revenue during both the construction and residential phases
1013:
1003:
784:. You should assume that any home built before 1978 contains some lead.”
482:
224:
169:
911:
647:
514:
435:
326:
802:
425:
393:
199:
179:
1069:
1044:
1018:
633:
611:
242:
967:
603:
388:
373:
368:
44:"Renovators" redirects here. For the Australian TV game show, see
1039:
1028:
948:
615:
607:
413:
291:
which if certified sustainably sourced will significantly reduce
1522:. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. 2007.
1557:
Best
Practices for Indoor Air Quality when Remodeling Your Home
962:
398:
383:
182:
164:
1153:
178:- Starting the physical work by completing demolition needed,
403:
1201:. Bridgewater, Massachusetts. 15 August 2012. Archived from
1470:
1344:"8 Reasons It's Time to Remodel Your Commercial Building."
1034:
280:
1562:
Indoor air quality during renovation actions: a case study
1552:
1517:"Foundations for future growth in the Remodeling Industry"
1226:
Litchfield, Michael W. "Renovations". Taunton Press, 2005.
884:
Renovation has several effects on economies, including:
1156:
The 9th Annual Edition of Sustainable Places (SP 2021)
203:
also influenced by the purpose of basement renovation
1443:
1407:
119:
1088:
115:
Truman's renovation of the White House, 17 May 1950
379:Asbestos#Substitutes for asbestos in construction
37:"Remodeling" redirects here. For other uses, see
27:Improving a broken, damaged or outdated structure
1573:
1410:"Certification status - Canada & the globe"
571:From (not properly covered) construction waste
1062:
505:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
1439:
1437:
1435:
1384:
1373:Architecture, Structures and Construction
1163:
864:
357:
228:
123:
110:
419:
14:
1574:
1446:Minnesota Demolition Survey: Phase Two
1444:The Athena Institute (February 2004).
1432:
1314:
213:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1183:Journal of architectural engineering
1177:
1175:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
905:
816:
641:
508:
429:
320:
253:reconstruction of Rovaniemi in 1949.
52:
1458:from the original on 6 October 2022
1247:from the original on 6 October 2022
261:
24:
1545:
1529:from the original on 7 August 2014
1355:
588:Metalworking § Health effects
582:Particulates § Health effects
568:Pollutants escaped from air outlet
25:
1598:
1172:
1138:
787:
120:Phases and process of renovations
1451:(Report). Forintek Canada Corp.
1265:
1165:10.3390/environsciproc2021011006
1070:"訂修噪音條例今起諮詢 管制住宅裝修使用撞擊式破碎機需呈報預繳"
910:
821:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
646:
596:Power tools § Health impact
513:
434:
325:
57:
1509:
1495:
1401:
1338:
1327:from the original on 2022-04-09
1308:
1299:
1285:
1274:from the original on 2022-10-06
1259:
1229:
1220:
1188:
1113:
476:
13:
1:
1408:Certification Canada (2012).
1268:"What is interior renovation"
1055:
901:
600:Asbestos § Health impact
1315:Peters, Adele (2022-01-14).
844:or discuss the issue on the
270:
151:Existing conditions analysis
7:
1367:Laboy, Michelle M. (2022).
942:
812:
558:Solvents / thinners / dours
306:to structural degradation.
176:Construction and demolition
39:Remodeling (disambiguation)
32:Renovation (disambiguation)
10:
1603:
1386:10.1007/s44150-022-00048-7
1237:"Add Value to Real Estate"
894:increasing property values
836:towards certain viewpoints
631:
624:Brain health and pollution
620:Occupational dust exposure
585:
579:
562:
502:
480:
471:
423:
222:
43:
36:
29:
1121:"Home Renovation Process"
1076:(in Chinese). 18 Dec 2023
592:Health impacts of sawdust
575:
546:
316:
72:toward certain viewpoints
218:
1296:, 39/2004. (in Finnish)
1266:fuli, Interior design.
1096:"Press Releases Detail"
275:
1482:Lead Contaminated Soil
1416:. FPAC. Archived from
1185:22.1 (2016): 04015007.
920:This section is empty.
881:
869:Renovated church, now
722:Shops under renovation
364:
254:
137:
116:
1506:. Accessed 8 Oct 2021
868:
586:Further information:
503:Further information:
361:
240:
134:Lincoln Park, Chicago
127:
114:
1478:"MN Dept. of Health"
1414:Certification Canada
671:"Renovation hazards"
612:Paint § Failure
420:Tools and equipments
299:Forest certification
189:Project finalization
30:For other uses, see
1346:Global Construction
988:How Buildings Learn
891:increasing spending
842:improve the article
311:St. Paul, Minnesota
214:Reasons to renovate
78:improve the article
994:Indoor air quality
973:Construction waste
882:
659:. You can help by
628:Indoor air quality
526:. You can help by
495:Construction waste
447:. You can help by
365:
338:. You can help by
255:
249:. Video about the
145:Project initiation
138:
130:Victorian building
128:The interior of a
117:
1050:Wood preservative
957:Trichloroethylene
940:
939:
863:
862:
719:
718:
544:
543:
491:Construction dust
465:
464:
356:
355:
289:sequesters carbon
238:
99:
98:
16:(Redirected from
1594:
1587:Home improvement
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1364:
1353:
1348:, 9 Sept. 2022,
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1293:Suomen Kuvalehti
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1208:on 8 August 2014
1207:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1151:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1066:
999:Lead positioning
983:Home improvement
935:
932:
922:You can help by
914:
906:
858:
855:
849:
825:
824:
817:
782:lead-based paint
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
714:
711:
705:
650:
642:
539:
536:
517:
509:
499:Shopping centres
460:
457:
438:
430:
351:
348:
329:
321:
262:Other properties
247:Lapland, Finland
239:
94:
91:
85:
61:
60:
53:
21:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1582:Interior design
1572:
1571:
1548:
1546:Further reading
1543:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1420:on 23 July 2012
1406:
1402:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1152:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1100:censtatd.gov.hk
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
945:
936:
930:
927:
915:
904:
859:
853:
850:
839:
826:
822:
815:
799:embodied carbon
790:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
715:
709:
706:
665:
664:
657:needs expansion
651:
640:
630:
584:
578:
565:
549:
540:
534:
531:
524:needs expansion
518:
507:
501:
479:
474:
461:
455:
452:
445:needs expansion
439:
428:
422:
352:
346:
343:
336:needs expansion
330:
319:
293:embodied carbon
278:
273:
264:
229:
227:
221:
216:
122:
95:
89:
86:
75:
62:
58:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1508:
1494:
1469:
1431:
1400:
1379:(4): 723–741.
1354:
1337:
1307:
1298:
1284:
1258:
1228:
1219:
1187:
1171:
1137:
1112:
1087:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
980:
978:Do it yourself
975:
970:
965:
960:
944:
941:
938:
937:
918:
916:
909:
903:
900:
899:
898:
895:
892:
889:
861:
860:
854:September 2024
829:
827:
820:
814:
811:
789:
788:Sustainability
786:
778:
777:
770:
768:
761:
759:
752:
750:
743:
741:
734:
732:
725:
723:
717:
716:
654:
652:
645:
638:Lead poisoning
580:Main article:
577:
574:
573:
572:
569:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
553:
548:
545:
542:
541:
535:September 2024
521:
519:
512:
478:
475:
473:
470:
463:
462:
442:
440:
433:
421:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
354:
353:
333:
331:
324:
318:
315:
277:
274:
272:
269:
263:
260:
220:
217:
215:
212:
193:
192:
186:
173:
160:
157:Initial design
154:
148:
121:
118:
97:
96:
65:
63:
56:
47:The Renovators
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1161:
1158:. p. 6.
1157:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
954:
950:
947:
946:
934:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
907:
896:
893:
890:
888:creating jobs
887:
886:
885:
880:
879:Massachusetts
876:
872:
867:
857:
847:
843:
837:
835:
830:This section
828:
819:
818:
810:
806:
804:
800:
794:
785:
783:
774:
769:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
721:
720:
713:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673: –
672:
668:
667:Find sources:
662:
658:
655:This section
653:
649:
644:
643:
639:
635:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
583:
570:
567:
566:
557:
554:
551:
550:
538:
529:
525:
522:This section
520:
516:
511:
510:
506:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
469:
459:
450:
446:
443:This section
441:
437:
432:
431:
427:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
360:
350:
341:
337:
334:This section
332:
328:
323:
322:
314:
312:
307:
303:
300:
296:
294:
290:
285:
282:
268:
259:
252:
248:
244:
226:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
190:
187:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
141:
135:
131:
126:
113:
109:
107:
104:(also called
103:
93:
83:
79:
73:
71:
66:This article
64:
55:
54:
49:
48:
40:
33:
19:
1531:. Retrieved
1511:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1413:
1403:
1376:
1372:
1345:
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1321:Fast Company
1320:
1310:
1301:
1291:
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1241:Investopedia
1240:
1231:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1190:
1182:
1155:
1128:. Retrieved
1125:Investopedia
1124:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1009:Particulates
953:Formaldehyde
931:January 2024
928:
924:adding to it
919:
883:
871:condominiums
851:
831:
807:
795:
791:
779:
707:
699:
692:
685:
678:
666:
661:adding to it
656:
532:
528:adding to it
523:
487:Particulates
466:
456:January 2024
453:
449:adding to it
444:
409:Plasterboard
347:January 2024
344:
340:adding to it
335:
308:
304:
297:
286:
279:
265:
256:
251:post-war era
208:
198:
194:
188:
175:
162:
156:
150:
144:
139:
105:
101:
100:
87:
67:
46:
1031:(wood dust)
1024:Repair Café
1014:Power tools
1004:Metal swarf
710:August 2023
483:Power tools
477:Air quality
225:Home repair
170:engineering
163:Finalizing
90:August 2023
1576:Categories
1331:2022-04-09
1278:2022-07-14
1056:References
902:Regulation
834:unbalanced
803:durability
682:newspapers
632:See also:
481:See also:
426:Power tool
424:See also:
394:Lead paint
223:See also:
200:Technology
180:structural
106:remodeling
102:Renovation
70:unbalanced
18:Renovating
1395:249261569
1130:1 January
1045:Wood glue
1019:Pollution
875:Watertown
846:talk page
634:Silicosis
271:Materials
243:Rovaniemi
82:talk page
1533:2 August
1524:Archived
1453:Archived
1325:Archived
1272:Archived
1245:Archived
1212:2 August
968:Concrete
943:See also
813:Economic
604:Concrete
389:Concrete
374:Asbestos
369:Adhesive
1462:20 June
1040:Welding
1029:Sawdust
949:Benzene
840:Please
832:may be
696:scholar
616:Welding
608:Solvent
563:Outdoor
472:Effects
414:Solvent
183:repairs
76:Please
68:may be
1424:2 July
1393:
1105:10 Jan
1080:10 Jan
990:(book)
963:Cancer
698:
691:
684:
677:
669:
626:, and
576:Health
547:Indoor
497:, and
399:Metals
384:Cement
317:Others
165:design
1527:(PDF)
1520:(PDF)
1487:1 May
1456:(PDF)
1449:(PDF)
1391:S2CID
1251:2 May
1206:(PDF)
1199:(PDF)
959:(TCE)
703:JSTOR
689:books
555:Fumes
404:Paint
363:dust.
219:Homes
1535:2014
1489:2024
1464:2013
1426:2012
1253:2017
1214:2014
1132:2022
1107:2024
1082:2024
1074:香港01
1035:TVOC
675:news
636:and
552:Dust
281:Wood
276:Wood
1381:doi
1160:doi
926:.
530:.
451:.
342:.
245:in
132:in
1578::
1480:.
1434:^
1412:.
1389:.
1375:.
1371:.
1357:^
1323:.
1319:.
1270:.
1243:.
1239:.
1174:^
1140:^
1123:.
1098:.
1072:.
955:|
951:|
877:,
873:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
594:,
590:,
493:,
489:,
485:,
1537:.
1491:.
1466:.
1428:.
1397:.
1383::
1377:2
1352:.
1334:.
1281:.
1255:.
1216:.
1168:.
1162::
1134:.
1109:.
1084:.
933:)
929:(
856:)
852:(
848:.
838:.
712:)
708:(
700:·
693:·
686:·
679:·
663:.
537:)
533:(
458:)
454:(
349:)
345:(
92:)
88:(
84:.
74:.
50:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.