Regenerative agriculture

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productivity. Tillage, in conjunction with additions of inorganic fertilizer, also destroys soil microbial communities, reducing production of organic nutrients in soil. In contrast, use of organic fertilizer will significantly increase the organic matter in the soil. Practices that restore organic matter may be used to increase the total nutrient load of soil. For example, regenerative management of ruminant livestock in mixed-crop and grazing agroecosystems has been shown to improve soil nutrient cycling by encouraging the consumption and decomposition of residual crop biomass and promoting the recovery of nitrogen-fixing plant species. Regenerative crop management practices, namely the use of crop rotation to ensure permanent ground cover, have the potential to increase soil fertility and nutrient levels if nitrogen-fixing crops are included in the rotation. Crop rotation and rotational grazing also allow the nutrients in soil to recover between growing and grazing periods, thus further enhancing overall nutrient load and cycling.

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desertification”. Savory has faced criticisms for claiming the carbon sequestration potential of holistic grazing is immune from empirical scientific study. For instance, in 2000, Savory said that "the scientific method never discovers anything" and “the scientific method protects us from cranks like me". A 2017 factsheet authored by Savory stated that “Every study of holistic planned grazing that has been done has provided results that are rejected by range scientists because there was no replication!". TABLE Debates sums this up by saying "Savory argues that standardisation, replication, and therefore experimental testing of HPG as a whole (rather than just the grazing system associated with it) is not possible, and that therefore, it is incapable of study by experimental science", but "he does not explain how HPG can make causal knowledge claims with regards to combating desertification and climate mitigation, without recourse to science demonstrating such connections."

738:, sequestering approximately 1.2 Pg-C y. Over the next 25–50 years, the cumulative sequestration potential is 30-60 Pg-C. Additions of organic manures and compost further build soil organic carbon, thus contributing to carbon sequestration potential. However, a study by the Food and Climate Research Network in 2017 estimates that, on the basis of meta-study of the scientific literature, the total global soil carbon sequestration potential from grazing management ranges from 0.3-0.8 Gt CO2eq per year, which is equivalent to offsetting a maximum of 4-11% of current total global livestock emissions, and that “Expansion or intensification in the grazing sector as an approach to sequestering more carbon would lead to substantial increases in methane, nitrous oxide and land use change-induced CO2 emissions”, leading to an overall increase in emissions. Consistent with this, Project Drawdown (referenced in the film 771:

but under conventional agricultural systems, such control is lost and requires increasing levels of external, anthropogenic input. By contrast, regenerative agriculture practices including polycultures, mixed crop rotation, cover cropping, organic soil management, and low- or no-tillage methods have been shown to increase overall species diversity while reducing pest population densities. Additionally, practices that favor organic over inorganic inputs aid in restoring below-ground biodiversity by enhancing the functioning of soil microbial communities. A survey of organic and conventional farms in Europe found that on the whole, species across several taxa were higher in richness and/or abundance on organic farms compared to conventional ones, especially species whose populations have been demonstrably harmed as a direct result of conventional agriculture.

343:'s Commodity Credit Corporations to incentivise farmers to adopt sustainable practices. Vilsack stated in the hearing, "It is a great tool for us to create the kind of structure that will inform future farm bills about what will encourage carbon sequestration, what will encourage precision agriculture, what will encourage soil health and regenerative agricultural practices." After this announcement from the Biden administration, several national and international corporations announced initiatives into regenerative agriculture. During the House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture's first hearing on climate change, Gabe Brown, a proponent of regenerative agriculture, testified about the role of regenerative agriculture in both the economics and sustainability of farming. 730:

2021 peer-reviewed paper found that sparsely grazed and natural grasslands account for 80% of the total cumulative carbon sink of the world’s grasslands, whereas managed grasslands (i.e. with greater livestock density) have been a net greenhouse gas source over the past decade. A 2011 study found that multi-paddock grazing of the type endorsed by Savory resulted in more soil carbon sequestration than heavy continuous grazing, but very slightly less soil carbon sequestration than "graze exclosure" (excluding grazing livestock from land). Another peer-reviewed paper found that if current pastureland was restored to its former state as wild grasslands, shrublands, and sparse savannas without livestock this could store an estimated 15.2 - 59.9 Gt additional carbon.

389:. According to the report, regenerative agriculture is already implemented on 15% of all cropland. Despite this, the rate of transition is "far too slow" and must be tripled by the year 2030 to prevent the global temperature passing the threshold of 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels. Agricultural practices must immediately change in order to avoid the damage that would result. One of the authors emphasised that “The interconnection between human health and planetary health is more evident than ever before.” The authors proposed a set of measures for accelerating the transition, like creating metrics for measuring how much farming is sustainable, and paying farmers who will change their farming practices to more sustainable ones. 232: 822:

Searchinger and Janet Ranganathan say, "preserving the huge, existing reservoirs of vegetative and soil carbon in the world’s remaining forests and woody savannas by boosting productivity on existing agricultural land (a land sparing strategy) is the largest, potential climate mitigation prize of regenerative and other agricultural practices. Realizing these benefits requires implementing practices in ways that boost productivity and then linking those gains to governance and finance to protect natural ecosystems. In short, produce, protect and prosper are the most important opportunities for agriculture."

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that had previously been decimated by continuous grazing practices. Furthermore, studies of arid and semiarid regions of the world where regenerative grazing has been practiced for a long time following prior periods of continuous grazing have shown a recovery of biodiversity, grass species, and pollinator species. Furthermore, crop diversification ensures that the agroecosystem remains productive when facing lower levels of soil fertility. Higher levels of plant diversity led to increases in numerous factors that contribute to soil fertility, such as soil N, K, Ca, Mg, and C, in CEC and in soil pH.

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over 2 kilometers of Mulloon Creek. A study indicates that the outcomes were positive but relatively unpredictable, and that suitability of ground conditions on site was a key for success. Bottom-up change in the context of Australian regenerative agriculture is a complex set of narratives and barriers to change affecting farmers. A West Australian government funded survey of land hydration was conducted by the Mulloon Institute in June 2022, which concluded that water retention projects supported the regeneration of native plant species.

150: 175: 20: 134: 818:, the actual rate at which improved grazing management could contribute to carbon sequestration is seven times lower than the claims made by Savory. The study concludes that holistic management cannot reverse climate change. A study by the Food and Climate Research Network in 2017 concluded that Savory's claims about carbon sequestration are "unrealistic" and very different from those issued by peer-reviewed studies. 798:"it is not possible to increase productivity, increase numbers of cattle and store carbon using any grazing strategy, never-mind Holistic Management Long term studies on the effect of grazing on soil carbon storage have been done before, and the results are not promising. Because of the complex nature of carbon storage in soils, increasing global temperature, risk of 269:

published on the subject in 2016. However, researchers at Wageningen University in the Netherlands found there to be no consistent definition of what people referencing "regenerative agriculture" meant. They also found that most of the work around this topic were instead the authors' attempt at shaping what regenerative agriculture meant.

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represent 13.7% of anthropogenic emissions, or 1.86 Pg-C y. The raising of ruminant livestock also contributes GHGs, representing 11.6% of anthropogenic emissions, or 1.58 Pg-C y. Furthermore, runoff and siltation of water bodies associated with conventional farming practices promote eutrophication and emissions of methane.

742:) estimates the total carbon sequestration potential of improved managed grazing at 13.72 - 20.92 Gigatons CO2eq between 2020–2050, equal to 0.46-0.70 Gt CO2eq per year. A 2022 peer-reviewed paper estimated the carbon sequestration potential of improved grazing management at a similar level of 0.15-0.70 Gt CO2eq per year. 243:. Cunningham defined restorative agriculture as a technique that rebuilds the quantity and quality of topsoil, while also restoring local biodiversity (especially native pollinators) and watershed function. Restorative agriculture was one of the eight sectors of restorative development industries/disciplines in 419:, which was one of the first organization to use the term "Regenerative Agriculture". The principles they've outlined include building soil health and fertility, increase water percolation and retention, increasing biodiversity and ecosystem health, and reducing carbon emissions and current atmospheric CO 774:

AMP grazing can help improve biodiversity since increased soil organic carbon stocks also promotes a diversity of soil microbial communities. Implementation of AMP in North American prairies, for example, has been correlated with an increase in forage productivity and the restoration of plant species

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Conventional agricultural practices are generally understood to simplify agroecosystems through introduction of monocultures and eradication of diversity in soil microbial communities through chemical fertilization. In natural ecosystems, biodiversity serves to regulate ecosystem function internally,

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created a database of 279 published research articles on regenerative agriculture. Their analysis of this database found that people using the term regenerative agriculture were using different principles to guide regenerative agriculture efforts. The 4 most consistent principles were found to be, 1)

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There is mixed evidence on the carbon sequestration potential of regenerative grazing. A meta-analysis of relevant studies between 1972 and 2016 found that Holistic Planned Grazing had no better effect than continuous grazing on plant cover and biomass, although it may have benefited some areas with

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Indigenous cultures have long been privy to the innate knowledge of many of regenerative agriculture's techniques. These practices have existed for centuries, but the term itself has only been around for some decades, and as of late, has increasingly showed up in academic research since the early to

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Tim Searchinger and Janet Ranganathan have expressed concerns about emphasis upon "Practices That Increase Soil Carbon at the Field Level" because "overestimating potential soil carbon gains could undermine efforts to advance effective climate mitigation in the agriculture sector." Instead Tim

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There is a less developed evidence base comparing regenerative grazing with the absence of livestock on grasslands. Several peer-reviewed studies have found that excluding livestock completely from semi-arid grasslands can lead to significant recovery of vegetation and soil carbon sequestration. A

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In 2011, the (not for profit) Mulloon Institute was founded in New South Wales, Australia, to develop and promote regenerative practices to reclaim land as water-retentive areas by slowing the loss of water from land. The members of the Institute created a 22-weir in-stream project with neighbours

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However, the institute stopped using the term in the late 1980s, and it only appeared sporadically (in 2005 and 2008), until they released a white paper in 2014, titled "Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change". The paper's summary states, "we could sequester more than 100% of current

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was one of the first to publicize the term to a broader audience. Today the group runs a series of media, farmland, education, and policy programs to raise awareness around soil health and support farmers who aim to transition from conventional to regenerative land management practices. The film

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to the atmosphere since the industrial revolution have come from the degradation of soil organic matter and that 30–75% of global soil organic matter has been lost since the advent of tillage-based farming. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with conventional soil and cropping activities

705:, mixed crop rotation, cover cropping, and the application of compost and manure have the potential to reverse this trend. No-till farming reintroduces carbon back into the soil as crop residues are pressed down when seeding. Some studies suggest that adoption of no-till practices could triple 455:

in our food systems that supports regenerative ecological practices. Loring argues that, depending on the relative flexibility of people in the food system with respect to the foods they eat and the overall diversity of foods being produced and harvested, food systems can fall into one of four

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gave a TED talk on fighting and reversing climate change in 2013. He also launched The Savory Institute, which educates ranchers on methods of holistic land management. Abe Collins created LandStream to monitor ecosystem performance in regenerative agriculture farms. Eric Toensmeier had a book

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The total carbon sequestration potential of regenerative grazing has been debated between advocates and critics. One study suggests that total conversion of livestock raising to AMP grazing practices coupled with conservation cropping has the potential to convert North American farmlands to a

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announced an effort to promote regenerative agriculture practices in their supply chain. The farming practices have received criticism from academic and government experiments on sustainability in farming. In particular, Gunsmoke Farm partnered with General Mills to transition to regenerative

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Commenting on his TED talk "How to Fight Desertification and Reverse Climate Change", Savory has since denied claiming that holistic grazing can reverse climate change, saying that “I have only used the words address climate change… although I have written and talked about reversing man-made

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Soil organic matter is the primary sink of nutrients necessary for plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, sulfur, and molybdenum. Conventional tillage-based farming promotes rapid erosion and degradation of soil organic matter, depleting soil of plant nutrients and thus lowering

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Regenerative agriculture is based on various agricultural and ecological practices, with a particular emphasis on minimal soil disturbance and the practice of composting. Maynard Murray had similar ideas, using sea minerals. His work led to innovations in no-till practices, such as

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compared to continuous grazing and thus has the potential to mitigate carbon emissions from soil. Another study found that crop rotation and maintenance of permanent cover crops help to reduce soil erosion as well, and in conjunction with AMP grazing, may result in net

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agriculture practices and become a teaching hub for others. Experts from the area have expressed concerns about the farm now doing more harm than good, with agronomist Ruth Beck stating that "Environmental marketing got ahead of what farmers can actually do".

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Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Gasser, Thomas; Smith, Pete; Herrero, Mario; Havlík, Petr; Obersteiner, Michael; Guenet, Bertrand; Goll, Daniel S.; Li, Wei; Naipal, Victoria; Peng, Shushi; Qiu, Chunjing; Tian, Hanqin; Viovy, Nicolas (2021-01-05).

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higher precipitation. However, some studies have found positive impacts compared to conventional grazing. One study found that regenerative grazing management, particularly adaptive multipaddock (AMP) grazing, has been shown to reduce

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There are several individuals, groups, and organizations that have attempted to define what the principles of regenerative agriculture are. In their review of the existing literature on regenerative agriculture, researchers at

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By marching forward under the banner of sustainability we are, in effect, continuing to hamper ourselves by not accepting a challenging enough goal. I am not against the word sustainable, rather I favor regenerative

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began using the term ‘regenerative agriculture’. Rodale Publishing formed the Regenerative Agriculture Association, which began publishing regenerative agriculture books in 1987 and 1988.

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Oliveira Filho, José de Souza; Vieira, Jonas Nunes; Ribeiro da Silva, Eliane Maria; Beserra de Oliveira, José Gerardo; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Brasileiro, Felipe Gomes (2019-07-01).

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announced that by 2030 they will work with the farmers in their supply chain to establish regenerative agriculture practices across their approximately 7 million acres. In 2021,

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Regenerative (high diversity, high flexibility), where ecosystems are able to recycle and replenish used energy to usable forms, such as found in many Indigenous food systems

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Degenerative (High diversity, low flexibility), where people fixate on specific resources and only switch to alternatives once the preferred commodity is exhausted, such as

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with a switch to common and inexpensive organic management practices, which we term 'regenerative organic agriculture.'" The paper described agricultural practices, like

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Loring's typology is based on a principle he calls the Conservation of Change, which states that change must always happen somewhere in ecosystems, and derives from the

370:, announced in 2021 a partnership with Terra Genesis International to create a supply chain for their rubber that comes from sources utilizing regenerative agriculture. 3875:

Nordborg, M. (2016). Holistic management – a critical review of Allan Savory's grazing method. Uppsala: SLU/EPOK – Centre for Organic Food & Farming & Chalmers

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Some members of the scientific community have criticized some of the claims made by proponents of regenerative agriculture as exaggerated and unsupported by evidence.

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enhancing and improving soil health, 2) optimization of resource management, 3) alleviation of climate change, and 4) improvement of water quality and availability.

2136: 693:) from the soil by exposing organic matter to the surface and thus promoting oxidation. It is estimated that roughly a third of the total anthropogenic inputs of CO 3874: 1441:

The survival of civilization depends upon our solving three problems--carbon dioxide, investment money, and population : selected papers of John D. Hamaker

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The group Terra Genesis International, and VF Corporation's partner in their regenerative agriculture initiative, created a set of 4 principles, which include:

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What Prevents the Adoption of Regenerative Agriculture and What Can We Do about It? Lessons and Narratives from a Participatory Modelling Exercise in Australia

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Teague, W. R.; Apfelbaum, S.; Lal, R.; Kreuter, U. P.; Rowntree, J.; Davies, C. A.; Conser, R.; Rasmussen, M.; Hatfield, J.; Wang, T.; Wang, F. (2016-03-01).

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Teague, W. R.; Apfelbaum, S.; Lal, R.; Kreuter, U. P.; Rowntree, J.; Davies, C. A.; Conser, R.; Rasmussen, M.; Hatfield, J.; Wang, T.; Wang, F. (2016-03-01).

3831: 264:. As the term expands in use, many books have been published on the topic and several organizations started to promote regenerative agriculture techniques. 476:

Impoverished (low diversity, high flexibility), where people are willing to be flexible but, because they are living in degraded ecosystems and possibly a

310:" with Per Andreeason, which detailed Haslett Marroquin's early life as a campesino in Guatemala and how these experiences led him to develop regenerative 3745:

The non-peer-reviewed estimates from the Savory Institute are strikingly higher – and, for all the reasons discussed earlier (Section 3.4.3), unrealistic.

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The non-peer-reviewed estimates from the Savory Institute are strikingly higher – and, for all the reasons discussed earlier (Section 3.4.3), unrealistic.

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Newly planted soybean plants are emerging from the residue left behind from a prior wheat harvest. This demonstrates crop rotation and no-till planting.

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The organization The Carbon Underground created a set of principles that have been signed on to by a number of non-profits and corporations including

3033:"Assessing the effects of 17 years of grazing exclusion in degraded semi-arid soils: Evaluation of soil fertility, nutrients pools and stoichiometry" 470:

Coerced (low diversity, low flexibility), where people subsidize prized resources at the expense of the surrounding ecosystem, such as in the Maine

1425: 3781: 3135:"Carbon sequestration and soil restoration potential of grazing lands under exclosure management in a semi-arid environment of northern Ethiopia" 2112: 1931: 790:, claimed in his TED talk that holistic grazing could reduce carbon-dioxide levels to pre-industrial levels in a span of 40 years. According to 126:

from the atmosphere and sequestration. Along with reduction of carbon emissions, carbon sequestration is gaining popularity in agriculture, and

3088:"Restoration of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage and microbial biomass after grazing exclusion in semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia" 2007: 378: 3889:"Further Explanation on the Potential Contribution of Soil Carbon Sequestration on Working Agricultural Lands to Climate Change Mitigation" 493: 1551: 815: 636:, to prevent soil erosion also known as grading banks and, in parts of Australia, commonly known as Purvis banks, after Ron Purvis Jr of 1980: 579:

Home gardens, to mitigate the adverse effect of global food shocks and food price volatilities, also as a strategy to enhance household

1956: 1649: 3266:"Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie" 1574:"Tracing the Evolution of Organic / Sustainable Agriculture (TESA1980) | Alternative Farming Systems Information Center| NAL | USDA" 1237: 58: 3932: 340: 209: 2441: 329: 3201:"Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands" 1521: 1488: 1401: 1375: 1342: 508:

Alternative food networks (AFNs), commonly defined by attributes such as the spatial proximity between farmers and consumers.

1809: 1573: 2209: 1906: 856: 127: 2862:"A global assessment of Holistic Planned Grazing™ compared with season-long, continuous grazing: meta-analysis findings" 2184: 374:

announced in 2021 a $ 1.8 billion investment in regenerative agriculture in an effort to reduce their emissions by 95%.

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Surface water and alluvial groundwater connectivity at Mulloon Creek and the implications for Natural Sequence Farming

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Several large corporations have also announced regenerative agriculture initiatives in the last few years. In 2019,

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content in less than 15 years. Additionally, 1 Pg-C y, representing roughly a fourth to a third of anthropogenic CO

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Not all regenerative systems emphasize ruminants. In 2017, Reginaldo Haslett Marroquin published "In the Shadow of

2595:"Water management in the land of droughts and flooding rains: Lessons from our case studies in low rainfall areas" 2257:

Soloviev, E. and Landua, G. Levels of Regenerative Agriculture. Terra Genesis International, High Falls, NY, 2016.

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from livestock, it is unlikely that Holistic Management, or any management technique, can reverse climate change."

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announced an extensive implementation plan to incorporate regenerative agriculture throughout their supply chain.

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In 2002, Storm Cunningham documented the beginning of what he called "restorative agriculture" in his first book,

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Lasagna gardening: A new Layering System for bountiful gardens: no digging, no tilling, no weeding, no kidding

381:, a report was published, sponsored by some of the biggest agricultural companies. The report was produced by 2565: 1777: 926: 485: 3547: 2814: 3806: 2569: 1121: 3475: 2540: 831: 684: 303:, premiered in 2023 and was the recipient of the 2023 Human/Nature Award at the Tribeca Film Festival. 107:

improves, input requirements may decrease, and crop yields may increase as soils are more resilient to

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Teague, W. R.; Dowhower, S. L.; Baker, S. A.; Haile, N.; DeLaune, P. B.; Conover, D. M. (2011-05-01).

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Sepp Holzer's permaculture : a practical guide to small-scale, integrative farming and gardening

1023:

Schreefel, L.; Schulte, R.P.O.; De Boer, I.J.M.; Schrijver, A. Pas; Van Zanten, H.H.E. (2020-09-01).

464: 119: 3917: 2594: 1186: 846: 614: 439:"Continually grow and evolve individuals, farms, and communities to express their innate potential" 433:"Create context-specific designs and make holistic decisions that express the essence of each farm" 1267:

Bread from stones : a new and rational system of land fertilization and physical regeneration

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suggests that a worldwide transition to regenerative agriculture can soak more than 100% of the CO

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Hole, D.G.; Perkins, A.J.; Wilson, J.D.; Alexander, I.H.; Grice, P.V.; Evans, A.D. (2005-03-01).

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is a regenerative agriculture practice that smothers weeds and adds nutrients to the soil below.

65: 2986:"Biogeochemical and ecological impacts of livestock grazing in semi-arid southeastern Utah, USA" 2541:"benefits and costs of water ponding banks for improved pasture production in Central Australia" 72:

material from non-farm sources. Regenerative agriculture on small farms and gardens is based on

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Hayek, Matthew N.; Harwatt, Helen; Ripple, William J.; Mueller, Nathaniel D. (January 2021).

257: 2062:"PepsiCo announces 2030 goal to scale regenerative farming practices across 7 million acres" 713:

emissions, may be sequestered by converting croplands to no-till systems on a global scale.

3912: 3671: 3606: 3559: 3520: 3425: 3277: 3212: 3146: 3099: 3086:

Wu, Xing; Li, Zongshan; Fu, Bojie; Zhou, Wangming; Liu, Huifeng; Liu, Guohua (2014-12-01).

3044: 2997: 2930: 2873: 2826: 2702: 2651:"» WA pastoralists tour NT stations for rangelands rehydration and rehabilitation insights" 2564: 2478: 2379: 1466: 1036: 746: 723: 559: 416: 187: 31: 2919:"Ecosystem Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation after Grazing Exclusion in Semiarid Grassland" 905: 689:

Conventional agricultural practices such as plowing and tilling release carbon dioxide (CO

8: 1810:

https://www.regenwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-June-LandscapeRehydrationinWA.pdf

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In February 2021, the regenerative agriculture market gained traction after Joe Biden's

3702: 3659: 3635: 3594: 3457: 3414:"Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions" 3340: 3241: 3200: 3175: 3134: 3068: 3030: 2961: 2918: 2899: 2293: 1419: 702: 641: 317:

systems that are now being practiced and expanding in the United States and elsewhere.

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Instead of focusing on the specifics of food production technologies, human ecologist

385:, an organisation of companies trying to become climate friendly, established by King 292: 3849: 3707: 3689: 3640: 3622: 3575: 3461: 3449: 3441: 3344: 3332: 3312: 3293: 3246: 3228: 3180: 3162: 3115: 3072: 3060: 3013: 2966: 2948: 2891: 2842: 2784: 2720: 2519: 2496: 2467:"Home gardens: a promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing" 2395: 2298: 2088:"House Ag Committee hears how agriculture may play role in mitigating climate change" 1865: 1527: 1517: 1494: 1484: 1444: 1407: 1397: 1381: 1371: 1348: 1338: 1314: 1304: 1280: 1270: 1054: 998: 900: 889: 803: 791: 637: 544: 38: 3387: 3133:

Gebregergs, Tsegay; Tessema, Zewdu K.; Solomon, Negasi; Birhane, Emiru (June 2019).

2903: 451:-level focus on regeneration, arguing that it is the combination of flexibility and 3697: 3679: 3630: 3614: 3567: 3528: 3433: 3324: 3285: 3236: 3220: 3170: 3154: 3107: 3056: 3052: 3009: 3005: 2956: 2938: 2881: 2838: 2834: 2774: 2763:"The role of ruminants in reducing agriculture's carbon footprint in North America" 2710: 2545:

AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology

2486: 2391: 2387: 2288: 2280: 1628: 1598: 1044: 988: 977:"The role of ruminants in reducing agriculture's carbon footprint in North America" 718: 477: 174: 149: 54: 3111: 2886: 2861: 2368:"The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas" 3571: 2943: 950:

Underground, The Carbon; Initiative, Regenerative Agriculture; CSU (2017-02-24).

799: 609: 567: 563: 471: 296: 225: 108: 97: 3595:"Soil fertility, crop biodiversity, and farmers' revenues: Evidence from Italy" 3328: 3289: 3224: 2284: 1957:"Biden's climate change strategy looks to pay farmers to curb carbon footprint" 1212:"Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health – The Cornell Framework (Version 3.2)" 1162: 1097: 851: 628: 602: 591: 489: 436:"Ensure and develop just and reciprocal relationships amongst all stakeholders" 359: 355: 168: 89: 3618: 2762: 2008:"Timberland, Vans, The North Face to develop regenerative rubber supply chain" 1531: 1352: 1284: 1211: 1049: 1024: 64:

Regenerative agriculture is not a specific practice. It combines a variety of

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The natural way of farming : the theory and practice of green philosophy

1385: 1262: 1058: 1002: 667: 623: 580: 444: 321: 288: 217: 200: 96:. Large farms are also increasingly adopting regenerative techniques, using " 3684: 3437: 2465:

Galhena, Dilrukshi Hashini; Freed, Russell; Maredia, Karim M. (2013-05-31).

1318: 19: 3758:"New rebuttal to the myth 'Holistic Management can reverse Climate Change'" 3711: 3644: 3453: 3250: 3184: 2970: 2302: 2210:"Big agriculture warns farming must change or risk 'destroying the planet'" 2113:"PepsiCo is scaling up regenerative agriculture on 7 million acres of land" 1794: 866: 841: 787: 662: 646: 633: 619: 529: 452: 430:"Progressively improve whole agroecosystems (soil, water and biodiversity)" 314: 265: 81: 73: 42: 3782:"Holistic management – a critical review of Allan Savory's grazing method" 2779: 2491: 2466: 993: 976: 133: 2917:

Qiu, Liping; Wei, Xiaorong; Zhang, Xingchang; Cheng, Jimin (2013-01-30).

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techniques. Practices include maximal recycling of farm waste and adding

46: 1932:"A Giant Organic Farm Faces Criticism That It's Harming The Environment" 1778:

https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1144&context=thsci

883: 3313:"The carbon opportunity cost of animal-sourced food production on land" 2516:

Regrow Your Veggies: Growing Vegetables from Roots, Cuttings and Scraps

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and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on

3158: 1821: 1238:"18 Organizations Promoting Regenerative Agriculture Around the Globe" 277: 3508: 2161:"Regenerative Agriculture, Coming Soon to a Timberland Shoe Near You" 307: 371: 16:

Conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems

2631:. Dept of Primary Industries and Regional Development. 21 July 2022 2442:"Regenerative Ocean Farming: How Can Polycultures Help Our Coasts?" 1885: 1749: 1335:

Building soils naturally - innovative methods for organic gardeners

1163:"Definition — The Carbon Underground : The Carbon Underground" 351: 137: 112: 3832:"Allan Savory's Holistic Management Theory Falls Short on Science" 1833: 1368:

The one-straw revolution : an introduction to natural farming

2185:"$ 3.5 billion net-zero plan at Nestle gets shareholder approval" 549: 534: 347: 335:

made reference to it during his Senate Confirmation hearing. The

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Landscape Rehydration in Western Australia, A review (June 2022)

1022: 3132: 2317:"The 9 Most Important Techniques In Regenerative Agriculture |" 553: 504:

Practices and principles used in regenerative farming include:

300: 179: 2035:"Unilever Bets (Part of) the Farm on Regenerative Agriculture" 2984:

Fernandez, D. P.; Neff, J. C.; Reynolds, R. L. (2008-05-01).

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One of the prominent proponents of regenerative agriculture,

3807:"RANGE magazine.com, the Cowboy Spirit on America's Outback" 701:

Regenerative agriculture practices such as no-till farming,

3660:"Plant biodiversity and the regeneration of soil fertility" 367: 3545: 2269:"Regenerative Food Systems and the Conservation of Change" 1688:"Web of Science - Please Sign In to Access Web of Science" 586:

Regrowing vegetables, for recycling and sustainable living

61:, and strengthening the health and vitality of farm soil. 3310: 2760: 2137:"How we will grow our ingredients in harmony with nature" 1981:"Agriculture Secretary Confirmation Hearing | C-SPAN.org" 974: 3887:

Searchinger, Tim; Ranganathan, Janet (August 24, 2020).

3593:

Di Falco, Salvatore; Zoupanidou, Elisavet (March 2017).

3263: 1469:, Regenerative Agriculture Association, 1987. 180 pages. 949: 596:

Livestock: well-managed grazing, animal integration and

3509:"The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems" 3886: 2815:"Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change" 1667: 927:"Our Sustainable Future - Regenerative Ag Description" 480:, cannot allow ecosystems and resources to regenerate. 224:

application, and reduced tillage, that are similar to

3197: 2983: 1624:"Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change" 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 1710:

Collins, Abe. "Growing Deep Soil Watersheds" (PDF).

1432: 406: 3477:

Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change

2691:"Is agriculture eroding civilization's foundation?" 2464: 250: 3592: 3412:Bai, Yongfei; Cotrufo, M. Francesca (2022-08-05). 2756: 2754: 1907:"Poultry-centred Regenerative Agriculture Systems" 1365: 1216:Cornell University, Cornell Soil Health Laboratory 1187:"Regenerative Organic Agriculture | ORGANIC INDIA" 299:, was released in 2020. A follow-up documentary, 2795: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2669: 1859: 1025:"Regenerative agriculture – the soil is the base" 543:Borders planted for pollinator habitat and other 3904: 3502: 3500: 3498: 2916: 1550:Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, 1478: 1438: 1392:Fukuoka, Masanobu Metreaud, Frederic P. (1993). 1298: 3664:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3658:Furey, George N.; Tilman, David (2021-12-07). 2731: 2643: 1834:"Kiss the Ground Film | Official Website" 3779: 3495: 2866:African Journal of Range & Forage Science 1511: 1289:Republished by Acres USA, Austin, Texas, 1991 1209: 379:2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference 3727: 3548:"Does organic farming benefit biodiversity?" 3357: 1776:(University of Woollongong Research Online) 1424:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1332: 3735:. Food Climate Research Network. p. 64 3657: 3365:. Food Climate Research Network. p. 64 2513: 1552:United States National Agricultural Library 816:Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 814:According to a 2016 study published by the 130:are taking action to fight climate change. 3411: 3085: 2688: 2446:School of Marine and Environmental Affairs 1725:"Book Review: The Carbon Farming Solution" 3701: 3683: 3634: 3270:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 3240: 3174: 2960: 2942: 2885: 2778: 2714: 2490: 2292: 1954: 1677:. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2002. 340p. 1048: 992: 2621:"Grade banks for managing surface water" 1850:tribecafilm.com/films/common-ground-2023 1795:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/9/1383 673: 230: 173: 148: 132: 18: 3723: 3721: 3513:Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 3506: 2859: 2340: 1235: 685:Carbon sequestration § Agriculture 678: 377:Several days before the opening of the 339:wants to utilize $ 30 billion from the 3905: 3775: 3773: 3771: 2767:Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2514:Raupach, Melissa; Lill, Felix (2020). 2365: 2266: 2229: 2227: 2110: 2056: 2054: 2029: 2027: 2002: 2000: 1463:How to Make $ 100,000 Farming 25 Acres 1261: 981:Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 3728:Garnett, Tara; Godde, Cécile (2017). 3358:Garnett, Tara; Godde, Cécile (2017). 2411: 2409: 2235:"Regenerative Agriculture Definition" 2207: 1860:Haslett Marroquin, Reginaldo (2017). 1618: 1616: 1102:regenerativeagriculturedefinition.com 1092: 1090: 1088: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 3718: 2568:. Dept of Land Resource Management. 2439: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 659:of multiple and inter-crop plantings 492:'s premise in that, in ecosystems, " 276:Founded in 2013, 501(c)3 non-profit 3768: 3351: 2860:Hawkins, Heidi-Jayne (2017-04-03). 2812: 2343:"Regenerative Techniques and Tools" 2224: 2051: 2024: 1997: 1886:"Regenerative Agriculture Alliance" 1822:https://kisstheground.com/about-us/ 1650:"A history of regenerative farming" 1126:Regenerative Agriculture Foundation 952:"What is Regenerative Agriculture?" 857:Farmer-managed natural regeneration 756: 100:" and/or "reduced till" practices. 13: 3829: 2538: 2406: 2309: 2251: 2208:Rushe, Dominic (3 November 2022). 2085: 1789:Kenny, DC; Castilla-Rho, J (2022) 1613: 1594:"A truly regenerative agriculture" 1566: 1538: 1009: 14: 3944: 1179: 1138: 1114: 1065: 877: 407:Notable definitions of principles 3507:Altieri, Miguel A. (June 1999). 3483:. Rodale institute. pp. 2–9 251:Recent developments (since 2010) 3880: 3868: 3823: 3799: 3750: 3651: 3586: 3539: 3468: 3405: 3380: 3304: 3257: 3191: 3126: 3079: 3024: 2977: 2910: 2853: 2629:Government of Western Australia 2613: 2587: 2558: 2532: 2507: 2471:Agriculture & Food Security 2458: 2433: 2417:"Why Regenerative Agriculture?" 2359: 2334: 2260: 2201: 2177: 2153: 2141:Unilever global company website 2129: 2104: 2079: 1973: 1948: 1924: 1899: 1878: 1853: 1844: 1826: 1815: 1800: 1783: 1766: 1742: 1717: 1704: 1680: 1642: 1586: 1505: 1472: 1455: 1359: 1326: 1292: 1255: 1229: 765: 576:& multi-species cover crops 3933:Climate change and agriculture 3057:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.03.006 3010:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009 2839:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.032 2392:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.10.002 1955:Newburger, Emma (2021-02-12). 1203: 968: 943: 919: 383:Sustainable Markets Initiative 1: 3780:TABLE Debates (16 Sep 2016). 3533:10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6 3112:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.077 2887:10.2989/10220119.2017.1358213 2689:Montgomery, David R. (2007). 2566:Northern Territory Government 2440:Carr, Gabriela (2021-03-15). 1729:Ecological Landscape Alliance 1443:. Hamaker-Weaver Publishers. 1210:Moebius-Clune, B. N. (2016). 912: 753:currently emitted by people. 392: 153:Rodale Institute, Test Garden 128:individuals as well as groups 3572:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.018 3037:Journal of Arid Environments 2990:Journal of Arid Environments 2944:10.1371/journal.pone.0055433 2341:Chapman, Glen (2018-08-21). 2273:Agriculture and Human Values 2111:Peters, Adele (2021-04-20). 1516:. Chelsea Green Publishing. 1323:(originally published 1976). 1236:Perroni, Eva (16 May 2018). 778: 598:holistically managed grazing 499: 486:Second Law of Thermodynamics 59:resilience to climate change 7: 2366:Jarosz, Lucy (2008-07-01). 1366:Fukuoka, Masanobu. (2010). 825: 256:mid 2010s in the fields of 111:and harbor fewer pests and 23:Biodiversity of Pune, India 10: 3949: 3329:10.1038/s41893-020-00603-4 3290:10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.009 3225:10.1038/s41467-020-20406-7 2421:Regeneration International 2347:Southern Blue Regenerative 2285:10.1007/s10460-021-10282-2 1911:Regeneration International 1862:In the Shadow of Green Man 1122:"Regenerative Agriculture" 1098:"Regenerative Agriculture" 956:Regeneration International 906:"Regenerative Agriculture" 832:Agroecological restoration 682: 519:Regenerative ocean farming 157: 144: 3893:World Resources Institute 3619:10.1007/s13280-016-0812-7 1812:Retrieved 13 January 2024 1797:Retrieved 13 January 2024 1780:Retrieved 13 January 2024 1479:Lanza, Patricia. (1998). 1439:Hamaker, John D. (1982). 1370:. New York Review Books. 1299:Murray, Maynard. (2003). 1050:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100404 908:. Regeneration.org. 2021. 465:fishing down the food web 118:Regenerative agriculture 2518:. CompanionHouse Books. 2372:Journal of Rural Studies 1692:login.webofknowledge.com 1546:"AFSIC History Timeline" 1167:thecarbonunderground.org 847:Biointensive agriculture 615:Natural sequence farming 358:, the parent company of 330:Secretary of Agriculture 287:, executive produced by 120:mitigates climate change 28:Regenerative agriculture 3685:10.1073/pnas.2111321118 3552:Biological Conservation 3438:10.1126/science.abo2380 2575:. Technical Note No. 11 2267:Loring, Philip (2022). 1793:Land 2022, 11(9), 1383 1772:Hickson, Oliver (2017) 1714:. Retrieved 2019-08-19. 1675:The Restoration Economy 245:The Restoration Economy 241:The Restoration Economy 66:sustainable agriculture 3730:"Grazed and confused?" 3360:"Grazed and confused?" 3092:Ecological Engineering 2813:Lal, R. (2004-11-01). 2239:The Carbon Underground 1512:Holzer, Sepp. (2011). 1301:Sea energy agriculture 1218:(Edition 3.2 ed.) 862:Korean natural farming 808: 570:, and pasture cropping 516:Ecological aquaculture 494:there is no free lunch 236: 205: 183: 154: 141: 124:carbon dioxide removal 24: 3928:Permaculture concepts 3811:www.rangemagazine.com 3317:Nature Sustainability 3205:Nature Communications 3139:Ecology and Evolution 2780:10.2489/jswc.71.2.156 2492:10.1186/2048-7010-2-8 1333:Phil, Nauta. (2012). 1269:. Planet Pub. House. 994:10.2489/jswc.71.2.156 796: 683:Further information: 674:Environmental impacts 400:Wageningen University 260:, plant science, and 258:environmental science 234: 192: 177: 167:in tropical regions. 152: 136: 22: 3388:"Table of Solutions" 2716:10.1130/gsat01710a.1 2625:Agriculture and Food 2165:www.triplepundit.com 2086:Latzke, Jennifer M. 2039:www.triplepundit.com 1838:Kiss the Ground Film 1467:Emmaus, Pennsylvania 1029:Global Food Security 747:the Rodale institute 724:carbon sequestration 679:Carbon sequestration 622:annual cropping and 560:Conservation farming 337:Biden administration 188:the Rodale Institute 186:In the early 1980s, 3676:2021PNAS..11811321F 3670:(49): e2111321118. 3611:2017Ambio..46..162D 3564:2005BCons.122..113H 3525:1999AgEE...74...19A 3430:2022Sci...377..603B 3282:2011AgEE..141..310T 3217:2021NatCo..12..118C 3151:2019EcoEv...9.6468G 3104:2014EcEng..73..395W 3049:2019JArEn.166....1O 3002:2008JArEn..72..777F 2935:2013PLoSO...855433Q 2878:2017AJRFS..34...65H 2831:2004Geode.123....1L 2707:2007GSAT...17j...4M 2483:2013AgFS....2....8G 2384:2008JRurS..24..231J 2092:High Plains Journal 1750:"Mulloon Institute" 1673:Cunningham, Storm. 1461:Whatley, Booker T. 1191:us.organicindia.com 1041:2020GlFS...2600404S 872:Regenerative design 745:A research made by 657:succession planting 556:and thermal compost 415:, Annie's, and the 226:organic agriculture 94:holistic management 86:restoration ecology 3860:has generic name ( 3836:www.sierraclub.org 2066:Successful Farming 703:rotational grazing 642:Northern Territory 592:Keyline subsoiling 545:beneficial insects 456:general patterns: 237: 184: 155: 142: 51:ecosystem services 25: 3762:Skeptical Science 3424:(6606): 603–608. 3159:10.1002/ece3.5223 3145:(11): 6468–6479. 2655:Rangelands NRM WA 1754:Mulloon Institute 1654:www.savills.co.uk 1523:978-1-60358-370-1 1490:978-0-87596-795-0 1403:978-81-85987-00-2 1377:978-1-59017-392-3 1344:978-1-60173-033-6 804:methane emissions 792:Skeptical Science 638:Woodgreen Station 413:Ben & Jerry's 3940: 3897: 3896: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3766: 3765: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3715: 3705: 3687: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3638: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3504: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3482: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3392:Project Drawdown 3384: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3244: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3178: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3028: 3022: 3021: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2964: 2946: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2889: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2810: 2793: 2792: 2782: 2758: 2729: 2728: 2718: 2686: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2494: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2413: 2404: 2403: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2353: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2319:. 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Bookventure. 1378: 1364: 1360: 1345: 1337:. Acres U.S.A. 1331: 1327: 1311: 1303:. Acres U.S.A. 1297: 1293: 1277: 1260: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1234: 1230: 1221: 1219: 1208: 1204: 1195: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1161: 1160: 1139: 1130: 1128: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1106: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1066: 1021: 1010: 973: 969: 960: 958: 948: 944: 935: 933: 925: 924: 920: 915: 885:Kiss the Ground 880: 828: 800:desertification 781: 768: 759: 752: 740:Kiss the Ground 712: 696: 692: 687: 681: 676: 629:Perennial crops 610:Natural farming 568:minimum tillage 564:no-till farming 552:, compost tea, 502: 472:Lobster fishery 422: 409: 395: 297:Woody Harrelson 293:Gisele Bündchen 284:Kiss the Ground 278:Kiss the Ground 253: 213: 204: 199: 165:slash and mulch 160: 147: 109:extreme weather 17: 12: 11: 5: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3899: 3898: 3879: 3867: 3830:Author, This. 3822: 3798: 3767: 3749: 3717: 3650: 3605:(2): 162–172. 3585: 3558:(1): 113–130. 3538: 3519:(1–3): 19–31. 3494: 3467: 3404: 3379: 3350: 3303: 3276:(3): 310–322. 3256: 3190: 3125: 3078: 3023: 2996:(5): 777–791. 2976: 2909: 2852: 2794: 2773:(2): 156–164. 2730: 2668: 2642: 2612: 2601:. 25 June 2020 2599:Soils For Life 2586: 2557: 2531: 2524: 2506: 2457: 2432: 2405: 2378:(3): 231–244. 2358: 2333: 2308: 2279:(2): 701–713. 2259: 2250: 2223: 2212:. The Guardian 2200: 2176: 2152: 2128: 2103: 2078: 2050: 2023: 1996: 1985:www.c-span.org 1972: 1947: 1923: 1898: 1877: 1871:978-1601731388 1870: 1852: 1843: 1825: 1814: 1799: 1782: 1765: 1741: 1716: 1712:Harvard Forest 1703: 1679: 1666: 1641: 1612: 1585: 1565: 1537: 1522: 1504: 1489: 1483:. Emmaus, PA. 1471: 1454: 1431: 1402: 1376: 1358: 1343: 1325: 1309: 1291: 1275: 1263:Hensel, Julius 1254: 1228: 1202: 1178: 1137: 1113: 1064: 1008: 987:(2): 156–164. 967: 942: 917: 916: 914: 911: 910: 909: 903: 892: 879: 878:External links 876: 875: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 852:Carbon farming 849: 844: 839: 834: 827: 824: 780: 777: 767: 764: 758: 755: 750: 710: 694: 690: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 670: 665: 660: 655:and full-time 650: 644: 631: 626: 624:crop rotations 617: 612: 607: 606: 605: 594: 589: 588: 587: 583:and nutrition 577: 571: 557: 554:animal manures 547: 541: 532: 527: 522: 521: 520: 517: 509: 501: 498: 490:Barry Commoner 482: 481: 474: 468: 461: 441: 440: 437: 434: 431: 420: 408: 405: 394: 391: 360:The North Face 356:VF Corporation 252: 249: 211: 197: 169:Sheet mulching 159: 156: 146: 143: 90:keyline design 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3945: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3863: 3851: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3812: 3808: 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