44:
1453:
120:
1473:
1463:
39:
Often, motel owners would organize "referral chains" in which each member lodge would voluntarily meet a set of standards and each property would promote the others. Each property would display the group's name alongside its own; a printed directory of all member locations would generally be freely
235:
Independent hotels traditionally accounted for well over half of the hotels in Europe, unlike North
America where chains have long dominated the market. While the proportion of chain hotels in Europe is constantly on the rise, the survival and indeed fight-back of the independent hotels sector is
70:
Quality Courts was converted to a franchise operation in 1963, ending a long-running cross-promotion in which Best
Western (a western US referral chain) and Quality Courts (originally an eastern US referral chain) were largely marketed together. The brand still exists as franchised
227:
While the function of referral chains may have declined in the USA, it has not done so in Europe. Best
Western have expanded into Europe, where they are competing with European referral chains, more commonly marketing themselves as "brands", such as the expanding
51:
United Motor Courts, founded 1933 by a group of motel owners in the southwestern US, published a guidebook until the early 1950s; those who met its standards advertised its name on their signs and motel postcards. A splinter of this group established
56:(1939, forty motels in the eastern US) because of difficulties in removing existing properties from the large and inclusive United Motor Courts network when they failed to upgrade and modernize.
224:
The one notable survivor of the referral chains, Best
Western, offers the centralized purchasing and reservation systems of a franchise system but nominally remains member-owned.
24:
franchise. It is a type of hotel that operates independently but maintains affiliation with a given chain. To stay within the chain, the hotel must meet certain minimum criteria.
1183:
106:
By 1987, franchise chains controlled 64 percent of the market and independent referral chains were being converted to franchises or disappearing.
32:
The referral chain in lodging began in the early 1930s, promoting the cabins and tourist courts which were the predecessors to the standardised
85:, became a franchise chain in 1985) once enlisted many older, marginal properties; its trademark was eventually sold as a low-end brand to
63:
Other referral chains included "Superior Courts United" (1950, renamed "A Superior Motel" in 1964, last membership renewals 1979) whose
1330:
232:
chain of independently owned hotels (formerly Logis de France), and other chains in France, Britain, Spain and other parts of Europe.
1433:
1401:
1233:
1476:
1396:
229:
67:
logo ("Travel
Superior Courts United Inc. And Be Sure!") graced over 500 motels (mostly on the Atlantic coast) in the mid-1960s.
1178:
1223:
192:
164:
266:
917:
305:
171:
364:
330:
278:
211:
149:
1255:
1438:
1218:
141:
43:
178:
1193:
817:
722:
145:
1279:
1203:
1376:
1350:
160:
1371:
1497:
1428:
1243:
1198:
586:
628:
381:
1466:
1325:
1173:
1150:
1145:
130:
1502:
1411:
1381:
134:
1416:
1248:
1188:
957:
456:
295:
1386:
1284:
581:
357:
185:
1406:
1294:
1260:
912:
759:
742:
414:
8:
1289:
1208:
987:
707:
695:
534:
488:
404:
1335:
1140:
1032:
977:
576:
389:
245:
1309:
1165:
1127:
1092:
1017:
849:
777:
767:
643:
638:
623:
554:
505:
471:
326:
301:
274:
1456:
1077:
1022:
1002:
732:
727:
618:
564:
559:
517:
500:
466:
451:
439:
434:
394:
350:
64:
1391:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1037:
962:
787:
675:
670:
608:
598:
544:
539:
476:
424:
60:(1947) was founded as a similar referral chain of independent western US motels.
1423:
1340:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1027:
874:
772:
702:
653:
593:
549:
409:
89:. Other 1950s and 1960s referral chains included Emmons Walker, Congress Inns,
82:
1491:
1228:
1087:
1062:
1012:
922:
869:
832:
712:
690:
685:
665:
648:
527:
483:
429:
86:
1042:
967:
932:
907:
864:
792:
749:
717:
680:
613:
603:
495:
461:
90:
57:
1355:
1345:
1097:
884:
802:
797:
782:
633:
510:
399:
95:
72:
53:
1304:
1270:
1155:
1135:
1007:
997:
942:
891:
879:
658:
571:
522:
444:
419:
1052:
982:
952:
937:
927:
119:
1213:
1112:
992:
972:
812:
807:
236:
dependent on the use and development of referral chains or brands.
947:
373:
1057:
1047:
859:
822:
737:
321:
Jakle, John A.; Sculle, Keith A.; Rogers, Jefferson S. (1996).
1299:
1238:
844:
827:
33:
21:
342:
839:
297:
The Great
Depression in America: a cultural encyclopedia
293:
47:
Motel postcard displaying the United Motor Courts badge
614:
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)
1239:World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers
1184:American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute
320:
1489:
103:(1982) were among the last of this dying breed.
287:
75:, which is a brand division of Choice Hotels.
358:
314:
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
93:Motels, Master Hosts, and Courtesy Courts.
40:distributed at each member hotel or motel.
1331:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
365:
351:
294:William and Nancy Young (March 30, 2007).
1434:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
1234:Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
42:
1490:
1179:American Hotel and Lodging Association
1224:South-East Asian Tourism Organisation
346:
264:
1462:
146:adding citations to reliable sources
113:
1472:
13:
918:Destination marketing organization
325:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
14:
1514:
1402:Convention and exhibition centers
109:
1471:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1397:Cities by international visitors
1256:World Travel and Tourism Council
265:Bardi, James A. (15 June 2011).
118:
1439:World Heritage Sites by country
1219:Pacific Asia Travel Association
300:. Greenwood. pp. 315–318.
1194:Caribbean Tourism Organization
818:Hospitality management studies
723:Visiting friends and relatives
258:
1:
1280:Akwaaba African Travel Market
1204:Historical Archive on Tourism
271:Hotel Front Office Management
251:
101:Independent Motels of America
1351:Tourism improvement district
7:
372:
239:
36:architecture of the 1950s.
10:
1519:
1244:World Tourism Organization
1199:European Travel Commission
27:
1447:
1364:
1318:
1269:
1164:
1126:
900:
758:
380:
99:(1976, 57 locations) and
1326:Heritage commodification
1174:American Bus Association
58:The Best Western Motels
1249:World Tourism rankings
1189:BEST Education Network
48:
1285:Arabian Travel Market
54:Quality Courts United
46:
1295:Festival del Viaggio
1261:World Travel Monitor
913:Convention (meeting)
760:Hospitality industry
323:The Motel in America
142:improve this section
1372:Adjectival tourisms
1290:Cruise of the Kings
1209:Life Beyond Tourism
988:Roadside attraction
20:chain is a type of
1429:Passenger airlines
1336:Impacts of tourism
1166:Trade associations
1141:Outdoor literature
1033:Tourist attraction
978:Perpetual traveler
246:Retail cooperative
49:
1498:Hotel terminology
1485:
1484:
1310:World Tourism Day
1128:Travel literature
1093:Travel technology
1018:Tourism geography
778:Convention center
768:Bed and breakfast
629:Recreational drug
222:
221:
214:
196:
1510:
1475:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1151:Travel magazines
1146:Tourism journals
1078:Travel insurance
1023:Tourism minister
1003:Tour bus service
367:
360:
353:
344:
343:
337:
336:
318:
312:
311:
291:
285:
284:
262:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
195:
161:"Referral chain"
154:
122:
114:
65:four-leaf clover
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1443:
1360:
1314:
1265:
1160:
1122:
1083:Travel medicine
1073:Travel document
1068:Travel behavior
1038:Tourist gateway
963:Journey planner
896:
788:Destination spa
754:
425:Bicycle touring
376:
371:
341:
340:
333:
319:
315:
308:
292:
288:
281:
263:
259:
254:
242:
218:
207:
201:
198:
155:
153:
139:
123:
112:
79:Friendship Inns
30:
12:
11:
5:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1503:Hotels by type
1500:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Leakage effect
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1118:Visitor center
1115:
1110:
1108:Travel website
1105:
1103:Travel warning
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:Tourism region
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
902:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
857:
855:Referral chain
852:
847:
842:
837:
836:
835:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
773:Boutique hotel
770:
764:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
746:
745:
740:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
699:
698:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
590:
589:
579:
574:
569:
568:
567:
562:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
531:
530:
520:
515:
514:
513:
508:
503:
493:
492:
491:
486:
481:
480:
479:
474:
464:
459:
457:Archaeological
449:
448:
447:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
384:
378:
377:
370:
369:
362:
355:
347:
339:
338:
331:
313:
307:978-0313335204
306:
286:
279:
273:. p. 22.
256:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
241:
238:
220:
219:
126:
124:
117:
111:
110:Current status
108:
83:Salt Lake City
81:(founded 1961
29:
26:
18:referral hotel
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1515:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Casino hotels
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Tourism Radio
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:Travel survey
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Travel agency
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1013:Tour operator
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Hypermobility
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:Escorted tour
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
761:
757:
751:
748:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
584:
583:
582:International
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
490:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
368:
363:
361:
356:
354:
349:
348:
345:
334:
332:0-8018-5383-4
328:
324:
317:
309:
303:
299:
298:
290:
282:
280:9781118135785
276:
272:
268:
261:
257:
247:
244:
243:
237:
233:
231:
225:
216:
213:
205:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163: –
162:
158:
157:Find sources:
151:
147:
143:
137:
136:
132:
127:This section
125:
121:
116:
115:
107:
104:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:Choice Hotels
84:
80:
76:
74:
68:
66:
61:
59:
55:
45:
41:
37:
35:
25:
23:
19:
1407:Cruise lines
1382:Bibliography
1043:Tourist trap
968:Package tour
933:Factory tour
908:College tour
854:
587:Volunteering
535:Experiential
322:
316:
296:
289:
270:
260:
234:
226:
223:
208:
199:
189:
182:
175:
168:
156:
140:Please help
128:
105:
100:
94:
91:Imperial 400
78:
77:
69:
62:
50:
38:
31:
17:
15:
1477:WikiProject
1377:Attractions
1356:Tourist tax
1346:Overtourism
1271:Trade fairs
1098:Travel visa
901:Terminology
803:Guest ranch
798:Guest house
783:Cruise ship
708:Sustainable
489:Pop-culture
415:Backpacking
405:Alternative
400:Agritourism
202:August 2016
96:Budget Host
73:Quality Inn
1492:Categories
1305:ITB Berlin
1273:and events
1156:Wikivoyage
1136:Guide book
1008:Tour guide
998:Staycation
943:Grand Tour
892:Restaurant
793:Front desk
659:Pilgrimage
577:Industrial
572:Geotourism
523:Ecotourism
445:Enotourism
420:Beachgoing
390:Accessible
252:References
172:newspapers
1053:Transport
983:Road trip
953:Honeymoon
938:Gift shop
928:Excursion
644:Christian
639:Religious
624:Orphanage
555:Genealogy
506:Holocaust
472:Bookstore
395:Adventure
129:does not
1457:Category
1214:Musement
1113:Vacation
993:Souvenir
973:Passport
813:Homestay
808:Heuhotel
733:Wildlife
728:Wellness
619:Nautical
565:Identity
560:Heritage
518:Domestic
501:Disaster
467:Literary
452:Cultural
440:Culinary
435:Business
240:See also
1467:Commons
1417:Largest
1392:Casinos
948:Holiday
875:Seaside
850:Pension
833:Manager
718:Virtual
676:Sensory
671:Science
609:Medical
599:Justice
545:Fashion
540:Extreme
477:Tolkien
374:Tourism
186:scholar
150:removed
135:sources
28:History
1424:Motels
1412:Hotels
1319:Issues
1058:Travel
1048:Touron
870:Island
860:Resort
823:Hostel
738:Safari
703:Sports
654:Kosher
594:Jungle
550:Garden
410:Atomic
329:
304:
277:
188:
181:
174:
167:
159:
1365:Lists
1300:FITUR
865:Hotel
845:Motel
828:Hotel
743:Scuba
713:Urban
696:Lunar
691:Space
686:Smart
666:Rural
649:Halal
528:Shark
484:Music
430:Birth
382:Types
230:Logis
193:JSTOR
179:books
34:motel
22:hotel
885:Town
750:Yoga
681:Slum
604:LGBT
496:Dark
462:Film
327:ISBN
302:ISBN
275:ISBN
165:news
133:any
131:cite
880:Ski
840:Inn
634:Red
511:War
267:"1"
144:by
1494::
269:.
16:A
366:e
359:t
352:v
335:.
310:.
283:.
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
190:·
183:·
176:·
169:·
152:.
138:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
