74:. His name suggests that he was not a native Englishman, and perhaps he was German or Norman. He first appears in history as a witness to a royal document in 1050, and remained a royal chaplain and clerk throughout the rest of King Edward's reign. Many royal documents give Regenbald the title of "chancellor"; but whether this means that he acted in a manner similar to the later
144:'s office. Regenbald was probably in charge of Edward's royal clerks and scribes, but his position in the witness lists argues against his holding an actual office, as he is not listed early in the witness lists along with the magnates. He probably performed some of the duties that later were done by the chancellor, but the first chancellor in England is usually held to be
214:
Presumably, he died either during the reign of
William I or during the following reign of William II. Possibly, he was buried at Cirencester, where a stone tomb in the crypt of the Saxon-era church still exists and may be his. After his death, a group of his lands became the basis for the foundation
152:, hold that Regenbald was chancellor, however. Some support for that position is the fact that Domesday Book lists Regenbald as "chancellor". The entire issue of whether Regenbald was a "true" chancellor or not is bound up in the debate amongst medievalists about whether there was a recognisable
132:
of 1086 records him owning at least seven churches, but only two of them have any indication that he performed any ecclesiastical services personally. Another royal reward was the grant to
Regenbald of the status, without the actual office, of a bishop. He probably was unable to be promoted to a
205:
which dealt with the gift of those lands after
Regenbald's death. This charter lists a number of estates as owned by Regenbald that were also listed in Domesday Book as Regenbald's, but there are a few other possessions that did not get recorded in Domesday. The lands listed include lands in
78:
is unclear, as some of the documents may be forgeries or have been tampered with. Whatever
Regenbald's actual title, King Edward rewarded him with lands and also granted him the status, but not the actual office, of bishop. Regenbald continued to serve the English kings after the
206:
Gloucestershire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Northamptonshire, Worcestershire, and Dorset. Domesday lists the value of
Regenbald's lands at £40 per year. His estates totalled about 90 hides, although some of the estates were given to him after the Norman Conquest.
168:. In Regenbald's case, a number of the documents that give him the title "chancellor" either are forgeries or have been altered in the copying process. Others, however, are not easily shown to be spurious.
127:
Regenbald first appears in the historical record in 1050, when he witnesses a charter of King Edward. King Edward gave him large estates as a reward for his service to the king as a royal chaplain. The
171:
Besides his scribal duties, he also served as a royal judge, as he is recorded as passing judgement in a case late in Edward's or early in
William's reign, along with
219:
by King Henry I of
England in 1133. Regenbald's brother held land near him in Cirencester. Regenbald had a son named Edward who also held lands in Gloucester.
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and a Norman. His name was a German or French name, which suggests that
Regenbald was one of the foreigners who gained favour with King Edward the Confessor.
164:, argues that no such office existed prior to the Conquest. Another group argues that there was, and among this group is the historian
771:
198:
in the period after King Edward's death is unknown, as no royal charters and only one royal writ survive from Harold's reign.
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His origins are unknown, but he was probably not a native
Englishman. He may have been German or Norman. The historian
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140:, but this does not necessarily mean that there was an official office known as chancellor similar to the later
172:
194:. His lands and possessions were confirmed by King William after the Norman Conquest. Whether he served King
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In royal charters he is often given the title "royal chancellor", as he is styled in a 1062 charter in Latin
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Domesday People: A Prosopography of
Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Domesday Book
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bishopric, either because he was married or because his style of life was known to be unchaste.
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Regenbald remained at the royal court throughout Edward's reign and into the reign of King
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is unclear. His date of death is unknown, but it was probably during the reign of either
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The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church
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Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society
652:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
95:. After his death, some of his lands became part of the endowment of
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70:) was a priest and royal official in Anglo–Saxon England under King
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Regenbald's lands are recorded in a charter from the reign of King
593:
An Introduction to the Administrative History of Mediaeval England
145:
148:, who held office from around 1069. Some historians, including
692:(1988). "Regenbald the Chancellor". In Brown, R. Allen (ed.).
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Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
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William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England
696:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 185–222.
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23:11th-century Anglo-Saxon royal official and priest
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532:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
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716:The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500–1087
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595:(Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
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123:Service to Edward the Confessor
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650:Handbook of British Chronology
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156:in England prior to the
68:Regenbald of Cirencester
36:Royal chaplain and clerk
16:Not to be confused with
591:Chrimes, S. B. (1966).
694:Anglo-Norman Studies X
576:. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
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49:Possibly Cirencester
507:Keynes "Regenbald"
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185:Cirencester
150:David Bates
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103:Early life
639:21 August
635:: 107–122
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223:Citations
99:in 1133.
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30:Regenbald
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714:(1984).
670:(1999).
611:(1964).
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550:(1979).
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175:, and
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46:Buried
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113:Peter
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