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likely to occur between the world's major civilizations—identifying eight, and a possible ninth: (i) Western, (ii) Latin
American, (iii) Islamic, (iv) Sinic (Chinese), (v) Hindu, (vi) Orthodox, (vii) Japanese, (viii) African, and (ix) Buddhist. This cultural organization contrasts the contemporary world with the classical notion of sovereign states. To understand current and future conflict, cultural rifts must be understood, and culture—rather than the State—must be accepted as the reason for war. Thus, Western nations will lose predominance if they fail to recognize the irreconcilable nature of cultural tensions. Huntington argued that this post-Cold War shift in geopolitical organization and structure requires the West to strengthen itself culturally, by abandoning the imposition of its ideal of democratic universalism and its incessant military interventionism. Underscoring this point, Huntington wrote in the 1996 expansion, "In the emerging world of ethnic conflict and civilizational clash, Western belief in the universality of Western culture suffers three problems: it is false; it is immoral; and it is dangerous."
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religions" to "save itself against the threats" of Latino and
Islamic immigrants. In a book review for the academic journal Perspectives on Politics, Gary M. Segura, Dean of the UCLA School of Public Affairs, asserted that the book should not be considered social science because of its divisive views and rhetoric. Segura also called Huntington's writing of the book unforgivable on account of Huntington's academic position, saying that the work was a polemic rather than a work of scholarship.
931:. Lang claimed that Huntington distorted the historical record and used pseudo-mathematics to make his conclusions seem convincing. Lang's campaign succeeded; Huntington was twice nominated and twice rejected. A detailed description of these events was published by Lang in "Academia, Journalism, and Politics: A Case Study: The Huntington Case" which occupies the first 222 pages of his 1998 book
682:
included police violence, detention without trial, and torture) can be necessary to effect reform. The reform process, he told his South
African audience, often requires "duplicity, deceit, faulty assumptions and purposeful blindness." He thus gave his imprimatur to his hosts' project of "reforming" apartheid rather than eliminating it.
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Furthermore, critics argue that
Huntington neglects ideological mobilization by elites and unfulfilled socioeconomic needs of the population as the real causal factors driving conflict, that he ignores conflicts that do not fit well with the civilizational borders identified by him, and that his new paradigm is nothing but
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the theoretical legitimization of
American-caused Western aggression against China and the world's Islamic and Orthodox cultures. Other critics argue that Huntington's taxonomy is simplistic and arbitrary, and does not take account of the internal dynamics and partisan tensions within civilizations.
681:
During the 1980s, he became a valued adviser to the South
African regime, which used his ideas on political order to craft its "total strategy" to reform apartheid and suppress growing resistance. He assured South Africa's rulers that increasing the repressive power of the state (which at that time
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Huntington argued that as societies modernize, they become more complex and disordered. If the process of social modernization that produces this disorder is not matched by a process of political and institutional modernization—a process which produces political institutions capable of managing the
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and what he describes as a cultural threat from large-scale immigration by
Latinos, which Huntington says could "divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages". In this book, he called for America to force immigrants to "adopt English" and the US to turn to "Protestant
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in 1996. The article and the book posit that post-Cold War conflict would most frequently and violently occur because of cultural rather than ideological differences. That, whilst in the Cold War, conflict occurred between the
Capitalist Western Bloc and the Communist Eastern Bloc, it now was most
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government representatives in Brazil; a year later he published the report "Approaches to
Political Decompression", warning against the risks of a too-rapid political liberalization, proposing gradual liberalization, and a strong party state modeled upon the image of the Mexican
840:
While a statist approach highlights the possibility of a
Russian-Ukrainian war, a civilizational approach minimizes that and instead highlights the possibility of Ukraine splitting in half, a separation which cultural factors would lead one to predict might be more violent than
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who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the elite's global operations". The phrase refers to the
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magazine. In the article, he argued that, after the fall of the Soviet Union, Islam would become the biggest obstacle to Western domination of the world. The West's next big war therefore, he said, would inevitably be with Islam. Its description of post-Cold War
447:. He argued that future wars would be fought not between countries, but between cultures, and that Islamic civilization would become the biggest threat to Western domination of the world. Huntington is credited with helping to shape American views on
638:(1957), Huntington presents a general theory of civil–military relations. Huntington proposes a theory of objective civilian control, according to which the optimal means of asserting control over the armed forces is to professionalize them.
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Joseph Lelyveld, Move Your Shadow (New York, 1985), pages 68–69; Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido, "South Africa Since 1976: an historical perspective," in Shaun Johnson, ed., South Africa: No Turning Back (London, 1988), pages
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Huntington was born on April 18, 1927, in New York City, the son of Dorothy Sanborn (née Phillips), a short-story writer, and Richard Thomas Huntington, a publisher of hotel trade journals. His grandfather was publisher
701:, emerged in opposition to controlled transition. Moreover, Hooper claims that the lack of civil participation in contemporary Brazil results from that top-down process of political participation transitions.
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which describes a global trend which includes more than 60 countries throughout Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa which have undergone some form of democratic transition. Huntington won the 1992
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Huntington's prominence as a Harvard professor and director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs led to significant media coverage of his defeated nomination to the NAS, including by
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794:(Catholic-Protestant) was not Huntington's original idea, it was rather the traditional Western opinion and subdivision before the Cold War era. Critics (for example articles in
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Michael C. Desch. 1998. "Soldiers, States, and Structures: The End of the Cold War and Weakening U.S. Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society. 24(3): pages 389–405.
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Interview by Richard Snyder: "Samuel P. Huntington: Order and Conflict in Global Perspective," pages 210–233, in Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder,
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obituary on Huntington states that his "emphasis on ancient religious empires, as opposed to states or ethnicities, gained ... more cachet after the
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thinking in which "states" became replaced by "civilizations". Huntington's influence upon US policy has been likened to that of historian
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in New York. From 1959 to 1962 he was an associate professor of government at Columbia, where he was also associate director of their
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516:. Huntington was invited to return to Harvard with tenure in 1963 and remained there until his death. He was elected a Fellow of the
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539:(1957), which was highly controversial when it was published, but at present is regarded as the most influential book on American
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Samuel Huntington explaining himself his book and thesis about the clash of civilization in a 1997 interview with Charlie Rose
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Aubert, Karl Egil; Todorov, Audrey; Lazarus, Andrew J.; Simon, Herbert A.; Akin, Ethan; Koblitz, Neal (September 1, 1988).
1503:"Samuel P. Huntington The Soldier And The State ：the Theory And Politics Of Civil Military Relations Belknap Press (1957)"
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theorists with the interrogatively titled "The Clash of Civilizations?", an influential, oft-cited article published in
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Huntington was a member of Harvard's department of government from 1950 until he was denied tenure in 1959. Along with
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1343:. Retrieved November 30, 2023. Enlistment Date is listed as "17 Apr 1946" and Release Date is listed as "11 May 1947".
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During the 1970s, Huntington was an advisor to governments, both democratic and dictatorial. During 1972, he met with
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Huntington met his wife, Nancy Arkelyan, when they were working together on a speech for 1956 presidential candidate
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Huntington frequently cited Brazil as a success, alluding to his role in his 1988 presidential address to the
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and Jarle Crocker (1994): Challenging Huntington, in: Foreign Policy, Number 96 (Autumn, 1994), pages 113–28
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Sam Huntington discusses "Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity" with Jenny Attiyeh on
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455:, Huntington is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for political science courses.
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In 1968, just as the United States' war in Vietnam was becoming most intense, Huntington published
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theory which had affected much US policy regarding the developing world during the prior decade.
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Peter D. Feaver. 1996. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-Military Relations?"
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Huntington wrote that Ukraine might divide along the cultural line between the more Catholic
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After several years of declining health, Huntington died on December 24, 2008, at age 81 in
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theorists, that economic and social progress would produce stable democracies in recently
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1316:"POINTER - Journals - 2009 - Volume 35 Number 1 - Featured Author: Samuel P Huntington"
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Hart, Dan (December 27, 2008). "Samuel Huntington, Harvard Political Scientist, Dies".
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Zakaria, Fareed (July 27, 1987). "Blood lust in academia: The professor's vendetta".
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Huntington expanded "The Clash of Civilizations?" to book length and published it as
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Political Power: USA USSR - Similarities and contrasts, Convergence or evolution
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State Voting Laws in America: Historical Statutes and Their Modern Implications
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The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
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The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
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The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
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1423:"Samuel Huntington, 81, political scientist, scholar | Harvard Gazette"
923:, a Yale University mathematician inspired by the writings of mathematician
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973:"National Policy and the Transoceanic Navy." United States Naval Institute
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Map of the nine "civilizations" from Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations"
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and the "inevitability of instability" contrasted with the influential "
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Many Globalizations : Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World
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Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
678:. After a prolonged transition, Brazil became democratic during 1985.
451:, political development, and comparative government. According to the
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927:, who had accused Huntington of misusing mathematics and engaging in
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594:. He continued to teach undergraduates until his retirement in 2007.
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871:, was published in May 2004. Its subject is the meaning of American
402:(April 18, 1927 – December 24, 2008) was an American
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Civilian Control of the Military: The Changing Security Environment
1354:"Samuel Huntington, Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor"
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1380:"Professor Samuel Huntington author of The Clash of Civilizations"
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2024:(Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007).
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1356:. Department of Government, Harvard University. Archived from
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Smith, Michael A.; Anderson, Kevin; Rackaway, Chapman (2015).
1192:
Feliks Karol Koneczny - Droga Kariery Akademickiej (in Polish)
406:, adviser, and academic. He spent more than half a century at
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The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
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The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
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The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
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The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
1786:"A tale of three equations; or the emperors have no clothes"
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The Crisis of Democracy: On the Governability of Democracies
560:
The Crisis of Democracy: On the Governability of Democracies
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1655:"Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity"
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The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
910:
549:(1968), a work that challenged the conventional opinion of
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The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
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The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
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The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
298:
The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
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Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity
2016:"The Return of 'The West'" New York Times March 11, 2022.
1963:
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Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity
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Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity
863:
Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity
735:
489:
1250:"Samuel P. Huntington, 81, Political Scientist, Is Dead"
915:
In 1986, Huntington was nominated for membership to the
641:
1637:"Gary Segura Dean UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs"
1583:
An Eccentric Tradition: The Paradox of 'Western Values'
1290:
1740:"Prominent Harvard Scholar Barred by Science Academy"
1207:
27:
American political scientist and academic (1927–2008)
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1527:"1992- Samuel Huntington, Herman Daly and John Cobb"
1066:"After twenty years: the future of the third wave."
666:
stress of modernization—the result may be violence.
587:. He served in this position until the end of 1978.
436:
Huntington is best known for his 1993 theory, the "
2022:Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics
1878:Simon, Herbert A.; Koblitz, Neal (March 1, 1988).
1545:
954:. Simon and Koblitz debated in multiple issues of
1547:"Nigeria: September 11 And Huntington's Prophecy"
884:Huntington is credited with inventing the phrase
476:from April 1946 to May 1947 and was stationed at
5356:United States National Security Council staffers
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1648:
1646:
1100:Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress
790:The identification of Western Civilization with
754:In 1993, Huntington provoked great debate among
2126:Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor
960:, with other mathematicians joining in through
508:, who had also been denied tenure, he moved to
181:Clientelism: A Study in Administrative Politics
2097:Samuel Huntington, a prophet for the Trump era
1919:"Unclad emperors: A case of mistaken identity"
1519:
416:Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor
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2239:
2079:by Amina R. Chaudary – a 2006 interview with
1643:
853:
530:. Huntington stayed as co-editor until 1977.
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1877:
1773:. Vol. 197, no. 4. pp. 16–18.
1456:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1212:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 73.
1028:American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony
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606:. They had two sons, Nicholas and Timothy.
458:
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2087:Samuel Huntington: Ideas Have Consequences
1607:Samuel P. Huntington of Harvard Dies at 81
1566:"A Guide to the Work of Samuel Huntington"
440:" otherwise known as COC, of a post–
42:
5316:American international relations scholars
5246:21st-century American non-fiction writers
5241:20th-century American non-fiction writers
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
583:Coordinator of Security Planning for the
429:Coordinator of Security Planning for the
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967:
911:National Academy of Sciences controversy
745:
4928:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2140:Professional and academic associations
1830:
1783:
1768:
1544:Haruna, Mohammed (September 26, 2001).
1403:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1398:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H"
14:
5218:
2370:American Political Science Association
1917:Simon, Herbert A. (December 1, 1988).
1737:
1652:
1543:
1234:
687:American Political Science Association
590:Huntington served as an instructor at
3326:
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2278:Political Order in Changing Societies
2227:
1916:
1750:from the original on October 20, 2023
1489:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1247:
999:Political Order in Changing Societies
656:Political Order in Changing Societies
650:Political Order in Changing Societies
643:Political Order in Changing Societies
546:Political Order in Changing Societies
518:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
496:, where he began teaching at age 23.
468:. He graduated with distinction from
410:, where he was director of Harvard's
291:Political Order in Changing Societies
1738:Boffey, Philip M. (April 29, 1987).
1707:
1481:"From the Director: September, 2015"
1425:. News.harvard.edu. February 5, 2009
1390:
1299:
903:, Switzerland, where leaders of the
691:played a modest role in this process
689:, commenting that political science
616:
557:countries. He also was co-author of
5038:The End of History and the Last Man
4948:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1478:
24:
5266:American people of English descent
5256:21st-century American male writers
5251:20th-century American male writers
2008:
1831:Koblitz, Neal (December 1, 1988).
1784:Koblitz, Neal (December 1, 1988).
1248:Lewin, Tamar (December 28, 2008).
533:Huntington's first major book was
514:Institute of War and Peace Studies
499:
25:
5387:
5301:Theorists on Western civilization
5281:American male non-fiction writers
5236:20th-century political scientists
2581:Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929–1930)
2028:
1479:Art, Robert (September 1, 2015).
977:80, 5 (May 1954): pages 483–493.
704:
676:Institutional Revolutionary Party
5261:American people of Dutch descent
5008:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2638:Charles Grove Haines (1938–1939)
919:. The nomination was opposed by
597:
412:Center for International Affairs
3815:Family as a model for the state
2825:C. Herman Pritchett (1963–1964)
2400:Frederick N. Judson (1906–1907)
2077:"Interview with Sam Huntington"
1957:
1910:
1871:
1824:
1777:
1762:
1731:
1701:
1685:
1629:
1616:
1600:
1587:
1572:
1558:
1537:
1509:
1495:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1437:
1415:
579:– invited Huntington to become
543:. He became prominent with his
480:, Virginia. He then earned his
118:
5165:Separation of church and state
5063:Collectivism and individualism
5018:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2812:Charles S. Hyneman (1961–1962)
2625:Thomas Reed Powell (1936–1937)
1970:The Mathematical Intelligencer
1923:The Mathematical Intelligencer
1884:The Mathematical Intelligencer
1837:The Mathematical Intelligencer
1790:The Mathematical Intelligencer
1372:
1346:
1330:
1308:
1269:
1201:
1184:
1152:International relations theory
658:, which was a critique of the
13:
1:
5341:Stuyvesant High School alumni
5321:Phillips family (New England)
5271:American political scientists
5205:Category:Political philosophy
5078:Critique of political economy
3219:G. Bingham Powell (2011–2012)
2664:Robert E. Cushman (1942–1943)
2607:Walter J. Shepard (1933–1934)
2158:Political Science Association
1624:Testing Huntington in Ukraine
1505:– via Internet Archive.
1177:
1081:(2004), based on the article
723:third wave of democratization
567:in 1976. In 1977, his friend
5346:University of Chicago alumni
5103:Institutional discrimination
5098:History of political thought
3830:Negative and positive rights
2762:Charles McKinley (1954–1955)
2698:Henry R. Spencer (1947–1948)
2643:Robert C. Brooks (1939–1940)
2612:Francis W. Coker (1934–1935)
2196:Ideas Improving World Order
2058:Trilateral Commission report
1386:. London. December 29, 2008.
917:National Academy of Sciences
736:"The Clash of Civilizations"
472:at age 18. He served in the
7:
5371:Writers about globalization
5351:United States Army soldiers
5286:Columbia University faculty
5113:Justification for the state
4898:Two Treatises of Government
2896:Avery Leiserson (1973–1974)
2568:Jesse S. Reeves (1927–1928)
2185:Environment and Development
1568:. contemporarythinkers.org.
1137:Historical institutionalism
1120:
449:civilian-military relations
10:
5392:
5311:Harvard University faculty
5276:American political writers
3783:Bellum omnium contra omnes
3286:Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
3240:Rodney E. Hero (2014–2015)
2891:Robert E. Ward (1972–1973)
2791:R. Taylor Cole (1958–1959)
2776:Elmer Eric Schattschneider
2302:The Clash of Civilizations
1833:"Reply to unclad emperors"
1033:"Democracy's third wave."
957:Mathematical Intelligencer
946:. His supporters included
860:
739:
710:
647:
627:
423:presidency of Jimmy Carter
400:Samuel Phillips Huntington
58:Samuel Phillips Huntington
5306:Harvard University alumni
5200:
5050:
4819:
4467:
4200:
4080:
3999:
3911:
3902:
3768:
3602:
3531:
3360:
3123:
2912:
2722:
2544:
2510:William Archibald Dunning
2376:
2320:
2270:The Soldier and the State
2261:
2212:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2164:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
1671:10.1017/S1537592705460259
1198:), Kwart Hist Nauki Tech.
1037:2.2 (1991): pages 12–34.
950:, a 1978 laureate of the
845:but far less bloody than
695:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
630:The Soldier and the State
623:The Soldier and the State
585:National Security Council
575:in the administration of
573:National Security Adviser
571:– who had been appointed
563:, a report issued by the
524:co-founded and co-edited
431:National Security Council
393:
389:
336:
318:forced draft urbanization
305:
285:
234:
220:
206:
201:
187:
174:
141:
136:
132:
128:
105:
95:
76:
53:
41:
34:
4988:The Revolt of the Masses
2631:Clarence Addison Dykstra
2054:August 21, 2019, at the
1659:Perspectives on Politics
1653:Segura, Gary M. (2005).
1452:Michael C. Desch. 2001.
1196:English summary @ PubMed
1132:Civil-military relations
1070:8.4 (1997): pages 3–12.
1014:and Joji Watanuki (1976)
879:
867:Huntington's last book,
727:University of Louisville
541:civil-military relations
520:in 1965. Huntington and
459:Early life and education
5376:John M. Olin Foundation
4968:The Communist Manifesto
3894:Tyranny of the majority
3805:Consent of the governed
2886:Heinz Eulau (1971–1972)
2602:Isidor Loeb (1932–1933)
2518:Harry Augustus Garfield
2286:The Crisis of Democracy
2048:The Crisis of Democracy
1966:"Letters to the editor"
1341:by Ancestry.com website
1277:"Open Syllabus Project"
756:international relations
215:International relations
3845:
3795:Clash of civilizations
3781:
3156:Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
2818:Carl Joachim Friedrich
2534:Charles Edward Merriam
2040:April 2, 2016, at the
1717:. New York: Springer.
1692:Davos man's death wish
1467:The Tocqueville Review
1127:Clash of civilizations
1084:The Hispanic Challenge
1044:April 3, 2018, at the
962:Letters to the Editors
851:
843:that of Czechoslovakia
796:
773:" thesis advocated by
751:
742:Clash of Civilizations
438:Clash of Civilizations
313:Clash of civilizations
3810:Divine right of kings
2969:Seymour Martin Lipset
2921:James MacGregor Burns
2677:John Gaus (1944–1945)
2595:William F. Willoughby
2385:Frank Johnson Goodnow
1746:. section A, page 1.
1595:Richard E. Rubenstein
1218:10.1057/9781137483584
968:Selected publications
838:
798:Le Monde Diplomatique
749:
740:Further information:
565:Trilateral Commission
522:Warren Demian Manshel
486:University of Chicago
466:John Sanborn Phillips
453:Open Syllabus Project
425:, Huntington was the
155:University of Chicago
90:, Massachusetts, U.S.
5331:Revolution theorists
4958:Democracy in America
4337:political philosophy
4320:political philosophy
4135:political philosophy
3964:political philosophy
3874:Separation of powers
3835:Night-watchman state
3820:Monopoly on violence
3354:Political philosophy
3196:Peter J. Katzenstein
3009:Samuel P. Huntington
2747:E. Pendleton Herring
2587:Edward Samuel Corwin
2526:James Wilford Garner
2446:Westel W. Willoughby
2438:Albert Bushnell Hart
2255:Samuel P. Huntington
1639:. September 4, 2019.
1626:". European Tribune.
1533:on December 2, 2013.
1172:Western civilization
1162:New institutionalism
1157:Modernization theory
1142:Historical sociology
1104:Lawrence E. Harrison
1068:Journal of democracy
1035:Journal of democracy
897:World Economic Forum
792:Western Christianity
488:, and completed his
36:Samuel P. Huntington
5366:Yale College alumni
5148:Right-wing politics
5028:A Theory of Justice
4998:The Road to Serfdom
4918:The Social Contract
3625:Christian democracy
3246:Jennifer Hochschild
3188:Dianne Pinderhughes
2961:Charles E. Lindblom
2494:Paul Samuel Reinsch
2183:World Commission on
2106:The Washington Post
1613:, December 27, 2008
1167:Political geography
1147:Intermediate Region
1022:Zbigniew Brzezinski
510:Columbia University
506:Zbigniew Brzezinski
404:political scientist
247:Stephen Peter Rosen
229:Columbia University
192:Zbigniew Brzezinski
137:Academic background
71:New York City, U.S.
5326:Political realists
5160:Political violence
5155:Political theology
5138:Left-wing politics
5133:Political spectrum
2797:Carl Brent Swisher
2618:Arthur N. Holcombe
2454:John Bassett Moore
2414:A. Lawrence Lowell
2368:Presidents of the
1982:10.1007/BF03023736
1935:10.1007/BF03023844
1896:10.1007/BF03028350
1849:10.1007/BF03023845
1802:10.1007/BF03023843
1744:The New York Times
1611:The New York Times
1255:The New York Times
1091:, March/April 2004
940:The New York Times
847:that of Yugoslavia
752:
494:Harvard University
408:Harvard University
225:Harvard University
164:Harvard University
48:Huntington in 2004
5213:
5212:
5123:Philosophy of law
5068:Conflict theories
4908:The Spirit of Law
4815:
4814:
3864:Original position
3320:
3319:
2430:Simeon E. Baldwin
2335:
2334:
2222:
2221:
2213:Succeeded by
2165:Succeeded by
2154:President of the
2130:Succeeded by
2115:Academic offices
1724:978-0-387-94861-4
1698:, 3 February 2006
1360:on April 30, 2008
1227:978-1-137-48358-4
873:national identity
717:In his 1991 book
617:Notable arguments
611:Martha's Vineyard
397:
396:
235:Doctoral students
211:Political science
88:Martha's Vineyard
80:December 24, 2008
16:(Redirected from
5383:
5128:Political ethics
5118:Machiavellianism
5058:Authoritarianism
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4993:
4983:
4973:
4963:
4953:
4943:
4933:
4923:
4913:
4903:
4893:
4883:
4873:
4863:
4853:
4843:
4833:
3909:
3908:
3850:
3786:
3776:Balance of power
3750:Social democracy
3745:Social Darwinism
3720:Multiculturalism
3665:Environmentalism
3640:Communitarianism
3347:
3340:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3278:Paula D. McClain
3273:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3140:Robert D. Putnam
3135:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3097:M. Kent Jennings
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3065:Charles O. Jones
3060:
3052:
3044:
3041:Theodore J. Lowi
3036:
3033:Judith N. Shklar
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2977:William H. Riker
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2905:
2902:J. Austin Ranney
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2731:Peter H. Odegard
2715:
2712:James K. Pollock
2707:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2670:Leonard D. White
2665:
2660:
2657:William Anderson
2652:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2577:
2569:
2564:
2561:William B. Munro
2556:
2553:Charles A. Beard
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2502:Leo Stanton Rowe
2497:
2489:
2486:Henry Jones Ford
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2192:Grawemeyer Award
2180:Preceded by
2145:Preceded by
2112:
2111:
2014:Meaney, Thomas.
2002:
2001:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1771:The New Republic
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1705:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:. Archived from
1523:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1205:
1199:
1188:
948:Herbert A. Simon
944:The New Republic
823:Sept. 11 attacks
801:
775:Francis Fukuyama
730:Grawemeyer Award
377:
359:John Mearsheimer
344:Francis Fukuyama
323:Great Divergence
277:Francis Fukuyama
122:
120:
83:
67:
65:
46:
32:
31:
21:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5336:Schuyler family
5216:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5196:
5185:Totalitarianism
5046:
5041:
5031:
5021:
5011:
5001:
4991:
4981:
4971:
4961:
4951:
4941:
4931:
4921:
4911:
4901:
4891:
4881:
4871:
4861:
4858:Treatise on Law
4851:
4841:
4831:
4811:
4469:
4463:
4202:
4196:
4082:
4076:
3995:
3898:
3884:State of nature
3879:Social contract
3859:Ordered liberty
3847:Noblesse oblige
3764:
3598:
3527:
3356:
3351:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3262:Kathleen Thelen
3260:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3225:Jane Mansbridge
3223:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3049:James Q. Wilson
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
3001:Aaron Wildavsky
2999:
2991:
2985:Philip Converse
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2805:Emmette Redford
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2768:Harold Lasswell
2766:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2691:Arthur MacMahon
2689:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2649:Frederic A. Ogg
2647:
2642:
2637:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2574:John A. Fairlie
2572:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2336:
2331:
2316:
2257:
2252:
2218:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2148:Aaron Wildavsky
2135:
2108:, July 18, 2017
2056:Wayback Machine
2042:Wayback Machine
2031:
2011:
2009:Further reading
2006:
2005:
1962:
1958:
1915:
1911:
1876:
1872:
1829:
1825:
1782:
1778:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1485:MIT Seminar XXI
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1318:. Mindef.gov.sg
1314:
1313:
1309:
1298:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1246:
1235:
1228:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1123:
1114:Peter L. Berger
1046:Wayback Machine
970:
913:
890:, referring to
882:
865:
859:
857:and immigration
834:eastern Ukraine
830:western Ukraine
761:Foreign Affairs
744:
738:
732:for this book.
715:
709:
652:
646:
632:
626:
619:
604:Adlai Stevenson
600:
592:MIT Seminar XXI
502:
500:Academic career
482:master's degree
470:Yale University
461:
445:new world order
385:
371:
369:Amos Perlmutter
332:
328:political decay
295:
281:
262:Aaron Friedberg
227:
213:
196:Feliks Koneczny
194:
162:
153:
146:Yale University
124:
121: 1957)
116:
112:
96:Political party
91:
85:
81:
72:
69:
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5361:Woolsey family
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5296:Geopoliticians
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5175:Social justice
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5083:Egalitarianism
5080:
5075:
5073:Contractualism
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5024:
5014:
5004:
4994:
4984:
4974:
4964:
4954:
4944:
4934:
4924:
4914:
4904:
4894:
4884:
4874:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4834:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Overton window
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:Libertarianism
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3312:(2023–present)
3310:Mark E. Warren
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3212:Carole Pateman
3208:
3204:Henry E. Brady
3200:
3192:
3184:
3180:Robert Axelrod
3176:
3172:Ira Katznelson
3168:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:Robert Keohane
3109:
3105:Matthew Holden
3101:
3093:
3085:
3081:Arend Lijphart
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:Robert E. Lane
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2847:Robert A. Dahl
2843:
2839:Gabriel Almond
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2683:Walter F. Dodd
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2422:Woodrow Wilson
2418:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2327:Foreign Policy
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2216:Donald Akenson
2214:
2211:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2093:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2044:
2030:
2029:External links
2027:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1956:
1909:
1870:
1823:
1776:
1761:
1730:
1723:
1700:
1684:
1665:(3): 640–642.
1642:
1628:
1615:
1599:
1586:
1579:Peter Harrison
1571:
1557:
1536:
1518:
1508:
1494:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1436:
1414:
1389:
1371:
1345:
1329:
1307:
1302:Bloomberg News
1289:
1268:
1233:
1226:
1200:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1093:
1092:
1089:Foreign Policy
1074:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1015:
1012:Michel Crozier
1003:
995:
989:
981:
969:
966:
929:pseudo-science
912:
909:
905:global economy
881:
878:
861:Main article:
858:
852:
818:New York Times
813:Arnold Toynbee
771:End of History
737:
734:
711:Main article:
708:
706:The Third Wave
703:
699:Workers' Party
648:Main article:
645:
640:
628:Main article:
625:
620:
618:
615:
599:
596:
527:Foreign Policy
501:
498:
460:
457:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
338:
334:
333:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
309:
307:
303:
302:
287:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
272:Eliot A. Cohen
269:
264:
259:
254:
252:Joel S. Migdal
249:
244:
242:Fareed Zakaria
238:
236:
232:
231:
222:
218:
217:
208:
204:
203:
199:
198:
189:
185:
184:
178:
172:
171:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
114:
111:Nancy Arkelyan
110:
109:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:(aged 81)
78:
74:
73:
70:
68:April 18, 1927
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Jurisprudence
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4938:Rights of Man
4935:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:De re publica
4845:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:20th and 21st
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:18th and 19th
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Nizam al-Mulk
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Republicanism
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3294:John Ishiyama
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:David A. Lake
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:Margaret Levi
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3148:Theda Skocpol
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:Robert Jervis
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Elinor Ostrom
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:Lucius Barker
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:Kenneth Waltz
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:Richard Fenno
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:Warren Miller
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:Merle Fainsod
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2784:V. O. Key Jr.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:Luther Gulick
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:Quincy Wright
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2168:Kenneth Waltz
2160:
2159:
2149:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2102:Carlos Lozada
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1469:. 17(1): 159.
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1278:
1272:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
971:
965:
963:
959:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
892:global elites
889:
888:
877:
874:
870:
864:
856:
850:
848:
844:
837:
835:
832:and Orthodox
831:
826:
824:
820:
819:
814:
810:
805:
800:
799:
793:
788:
785:
784:
778:
776:
772:
768:
763:
762:
757:
748:
743:
733:
731:
728:
724:
720:
714:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
677:
672:
667:
663:
661:
660:modernization
657:
651:
644:
639:
637:
631:
624:
614:
612:
607:
605:
598:Personal life
595:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
551:modernization
548:
547:
542:
538:
537:
531:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
456:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
392:
388:
382:
379:
375:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
335:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
308:
306:Notable ideas
304:
300:
299:
293:
292:
288:
286:Notable works
284:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
233:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:Academic work
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:
140:
135:
131:
127:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
89:
79:
75:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
5189:
5088:Elite theory
5036:
5026:
5016:
5006:
4996:
4986:
4976:
4966:
4956:
4946:
4936:
4926:
4916:
4906:
4896:
4886:
4876:
4866:
4856:
4846:
4836:
4826:
4606:
4125:Guicciardini
4081:Early modern
3904:Philosophers
3854:Open society
3790:Body politic
3660:Distributism
3650:Conservatism
3645:Confucianism
3564:Gerontocracy
3554:Dictatorship
3508:Sovereignty
3498:Ruling class
3388:Emancipation
3373:Citizenship
3270:Rogers Smith
3233:John Aldrich
3124:2000–present
3073:Sidney Verba
3008:
2945:Leon Epstein
2871:Karl Deutsch
2863:David Easton
2831:David Truman
2755:Ralph Bunche
2478:Munroe Smith
2462:Ernst Freund
2330:(co-founder)
2325:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2254:
2204:John B. Cobb
2202:
2199:1992
2190:
2153:
2125:
2120:
2105:
2096:
2080:
2047:
2021:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1929:(1): 11–14.
1926:
1922:
1912:
1890:(2): 10–12.
1887:
1883:
1873:
1843:(1): 14–16.
1840:
1836:
1826:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1743:
1733:
1713:
1703:
1696:The Guardian
1695:
1687:
1662:
1658:
1631:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1589:
1574:
1560:
1551:
1539:
1531:the original
1521:
1511:
1497:
1484:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1392:
1383:
1374:
1364:December 27,
1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1348:
1337:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1310:
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1253:
1209:
1203:
1186:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1050:
1034:
1027:
1017:
1005:
997:
991:
983:
974:
961:
955:
943:
939:
937:
932:
925:Neal Koblitz
914:
885:
883:
868:
866:
854:
839:
827:
816:
803:
789:
781:
779:
759:
753:
718:
716:
705:
690:
684:
680:
668:
664:
655:
653:
642:
635:
633:
622:
608:
601:
589:
577:Jimmy Carter
558:
544:
534:
532:
525:
503:
462:
435:
420:
399:
398:
296:
289:
267:Peter Feaver
221:Institutions
183: (1951)
180:
82:(2008-12-24)
29:
5231:2008 deaths
5226:1927 births
4962:(1835–1840)
4842:(c. 350 BC)
4832:(c. 375 BC)
4449:Tocqueville
4414:Saint-Simon
4379:Montesquieu
4230:Bolingbroke
4162:Machiavelli
4042:Ibn Khaldun
4007:Alpharabius
4000:Middle Ages
3825:Natural law
3800:Common good
3725:Nationalism
3685:Imperialism
3655:Corporatism
3630:Colonialism
3610:Agrarianism
3589:Technocracy
3569:Meritocracy
3549:Bureaucracy
3539:Aristocracy
3304:(2022–2023)
3302:Lisa Martin
3296:(2021–2022)
3288:(2020–2021)
3280:(2019–2020)
3272:(2018–2019)
3264:(2017–2018)
3256:(2016–2017)
3248:(2015–2016)
3235:(2013–2014)
3227:(2012–2013)
3214:(2010–2011)
3206:(2009–2010)
3198:(2008–2009)
3190:(2007–2008)
3182:(2006–2007)
3174:(2005–2006)
3166:(2004–2005)
3158:(2003–2004)
3150:(2002–2003)
3142:(2001–2002)
3134:(2000–2001)
3115:(1999–2000)
3107:(1998–1999)
3099:(1997–1998)
3091:(1996–1997)
3083:(1995–1996)
3075:(1994–1995)
3067:(1993–1994)
3059:(1992–1993)
3051:(1991–1992)
3043:(1990–1991)
3035:(1989–1990)
3027:(1988–1989)
3019:(1987–1988)
3011:(1986–1987)
3003:(1985–1986)
2995:(1984–1985)
2987:(1983–1984)
2979:(1982–1983)
2971:(1981–1982)
2963:(1980–1981)
2955:(1979–1980)
2947:(1978–1979)
2939:(1977–1978)
2937:John Wahlke
2931:(1976–1977)
2929:Samuel Beer
2923:(1975–1976)
2904:(1974–1975)
2881:(1970–1971)
2873:(1969–1970)
2865:(1968–1969)
2857:(1967–1968)
2849:(1966–1967)
2841:(1965–1966)
2833:(1964–1965)
2820:(1962–1963)
2807:(1960–1961)
2799:(1959–1960)
2786:(1957–1958)
2778:(1956–1957)
2770:(1955–1956)
2757:(1953–1954)
2749:(1952–1953)
2741:(1951–1952)
2733:(1950–1951)
2714:(1949–1950)
2706:(1948–1949)
2693:(1946–1947)
2685:(1945–1946)
2672:(1943–1944)
2659:(1941–1942)
2651:(1940–1941)
2633:(1937–1938)
2620:(1935–1936)
2597:(1931–1932)
2589:(1930–1931)
2576:(1928–1929)
2563:(1926–1927)
2555:(1925–1926)
2536:(1924–1925)
2528:(1923–1924)
2520:(1922–1923)
2512:(1921–1922)
2504:(1920–1921)
2496:(1919–1920)
2488:(1918–1919)
2480:(1916–1918)
2472:(1915–1916)
2464:(1914–1915)
2456:(1913–1914)
2448:(1912–1913)
2440:(1911–1912)
2432:(1910–1911)
2424:(1909–1910)
2416:(1908–1909)
2408:(1907–1908)
2406:James Bryce
2395:(1905–1906)
2393:Albert Shaw
2387:(1903–1905)
2208:Herman Daly
2091:James Kurth
2073:Thoughtcast
2062:Appearances
1796:(1): 4–10.
1754:October 20,
1709:Lang, Serge
1552:Daily Trust
1282:November 5,
1190:Biliński P.
1095:As editor:
975:Proceedings
767:geopolitics
581:White House
555:decolonized
478:Fort Eustis
427:White House
421:During the
381:Wang Huning
372: [
364:Nawaf Obaid
354:James Kurth
349:Kris Kobach
257:Scott Sagan
5220:Categories
5170:Separatism
4978:On Liberty
4878:The Prince
4607:Huntington
4110:Campanella
4037:al-Ghazali
3986:Thucydides
3944:Lactantius
3889:Statolatry
3715:Monarchism
3695:Liberalism
3620:Capitalism
3603:Ideologies
3584:Plutocracy
3532:Government
3488:Revolution
3473:Propaganda
3423:Legitimacy
3398:Government
3025:Lucian Pye
2470:Jesse Macy
2162:1986–1987
2121:New office
1976:(4): 3–6.
1714:Challenges
1429:August 17,
1322:August 17,
1178:References
933:Challenges
921:Serge Lang
855:Who Are We
569:Brzezinski
337:Influenced
207:Discipline
188:Influences
100:Democratic
64:1927-04-18
18:Renewalism
4888:Leviathan
4868:Monarchia
4862:(c. 1274)
4697:Oakeshott
4642:Mansfield
4637:Luxemburg
4622:Kropotkin
4517:Bernstein
4470:centuries
4384:Nietzsche
4327:Jefferson
4255:Condorcet
4203:centuries
4182:Pufendorf
4047:Marsilius
3934:Confucius
3919:Aristotle
3912:Antiquity
3840:Noble lie
3760:Third Way
3755:Socialism
3680:Feudalism
3635:Communism
3615:Anarchism
3594:Theocracy
3579:Oligarchy
3559:Democracy
3544:Autocracy
3458:Pluralism
3443:Obedience
3408:Hierarchy
3368:Authority
2913:1975–2000
2723:1950–1975
2545:1925–1950
2377:1903–1925
2133:Gary King
1998:189886367
1990:0343-6993
1951:123171596
1943:0343-6993
1904:0343-6993
1880:"Opinion"
1865:123030288
1857:0343-6993
1818:121312716
1810:0343-6993
1679:143248422
1407:April 22,
1384:The Times
887:Davos Man
484:from the
474:U.S. Army
142:Education
5143:Centrism
4838:Politics
4828:Republic
4797:Voegelin
4777:Spengler
4762:Shariati
4737:Rothbard
4692:Nussbaum
4592:Habermas
4567:Fukuyama
4557:Foucault
4482:Ambedkar
4459:Voltaire
4429:de Staël
4404:Rousseau
4285:Franklin
4260:Constant
4220:Beccaria
4052:Muhammad
4032:Gelasius
4017:Averroes
3991:Xenophon
3971:Polybius
3924:Chanakya
3769:Concepts
3735:Populism
3705:Localism
3690:Islamism
3675:Feminism
3574:Monarchy
3478:Property
3468:Progress
3433:Monopoly
3403:Hegemony
2156:American
2083:Magazine
2081:Islamica
2052:Archived
2038:Archived
1748:Archived
1711:(1999).
1121:See also
1042:Archived
964:column.
442:Cold War
414:and the
5180:Statism
5093:Elitism
5051:Related
4852:(51 BC)
4782:Strauss
4757:Scruton
4752:Schmitt
4742:Russell
4662:Michels
4657:Maurras
4652:Marcuse
4612:Kautsky
4582:Gramsci
4577:Gentile
4547:Dworkin
4537:Du Bois
4532:Dmowski
4527:Chomsky
4522:Burnham
4507:Benoist
4477:Agamben
4444:Thoreau
4434:Stirner
4424:Spencer
4369:Mazzini
4359:Maistre
4354:Madison
4349:Le Play
4280:Fourier
4245:Carlyle
4225:Bentham
4215:Bastiat
4210:Bakunin
4187:Spinoza
4177:Müntzer
4147:Leibniz
4120:Grotius
4100:Bossuet
4067:Plethon
4012:Aquinas
3981:Sun Tzu
3949:Mencius
3939:Han Fei
3710:Marxism
3670:Fascism
3503:Society
3428:Liberty
3413:Justice
3393:Freedom
2321:Related
2175:Awards
1261:June 9,
809:realist
802:) call
123:
115:
5042:(1992)
5032:(1971)
5022:(1951)
5012:(1945)
5002:(1944)
4992:(1929)
4982:(1859)
4972:(1848)
4952:(1820)
4942:(1791)
4932:(1790)
4922:(1762)
4912:(1748)
4902:(1689)
4892:(1651)
4882:(1532)
4872:(1313)
4802:Walzer
4792:Taylor
4747:Sartre
4712:Popper
4707:Pareto
4702:Ortega
4687:Nozick
4677:Mouffe
4627:Laclau
4587:Guénon
4572:Gandhi
4512:Berlin
4502:Bauman
4497:Badiou
4487:Arendt
4454:Tucker
4344:Le Bon
4305:Herder
4295:Haller
4290:Godwin
4275:Fichte
4270:Engels
4265:Cortés
4235:Bonald
4192:Suárez
4167:Milton
4157:Luther
4130:Hobbes
4115:Filmer
4105:Calvin
4090:Boétie
4083:period
4062:Ockham
3929:Cicero
3730:Nazism
3518:Utopia
3493:Rights
3483:Regime
3453:People
3438:Nation
2313:(2004)
2305:(1996)
2297:(1991)
2289:(1976)
2281:(1968)
2273:(1957)
2201:With:
2066:C-SPAN
1996:
1988:
1949:
1941:
1902:
1863:
1855:
1816:
1808:
1721:
1677:
1224:
1116:(2002)
1106:(2000)
1072:online
1063:(1996)
1055:(1991)
1039:online
1030:(1981)
1024:(1977)
1002:(1968)
994:(1961)
988:(1957)
979:online
907:meet.
671:Medici
301:(1996)
294:(1968)
176:Thesis
106:Spouse
5191:Index
4820:Works
4807:Weber
4772:Spann
4767:Sorel
4732:Röpke
4727:Rawls
4682:Negri
4672:Mosca
4667:Mises
4632:Lenin
4602:Hoppe
4597:Hayek
4562:Fromm
4552:Evola
4542:Dugin
4439:Taine
4419:Smith
4399:Renan
4394:Paine
4315:Iqbal
4300:Hegel
4250:Comte
4240:Burke
4152:Locke
4142:James
4095:Bodin
4027:Dante
4022:Bruni
3976:Shang
3959:Plato
3513:State
3463:Power
3448:Peace
3383:Elite
3361:Terms
2262:Works
1994:S2CID
1947:S2CID
1861:S2CID
1814:S2CID
1675:S2CID
1516:28–29
1401:(PDF)
1339:Fold3
1112:with
1102:with
1020:with
1010:with
901:Davos
880:Other
376:]
117:(
113:
4722:Rand
4717:Qutb
4617:Kirk
4492:Aron
4409:Sade
4389:Owen
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