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2120:, "the grandest palace of this period", started in 1530. The impression of grandness lies in part in its sheer size, (56 m long by 29.5 meters high) and in its lofty location overlooking a broad piazza. Unusually for such a large and luxurious house of the time, it was built principally of stuccoed brick, rather than of stone. Against the smooth pink-washed walls the stone quoins of the corners, the massive rusticated portal and the repetition of finely detailed windows produce an elegant effect. The upper of the three equally sized floors was added by Michelangelo. The travertine for its architectural details came not from a quarry, but from the
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1925:, the most revered building in the city. The decoration, being mainly polychrome marble, is mostly very flat in nature, but a sort of order is established by the regular compartments and the circular motifs which repeat the shape of the round window. For the first time, Alberti linked the lower roofs of the aisles to nave using two large scrolls. These were to become a standard Renaissance device for solving the problem of different roof heights and bridge the space between horizontal and vertical surfaces.
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recessed arch which makes a huge portico before the main door. The size of this arch is in direct contrast to the two low square-topped openings that frame it. The light and shade play dramatically over the surface of the building because of the shallowness of its mouldings and the depth of its porch. In the interior
Alberti has dispensed with the traditional nave and aisles. Instead there is a slow and majestic progression of alternating tall arches and low square doorways, repeating the "
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2363:. The dome, as built, has a much steeper projection than the dome of the model. It is generally presumed that it was della Porta who made this change to the design, to lessen the outward thrust. But, in fact it is unknown who it was that made this change, and it is equally possible and a stylistic likelihood that the person who decided upon the more dynamic outline was Michelangelo himself at some time during the years that he supervised the project.
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aware that a dome of enormous proportion could in fact be engineered without a keystone. The dome in
Florence is supported by the eight large ribs and sixteen more internal ones holding a brick shell, with the bricks arranged in a herringbone manner. Although the techniques employed are different, in practice, both domes comprise a thick network of ribs supporting very much lighter and thinner infilling. And both have a large opening at the top.
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1769:. Each has a modular plan, each portion being a multiple of the square bay of the aisle. This same formula controlled also the vertical dimensions. In the case of Santo Spirito, which is entirely regular in plan, transepts and chancel are identical, while the nave is an extended version of these. In 1434 Brunelleschi designed the first Renaissance centrally planned building,
3467:, finished in 1564. The style is sometimes called the Flemish-Italian Renaissance style and is also known as the Floris style. In this style the overall structure was similar to that of late-Gothic buildings, but with larger windows and much florid decoration and detailing in the Renaissance styles. This style became widely influential across Northern Europe, for example in
1183:, renowned for his expertise at fortification. The design incorporates much of the earlier medieval building and includes an unusual turreted three-storeyed façade. Laurana was assisted by Francesco di Giorgio Martini. Later parts of the building are clearly Florentine in style, particularly the inner courtyard, but it is not known who the designer was.
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classical details than others, but there was also a good deal of innovation in solving problems, especially at corners. Mouldings stand out around doors and windows rather than being recessed, as in Gothic architecture. Sculptured figures may be set in niches or placed on plinths. They are not integral to the building as in
Medieval architecture.
4320:. Whereas the Gothic style was perceived by architectural theorists as being the most appropriate style for Church building, the Renaissance palazzo was a good model for urban secular buildings requiring an appearance of dignity and reliability such as banks, gentlemen's clubs and apartment blocks. Buildings that sought to impress, such as the
3956:'s seizure of power and the onset of the Protestant reformation, church construction and aristocratic building projects came to a near standstill. During this time period, several magnificent so-called "Vasa castles" appeared. They were erected at strategic locations to control the country as well as to accommodate the travelling royal court.
4054:) combined freely. As decades passed, the Gothic influence disappeared and the research of an orthodox classicism reached high levels. Although Plateresco is a commonly used term to define most of the architectural production of the late 15th and first half of 16th century, some architects acquired a more sober personal style, like
3028:, who respected the mode of construction and the plan of the former architect, but continued the work which includes the upper windows, the vaults and the dome, in the Renaissance style. The combination of a high barrel vault with lower half-barrel vaults over the aisles the gives the façade its distinctive
2304:(1475–1564) was one of the creative giants whose achievements mark the High Renaissance. He excelled in each of the fields of painting, sculpture and architecture, and his achievements brought about significant changes in each area. His architectural fame lies chiefly in two buildings: the interiors of the
2620:, or conversely, the adoption of Renaissance structural forms in the broadest sense with an absence of the formulae that governed their use. While the English were just discovering what the rules of Classicism were, the Italians were experimenting with methods of breaking them. In England, following the
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in the 14th century but left unroofed. While often described as the first building of the
Renaissance, Brunelleschi's daring design utilises the pointed Gothic arch and Gothic ribs that were apparently planned by Arnolfo. It seems certain, however, that while stylistically Gothic, in keeping with the
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Arches are semi-circular or (in the
Mannerist style) segmental. Arches are often used in arcades, supported on piers or columns with capitals. There may be a section of entablature between the capital and the springing of the arch. Alberti was one of the first to use the arch on a monumental scale at
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Some major ecclesiastical building works were also commissioned, not by the church, but by guilds representing the wealth and power of the city. Brunelleschi's dome at
Florence Cathedral, more than any other building, belonged to the populace because the construction of each of the eight segments was
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In a similar way, in many parts of Europe that had few purely classical and ordered buildings like
Brunelleschi's Santo Spirito and Michelozzo's Medici Riccardi Palace, Baroque architecture appeared almost unheralded, on the heels of a sort of Proto-Renaissance local style. The spread of the Baroque
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Likewise, the style that was to become known as
Baroque evolved in Italy in the early 17th century, at about the time that the first fully Renaissance buildings were constructed at Greenwich and Whitehall in England, after a prolonged period of experimentation with Classical motifs applied to local
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In Italy, there appears to be a seamless progression from Early
Renaissance architecture through the High Renaissance and Mannerism to the Baroque style. Pevsner comments about the vestibule of the Laurentian Library that it "has often been said that the motifs of the walls show Michelangelo as the
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Like
Alberti, della Porta and others, in the designing of a church façade, Palladio was confronted by the problem of visually linking the aisles to the nave while maintaining and defining the structure of the building. Palladio's solution was entirely different from that employed by della Porta. At
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Inside the Pantheon's single-shell concrete dome is coffering which greatly decreases the weight. The vertical partitions of the coffering effectively serve as ribs, although this feature does not dominate visually. At the apex of the Pantheon's dome is an opening, 8 meters across. Brunelleschi was
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Courses, mouldings and all decorative details are carved with great precision. Studying and mastering the details of the ancient Romans was one of the important aspects of Renaissance theory. The different orders each required different sets of details. Some architects were stricter in their use of
2447:–1602), was famous as the architect who made the dome of St. Peter's Basilica a reality. The change in outline between the dome as it appears in the model and the dome as it was built, has brought about speculation as to whether the changes originated with della Porta or with Michelangelo himself.
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Michelangelo takes all Brunelleschi's components and bends them to his will. The Library is upstairs. It is a long low building with an ornate wooden ceiling, a matching floor and crowded with corrals finished by his successors to Michelangelo's design. But it is a light room, the natural lighting
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From the observation of the architecture of Rome came a desire for symmetry and careful proportion in which the form and composition of the building as a whole and all its subsidiary details have fixed relationships, each section in proportion to the next, and the architectural features serving to
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sometimes known as the Early Renaissance, concepts of architectural order were explored and rules were formulated. The study of classical antiquity led in particular to the adoption of Classical detail and ornamentation. Space, as an element of architecture, was used differently than it was in the
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Pevsner and Gardener suggest that Michelangelo began with the idea of a pointed dome, as in Florence, then in his old age reverted to the lower silhouette, and that della Porta stuck to Michelangelo's original concept. Mignacca, on the other hand, suggests that the pointed dome was Michelangelo's
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form. When he used the triumphal arch motif of a large arched opening with lower square-topped opening on either side, he invariably applied it on a small scale, such as windows, rather than on a large scale as Alberti used it at Sant'Andrea's. This Ancient Roman motif is often referred to as the
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The space is crowded and it is to be expected that the wall spaces would be divided by pilasters of low projection. But Michelangelo has chosen to use paired columns, which, instead of standing out boldly from the wall, he has sunk deep into recesses within the wall itself. In the Basilica di San
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was considered timeless and therefore able to express the sacredness. The Renaissance architecture coexisted with the Gothic style in Bohemia and Moravia until the late 16th century (e. g. the residential part of a palace was built in the modern Renaissance style but its chapel was designed with
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running parallel to the street, but as a semi enclosed space, rather than an open loggia. Above this rise three undifferentiated floors, the upper two with identical small horizontal windows in thin flat frames which contrast strangely with the deep porch, which has served, from the time of its
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were analysed and reconstructed to serve new purposes. While the obvious distinguishing features of Classical Roman architecture were adopted by Renaissance architects, the forms and purposes of buildings had changed over time, as had the structure of cities. Among the earliest buildings of the
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Sant'Andrea is an extremely dynamic building both without and within. Its triumphal façade is marked by extreme contrasts. The projection of the order of pilasters that define the architectural elements, but are essentially non-functional, is very shallow. This contrasts with the gaping deeply
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became the chief bankers to the princes of Europe, becoming virtually princes themselves as they did so, by reason of both wealth and influence. Along the trade routes, and thus offered some protection by commercial interest, moved not only goods but also artists, scientists and philosophers.
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of columns in evidence. Instead, Michelozzo has respected the Florentine liking for rusticated stone. He has seemingly created three orders out of the three defined rusticated levels, the whole being surmounted by an enormous Roman-style cornice which juts out over the street by 2.5 meters.
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period, in which they include developments in 14th-century painting and sculpture, this is usually not the case in architectural history. The bleak economic conditions of the late 14th century did not produce buildings that are considered to be part of the Renaissance. As a result, the word
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is solved using Alberti's scrolls, in contrast to Vignola's solution which provided much smaller brackets and four statues to stand above the paired pilasters, visually weighing down the corners of the building. The influence of the design may be seen in Baroque churches throughout Europe.
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As the new style of architecture spread out from Italy, most other European countries developed a sort of Proto-Renaissance style, before the construction of fully formulated Renaissance buildings. Each country in turn then grafted its own architectural traditions to the new style, so that
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refers to as a "flow of lava", and bursts in three directions when it meets the balustrade of the landing. It is an intimidating staircase, made all the more so because the rise of the stairs at the center is steeper than at the two sides, fitting only eight steps into the space of nine.
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The plans of Renaissance buildings have a square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module. Within a church, the module is often the width of an aisle. The need to integrate the design of the plan with the façade was introduced as an issue in the work of
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arch was employed, using a motif of a high semi-circular topped opening flanked with two lower square-topped openings. Windows are used to bring light into the building and in domestic architecture, to give views. Stained glass, although sometimes present, is not a feature.
676:, led to the Baroque style in which the same architectural vocabulary was used for very different rhetoric. Outside Italy, Baroque architecture was more widespread and fully developed than the Renaissance style, with significant buildings as far afield as Mexico and the
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streaming through a long row of windows that appear positively crammed between the order of pilasters that march along the wall. The vestibule, on the other hand, is tall, taller than it is wide and is crowded by a large staircase that pours out of the library in what
1914:. For the palace, Alberti applied the classical orders of columns to the façade on the three levels, 1446–51. At Santa Maria Novella he was commissioned to finish the decoration of the façade. He completed the design in 1456 but the work was not finished until 1470.
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reborn Classicism were the type of churches that the Romans had never constructed. Neither were there models for the type of large city dwellings required by wealthy merchants of the 15th century. Conversely, there was no call for enormous sporting fixtures and
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after 1526 cut short the development of Renaissance architecture in the country and destroyed its most famous examples. Today, the only completely preserved work of Hungarian Renaissance architecture is the Bakócz Chapel (commissioned by the Hungarian cardinal
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to break the strongly horizontal line of the course above the arcade. Michelangelo has borrowed Brunelleschi's motifs and stood each pair of sunken columns on a pair of twin console brackets. Pevsner says the "Laurenziana reveals Mannerism in its most sublime
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and the employment of decorative triangular pediments over doors and windows in which the apex rises much more steeply than in most other Renaissance architecture, but in keeping with the profile of the gable. Carved stone details are often of low profile, in
2674:. The result was that these places began to import the Renaissance style as indicators of their new cultural position. This also meant that it was not until about 1500 and later that signs of Renaissance architectural style began to appear outside Italy.
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and others showed a mastery of the revived style and ability to apply it to buildings such as churches and city palazzo which were quite different from the structures of ancient times. The style became more decorated and ornamental, statuary, domes and
2917:, thus they missed their own ancient classical heritage and had to be dependent on the primarily Italian models. As well as in other Central European countries the Gothic style kept its position especially in the church architecture. The traditional
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The dome is used frequently, both as a very large structural feature that is visible from the exterior, and also as a means of roofing smaller spaces where they are only visible internally. After the success of the dome in Brunelleschi's design for
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before moving to Florence, was for a time the chief architect for St. Peter's, working in conjunction with Antonio Sangallo. He also designed a number of buildings, most of which were finished by others. His single most influential work is the
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was an emphasis of the anatomy of nature, in particular the human form, a science first studied by the Ancient Greeks. Humanism made man the measure of things. Alberti perceived the architect as a person with great social responsibilities.
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in Venice he overlays a tall temple, its columns raised on high plinths, over another low wide temple façade, its columns rising from the basements and its narrow lintel and pilasters appearing behind the giant order of the central nave.
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St. Peter's was "the greatest creation of the Renaissance", and a great number of architects contributed their skills to it. But at its completion, there was more of Michelangelo's design than of any other architect, before or after him.
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spirituality, brought about a surge in the building of churches in Rome such as had not taken place for nearly a thousand years. This commenced in the mid 15th century and gained momentum in the 16th century, reaching its peak in the
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While continuity may be the case in Italy, it was not necessarily the case elsewhere. The adoption of the Renaissance style of architecture was slower in some areas than in others, as may be seen in England, for example. Indeed, as
1026:, it was seen by those of Humanist understanding that those people who had the benefit of wealth and education ought to promote the pursuit of learning and the creation of that which was beautiful. To this end, wealthy families—the
2006:. The new building is almost centrally planned, except that, because of the site, the chancel extends further than the transept arms. The hemispherical dome, of approximately 20 metres across, rises up hidden inside an octagonal
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He designed a number of buildings, but unlike Brunelleschi, he did not see himself as a builder in a practical sense and so left the supervision of the work to others. Miraculously, one of his greatest designs, that of the
1117:. This book was widely printed and responsible to a great degree for spreading the ideas of the Renaissance through Europe. All these books were intended to be read and studied not only by architects, but also by patrons.
3126:(1573–1652), who had studied architecture in Italy where the influence of Palladio was very strong. Jones returned to England full of enthusiasm for the new movement and immediately began to design such buildings as the
1693:. A Gothic pointed arch could be extended upwards or flattened to any proportion that suited the location. Arches of differing angles frequently occurred within the same structure. No set rules of proportion applied.
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usually have square lintels. They may be set with in an arch or surmounted by a triangular or segmental pediment. Openings that do not have doors are usually arched and frequently have a large or decorative keystone.
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Palladio was to transform the architectural style of both palaces and churches by taking a different perspective on the notion of Classicism. While the architects of Florence and Rome looked to structures like the
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did no honour to the city under her patronage. However, as the technology and finance were found to complete it, the rising dome did credit not only to the Virgin Mary, its architect and the Church but also to the
1399:. There is a regular repetition of openings on each floor, and the centrally placed door is marked by a feature such as a balcony, or rusticated surround. An early and much copied prototype was the façade for the
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Polish Renaissance architecture is divided into three periods: The first period (1500–50) is the so-called "Italian" as most of Renaissance buildings of this time were designed by Italian architects, mainly from
842:, Florence gained a seaport, and became the most powerful state in Tuscany. In this commercial climate, one family in particular turned their attention from trade to the lucrative business of money-lending. The
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is an example of an earlier Gothic church which was reconstructed in 1587–89 by the Dutch architect Gert Freze (Joris Phraeze). The prime example of Renaissance architecture in Latvia is the heavily decorated
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Italian architects had always preferred forms that were clearly defined and structural members that expressed their purpose. Many Tuscan Romanesque buildings demonstrate these characteristics, as seen in the
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overlaid on a segmental one above the main door. The upper storey and its pediment give the impression of compressing the lower one. The center section, like that of Sant'Andrea at Mantua, is based on the
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There is a wooden model of the dome, showing its outer shell as hemispherical. When Michelangelo died in 1564, the building had reached the height of the drum. The architect who succeeded Michelangelo was
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The development of printed books, the rediscovery of ancient writings, the expanding of political and trade contacts and the exploration of the world all increased knowledge and the desire for education.
2801:, is the only truly Renaissance building in the country that has survived more or less intact. Significantly for these troubled times, the only other examples are purely military buildings, such as the
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Italy of the 15th century, and the city of Florence in particular, was home to the Renaissance. It is in Florence that the new architectural style had its beginning, not slowly evolving in the way that
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2831:, rebuilt from an earlier Medieval structure into its present Mannerist forms as late as 1619–25 by the architects A. and L. Jansen. It was destroyed during World War II and rebuilt during the 1990s.
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plan and redesigned the piers, the walls and the dome, giving the lower weight-bearing members massive proportions and eliminating the encircling aisles from the chancel and identical transept arms.
1447:. The orders can either be structural, supporting an arcade or architrave, or purely decorative, set against a wall in the form of pilasters. During the Renaissance, architects aimed to use columns,
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window in the end of the nave which had to be taken into account. Alberti simply respected what was already in place, and the Florentine tradition for polychrome that was well established at the
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building it surmounts, the dome is in fact structurally influenced by the great dome of Ancient Rome, which Brunelleschi could hardly have ignored in seeking a solution. This is the dome of the
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In the early 15th century, Brunelleschi began to look at the world to see what the rules were that governed one's way of seeing. He observed that the way one sees regular structures such as the
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by inviting a number of architects from Italy, who brought new construction techniques and some Renaissance style elements with them, while in general following the traditional designs of the
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to emphasize solid and spatial relationships. The Renaissance ideal of harmony gave way to freer and more imaginative rhythms. The best known architect associated with the Mannerist style was
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as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to other Italian cities. The style was carried to other parts of Europe at different dates and with varying degrees of impact.
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The person generally credited with bringing about the Renaissance view of architecture is Filippo Brunelleschi, (1377–1446). The underlying feature of the work of Brunelleschi was "order".
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The Renaissance architecture that found its way to Scandinavia was influenced by the Flemish architecture, and included high gables and a castle air as demonstrated in the architecture of
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architectural and park landscape complex and pilgrimage park, which consists Basilica of St. Mary and 42 chapels modelled and named after the places in Jerusalem and Holy Land. This is an
1100:("General Rules of Architecture"). It is known as Serlio's "Fourth Book" since it was the fourth in Serlio's original plan of a treatise in seven books. In all, five books were published.
2458:. Most characteristics of the original design are maintained, subtly transformed to give more weight to the central section, where della Porta uses, among other motifs, a low triangular
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is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of
4399:, include Baroque as a phase of Renaissance architecture. Because of its extent, diversity and deviation from the Classical it is not included here and is the subject of a main article.
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The buildings remaining among the ruins of ancient Rome appeared to respect a simple mathematical order in the way that Gothic buildings did not. One incontrovertible rule governed all
4324:, were often of a more Mannerist or Baroque style. Architects of factories, office blocks and department stores continued to use the Renaissance palazzo form into the 20th century, in
567:. Space was organised by proportional logic, its form and rhythm subject to geometry, rather than being created by intuition as in Medieval buildings. The prime example of this is the
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Many of the concepts and forms of Renaissance architecture can be traced through subsequent architectural movements—from Renaissance to High-Renaissance, to Mannerism, to Baroque (or
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Renaissance buildings across Europe are diversified by region. Within Italy the evolution of Renaissance architecture into Mannerism, with widely diverging tendencies in the work of
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of the Monarchy in 1660, the architectural climate changed, and taste moved in the direction of the Baroque. Rather than evolving, as it did in Italy, it arrived fully fledged.
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Gothic), few Italian churches show the emphasis on vertical, the clustered shafts, ornate tracery and complex ribbed vaulting that characterise Gothic in other parts of Europe.
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2033:. This small circular temple marks the spot where St Peter was martyred and is thus the most sacred site in Rome. The building adapts the style apparent in the remains of the
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Through humanism, civic pride and the promotion of civil peace and order were seen as the marks of citizenship. This led to the building of structures such as Brunelleschi's
3979:, monumental construction in Norway came to a standstill. There are few examples of Renaissance architecture in Norway, the most prominent being renovations to the medieval
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and texture, and the frequent use of features that seem somewhat disproportionate or out of alignment. The total effect is eerie and disturbing. Ilan Rachum cites Romano as
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extended their power through much of the area that surrounded them, making the movement of artists possible. This enabled Florence to have significant artistic influence in
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of 1509 is a very regular monumental cube of two equal stories, the bays being strongly articulated by orders of pilasters. The building is unusual for its frescoed walls.
712:". The scholarly approach to the architecture of the ancient coincided with the general revival of learning. A number of factors were influential in bringing this about.
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Della Porta spent nearly all his working life in Rome, designing villas, palazzi and churches in the Mannerist style. One of his most famous works is the façade of the
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three years later. These works, with their clean lines, and symmetry were revolutionary in a country still enamoured with mullion windows, crenellations and turrets.
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The Palazzo Medici Riccardi is Classical in the details of its pedimented windows and recessed doors, but, unlike the works of Brunelleschi and Alberti, there are no
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in Milan—gathered around them people of learning and ability, promoting the skills and creating employment for the most talented artists and architects of their day.
2537:, otherwise known as "La Rotonda", a centrally planned house with a domed central hall and four identical façades, each with a temple-like portico like that of the
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played an important role in developing the "Amsterdam Renaissance" style, which has local characteristics including the prevalence of tall narrow town-houses, the
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illustrations demonstrating plans and ornament were very important in spreading Renaissance styles in Northern Europe, with among the most important authors being
2336:. Various changes in plan occurred in the series of architects that succeeded him, but Michelangelo, when he took over the project in 1546, reverted to Bramante's
2037:, the most sacred site of Ancient Rome. It is enclosed by and in spatial contrast with the cloister which surrounds it. As approached from the cloister, as in the
1808:. He went into exile in Venice for a time with his patron. He was one of the first architects to work in the Renaissance style outside Italy, building a palace at
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through which it was clear that while God had established and maintained order in the Universe, it was the role of Man to establish and maintain order in Society.
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in architecture is most applicable to developments in Venice, where there was a more fluid development between medieval and Renaissance styles than in Florence.
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being the architect of the first three floors. Aloisio da Milano, as well as the other Italian architects, also greatly contributed to the construction of the
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which defines every external bay, the whole lot being held together by a wide cornice which runs unbroken like a rippling ribbon around the entire building.
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Antonio da Sangallo also submitted a plan for St Peter's and became the chief architect after the death of Raphael, to be succeeded himself by Michelangelo.
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During the High Renaissance, concepts derived from classical antiquity were developed and used with greater confidence. The most representative architect is
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define exactly what those rules of proportion are. Brunelleschi gained the support of a number of wealthy Florentine patrons, including the Silk Guild and
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Brunelleschi's first major architectural commission was for the enormous brick dome which covers the central space of Florence's cathedral, designed by
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in Rome, brought wealth and importance to that city, as well as a renewal in the importance of the Pope in Italy, which was further strengthened by the
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and its replacement of traditional and more conservative Renaissance architecture was particularly apparent in the building of churches as part of the
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485:(The Buildings of Modern Rome), first published in 1840 by Paul Letarouilly, also played an important part in the revival of interest in this period.
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in Rome. The unusual features of this building are that its façade curves gently around a curving street. It has in its ground floor a dark central
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2857:(destroyed in 1801, a copy built in 2002–2009) show Italian influences. Several architects of Italian origin were active in the country, including
927:, the Guilds and the sectors of the city from which the manpower to construct it was drawn. The dome inspired further religious works in Florence.
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Vaults do not have ribs. They are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan, unlike the Gothic vault which is frequently rectangular. The
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dominated the later 17th and the 18th century in most areas, and persisted well into the 19th century in many places and individual buildings.
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2269:(1499–1546), was a pupil of Raphael, assisting him on various works for the Vatican. Romano was also a highly inventive designer, working for
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In the 15th century the courts of certain other Italian states became centres for spreading of Renaissance philosophy, art and architecture.
605:. He was, however, hardly a slave to the classical forms and it was his style that was to dominate Italian architecture in the 16th century.
1515:(1506) in Rome, the dome became an indispensable element in church architecture and later even for secular architecture, such as Palladio's
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as a model, and produced a design combining traditional Russian style with a Renaissance sense of spaciousness, proportion and symmetry.
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to Florence, ideally located on the river for the production of fine cloth, the industry on which its wealth was founded. By dominating
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Waters, Michael J. 2012. "A Renaissance Without Order Ornament, Single-Sheet Engravings, and the Mutability of Architectural Prints."
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surrounded by a circuit of eight smaller chapels. From this date onwards numerous churches were built in variations of these designs.
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2487:, (1508–80), "the most influential architect of the whole Renaissance", was, as a stonemason, introduced to Humanism by the poet
4042:, because of the extremely decorated façade, that brought to the mind the decorative motifs of the intricately detailed work of
2022:, on which he imposed a central plan scheme and built some apses and the crypt, inspired by the thermal baths of the Roman age.
647:
in his architecture, a large pilaster that stretches from the bottom to the top of a façade. He used this in his design for the
7554:
7407:
3712:–1535) married Renaissance elements to Gothic structures with the superficial application of exuberant ornament similar to the
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and Bohemian king, the city of Prague became one of the most important European centers of the late Renaissance art (so-called
2854:
6409:
2010:
pierced at the upper level with arched classical openings. The whole exterior has delineated details decorated with the local
7505:
6893:
6302:
6058:
5912:
4618:
367:
244:
4647:, 1860 (The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 1860, English translation, by SGC Middlemore, in 2 vols., London, 1878
4351:. The influence of Renaissance architecture can still be seen in many of the modern styles and rules of architecture today.
1341:. The development of the plan in secular architecture was to take place in the 16th century and culminated with the work of
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6789:
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In Spain, Renaissance began to be grafted to Gothic forms in the last decades of the 15th century. The new style is called
3688:
1493:
1109:
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During the Renaissance, architecture became not only a question of practice, but also a matter for theoretical discussion.
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2106:
was one of those who submitted a plan for the rebuilding of St Peter's and was briefly a co-director of the project, with
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in Poland, soon, non-Italians were studying Italian architecture and translating it into their own idiom. These included
1096:(1475 – c. 1554) produced the next important text, the first volume of which appeared in Venice in 1537; it was entitled
3778:
2366:
2347:
Michelangelo's dome was a masterpiece of design using two masonry shells, one within the other and crowned by a massive
2344:
says: "Michelangelo, with a few strokes of the pen, converted its snowflake complexity into a massive, cohesive unity."
2277:(1524–1534), a project which combined his skills as architect, sculptor and painter. In this work, incorporating garden
7815:
7810:
7805:
7027:
6816:
6491:
5825:
4163:
3892:, a building remarkable for the successful blending of Russian tradition, Orthodox requirements and Renaissance style.
2842:
2782:, and did not make a great imprint architecturally. It was a politically tumultuous time, marked by the decline of the
1868:
1859:
1770:
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had negative connotations, but it is now used to describe the historical period in more general non-judgemental terms.
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Windows may be paired and set within a semi-circular arch. They may have square lintels and triangular or segmental
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3922:. Consequently, much of the Neo-Renaissance to be found in the Scandinavian countries is derived from this source.
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a wave of building was carried and many Renaissance châteaux appeared at this time, the earliest example being the
1999:
1333:, but he was never able to carry this aspect of his work into fruition. The first building to demonstrate this was
315:
4189:
1998:
Bramante's finest architectural achievement in Milan is his addition of crossing and choir to the abbey church of
597:(1444–1514), who expanded the applicability of classical architecture to contemporary buildings. His Tempietto di
7747:
7355:
6767:
6243:
5662:"João Pessoa – Convento e Igreja de Santo Antônio e Casa de Oração e Claustro da Ordem Terceira de São Francisco"
3781:(1582–1629), strongly influenced religious architecture in both Portugal and its colonies in the next centuries.
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1952:
becoming very evident. The architectural period is known as the "High Renaissance" and coincides with the age of
1944:
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1917:
The lower section of the building had Gothic niches and typical polychrome marble decoration. There was a large
7795:
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7471:
6995:
6953:
6779:
6705:
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6187:
Koortbojian, Michael. 2011. "Renaissance Spolia and Renaissance Antiquity (One Neighborhood, Three Cases)." In
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and did not entirely supplant the Gothic elements. An architect directly influenced by the Italian masters was
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2838:
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2745:
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1380:. The columns and windows show a progression towards the centre. One of the first true Renaissance façades was
998:
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6162:
Buddensieg, Tilmann. 1976. "Criticism of Ancient Architecture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." In
3632:
gave impetus to the development of Mannerist architecture and Baroque. Most notable example of this period is
3409:
with the new queen. Important remains of the Early Renaissance summer palace of King Matthias can be found in
834:
being centres of overland trade, and maintaining substantial metalworking industries. Trade brought wool from
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The new architectural philosophy of the Renaissance is best demonstrated in the churches of San Lorenzo, and
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Historians often divide the Renaissance in Italy into three phases. Whereas art historians might talk of an
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2002:. This is a brick structure, the form of which owes much to the Northern Italian tradition of square domed
1879:, a rebuilding of a Gothic structure, which, like Sant'Andrea, was to have a façade reminiscent of a Roman
1051:
173:
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The Italian translates literally to "fourteen-hundred" and coincides with the English "fifteenth century".
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Many styles of Late Renaissance and Mannerist architecture transitioned fairly easily in local styles of
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to the French in 1499, Bramante travelled to Rome where he achieved great success under papal patronage.
1855:
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with its elegant colonnade forming a link between the charitable building and the public square, and the
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in the way that was usual in wooden constructions. In 1477 the work was unfinished, and continued under
1531:
ceilings. They are not left open as in Medieval architecture. They are frequently painted or decorated.
1455:
as an integrated system. One of the first buildings to use pilasters as an integrated system was in the
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2164:" type, each set around with ordered pilasters, cornice and alternate arched and triangular pediments.
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In the second period (1550–1600), Renaissance architecture became more common, with the beginnings of
3111:
in geometric designs adorning the walls. The new style tended to manifest itself in large square tall
914:, the impetus for church-building was more civic than spiritual. The unfinished state of the enormous
708:, but consciously brought to being by particular architects who sought to revive the order of a past "
493:, (New York: Harper and Row, 1960) The Renaissance style was recognized by contemporaries in the term
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built between 1587 and 1608 known as the "Sistine Chapel of the Andes" by the Bolivians for its rich
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2455:
2041:, it is seen framed by an arch and columns, the shape of which are echoed in its free-standing form.
2038:
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provided an inspiration to artists at a time when philosophy was also turning towards the Classical.
360:
111:
92:
2937:). Nevertheless, not many architecturally significant buildings have been preserved from that time.
1587:
External walls are generally constructed of brick, rendered, or faced with stone in highly finished
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Reuse Value: Spolia and Appropriation in Art and Architecture, from Constantine to Sherrie Levine.
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had recast church architecture into a Classical mold and established clear formula for the use of
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In Estonia, artistic influences came from Dutch, Swedish and Polish sources. The building of the
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2545:, the projecting portico of the north façade and recessed loggia of the garden façade are of two
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Raiding Saint Peter: Empty Sees, Violence, and the Initiation of the Great Western Schism (1378)
4059:
3933:. Inspired by the French castles of the times, Flemish architects designed masterpieces such as
3177:
967:
The reading of philosophies that were not based on Christian theology led to the development of
483:Édifices de Rome moderne; ou, Recueil des palais, maisons, églises, couvents et autres monuments
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7456:
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5651:. Series Roteiros do Patrimônio, vol. II. Brasília: Iphan / Programa Monumenta, 2010, pp. 11-36
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masonry, laid in straight courses. The corners of buildings are often emphasized by rusticated
1575:
1389:
1384:(1459–62), which has been attributed to the Florentine architect Bernardo Gambarelli (known as
1353:
1338:
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where the collection of books established by the Medici family could be consulted by scholars.
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was selected, and the foundation stone laid. After Bramante's death and many changes of plan,
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One of the earliest places to be influenced by the Renaissance style of architecture was the
3299:
approved a design in the Renaissance style by Wilhelm Vernukken for a two storied loggia for
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1983:, Duke of Milan, for whom he produced a number of buildings over 20 years. After the fall of
1918:
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1801:
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49:
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4261:, one of the oldest cathedrals in the Americas, built between 1562 and 1598 and designed by
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was influenced partly by the occurrence of the plague during the Renaissance era. After the
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in London, a local style of Renaissance architecture emerged in England during the reign of
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1704:
1663:
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7229:
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7165:
7113:
7042:
7010:
6685:
6584:
6579:
6544:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
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6203:
Architecture in the Culture of Early Humanism: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Eloquence 1400–1470.
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of architecture was developed during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of
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Latvian Renaissance architecture was influenced by Polish-Lithuanian and Dutch style, with
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1765:. Designed by Brunelleschi in about 1425 and 1428 respectively, both have the shape of the
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1990:
1193:, was expanded in the late 15th century, with several new palaces being built such as the
8:
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6735:
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5587:
4701:
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4099:
3949:. The Frederiksborg Castle (1602–1620) is the largest Renaissance palace in Scandinavia.
3698:
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3629:
3567:
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3316:
3213:
The Renaissance in Germany was inspired first by German philosophers and artists such as
3192:
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The first great exponent of classicizing Italian Renaissance architecture in England was
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2007:
1911:
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are symmetrical around their vertical axis. Church façades are generally surmounted by a
1276:
1264:, the Veronese architect-sculptor, introduced Renaissance architecture to Padua with the
1067:
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The presence, particularly in Rome, of ancient architectural remains showing the ordered
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151:
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84:
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3414:
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1815:
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7312:
7057:
7000:
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5708:
Andrews, Anthony (1981). "Historical Archaeology in Yucatán: A Preliminary Framework".
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Renaissance architecture spread to Colonial Bolivia, with examples being the Church of
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Gothic elements). The façades of Czech Renaissance buildings were often decorated with
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2418:
2380:
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His fame does not rest upon his association with St Peter's but in his building of the
2025:
In Rome Bramante created what has been described as "a perfect architectural gem", the
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and turned from painting to architecture, finding his first important patronage under
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After some first efforts by kings and courtiers, most now vanished, like Henry VII's
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The plan that was accepted at the laying of the foundation stone in 1506 was that by
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2 vols. Translated by Vaughan Hart and Peter Hicks. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
3214:
2064:, as chief architect, reverted to something closer to Bramante's original proposal.
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Drawing after Architecture: Renaissance Architectural Drawings and their Reception.
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3566:. Renowned architects from Southern Europe became sought-after during the reign of
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supported, as at Florence, on ribs. For the exterior of the building he designed a
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The Architecture of Rome: An Architectural History in 400 Individual Presentations
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final, and brilliant, solution to the apparent visual tension within the building.
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in which the same architectural vocabulary was used for very different rhetoric.
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2019:
1980:
1972:
1603:(1444–1460) in Florence. Internal walls are smoothly plastered and surfaced with
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4124:(1556–1598), and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the
4094:
there was a closer adherence to the art of ancient Rome, sometimes anticipating
3589:
and under the influence of the Netherlands, particularly in northern Poland and
3246:
505:
477:, 1860, was influential in the development of the modern interpretation of the
6963:
6690:
6426:
4804:(first published 1896, current edition 2001, Elsevier Science & Technology
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are known for their fusion of medieval elements with Renaissance architecture.
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thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed
76:
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is a historic house built in 1540, located in Santo Domingo, this preserves a
3717:
3221:
who visited Italy. Important early examples of this period are especially the
3168:, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war
1871:, was brought to completion with its character essentially intact. Not so the
1562:
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is considered by Czechs the purest Renaissance architecture outside of Italy.
2779:
2542:
2379:
Michelangelo was at his most Mannerist in the design of the vestibule of the
1516:
1283:. The most notable examples of Renaissance architecture in that city are the
1257:
1190:
907:, one of Christendom's most significant churches, were part of this process.
2973:
was divided into three states: the northern and central part of Croatia and
2525:
to provide formulae, Palladio looked to classical temples with their simple
1248:
developed a particularly distinctive character because of local conditions.
1086:, a manuscript of which was discovered in 1414 in a library in Switzerland.
850:
7118:
7098:
6973:
6191:
Edited by Richard Brilliant and Dale Kinney, 149–165. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
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4010:
There is little evidence of Renaissance influence in Finnish architecture.
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shape, the first of this type in the region. The cathedral was listed as a
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Italy had never fully adopted the Gothic style of architecture. Apart from
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Paper Palaces: The Rise of the Architectural Treatise in the Renaissance.
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in architecture was marked by widely diverging tendencies in the work of
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replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of
65:
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3946:
3735:, like the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Tomar (1532–40), the
3728:, with Renaissance ornaments decorating portals, columns and cloisters.
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1348:
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5721:
3720:, a defensive building of Gothic form decorated with Renaissance-style
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During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved in
2902:
in the 1490s. Bohemia together with its incorporated lands, especially
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in Florence with its two stories of strongly articulated windows of a "
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2003:
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709:
6166:
335–348. Edited by R. R. Bolgar. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
5957:
Mannerism: The Crisis of the Renaissance and the Origins of Modern Art
4933:
4737:
Mannerism: The Crisis of the Renaissance and the Origins of Modern Art
4312:
During the 19th century there was a conscious revival of the style in
2998:
2963:
1894:
1555:, which are often used alternately. Emblematic in this respect is the
994:
7307:
7139:
6644:
6181:
5553:
5493:
Baukunst der Renaissance in Europa. Von Spätgotik bis zum Manierismus
4606:
4344:
4254:
4240:
4095:
4063:
4000:
3992:
3702:
3652:
3637:
3590:
3586:
3512:
3332:
3311:
is the largest Renaissance church north of the Alps. It was built by
3284:
3270:
3131:
3108:
2923:
2811:
2775:
2713:
2526:
2518:
2491:. His first major architectural commission was the rebuilding of the
2121:
1809:
1804:. Among his other works for Cosimo are the library at the Convent of
1678:
and the tiled pavement surrounding it follows a mathematical order –
1634:
The leading architects of the Early Renaissance or Quattrocento were
1604:
1404:
1303:
1077:
903:
with its uniquely important decorations and the entire rebuilding of
799:
749:
632:
609:
530:
among architectural historians usually applies to the period 1400 to
463:
Although the term Renaissance was used first by the French historian
3606:
3602:
3340:
1939:
In the late 15th century and early 16th century, architects such as
1484:
is returned to architectural vocabulary as at St. Andrea in Mantua.
1365:
467:, it was given its more lasting definition from the Swiss historian
385:
118:
and the regularity of parts, as demonstrated in the architecture of
7108:
7047:
6980:
5922:
Studia nad dziejami kultury artystycznej późnego renesansu w Polsce
5511:
Studia nad dziejami kultury artystycznej późnego renesansu w Polsce
4454:
The list of characteristics below is expanded from a list based on
3800:
3676:
3555:
3276:
3250:
3009:
2974:
2459:
2333:
2282:
2161:
2148:
1940:
1840:
1552:
1528:
1448:
1373:
1369:
1342:
1180:
1057:
1006:
715:
147:
131:
115:
107:
96:
5840:, Architectural Press, 20th edition, 1996 (first published 1896).
5557:
3925:
In Denmark, Renaissance architecture thrived during the reigns of
3873:
because of its facetted upper story, is the work of two Italians,
3823:, damaged in an earthquake. Fioravanti was given the 12th-century
3257:. A particular form of Renaissance architecture in Germany is the
3008:. Its unusual construction does not use mortar, the stone blocks,
2910:
with the earliest known examples of the Renaissance architecture.
818:
controlled sea trade over goods from the East. The large towns of
56:
6985:
4103:
3625:
3402:
3296:
3169:
3029:
2767:
2496:
2243:
2152:
2140:
2107:
2067:
1961:
1774:
1498:
1396:
1317:
1186:
883:
623:
184:
3655:
wall decorations, whose total area is about 7000 square meters.
2506:
1275:
In southern Italy, Renaissance masters were called to Naples by
4610:
4332:
4032:
3984:
3972:
3770:
3721:
3641:
3515:
resembling leatherwork, a stylistic feature originating in the
3336:
3308:
3033:
3017:
2913:
The lands of the Bohemian Crown were never part of the ancient
2891:
2771:
2686:
2500:
2308:
and its lobby at the monastery of San Lorenzo in Florence, and
2278:
2144:
1976:
1949:
1876:
1789:
1608:
1607:. For more formal spaces, internal surfaces are decorated with
1588:
1239:
1221:
1160:
1142:
1114:
1027:
1023:
815:
457:
Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
135:
127:
7245:
4362:
4343:. While Renaissance style and motifs were largely purged from
4166:
built between 1601 and 1619 designed by the Spanish architect
2646:
The 16th century saw the economic and political ascendancy of
934:
Four Humanist philosophers under the patronage of the Medici:
3672:
3624:
In the third period (1600–50), the rising power of sponsored
3352:
2224:
1984:
1209:
831:
827:
823:
5876:. Von Spätgotik bis zum Manierismus, Frankfurt af Main, 1960
4206:, built between 1602 and 1797, a UNESCO World Heritage city.
2677:
Though Italian architects were highly sought after, such as
1005:, sponsored civic building programs. Posthumous portrait by
5853:
Historia architektury dla wszystkich Wydawnictwo Ossolineum
4203:
4180:
The best-known examples of the Renaissance architecture in
4082:. From the mid-sixteenth century, under such architects as
3406:
3013:
2845:. Renaissance influences grew stronger during the reign of
2823:
2749:
2472:
2412:
Lorenzo nearby, Brunelleschi used little scrolling console
2075:
1906:
Two of Alberti's best known buildings are in Florence, the
1539:
887:
839:
139:
138:, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical
126:, of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of
41:
6217:
Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects.
5321:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 486–487.
5271:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 601–602.
3731:
The first "pure" Renaissance structures appear under King
1788:(1396–1472), was another architect under patronage of the
1392:
perhaps having some responsibility in its design as well.
6344:
5697:. Imprenta de El País. pp. 5, 8, 10, 16, 19, 21, 25.
5034:, Architectural Design, Vol 49 No 5–6, Holland St, London
4305:; in other areas the change was more abrupt. Baroque and
6164:
Classical Influences on European Culture A.D. 1500–1700,
1403:(1446 and 1451) in Florence with its three registers of
6152:
Translated by Joseph Rykwert. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5345:(1st ed.). Prague: Kartografie. 2000. p. 40.
4475:
and all the subsequent State Capitals buildings in the
3850:
In 1485, Ivan III commissioned the building of a royal
3455:, Renaissance architecture took some time to reach the
3100:
where among other features it acquired versions of the
826:
providing a seaport for the goods of France and Spain;
822:
were prosperous through trade with the rest of Europe,
723:
was the object of Brunelleschi's studies of perspective
5690:
3385:
Renaissance architecture in Central and Eastern Europe
3191:
spent his last years. The style became dominant under
1994:
The crossing of Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan (1490)
1090:
in 1485 became the first printed book on architecture.
5296:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 441.
2562:
Progression from Early Renaissance through to Baroque
1843:
theoretician and designer whose book on architecture
1819:
Palazzo Medici Riccardi by Michelozzo. Florence, 1444
1121:
5647:
Flexor, Maria Helena Ochi. "Catedral Basílica". In:
4358:
4283:
were begun during the Renaissance period, including
4143:
in Brazil built between 1657 and 1746, a UNESCO WHS.
3393:. The style appeared following the marriage of King
3323:
in Rome. The architect is unknown. Many examples of
3315:
between 1583 and 1597 as a spiritual center for the
886:
in September 1377 and the resultant new emphasis on
537:, or later in the case of non-Italian Renaissances.
2533:The best known of Palladio's domestic buildings is
1060:played a large role in the dissemination of ideas.
6278:Renaissance Architecture in Great Buildings Online
6210:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
5319:The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art
5294:The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art
5269:The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art
4190:Franciscan Convent of Santo Antônio in João Pessoa
4131:
3888:built twelve churches for Ivan III, including the
3549:exemplifies the first period of Polish Renaissance
5837:Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture
4802:History of Architecture on the Comparative Method
4467:A major use of this feature is great dome of the
4253:A notable example of Renaissance architecture in
2428:Il Gesù, designed by Giacomo della Porta, 1568-84
540:Historians often use the following designations:
7767:
6224:Architectural Principles In the Age of Humanism.
5907:, 5th edition, Harcourt, Brace and World, inc.,
4592:
4590:
3651:, which is an palazzo in fortezza with a unique
3355:. Notable German Renaissance architects include
1252:received its Renaissance façade at the hands of
5750:
5616:
5582:
5580:
5174:Andrea Palladio: Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese
2454:, a project that he inherited from his teacher
2014:ornamentation. From 1488 to 1492 he worked for
1045:
5666:Brazilian heritage government Official website
4659:Venetian Architecture of the Early Renaissance
4078:. This phase of Spanish Renaissance is called
3769:in Tomar (John III Cloisters, 1557–1591). The
3613:. The most famous example is the 16th-century
3537:Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland
2766:The Renaissance arrived late in what is today
2467:, but has two clear horizontal divisions like
2247:construction, as a refuge to the city's poor.
2227:, but working in Rome, whose work bridges the
1839:, born in Genoa (1402–1472), was an important
1307:Raphael's unused plan for St. Peter's Basilica
497:, or "in the ancient manner" (of the Romans).
7261:
6303:
6079:Leonis Baptiste Alberti, Architectural Design
5959:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965,
5890:, 1980, Becocci editore Firenze. ISBN unknown
4739:. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1965).
4587:
3401:in 1476. Many Italian artists, craftsmen and
1395:Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a
991:achieved by a different quarter of the city.
651:in Rome. Prior to the 20th century, the term
446:The word "Renaissance" derives from the term
361:
6126:Manfred Wundram, Thomas Pape, Paolo Marton,
6065:The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia
6032:Anne Mueller von der Haegen, Ruth Strasser,
5577:
5152:Manfred Wundram, Thomas Pape, Paolo Marton,
5073:. London- New York: Routledge. p. 250.
4871:The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia
4599:"High Renaissance and Mannerism – Tempietto"
4287:, (1539). Many others are Baroque in style.
4237:Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Quito
3716:of Spain. Examples of Manueline include the
3647:. Another great example from this period is
3574:. Notable examples from this period include
2898:The Renaissance style first appeared in the
2471:. The problem of linking the aisles to the
1427:Roman and Greek orders of columns are used:
1076:in 1450. It was to some degree dependent on
509:Palladio's engraving of Bramante's Tempietto
474:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
6317:
6169:Hart, Vaughan, and Peter Hicks, eds. 1998.
5895:The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance
3001:, was begun in 1441 in the Gothic style by
1175:in the mid 15th century. The Duke employed
1065:
635:period, architects experimented with using
414:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
7268:
7254:
6310:
6296:
5694:Historia de la Catedral de Lima, 1535-1898
5516:
5372:. Bremen: Salzwasser-Verlag. p. 338.
5142:Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4696:
4050:. Classical orders and candelabra motifs (
3795:Renaissance architecture in Eastern Europe
3533:Renaissance architecture in Central Europe
1796:, which he was commissioned to design for
491:Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art
368:
354:
48:. This small temple marks the place where
5987:, 1997, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc..
5872:Harald Busch, Bernd Lohse, Hans Weigert,
5491:Harald Busch, Bernd Lohse, Hans Weigert,
4923:, 5th edition, Harcourt, Brace and World.
4613:: Edition Axel Menges. pp. 123–125.
4596:
3697:The adoption of the Renaissance style in
2837:meanwhile formed a large dual state with
2291:"one of the first promoters of Mannerism"
1847:was to have lasting effect. An aspect of
1595:. Basements and ground floors were often
1356:, built in 1483 by Giacomo di Pietrasanta
802:, 1503–13, sought to extend the Papacy's
786:In 1377, the return of the Pope from the
601:(1503) was directly inspired by circular
450:, which means rebirth, first appeared in
434:Learn how and when to remove this message
5969:Brigitte Hintzen-Bohlen, Jurgen Sorges,
5619:"Nuestra Señora de Copacabana – Bolivia"
5316:
5291:
5266:
5195:Janson, H.W., Anthony F. Janson (1997).
5172:Branco Mitrovic and Stephen R. Wassell,
5068:
4326:Mediterranean Revival Style architecture
4194:
4135:
4023:
3905:
3829:
3745:Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça (Évora)
3662:
3540:
3519:. This feature was exported to England.
3482:
3439:
3275:
3151:
3046:
2985:, with the exception of the independent
2954:
2882:
2795:Brotherhood of the Blackheads in Tallinn
2739:
2604:was adding a glorious new chapel in the
2571:
2505:
2423:
2365:
2318:
2249:
2223:, (1481–1536), was an architect born in
2203:
2131:Palazzo Pandolfini, Florence, by Raphael
2126:
2066:
1989:
1893:
1854:
1814:
1741:
1703:
1662:
1561:
1497:
1422:
1409:
1347:
1302:
1230:
1220:was completed, and then later under the
1125:
993:
929:
849:
714:
622:
517:Plan of Bramante's Tempietto in Montorio
512:
504:
55:
28:
6283:Architecture in the Classical Tradition
6178:A History of Architectural Conservation
6123:, 1968, Harry N. Abrams, ISBN not known
5707:
5241:
5235:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5040:
4989:
4903:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4851:
3884:In 1505, an Italian known in Russia as
3803:introduced Renaissance architecture to
3471:, and is part of the wider movement of
3429:
2503:where he was to work most of his life.
2370:The vestibule of the Laurentian Library
2174:Mannerism § Mannerist architecture
1792:family, his most famous work being the
1064:The first treatise on architecture was
688:
68:was the model for Bramante's Tempietto.
14:
7768:
5793:from the original on 24 September 2019
5763:from the original on 24 September 2019
5629:from the original on 24 September 2019
5598:from the original on 24 September 2019
5554:"Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia"
5365:
5310:
5260:
5216:
5191:
5189:
5136:described by the architectural writer
5105:from the original on 24 September 2022
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4395:Some architectural histories e.g. Sir
4328:with an Italian Renaissance emphasis.
2855:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
2549:stories, the upper forming a balcony.
2432:
2387:collection of books at the convent of
1502:The Dome of St Peter's Basilica, Rome.
1113:("The Four Books of Architecture") in
798:in 1417. Successive Popes, especially
7249:
6291:
6119:Robert Erich Wolf and Ronald Millen,
6116:1993–94, pdf with maps and 200 photos
5335:
5285:
5210:
5004:Robert Erich Wolf and Ronald Millen,
4944:from the original on 23 November 2021
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4661:(Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1980).
4645:Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien
4627:from the original on 22 November 2022
4239:, built between 1535 and 1650, is of
3679:, (1557–1591), Diogo de Torralva and
3597:. Buildings of this kind include the
2906:, thus ranked among the areas of the
2374:
1800:in 1444. A decade later he built the
1715:
1414:Classical Orders, engraving from the
1149:, Alberti designed two churches, the
643:(1475–1564), who frequently used the
106:Renaissance style places emphasis on
6150:On the Art of Building in Ten Books.
5566:from the original on 1 November 2015
5534:from the original on 2 November 2020
5505:Historia architektury dla wszystkich
5473:from the original on 22 January 2011
5455:
5037:
4848:
4718:from the original on 26 October 2012
4347:, they have been reasserted in some
4188:built between 1657 and 1746 and the
4162:decoration in its interior; and the
3754:–1540), as well as the cloisters of
3689:Renaissance architecture in Portugal
2600:demolished to make way for the new,
1623:
1494:History of Italian Renaissance domes
412:adding citations to reliable sources
379:
6086:Filippo Brunelleschi: The Buildings
6081:, Vol 49 No 5–6, Holland St, London
6051:An Outline of European Architecture
5862:, London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.
5199:, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc..
5186:
5071:The Architecture of the Renaissance
5057:An Outline of European Architecture
4828:
4672:Filippo Brunelleschi: The Buildings
3865:. The small banqueting hall of the
3172:, but also stylistic ideas. In the
2635:
2098:(1485–1546) was one of a family of
1928:
1735:, a circular temple, now a church.
1511:and its use in Bramante's plan for
500:
24:
6196:Sebastiano Serlio on Architecture.
6142:
5897:, London: Thames and Hudson, 2007.
5874:Baukunst der Renaissance in Europa
5672:from the original on 7 August 2020
4742:
4687:(London: Thames and Hudson, 1977).
4164:Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana
3881:, and shows a more Italian style.
3811:. In 1475 the Bolognese architect
3261:, with prominent examples such as
2479:
2391:, the same San Lorenzo's at which
2238:Peruzzi's most famous work is the
1883:. This was left sadly incomplete.
1771:Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence
1298:
1287:, attributed to Bramante, and the
1122:Spread of the Renaissance in Italy
1072:("On the Subject of Building") by
25:
7827:
7298:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
6237:
6219:New Haven: Yale University Press.
6100:Architecture in Britain 1530–1830
5983:Janson, H.W., Anthony F. Janson,
5757:Merida Cathedral Official website
5617:Pepe Barrascout (5 August 2015).
5424:Architecture in Britain 1530–1830
5386:from the original on 4 March 2016
5176:(New York: Acanthus Press, 2006,
4845:, 1966, Paul Hamlyn, ISBN unknown
3570:and his Italian-born wife, Queen
3478:
3295:In July 1567 the city council of
2383:, also built by him to house the
1757:Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence
1246:Venetian Renaissance architecture
1110:I quattro libri dell'architettura
569:Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence
481:. The folio of measured drawings
157:
6173:New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
5787:famous-historic-buildings.org.uk
5463:"City Mayors: Antwerp City Hall"
5246:. Kunst Publishers. p. 23.
5221:. Scarecrow Press. p. 105.
5219:Historical Dictionary of Estonia
4361:
4314:Renaissance Revival architecture
4297:Renaissance Revival architecture
4098:, examples of which include the
4020:Spanish Renaissance architecture
3825:Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir
3779:Monastery of São Vicente de Fora
3436:Renaissance in the Low Countries
2735:
2281:and extensive frescoes, he uses
2261:
2044:Bramante went on to work on the
2000:Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)
899:period. The construction of the
790:and the re-establishment of the
727:
384:
172:
7275:
6194:Serlio, Sebastiano. 1996–2001.
6034:Art and Architecture of Tuscany
5809:
5775:
5751:A. Gutiérrez R. (24 May 2017).
5744:
5701:
5691:Manuel García Irigoyen (1898).
5684:
5654:
5641:
5610:
5588:"Iglesia Curahuara de Carangas"
5546:
5485:
5436:
5416:
5398:
5359:
5166:
5146:
5130:
5117:
5087:
5062:
5024:
5021:, 1980, Becocci editore Firenze
5011:
4976:
4956:
4926:
4883:
4815:
4729:
4597:Grundmann, Stefan, ed. (1998).
4565:
4554:
4523:
4508:
4492:
4482:
4461:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4132:Spread in the Colonial Americas
3148:French Renaissance architecture
2807:cannon tower, also in Tallinn.
2296:
2096:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
2080:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
1945:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
1869:Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua
1860:Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua
1649:
1470:Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua
1335:Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua
18:Renaissance architectural style
6148:Alberti, Leon Battista. 1988.
5999:Art and Architecture of Venice
5893:Christopher Luitpold Frommel,
5623:Cathedral of Escuintla website
5317:Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2009).
5292:Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2009).
5267:Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2009).
4964:Art and Architecture of Venice
4690:
4677:
4664:
4651:
4639:
4443:Basilica Minore del Santo Niño
4411:
4402:
4389:
4377:List of Renaissance structures
4186:Cathedral Basilica of Salvador
4141:Cathedral Basilica of Salvador
3895:
3026:Niccolò di Giovanni Fiorentino
2931:Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor
2879:Czech Renaissance architecture
2843:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2712:Books or ornament prints with
2555:church of San Giorgio Maggiore
2399:and their various components.
2327:
2231:and the Mannerist period. His
1773:. It is composed of a central
1750:
1527:Roofs are fitted with flat or
1320:such as the Romans had built.
1098:Regole generali d'architettura
958:
13:
1:
6570:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
6205:New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
6121:Renaissance and Mannerist Art
5943:Renaissance Europe, 1480–1520
5594:(in Spanish). 7 August 2019.
5059:, Pelican, 1964, ISBN unknown
5006:Renaissance and Mannerist Art
4891:Renaissance Europe, 1480–1520
4580:
4281:churches of the city of Cusco
4192:built between 1634 and 1779.
4168:Francisco Jiménez de Siguenza
3759:
3748:
3706:
3181:
3078:
2859:Bernardino Zanobi de Gianotis
2441:
2285:, surprising combinations of
1780:
1459:(1421–1440) by Brunelleschi.
1372:and organised by a system of
809:
613:
583:
548:
531:
7499:Platonism in the Renaissance
7403:Early Netherlandish painting
6268:Resources in other libraries
5883:, 1963, Hamlyn. ISBN unknown
5649:Igrejas e Conventos da Bahia
5507:Wydawnictwo Ossolineum, 1990
5343:Prague : City Guidebook
4938:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
4537:was closely inspired by the
4529:An influential example, The
4259:Cathedral of Mérida, Yucatán
4219:House of the Five Medallions
3777:(1565–87) and the Mannerist
3255:St. Michael's Church, Munich
3197:Châteaux of the Loire Valley
2989:, was under the rule of the
2240:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
2209:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
2167:
1574:In the Mannerist period the
1052:Mathematics and architecture
1046:Rise of architectural theory
1013:
873:
762:
7:
6159:Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
5069:Benevolo, Leonardo (2002).
4934:"Historic Centre of Urbino"
4711:, 28 (Winter 2005): 34–41,
4504:Banqueting House, Whitehall
4445:, present structure 1735–39
4354:
4200:Lima Metropolitan Cathedral
3701:was gradual. The so-called
3658:
3619:Giovanni Battista di Quadro
3415:Ottoman conquest of Hungary
3136:Banqueting House, Whitehall
2784:State of the Teutonic Order
2705:(1573–1652) in England and
2090:
1975:, (1444–1514), was born in
1967:
1522:
999:Cosimo de' Medici the Elder
659:From Renaissance to Baroque
10:
7832:
7408:Dutch and Flemish painting
7351:Central and Eastern Europe
7320:Outline of the Renaissance
5366:Hamlin, Alfred D. (2010).
4674:. (London: Zwemmer, 1993).
4294:
4017:
3952:Elsewhere in Sweden, with
3899:
3890:Cathedral of the Archangel
3817:Cathedral of the Dormition
3788:
3686:
3634:Kalwaria Zebrzydowska park
3526:
3494:In the early 17th century
3461:Cornelis Floris de Vriendt
3433:
3382:
3378:
3327:buildings can be found in
3313:William V, Duke of Bavaria
3206:
3202:
3145:
3062:
3042:
2944:
2940:
2876:
2872:
2822:in the Latvian capital of
2797:with a façade designed by
2755:
2639:
2565:
2215:
2171:
2135:
1932:
1923:Baptistery of San Giovanni
1831:
1754:
1719:
1687:Ancient Roman architecture
1653:
1627:
1614:
1546:
1491:
1279:after his conquest of the
1236:Scuola Grande di San Marco
1049:
814:In the early Renaissance,
692:
683:
627:The Piazza del Campidoglio
122:and in particular ancient
7816:17th-century architecture
7811:16th-century architecture
7806:15th-century architecture
7720:
7687:
7655:
7600:
7545:
7536:
7333:
7283:
7158:
7127:
7076:
6941:
6678:
6637:
6512:
6425:
6343:
6325:
6263:Resources in your library
6222:Wittkower, Rudolf. 1971.
6157:Renaissance Architecture.
6155:Anderson, Christy. 2013.
6088:, London: Zwemmer, 1993,
6029:, 1966, Paul Hamlyn, ISBN
5971:Rome and the Vatican City
5524:"Arquitectura Herreriana"
5495:, Frankfurt af Main, 1960
5244:Estonia. Cultural Tourism
4548:29 September 2007 at the
4307:Neoclassical architecture
4290:
3854:within the Kremlin, with
3784:
3522:
3141:
3096:, much influenced by the
2926:(figural or ornamental).
2658:, then later the rise of
2579:with a profile of a man,
2456:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola
2078:(1534–1545). Designed by
2052:. In 1506 his design for
1746:The church of San Lorenzo
1475:
1462:
1360:
1289:Palazzo Orsini di Gravina
1262:Giovanni Maria Falconetto
981:Hospital of the Innocents
93:neoclassical architecture
7776:Renaissance architecture
6249:Renaissance architecture
6215:Tafuri, Manfredo. 2006.
6201:Smith, Christine. 1992.
6176:Jokilehto, Jukka. 2017.
5818:Renaissance Architecture
5099:Lombardia Beni Culturali
5008:, 1968, Harry N. Abrams.
4986:, 1963, Hamlyn. Page 243
4605:(2nd Revised ed.).
4519:Cambridge Camden Society
4500:Queen's House, Greenwich
4382:
4013:
3469:Elizabethan architecture
3319:and was inspired by the
3065:Elizabethan architecture
2818:without intermediaries.
2724:in the Netherlands, and
2709:(1573–1646) in Germany.
2598:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2588:father of the Baroque".
2511:Villa Capra "La Rotonda"
2048:, where he designed the
1668:Ospedale degli Innocenti
1582:
1559:in Rome, begun in 1517.
1534:
1487:
974:
748:, (influenced by French
73:Renaissance architecture
6335:History of construction
6319:History of architecture
6229:Yerkes, Carolyn. 2017.
6027:Man and the Renaissance
5509:Mieczysław Gębarowicz,
5448:23 October 2006 at the
5369:History of architecture
5032:Leonis Baptiste Alberti
4843:Man and the Renaissance
4349:Postmodern architecture
4118:arquitectura herreriana
4088:Juan Bautista de Toledo
4072:Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón
3995:, and the contemporary
3902:Architecture of Denmark
3593:, but also in parts of
3517:School of Fontainebleau
2977:were in union with the
2951:Architecture of Croatia
2829:House of the Blackheads
2762:Architecture of Estonia
2746:House of the Blackheads
2701:(died: 1567) in Spain,
2699:Juan Bautista de Toledo
2697:(1510–1570) in France,
2302:Michelangelo Buonarroti
1891:" motif of the façade.
1873:Church of San Francesco
1794:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
1763:Santo Spirito, Florence
1601:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
1323:
1295:between 1513 and 1549.
1266:Loggia and Odeo Cornaro
1173:Federico da Montefeltro
1151:Basilica of Sant'Andrea
857:, 1477, builder of the
50:St. Peter was crucified
6330:Architectural timeline
5710:Historical Archaeology
5443:Image of Bakócz Chapel
5406:"St James's Cathedral"
5242:Viirand, Tiiu (2004).
5217:Miljan, Toivo (2004).
4982:Cropplestone, Trewin,
4431:Cathedral of Chihuahua
4316:, that paralleled the
4207:
4144:
4035:
3915:
3847:
3693:Portuguese Renaissance
3684:
3550:
3491:
3448:
3365:Abraham van den Blocke
3292:
3287:, Germany (example of
3166:wars in northern Italy
3161:
3060:
2966:
2947:Renaissance in Croatia
2895:
2753:
2732:(1593–94) in Germany.
2722:Hans Vredeman de Vries
2584:
2513:
2429:
2371:
2324:
2258:
2212:
2132:
2087:
2031:San Pietro in Montorio
1995:
1903:
1863:
1820:
1747:
1712:
1671:
1571:
1503:
1419:
1390:Leone Battista Alberti
1357:
1339:Leone Battista Alberti
1308:
1260:, begun in the 1480s.
1242:
1171:being constructed for
1135:
1107:(1508–1580) published
1066:
1010:
955:
948:Demetrius Chalcondyles
870:
724:
649:Piazza del Campidoglio
628:
599:San Pietro in Montorio
518:
510:
69:
53:
38:San Pietro in Montorio
34:Tempietto del Bramante
7796:Architecture in Italy
7791:European architecture
7781:Architectural history
7733:Medieval renaissances
7511:Scientific Revolution
6872:America and Australia
6492:Medieval Scandinavian
6102:, 1977 ed., Pelican,
6013:Style w architekturze
5927:Ludwig Goldscheider,
5918:Mieczysław Gębarowicz
5879:Trewin Cropplestone,
5499:Style w architekturze
5426:, 1977 ed., Pelican,
5123:Ludwig Goldscheider,
4825:, (Brill, 2008), 182.
4821:Joëlle Rollo-Koster,
4543:Photos and commentary
4267:Juan Miguel de Agüero
4198:
4156:Curahuara de Carangas
4139:
4068:Alonso de Covarrubias
4027:
3909:
3833:
3813:Aristotele Fioravanti
3666:
3544:
3529:Renaissance in Poland
3486:
3443:
3279:
3155:
3050:
2995:Cathedral of St James
2969:In the 15th century,
2960:Cathedral of St James
2958:
2886:
2851:Sigismund II Augustus
2758:Renaissance in Poland
2743:
2683:Aristotile Fioravanti
2575:
2509:
2427:
2389:San Lorenzo, Florence
2369:
2322:
2283:illusionistic effects
2253:
2207:
2143:(1483–1520), born in
2130:
2070:
2050:Cortile del Belvedere
1993:
1897:
1858:
1837:Leon Battista Alberti
1818:
1802:Villa Medici, Fiesole
1786:Michelozzo Michelozzi
1745:
1707:
1666:
1644:Leon Battista Alberti
1565:
1501:
1423:Columns and pilasters
1416:Encyclopédie vol. 18.
1413:
1351:
1306:
1234:
1129:
1074:Leon Battista Alberti
1050:Further information:
997:
933:
853:
779:, and through Milan,
767:In the 15th century,
718:
626:
516:
508:
95:. Developed first in
87:and was succeeded by
59:
32:
7786:Architectural styles
7602:Northern Renaissance
7114:Critical regionalism
5905:Art through the Ages
5851:Tadeusz Broniewski,
5834:; Cruickshank, Dan,
5503:Tadeusz Broniewski,
4921:Art Through the Ages
4533:in London (1841) by
4303:Baroque architecture
4225:Renaissance façade.
4060:Andrés de Vandelvira
3971:The architecture of
3943:Frederiksborg Castle
3920:Frederiksborg Palace
3912:Frederiksborg Palace
3910:Nordic Renaissance:
3815:came to rebuild the
3809:Russian architecture
3791:Russian architecture
3560:Francesco Fiorentino
3457:Habsburg Netherlands
3430:Habsburg Netherlands
3156:French Renaissance:
2929:During the reign of
2867:Giovanni Maria Mosca
2691:Francesco Fiorentino
2642:Northern Renaissance
2606:Perpendicular Gothic
2602:Henry VII of England
2568:Baroque architecture
2489:Giangiorgio Trissino
2104:Giuliano da Sangallo
2058:St. Peter's Basilica
1849:Renaissance humanism
1656:Filippo Brunelleschi
1636:Filippo Brunelleschi
1513:St. Peter's Basilica
1331:Filippo Brunelleschi
1195:Palazzo dei Diamanti
1145:at the court of the
952:Domenico Ghirlandaio
912:Republic of Florence
905:St. Peter's Basilica
796:Council of Constance
689:Development in Italy
573:Filippo Brunelleschi
408:improve this section
180:The School of Athens
101:Filippo Brunelleschi
89:Baroque architecture
7555:Bergamo and Brescia
7547:Italian Renaissance
7325:Renaissance studies
7053:Stripped Classicism
7028:International style
7011:Rationalist-Fascist
6660:Portuguese Colonial
6410:Pre-Islamic Persian
6180:. 2d ed. New York:
6025:Andrew Martindale,
5559:World Heritage List
4841:Andrew Martindale,
4477:Renaissance Revival
4469:US Capitol Building
4369:Architecture portal
4243:Renaissance style.
4100:palace of Charles V
3726:Jerónimos Monastery
3645:World Heritage Site
3630:Counter Reformation
3568:Sigismund I the Old
3564:Bartolomeo Berrecci
3422:), now part of the
3331:old towns, such as
3317:Counter Reformation
3231:Johannisburg Palace
3158:Château de Chambord
3037:World Heritage List
3003:Giorgio da Sebenico
2919:Gothic architecture
2888:Royal Summer Palace
2847:Sigismund I the Old
2718:Androuet du Cerceau
2695:Philibert de l'Orme
2630:Counter Reformation
2618:architectural forms
2523:Arch of Constantine
2493:Basilica Palladiana
2469:Santa Maria Novella
2438:Giacomo della Porta
2433:Giacomo della Porta
2361:Giacomo della Porta
2323:St Peter's Basilica
2310:St Peter's Basilica
2271:Federico II Gonzaga
2029:in the Cloister of
1912:Santa Maria Novella
1900:Santa Maria Novella
1845:De re Aedificatoria
1806:San Marco, Florence
1691:Gothic architecture
1676:Florence Baptistery
1354:Sant'Agostino, Rome
1285:Cappella Caracciolo
1277:Alfonso V of Aragon
1088:De re aedificatoria
1068:De re aedificatoria
920:Blessed Virgin Mary
735:Florence Baptistery
721:Florence Baptistery
695:Italian Renaissance
637:architectural forms
479:Italian Renaissance
120:classical antiquity
85:Gothic architecture
7673:Spanish Golden Age
7313:Northern Mannerism
7058:Postconstructivism
7001:Streamline Moderne
6036:, 2000, Konemann,
6001:, 1999, Könemann,
5886:Giovanni Fanelli,
5881:World Architecture
5816:Christy Anderson.
5722:10.1007/BF03374010
5467:www.citymayors.com
5017:Giovanni Fanelli,
4984:World Architecture
4966:, 1999, Könemann,
4541:, discussed above
4211:Dominican Republic
4208:
4184:are the Mannerist
4145:
4036:
3916:
3848:
3685:
3605:and city halls of
3580:Sigismund's Chapel
3551:
3500:Hendrick de Keyser
3492:
3473:Northern Mannerism
3449:
3447:(finished in 1564)
3424:Esztergom Basilica
3399:Beatrice of Naples
3391:Kingdom of Hungary
3321:Church of the Gesù
3293:
3223:Landshut Residence
3209:German Renaissance
3162:
3061:
3016:being bonded with
3006:(Juraj Dalmatinac)
2987:Republic of Ragusa
2979:Kingdom of Hungary
2967:
2896:
2754:
2585:
2514:
2452:Church of the Gesù
2430:
2419:architectural form
2381:Laurentian Library
2375:Laurentian Library
2372:
2325:
2306:Laurentian Library
2287:architectural form
2259:
2221:Baldassare Peruzzi
2213:
2197:, that led to the
2191:Baldassare Peruzzi
2158:Palazzo Pandolfini
2133:
2100:military engineers
2088:
1996:
1904:
1864:
1821:
1748:
1722:Florence Cathedral
1716:Florence Cathedral
1713:
1710:Florence Cathedral
1680:linear perspective
1672:
1572:
1509:Florence Cathedral
1504:
1420:
1358:
1318:public bath houses
1309:
1243:
1226:Castello Sforzesco
1199:Palazzo Schifanoia
1136:
1130:The Church of the
1011:
985:Laurentian Library
956:
940:Cristoforo Landino
916:Florence Cathedral
878:The return of the
871:
806:throughout Italy.
725:
629:
519:
511:
124:Roman architecture
70:
54:
7763:
7762:
7683:
7682:
7656:Iberian peninsula
7423:Italian sculpture
7243:
7242:
6244:Library resources
6233:Venice: Marsilio.
6226:New York: Norton.
6067:, 1979, Octopus,
6059:978-0-14-020109-3
6053:, Pelican, 1964,
5997:Marion Kaminski,
5931:, 1964, Phaidon,
5913:978-0-15-503752-6
5858:Arnaldo Bruschi,
5832:Banister Fletcher
5562:, Paris: UNESCO,
5138:Sebastiano Serlio
4962:Marion Kaminski,
4873:, 1979, Octopus,
4798:Banister Fletcher
4683:Arnaldo Bruschi.
4620:978-3-936681-16-1
4456:Banister Fletcher
4419:Early Renaissance
4397:Banister Fletcher
4263:Pedro de Aulestia
4005:Akershus Fortress
3981:Rosenkrantz Tower
3856:Aloisio da Milano
3767:Convent of Christ
3741:Coimbra Cathedral
3714:Isabelline Gothic
3669:Convent of Christ
3465:Antwerp City Hall
3445:Antwerp City Hall
3395:Matthias Corvinus
3357:Friedrich Sustris
3325:Brick Renaissance
3301:Cologne City Hall
3289:Weser Renaissance
3259:Weser Renaissance
3227:Heidelberg Castle
3219:Johannes Reuchlin
3189:Leonardo da Vinci
3178:Château d'Amboise
2991:Venetian Republic
2908:Holy Roman Empire
2820:St. John's Church
2726:Wendel Dietterlin
2679:Sebastiano Serlio
2610:Westminster Abbey
2273:at Mantua on the
2056:'s rebuilding of
1798:Cosimo de' Medici
1728:Arnolfo di Cambio
1699:Cosimo de' Medici
1624:Early Renaissance
1293:Gabriele d'Angelo
1281:Kingdom of Naples
1268:in the garden of
1094:Sebastiano Serlio
1030:of Florence, the
918:dedicated to the
890:as the center of
523:Early Renaissance
444:
443:
436:
378:
377:
337:Continuity thesis
324:History and study
16:(Redirected from
7823:
7728:Cloak and dagger
7543:
7542:
7413:Italian painting
7303:High Renaissance
7270:
7263:
7256:
7247:
7246:
7135:Deconstructivism
6894:Spanish Colonial
6655:Spanish Colonial
6555:Western Chalukya
6363:Ancient Egyptian
6312:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6098:John Summerson,
6084:Howard Saalman,
6077:Joseph Rykwert,
6047:Nikolaus Pevsner
5945:, 1971, Fontana
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5783:"Lima Cathedral"
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5658:
5652:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5520:
5514:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5459:
5453:
5440:
5434:
5422:John Summerson,
5420:
5414:
5413:
5408:. Archived from
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5214:
5208:
5193:
5184:
5170:
5164:
5150:
5144:
5134:
5128:
5127:, 1964, Phaidon.
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5095:"Duomo di Pavia"
5091:
5085:
5084:
5066:
5060:
5053:Nikolaus Pevsner
5050:
5035:
5030:Joseph Rykwert,
5028:
5022:
5015:
5009:
5002:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4930:
4924:
4914:
4901:
4893:, 1971, Fontana
4887:
4881:
4867:
4846:
4839:
4826:
4819:
4813:
4795:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4706:
4694:
4688:
4681:
4675:
4670:Howard Saalman.
4668:
4662:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4594:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4527:
4521:
4512:
4506:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4473:Washington, D.C.
4471:(begun 1856) in
4465:
4459:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4400:
4393:
4371:
4366:
4365:
3958:Gripsholm Castle
3871:Palace of Facets
3840:Cathedral Square
3836:Palace of Facets
3775:São Roque Church
3764:
3761:
3753:
3750:
3711:
3708:
3667:Cloister of the
3649:Krasiczyn Castle
3615:Poznań Town Hall
3263:Bremen City Hall
3239:Schloss Weilburg
3186:
3183:
3134:in 1616 and the
3088:, and the first
3084:), Henry VIII's
3083:
3080:
2900:Crown of Bohemia
2778:, the so-called
2636:Spread in Europe
2530:Palladian Arch.
2446:
2443:
2405:Nikolaus Pevsner
2397:Classical orders
2229:High Renaissance
2147:, trained under
2046:Apostolic Palace
1935:High Renaissance
1929:High Renaissance
1908:Palazzo Rucellai
1825:classical orders
1401:Palazzo Rucellai
1382:Pienza Cathedral
1313:Classical orders
1254:Antonio Gambello
1218:Certosa di Pavia
1165:important centre
1132:Certosa di Pavia
1071:
1020:Platonic Academy
944:Angelo Poliziano
863:Melozzo da Forlì
618:
617: 1520–1600
615:
588:
587: 1500–1525
585:
580:High Renaissance
553:
552: 1400–1500
550:
536:
533:
501:Principal phases
469:Jacob Burckhardt
439:
432:
428:
425:
419:
388:
380:
370:
363:
356:
342:High Renaissance
332:Age of Discovery
176:
162:
161:
21:
7831:
7830:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7801:Renaissance art
7766:
7765:
7764:
7759:
7716:
7679:
7651:
7596:
7532:
7445:Northern Europe
7329:
7279:
7274:
7244:
7239:
7154:
7123:
7072:
7006:Totalitarianism
6996:New Objectivity
6937:
6790:Serbo-Byzantine
6785:Russo-Byzantine
6674:
6633:
6508:
6485:Islamic Persian
6421:
6339:
6321:
6316:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6240:
6145:
6143:Further reading
6140:
6128:Andrea Palladio
6114:Giardino Giusti
6015:, Warsaw 1996,
6011:Wilfried Koch,
5955:Arnold Hauser,
5820:. Oxford 2013.
5812:
5807:
5806:
5796:
5794:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5766:
5764:
5749:
5745:
5706:
5702:
5689:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5569:
5567:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5508:
5502:
5497:Wilfried Koch,
5496:
5490:
5486:
5476:
5474:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5450:Wayback Machine
5441:
5437:
5421:
5417:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5380:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5329:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5290:
5286:
5279:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5215:
5211:
5194:
5187:
5171:
5167:
5154:Andrea Palladio
5151:
5147:
5140:(1475–1554) in
5135:
5131:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5067:
5063:
5051:
5038:
5029:
5025:
5016:
5012:
5003:
4990:
4981:
4977:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4915:
4904:
4888:
4884:
4868:
4849:
4840:
4829:
4820:
4816:
4796:
4743:
4735:Arnold Hauser.
4734:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4704:
4702:"Pilaster Play"
4695:
4691:
4682:
4678:
4669:
4665:
4656:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4621:
4595:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4570:
4566:
4561:Charles Garnier
4559:
4555:
4550:Wayback Machine
4539:Palazzo Farnese
4528:
4524:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4466:
4462:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4367:
4360:
4357:
4299:
4293:
4285:Cusco Cathedral
4279:Several of the
4182:Colonial Brazil
4134:
4113:Herrerian style
4092:Juan de Herrera
4022:
4016:
4003:, and parts of
3989:Barony Rosendal
3966:Vadstena Castle
3935:Kronborg Castle
3929:and especially
3904:
3898:
3797:
3789:Main articles:
3787:
3762:
3756:Viseu Cathedral
3751:
3737:Porta Especiosa
3709:
3695:
3687:Main articles:
3661:
3539:
3527:Main articles:
3525:
3481:
3463:, who designed
3438:
3432:
3387:
3381:
3211:
3205:
3184:
3150:
3144:
3081:
3075:Richmond Palace
3071:
3063:Main articles:
3045:
2953:
2945:Main articles:
2943:
2881:
2875:
2841:, known as the
2814:following from
2764:
2756:Main articles:
2738:
2720:in France, and
2644:
2638:
2596:was having the
2583:, Verona, Italy
2570:
2564:
2485:Andrea Palladio
2482:
2480:Andrea Palladio
2444:
2435:
2377:
2330:
2299:
2264:
2233:Villa Farnesina
2218:
2195:Andrea Palladio
2176:
2170:
2138:
2093:
2072:Palazzo Farnese
2035:Temple of Vesta
2020:Pavia Cathedral
1981:Ludovico Sforza
1973:Donato Bramante
1970:
1937:
1931:
1834:
1783:
1759:
1753:
1724:
1718:
1658:
1652:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1585:
1568:Palazzo Strozzi
1557:Palazzo Farnese
1549:
1537:
1525:
1496:
1490:
1478:
1465:
1425:
1363:
1326:
1301:
1299:Characteristics
1177:Luciano Laurana
1124:
1105:Andrea Palladio
1083:De architectura
1054:
1048:
1034:of Mantua, the
1016:
977:
961:
936:Marsilio Ficino
910:In the wealthy
880:Pope Gregory XI
876:
812:
765:
757:Classical style
746:Milan Cathedral
730:
719:The Romanesque
697:
691:
686:
674:Andrea Palladio
616:
595:Donato Bramante
586:
551:
534:
503:
440:
429:
423:
420:
405:
389:
374:
311:Northern Europe
187:
183:(1509–1511) by
160:
62:Temple of Vesta
46:Donato Bramante
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7829:
7819:
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7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
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7751:
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7709:
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7023:
7018:
7013:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6991:Constructivism
6988:
6983:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6966:
6964:Prairie School
6961:
6956:
6951:
6945:
6943:
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6938:
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6935:
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6928:
6923:
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6886:
6881:
6876:
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6869:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
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6787:
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6759:
6758:
6753:
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6539:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6497:Pre-Romanesque
6494:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6427:1st millennium
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6385:
6380:
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6365:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
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6323:
6322:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6238:External links
6236:
6235:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6174:
6167:
6160:
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6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6096:
6082:
6075:
6061:
6044:
6030:
6023:
6009:
5995:
5985:History of Art
5981:
5967:
5953:
5939:
5925:
5915:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5856:
5849:
5828:
5826:978-0192842275
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5774:
5759:(in Spanish).
5743:
5700:
5683:
5653:
5640:
5625:(in Spanish).
5609:
5576:
5545:
5530:(in Spanish).
5528:arteespana.com
5515:
5484:
5454:
5435:
5415:
5412:on 6 May 2009.
5397:
5378:
5358:
5351:
5334:
5327:
5309:
5302:
5284:
5277:
5259:
5252:
5234:
5227:
5209:
5197:History of Art
5185:
5165:
5145:
5129:
5116:
5086:
5079:
5061:
5036:
5023:
5010:
4988:
4975:
4955:
4925:
4902:
4882:
4847:
4827:
4814:
4741:
4728:
4698:Mark Jarzombek
4689:
4676:
4663:
4657:John McAndrew
4650:
4638:
4619:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4572:Louis Sullivan
4564:
4553:
4522:
4507:
4491:
4481:
4460:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4410:
4401:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4356:
4353:
4337:Neo-Classicism
4322:Palais Garnier
4318:Gothic Revival
4295:Main article:
4292:
4289:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4133:
4130:
4128:of the time.
4018:Main article:
4015:
4012:
3900:Main article:
3897:
3894:
3879:Pietro Solario
3844:Moscow Kremlin
3821:Moscow Kremlin
3786:
3783:
3660:
3657:
3617:, designed by
3578:Courtyard and
3524:
3521:
3496:Dutch Republic
3480:
3479:Dutch Republic
3477:
3434:Main article:
3431:
3428:
3383:Main article:
3380:
3377:
3349:Friedrichstadt
3215:Albrecht Dürer
3207:Main article:
3204:
3201:
3146:Main article:
3143:
3140:
3117:Longleat House
3113:prodigy houses
3090:Somerset House
3086:Nonsuch Palace
3044:
3041:
2942:
2939:
2877:Main article:
2874:
2871:
2737:
2734:
2672:Dutch Republic
2640:Main article:
2637:
2634:
2594:Pope Julius II
2581:Palazzo Giusti
2566:Main article:
2563:
2560:
2539:Pantheon, Rome
2481:
2478:
2465:triumphal arch
2434:
2431:
2376:
2373:
2329:
2326:
2298:
2295:
2263:
2260:
2217:
2214:
2172:Main article:
2169:
2166:
2137:
2134:
2118:Farnese Palace
2092:
2089:
2054:Pope Julius II
2016:Ascanio Sforza
1969:
1966:
1933:Main article:
1930:
1927:
1889:triumphal arch
1881:triumphal arch
1833:
1830:
1782:
1779:
1755:Main article:
1752:
1749:
1720:Main article:
1717:
1714:
1654:Main article:
1651:
1648:
1628:Main article:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1584:
1581:
1548:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1492:Main article:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1464:
1461:
1424:
1421:
1362:
1359:
1325:
1322:
1300:
1297:
1270:Alvise Cornaro
1155:San Sebastiano
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1101:
1091:
1047:
1044:
1015:
1012:
1001:, head of the
976:
973:
960:
957:
901:Sistine Chapel
875:
872:
867:Vatican Palace
859:Sistine Chapel
855:Pope Sixtus IV
820:Northern Italy
811:
808:
804:temporal power
788:Avignon Papacy
764:
761:
739:Pisa Cathedral
729:
726:
693:Main article:
690:
687:
685:
682:
661:
660:
621:
620:
591:
590:
556:
555:
502:
499:
487:Erwin Panofsky
465:Jules Michelet
452:Giorgio Vasari
442:
441:
392:
390:
383:
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
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345:
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273:
265:
264:
260:
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242:
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232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Greek scholars
212:
207:
202:
194:
193:
189:
188:
177:
169:
168:
159:
158:Historiography
156:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7828:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
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7756:
7753:
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7708:
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7666:
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7661:
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7654:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7637:Low Countries
7635:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
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7509:
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7396:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7361:Italian domes
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7321:
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7309:
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7157:
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7148:
7146:
7145:New Classical
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
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7092:
7090:
7089:Structuralism
7087:
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7059:
7056:
7054:
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7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7033:Functionalism
7031:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6969:Expressionism
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6921:Liberty style
6919:
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6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
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6882:
6880:
6877:
6873:
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6865:
6864:
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6860:
6857:
6855:
6854:Neo-Manueline
6852:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6827:Monumentalism
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6817:Mediterranean
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6786:
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6778:
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6757:
6754:
6752:
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6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
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6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6684:
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6681:
6677:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:Romano-Gothic
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:Ancient Roman
6396:
6394:
6393:Ancient Greek
6391:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6137:
6136:3-8228-0271-9
6133:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6112:Paolo Villa:
6111:
6109:
6108:0-14-056003-3
6105:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6094:0-271-01067-3
6091:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6074:
6073:0-7064-0857-8
6070:
6066:
6063:Ilan Rachum,
6062:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6042:3-8290-2652-8
6039:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6022:
6021:83-7129-288-0
6018:
6014:
6010:
6008:
6007:3-8290-2657-9
6004:
6000:
5996:
5994:
5993:0-8109-3442-6
5990:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5979:3-8290-3109-2
5976:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5965:0-674-54815-9
5962:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5951:0-00-632435-5
5948:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5901:Helen Gardner
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:0-500-34065-X
5865:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:0-7506-2267-9
5843:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5814:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5695:
5687:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5650:
5644:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5512:
5506:
5501:, Warsaw 1996
5500:
5494:
5488:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5432:0-14-056003-3
5429:
5425:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5385:
5381:
5379:9783861952503
5375:
5371:
5370:
5362:
5354:
5352:80-7011-597-1
5348:
5344:
5338:
5330:
5328:9780195334661
5324:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5303:9780195334661
5299:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5278:9780195334661
5274:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5228:9780810865716
5224:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5205:0-8109-3442-6
5202:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5183:
5182:0-926494-36-8
5179:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5162:3-8228-0271-9
5159:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5126:
5120:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5082:
5080:0-415-26709-9
5076:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5027:
5020:
5014:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4972:3-8290-2657-9
4969:
4965:
4959:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4922:
4918:
4917:Helen Gardner
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4900:
4899:0-00-632435-5
4896:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4879:0-7064-0857-8
4876:
4872:
4869:Ilan Rachum,
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4824:
4818:
4811:
4810:0-7506-2267-9
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4686:
4680:
4673:
4667:
4660:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4591:
4586:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4535:Charles Barry
4532:
4526:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4439:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4359:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4126:Baroque style
4123:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4084:Pedro Machuca
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:(1563–1584),
4030:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3997:Austrat manor
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:Kalmar Castle
3959:
3955:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3869:, called the
3868:
3867:Russian Tsars
3864:
3861:
3860:Kremlin walls
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:buildings of
3772:
3768:
3757:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3681:Filippo Terzi
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3595:Lesser Poland
3592:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3548:
3545:Courtyard of
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:Hans Krumpper
3370:
3366:
3362:
3361:Benedikt Rejt
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:Fugger Houses
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:Aschaffenburg
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:Queen's House
3125:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:Low countries
3095:
3091:
3087:
3076:
3070:
3069:Prodigy house
3066:
3058:
3057:Hardwick Hall
3054:
3053:prodigy house
3049:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:Giovanni Cini
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:Baltic States
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2736:Baltic States
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:Villa Cornaro
2540:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2439:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2342:Helen Gardner
2339:
2335:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:Giulio Romano
2262:Giulio Romano
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:Baroque style
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:Giulio Romano
2184:
2180:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:. His uncle,
2101:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2039:picture above
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1577:
1569:
1566:Courtyard of
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1517:Villa Rotonda
1514:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1418:18th century.
1417:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:, arches and
1375:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:Mauro Codussi
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1038:in Rome, the
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
986:
982:
972:
970:
965:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
928:
926:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
760:
758:
753:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
728:Architectural
722:
717:
713:
711:
707:
703:
696:
681:
679:
675:
671:
670:Giulio Romano
667:
658:
657:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
625:
611:
608:
607:
606:
604:
603:Roman temples
600:
596:
581:
578:
577:
576:
575:(1377–1446).
574:
570:
566:
561:
560:Quattrocento,
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
529:
524:
515:
507:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:
471:, whose book
470:
466:
461:
459:
458:
453:
449:
438:
435:
427:
417:
413:
409:
403:
402:
398:
393:This section
391:
387:
382:
381:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
327:
323:
322:
317:
316:Low Countries
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
262:
261:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
191:
190:
186:
182:
181:
175:
171:
170:
167:
164:
163:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:ancient Greek
74:
67:
63:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
19:
7748:12th century
7341:Architecture
7340:
7203:Mesoamerican
7150:Contemporary
7128:2000–present
7119:Neo-futurism
7099:Blobitecture
6926:Modern Style
6842:Neoclassical
6623:
6590:Indo-Islamic
6565:Great Seljuk
6550:Vijayanagara
6444:East Slavic
6358:Mesopotamian
6258:Online books
6248:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6127:
6120:
6099:
6085:
6078:
6064:
6050:
6033:
6026:
6012:
5998:
5984:
5973:, Konemann,
5970:
5956:
5942:
5929:Michelangelo
5928:
5924:, Toruń 1962
5921:
5904:
5894:
5888:Brunelleschi
5887:
5880:
5873:
5859:
5852:
5835:
5817:
5810:Bibliography
5797:24 September
5795:. Retrieved
5786:
5777:
5767:24 September
5765:. Retrieved
5756:
5746:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5693:
5686:
5676:24 September
5674:. Retrieved
5665:
5656:
5648:
5643:
5633:24 September
5631:. Retrieved
5622:
5612:
5602:24 September
5600:. Retrieved
5592:ibolivia.org
5591:
5568:, retrieved
5558:
5548:
5536:. Retrieved
5527:
5518:
5513:, Toruń 1962
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5487:
5475:. Retrieved
5466:
5457:
5438:
5423:
5418:
5410:the original
5400:
5388:. Retrieved
5368:
5361:
5342:
5337:
5318:
5312:
5293:
5287:
5268:
5262:
5243:
5237:
5218:
5212:
5196:
5173:
5168:
5153:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5125:Michelangelo
5124:
5119:
5107:. Retrieved
5098:
5089:
5070:
5064:
5056:
5031:
5026:
5019:Brunelleschi
5018:
5013:
5005:
4983:
4978:
4963:
4958:
4946:. Retrieved
4937:
4928:
4920:
4890:
4885:
4870:
4842:
4822:
4817:
4801:
4736:
4731:
4720:, retrieved
4708:
4692:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4666:
4658:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4629:. Retrieved
4602:
4567:
4556:
4525:
4510:
4494:
4484:
4463:
4458:. See below.
4450:
4438:
4426:
4418:
4413:
4404:
4391:
4330:
4311:
4300:
4278:
4252:
4234:
4216:
4179:
4153:
4117:
4111:
4052:a candelieri
4051:
4047:
4044:silversmiths
4037:
4029:The Escorial
4009:
3970:
3951:
3931:Christian IV
3927:Frederick II
3924:
3917:
3886:Aleviz Novyi
3883:
3852:Terem Palace
3849:
3798:
3736:
3730:
3696:
3623:
3584:
3576:Wawel Castle
3558:, including
3552:
3547:Wawel Castle
3503:
3493:
3490:In Amsterdam
3450:
3420:Tamás Bakócz
3388:
3294:
3212:
3174:Loire Valley
3163:
3121:
3072:
3059:(1590–1597).
3051:Elizabethan
3005:
2968:
2928:
2915:Roman Empire
2912:
2897:
2833:
2809:
2804:Fat Margaret
2802:
2799:Arent Passer
2792:
2788:Livonian War
2765:
2730:Architectura
2729:
2728:, author of
2711:
2676:
2645:
2626:
2614:
2590:
2586:
2551:
2532:
2515:
2483:
2449:
2436:
2410:
2401:
2393:Brunelleschi
2378:
2357:
2349:roof lantern
2346:
2331:
2314:
2300:
2297:Michelangelo
2290:
2265:
2237:
2219:
2183:Michelangelo
2178:
2177:
2139:
2115:
2112:
2094:
2084:Michelangelo
2062:Michelangelo
2043:
2024:
2004:baptisteries
1997:
1971:
1958:Michelangelo
1938:
1916:
1905:
1885:
1865:
1862:, the façade
1844:
1835:
1822:
1784:
1760:
1737:
1725:
1708:The dome of
1695:
1684:
1673:
1670:in Florence.
1659:
1650:Brunelleschi
1633:
1618:
1599:, as at the
1586:
1573:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1505:
1482:barrel vault
1479:
1466:
1457:Old Sacristy
1453:entablatures
1426:
1415:
1394:
1378:entablatures
1364:
1327:
1310:
1274:
1250:San Zaccaria
1244:
1212:, under the
1207:
1203:Borso d'Este
1189:, under the
1185:
1169:Ducal Palace
1159:
1140:
1137:
1108:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1055:
1017:
989:
978:
966:
962:
950:. Fresco by
909:
877:
861:. Fresco by
813:
785:
766:
754:
743:
731:
704:grew out of
698:
666:Michelangelo
662:
652:
641:Michelangelo
630:
592:
559:
557:
545:Quattrocento
539:
527:
522:
520:
495:"all'antica"
494:
490:
482:
472:
462:
455:
447:
445:
430:
421:
406:Please help
394:
200:Architecture
199:
178:
105:
72:
71:
26:
7755:Reenactment
7738:Carolingian
7371:Plateresque
7293:Renaissance
7277:Renaissance
7063:PWA Moderne
6949:Rationalism
6911:Art Nouveau
6899:Territorial
6879:Renaissance
6863:Queen Anne
6736:Elizabethan
6629:Plateresque
6624:Renaissance
6607:Sondergotik
6502:Carolingian
6448:Kievan Rus'
6212:71:488–523.
6130:, Taschen,
5716:(1): 1–18.
5570:26 December
5477:20 February
5156:, Taschen,
4948:20 February
4722:27 December
4631:22 November
4531:Reform Club
4515:John Ruskin
4433:, 1725–1826
4341:Eclecticism
4223:Plateresque
4108:El Escorial
4056:Diego Siloe
4040:Plateresque
3977:Black Death
3954:Gustav Vasa
3896:Scandinavia
3875:Marco Ruffo
3765:–1534) and
3763: 1528
3752: 1530
3718:Belém Tower
3710: 1490
3572:Bona Sforza
3508:Dutch gable
3405:arrived at
3187:) in which
3185: 1495
3124:Inigo Jones
3102:Dutch gable
3094:Elizabeth I
3082: 1501
2703:Inigo Jones
2681:in France,
2622:Restoration
2535:Villa Capra
2445: 1533
2353:giant order
2338:Greek-cross
2328:St. Peter's
1767:Latin cross
1751:San Lorenzo
1630:Quatrocento
1291:, built by
1228:was built.
1003:Medici Bank
959:Philosophic
792:Papal court
678:Philippines
645:giant order
631:During the
565:Middle Ages
558:During the
535: 1525
528:Renaissance
166:Renaissance
154:buildings.
44:, 1502, by
7770:Categories
7712:Structures
7518:Technology
7494:Philosophy
7457:Literature
7376:Portuguese
7220:Portuguese
7094:Postmodern
7043:Organicism
6931:Modernisme
6916:Jugendstil
6775:Revivalism
6763:Industrial
6746:Portuguese
6520:Romanesque
6415:Achaemenid
5941:J.R.Hale,
5937:0714832960
5753:"Historia"
5253:9949407184
4889:J.R.Hale,
4709:Thresholds
4581:References
4235:The large
3863:and towers
3724:, and the
3611:Sandomierz
3599:Cloth Hall
3488:Westerkerk
3369:Elias Holl
3305:St Michael
2707:Elias Holl
2275:Palazzo Te
2255:Palazzo Te
2162:tabernacle
2012:terracotta
1898:Façade of
1781:Michelozzo
1640:Michelozzo
1597:rusticated
1570:, Florence
1441:Corinthian
1386:Rossellino
1352:Façade of
1134:, Lombardy
1018:As in the
810:Commercial
710:Golden Age
706:Romanesque
250:Technology
240:Philosophy
225:Literature
112:proportion
7707:Humanists
7697:Composers
7538:By region
7418:Sculpture
7366:Palladian
7308:Mannerism
7181:Dravidian
7140:Neomodern
7104:High-tech
7084:Brutalism
7077:1950–2000
7021:Stalinist
6954:Mycenaean
6942:1900–1950
6780:Byzantine
6756:Ukrainian
6741:Naryshkin
6706:Edwardian
6679:1750–1900
6650:Palladian
6645:Manueline
6638:1500–1750
6513:1000–1500
6453:Muscovite
6440:Byzantine
6388:Classical
6376:Mycenaean
6353:Neolithic
6182:Routledge
5738:163244523
5538:5 January
5452:(1506–08)
5390:19 August
4607:Stuttgart
4345:Modernism
4339:, and to
4255:New Spain
4241:Mannerist
4160:Mannerist
4122:Philip II
4096:Mannerism
4064:Andalusia
4001:Trondheim
3993:Hardanger
3939:Helsingør
3914:(1602–20)
3703:Manueline
3653:sgraffito
3638:mannerist
3591:Pomerania
3587:Mannerist
3513:strapwork
3504:trapgevel
3333:Stralsund
3329:Hanseatic
3285:Helmstedt
3271:Helmstedt
3243:City Hall
3193:Francis I
3160:(1519–39)
3132:Greenwich
3109:strapwork
3039:in 2001.
3010:pilasters
2935:Mannerism
2924:sgraffito
2835:Lithuania
2812:Mannerism
2776:Lithuania
2608:style to
2541:. At the
2527:peristyle
2519:Colosseum
2499:, in the
2312:in Rome.
2179:Mannerism
2168:Mannerism
2122:Colosseum
2027:Tempietto
1902:, 1456–70
1810:Dubrovnik
1605:lime wash
1576:Palladian
1553:pediments
1449:pilasters
1445:Composite
1405:pilasters
1374:pilasters
1167:with the
1103:In 1570,
1078:Vitruvius
1014:Patronage
892:Christian
874:Religious
800:Julius II
763:Political
750:Rayonnant
653:Mannerism
633:Mannerist
610:Mannerism
448:rinascita
424:June 2021
395:does not
210:Fine arts
148:aediculae
132:pilasters
7743:Ottonian
7663:Portugal
7647:Scotland
7565:Lombardy
7560:Florence
7484:Medicine
7435:Humanism
7391:Venetian
7334:By field
7193:Japanese
7171:Colonial
7159:Regional
7109:Arcology
7048:Art Deco
7038:Futurism
6981:De Stijl
6884:Romanian
6802:Egyptian
6797:Colonial
6751:Siberian
6561:Islamic
6530:Ottonian
6525:Galician
6435:Sasanian
6403:Herodian
6383:Etruscan
5860:Bramante
5791:Archived
5761:Archived
5730:25615385
5670:Archived
5627:Archived
5596:Archived
5564:archived
5532:Archived
5471:Archived
5446:Archived
5384:Archived
5103:Archived
4942:Archived
4713:archived
4685:Bramante
4625:Archived
4546:Archived
4502:and the
4355:See also
4048:Plateros
3947:Hillerød
3801:Ivan III
3743:and the
3733:John III
3699:Portugal
3677:Portugal
3659:Portugal
3556:Florence
3453:painting
3411:Visegrád
3345:Lüneburg
3265:and the
3251:Augsburg
3115:such as
2983:Dalmatia
2981:, while
2975:Slavonia
2786:and the
2752:, Latvia
2714:engraved
2670:and the
2656:Portugal
2577:Keystone
2521:and the
2460:pediment
2414:brackets
2334:Bramante
2279:grottoes
2257:, Mantua
2149:Perugino
2091:Sangallo
1968:Bramante
1954:Leonardo
1941:Bramante
1841:Humanist
1733:Pantheon
1609:frescoes
1529:coffered
1523:Ceilings
1370:pediment
1343:Palladio
1214:Visconti
1181:Dalmatia
1058:Printing
1007:Pontormo
969:humanism
925:Signoria
769:Florence
460:, 1550.
306:Scotland
296:Portugal
220:Humanism
152:medieval
116:geometry
108:symmetry
97:Florence
7721:Related
7702:Figures
7620:Germany
7610:England
7528:Warfare
7523:Theatre
7506:Science
7472:Spanish
7386:Spanish
7285:General
7230:Spanish
7225:Russian
7166:Chinese
6986:Bauhaus
6889:Russian
6867:Britain
6849:Moorish
6832:Baroque
6822:Mission
6768:British
6731:Petrine
6726:Maltese
6721:Italian
6711:English
6686:Baroque
6585:Ottoman
6580:Timurid
6545:Hoysala
6541:Indian
6480:Fatimid
6475:Abbasid
6470:Moorish
6465:Umayyad
6460:Islamic
6367:Aegean
5109:30 July
4257:is the
4229:Ecuador
4148:Bolivia
4110:. This
4104:Granada
4076:Castile
3842:of the
3838:on the
3819:in the
3799:Prince
3722:loggias
3705:style (
3626:Jesuits
3379:Hungary
3297:Cologne
3203:Germany
3106:Flemish
3043:England
3030:trefoil
2999:Šibenik
2971:Croatia
2964:Šibenik
2941:Croatia
2904:Moravia
2873:Bohemia
2768:Estonia
2660:England
2547:ordered
2497:Vicenza
2244:portico
2216:Peruzzi
2153:Perugia
2141:Raphael
2136:Raphael
2108:Raphael
1962:Raphael
1950:cupolas
1910:and at
1832:Alberti
1775:octagon
1615:Details
1547:Windows
1397:cornice
1388:) with
1366:Façades
1187:Ferrara
1163:was an
1147:Gonzaga
1040:Sforzas
1036:Farnese
1032:Gonzaga
897:Baroque
884:Avignon
865:in the
836:England
684:History
416:removed
401:sources
281:Germany
271:England
263:Regions
255:Warfare
245:Science
192:Aspects
185:Raphael
136:lintels
128:columns
99:, with
7642:Poland
7625:Saxony
7615:France
7592:Venice
7587:Urbino
7582:Sicily
7575:Papacy
7467:French
7440:France
7381:Purism
7356:French
7235:Somali
7215:Newari
7198:Korean
7176:Indian
7068:Googie
6974:Cubism
6959:Modern
6859:Pueblo
6837:Rococo
6807:Gothic
6716:French
6691:Andean
6665:Mughal
6602:Gothic
6575:Mamluk
6535:Norman
6371:Minoan
6246:about
6134:
6106:
6092:
6071:
6057:
6040:
6019:
6005:
5991:
5977:
5963:
5949:
5935:
5911:
5866:
5855:, 1990
5844:
5824:
5736:
5728:
5430:
5376:
5349:
5325:
5300:
5275:
5250:
5225:
5203:
5180:
5160:
5077:
4970:
4897:
4877:
4808:
4617:
4611:London
4479:style.
4335:), to
4333:Rococo
4291:Legacy
4247:Mexico
4174:Brazil
4080:Purism
4066:, and
4058:, and
4046:, the
4033:Madrid
3985:Bergen
3973:Norway
3805:Russia
3785:Russia
3771:Lisbon
3642:UNESCO
3607:Tarnów
3603:Kraków
3535:, and
3523:Poland
3451:As in
3413:. The
3403:masons
3341:Lübeck
3337:Wismar
3309:Munich
3281:Juleum
3267:Juleum
3241:, the
3142:France
3104:, and
3034:UNESCO
3018:joints
2993:. The
2892:Prague
2853:. The
2839:Poland
2816:Gothic
2772:Latvia
2689:, and
2687:Russia
2668:Russia
2664:Poland
2648:France
2501:Veneto
2385:Medici
2145:Urbino
1977:Urbino
1919:ocular
1877:Rimini
1790:Medici
1593:quoins
1589:ashlar
1476:Vaults
1463:Arches
1451:, and
1429:Tuscan
1361:Façade
1240:Venice
1224:, the
1222:Sforza
1216:, the
1161:Urbino
1143:Mantua
1115:Venice
1028:Medici
1024:Athens
844:Medici
816:Venice
781:France
773:Venice
702:Gothic
291:Poland
276:France
144:niches
7689:Lists
7668:Spain
7630:Weser
7489:Music
7479:Magic
7462:Dutch
7452:Latin
7430:Dance
7346:Brick
7186:Hindu
6904:Tudor
6812:Mayan
6701:Dutch
6696:Czech
6619:Aztec
6614:Incan
5734:S2CID
5726:JSTOR
4716:(PDF)
4705:(PDF)
4383:Notes
4014:Spain
3999:near
3673:Tomar
3353:Stade
3195:(See
3170:booty
3022:slots
2652:Spain
2225:Siena
1985:Milan
1583:Walls
1540:Doors
1535:Doors
1488:Domes
1437:Ionic
1433:Doric
1210:Milan
1179:from
975:Civil
882:from
832:Turin
828:Milan
824:Genoa
777:Milan
301:Spain
286:Italy
235:Music
230:Magic
205:Dance
140:domes
81:Roman
7570:Rome
7208:Maya
7016:Nazi
6670:Sikh
6132:ISBN
6104:ISBN
6090:ISBN
6069:ISBN
6055:ISBN
6038:ISBN
6017:ISBN
6003:ISBN
5989:ISBN
5975:ISBN
5961:ISBN
5947:ISBN
5933:ISBN
5909:ISBN
5864:ISBN
5842:ISBN
5830:Sir
5822:ISBN
5799:2019
5769:2019
5678:2019
5635:2019
5604:2019
5572:2019
5540:2019
5479:2023
5428:ISBN
5392:2015
5374:ISBN
5347:ISBN
5323:ISBN
5298:ISBN
5273:ISBN
5248:ISBN
5223:ISBN
5201:ISBN
5178:ISBN
5158:ISBN
5111:2022
5075:ISBN
4968:ISBN
4950:2023
4895:ISBN
4875:ISBN
4806:ISBN
4724:2010
4633:2022
4615:ISBN
4609:and
4498:The
4417:The
4273:Peru
4265:and
4217:The
4204:Lima
4106:and
4090:and
4070:and
3964:and
3941:and
3877:and
3834:The
3793:and
3691:and
3628:and
3609:and
3562:and
3407:Buda
3397:and
3371:and
3351:and
3253:and
3245:and
3217:and
3067:and
3020:and
3014:ribs
3012:and
2949:and
2865:and
2849:and
2824:Riga
2774:and
2760:and
2750:Riga
2744:The
2666:and
2654:and
2553:the
2473:nave
2193:and
2082:and
2076:Rome
2008:drum
1960:and
1642:and
1468:the
1443:and
1324:Plan
1311:The
1256:and
1201:for
1197:and
1191:Este
1153:and
946:and
888:Rome
840:Pisa
830:and
771:and
737:and
672:and
399:any
397:cite
146:and
134:and
91:and
79:and
66:Rome
60:The
42:Rome
7398:Art
6345:BCE
5718:doi
4202:in
4116:or
4102:in
4074:in
4062:in
3991:in
3983:in
3945:in
3937:in
3739:of
3601:in
3506:or
3307:in
3283:in
3269:in
3249:in
3233:in
3199:).
3130:at
2997:in
2890:in
2748:in
2685:in
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2440:, (
2421:".
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2018:on
1875:in
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1080:'s
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5712:.
5668:.
5664:.
5621:.
5590:.
5579:^
5556:,
5526:.
5469:.
5465:.
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3960:,
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3749:c.
3707:c.
3675:,
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3636:,
3621:.
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