1728:- reorganization and increase of regional powers, ending of perfect bicameralism, Senate responsibility only for federal law, Chamber of Deputies responsibility for national powers (e.g. foreign policy, defence and immigration) cut number of the parliamentarians, required a referendum on each constitutional law, more power to the governments and to the Prime Minister, more complex procedures to remove government's confidence, changes to the composition of the Constitutional Court. - rejected
880:
1202:
819:
4981:
65:
222:
126:
24:
2119:
4970:
1396:. They hold the record for most referendums presented. Despite only receiving around 2.5% of the popular vote in most national elections, the numerous referendums they have proposed over the years have often mobilised the entire Italian political spectrum in support or opposition. They will often use unconventional methods such as prolonged
1709:- repeal of a law making people convicted ineligible to run for or maintain a political office, limitation of precautionary measures, separation of judiciary functions, introduction of non-judges in judiciary councils, changes to the way members of the Superior Council of the Judiciary are elected - quorum not met
1649:- 8 questions: decriminalization of the possession of soft drugs, modification of the Senate electoral law (from Proportional Representation to FPTP), of appointments of heads of state banks, of environmental controls, abrogation of public financing of political parties and of certain ministries - all approved
1463:
When the House of
Liberties coalition returned to power in 2001, Berlusconi did not abolish political party financing and even reintroduced proportional representation into the electoral law. Critics pointed out that these new measures, approved even with the parliamentary votes of Alleanza Nazionale
1375:
The 2021 Italian budget law authorized for the collection of electronic signatures through a government run online platform, managed through the
Italian online digital ID system SPID. Although the platform is not online, starting on July 1 2021 citizens have been able to add signatures to referendums
1492:
Unlike a popular referendum, a constitutional referendum is confirmatory. This means a "Yes" vote is a vote in support of the constitutional law, whereas a "Yes" in a popular referendum is a vote for abolishing the law. Also unlike popular referendums, constitutional referendums are not subject to a
1349:
verifies the regularity of signatures (in case the referendum was requested by the voters) and of the question of the referendum. The court has the power to reject it outright. Many fully valid petitions with the necessary 500,000 signatures have never been accepted as referendums precisely for this
1630:
to build nuclear power plants abroad, of government grants to municipalities and provinces that host nuclear power plants, of opportunity for the government to build nuclear power plants in a municipality that has opposed, of the law that denied civil liability of judges and of the special judicial
1325:
A popular referendum can only be called only at the request of five
Regional Councils or 500,000 Italian voters. A popular referendum can only be asked to abolish an existing law (or part of it); a referendum to adopt new legislation is not provided for by the Constitution. Some matters are not
1311:
Despite that the constitutional right to hold a popular referendum has existed since adoption of the
Constitution in 1948, the necessary legislation detailing the bureaucratic procedures needed to hold them was not adopted until the early 1970s. As a consequence of this, Italy's first popular
1411:
Other groups have also made use of referendums to raise the profile of their own small political parties or their leaders or to raise awareness of their respective political agendas. Signatures for referendums have been collected by parties across the political spectrum from the
1697:- 4 questions: repeal of rules about reliance on private management of water services, return on capital invested in water services, building nuclear power plants in Italy and legitimate impediment of the Prime Minister and Ministers to appear in penal hearings - all approved
1564:
Overall, Italians have been called on to decide on 72 national referendums: 67 popular referendums, 3 constitutional referendums, and the 2 ad hoc referendums described above. They approved 25 of them, rejected 18, and 28 were declared invalid because of low turnout.
1432:
were also collecting signatures for the same exact petition on electoral reform at the same time as Di Pietro's party, showing that often parties from vastly different political beliefs will agree on the same themes that they feel should be subject to referendums.
1661:- 7 questions: abolition of Order of Journalists and Ministry of Agricultural Policies, abrogation of limits on conscientious objection, of hunting in the land of others and of government powers in privatized companies, 2 questions on justice - quorum not met
1485:(including a law to amend the constitution) with an absolute majority in the second vote, but without meeting a two-thirds qualified majority in each house. The referendum must be requested within three months from the publication of the bill in the
1610:- 5 questions: 2 about abortion (one for increasing and the other for reducing possibilities) and 3 about abrogation of life sentence, of restrictive rules on public order emergency of the 70s and of ability to possess firearms - all rejected
1460:, offered no political or financial support. When voting for the referendums took place in 2000, Berlusconi almost abstained and said the vote was "mostly pointless" as he would take care of all reforms when he would return to power.
1379:
The new process has been noted for the speed at which it can collect signatures for referendums, with a referendum to decriminalize marijuana collecting 330,000 signatures in three days in due in large part to digital signatures.
1703:- repeal of a law that allows gas and oil drilling concessions extracting hydrocarbon within 12 nautical miles of the Italian coast to be prolonged until the exhaustion of the useful life of the fields - quorum not met
1357:, which is called to judge its admissibility. Unlike the Court of Cassation, which considers the conformity of the petition to ordinary law, the reference for the Constitutional Court's judgment is the Constitution.
1667:- full abrogation of Proportional Representation (in 1993 a new electoral system was approved: 75% of the members of both the Houses are elected with FPTP, 25% with Proportional Representation) - quorum not met
1996:
1922:
1655:- 12 questions: 4 about liberalization of trade unions, 4 about television service, 2 about deregulation of trade, 1 about justice and 1 about electoral law of municipalities - 5 questions approved, 7 rejected
1551:
was held in 1989, on the question of transforming the
European Communities into a European Union and of allowing the European Parliament to draft a European Constitution. This referendum was made possible by
1444:, was collecting signatures for two referendums to abolish political party state financing and a change in electoral law to a full first past the post system, while the Italian Radicals and Di Pietro's
1643:- only one preference, rather than multiple, to elect the representatives of the Chamber of Deputies (elected by Proportional Representation), open party lists and multimember constituencies - approved
1338:, and laws that authorize the ratification of international treaties. While these are the limits expressly stated by the Constitution, the Constitutional Court has identified further limitations.
5073:
1468:
and abandoned some of their core political reforms in order to stay in power. It was also seen as proof that Fini's influence in the coalition was not as strong as many were led to believe.
1436:
However, often political parties who are even in the same coalition will have very diverse opinions with regard to referendums. A notorious example of this came in 1999 when the right-wing
5341:
5118:
1400:
and/or thirst strikes by their leaders to draw attention to their cause. Their largest political battles came in the 1970s and 80's when they successfully campaigned for the right to
5356:
5308:
5205:
1604:- 2 questions: abrogation of public financing of political parties and of the act that strengthened law enforcement and improved public order reducing civil rights - all rejected
5313:
5165:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
5235:
5195:
5175:
5155:
5058:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
1978:
1673:- 7 questions: public financing of political parties, full abrogation of Proportional Representation, layoffs, trade unions and 3 questions on judiciary - quorum not met
5346:
1363:
The final hurdle is that the result of the legislative referendum is only valid if at least a majority of all eligible voters go to the polling station and cast their
1481:
A constitutional referendum can be requested by 500,000 voters, five regional councils, or one-fifth of the members of a house of parliament when
Parliament adopts a
5366:
5351:
5298:
5250:
5220:
5078:
5336:
5138:
5133:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5083:
5068:
5063:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5303:
5240:
5230:
5210:
5190:
5160:
5128:
5088:
5255:
5180:
1448:
were also collecting signatures at the same time. Despite spending an enormous amount of manpower and party funds across all of Italy, his main partner in the
1898:"D.L. 77/2021 - Governance del PNRR e semplificazioni - Ambiente e gestione del territorio - Politica economica e finanza pubblica - Pubblica amministrazione"
2054:
747:
2067:
1360:
If the
Constitutional Court deems the referendum admissible, the President of the Republic has to set a date for the vote between April 15 and June 15.
2085:
424:
1946:
The impact-at-large of the referendum is merely factual and it is subject to the political circumstances in which the referendum result would fall:
1135:
1051:
5017:
4040:
1748:- reducing the number of eligible members of Parliament from 630 to 400 in the Chamber of Deputies, and from 315 to 200 in the Senate. - approved
1870:
1685:- 4 questions on abrogation of the rules that prevent some conduct in research on stem cells, artificial insemination and IVF - quorum not met
4072:
4703:
4055:
362:
3392:
2107:
847:
499:
4667:
3597:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
1950:"Il referendum sulla durata della concessione di coltivazione di idrocarburi liquidi e gassosi entro le 12 miglia dalla linea costiera"
1230:
1416:
opposing a law on immigration in 1998 (this was ruled as inadmissible by the constitutional court when presented), all the way to the
4801:
1388:
The political party in Italy that is most closely associated with, and has made most use of, referendums in the last 40 years is the
1094:
431:
2014:
1897:
1270:, in which the electorate is called to vote on whether they wish to abolish (abrogate) an existing law, either totally or partially.
4708:
1496:
Italy has had four constitutional referendums in the history of the republic; two of which the constitutional law was approved in
4273:
1949:
5143:
3485:
3250:
3245:
3225:
3220:
3210:
1745:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1682:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1281:
is approved by
Parliament. Similarly, a referendum can be requested to confirm the adoption of the Statute of ordinary regions.
704:
696:
664:
656:
1923:"Referendum cannabis, in tre giorni 333mila sottoscrizioni. E da oggi si può firmare anche senza identità digitale: ecco come"
4951:
4114:
3230:
3180:
3140:
2043:
1688:
1640:
1623:
1574:
1525:
672:
446:
37:
4748:
4023:
3831:
3437:
3387:
3240:
1700:
1637:- 3 questions: limitation of hunting, abrogation of hunting in the land of others and of use of pesticides - quorum not met
1251:
is a request directed to the whole electorate to express their view on a determined question. It is the main instrument of
688:
5010:
4077:
3940:
4796:
4381:
4008:
3841:
3602:
3362:
1536:
in
Italian) was held on 2 June 1946, Italians were asked to vote on the future form of government of Italy: retain the
411:
401:
2115:
5280:
5093:
4028:
4003:
3846:
1041:
951:
504:
464:
337:
187:
169:
107:
51:
151:
4400:
3681:
3567:
3372:
3170:
2721:
2666:
2646:
2626:
2606:
2586:
2566:
2546:
2526:
2506:
2491:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2451:
1850:
1758:
1548:
1178:
1026:
956:
306:
4524:
4436:
4283:
4278:
4109:
3977:
3145:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2100:
1353:
If the Court of
Cassation judges the petition to be valid, the referendum question must then be evaluated by the
1297:
840:
785:
451:
74:
5200:
5003:
4472:
4060:
3537:
3427:
3422:
3407:
3382:
3377:
1223:
1011:
996:
722:
369:
136:
5387:
4723:
4554:
4441:
3972:
3967:
3442:
3402:
3357:
2676:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
1886:
Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), Diritto costituzionale, G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 367.
1838:
Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), Diritto costituzionale, G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 463.
1778:
Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), Diritto costituzionale, G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 364.
1367:. If this quorum is not met, the referendum is invalid (which, in practice, means the law is not abolished).
1354:
1346:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
396:
1787:
Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), Diritto costituzionale, G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 72.
4482:
4421:
4406:
4258:
4119:
3572:
3452:
3447:
3432:
3417:
3412:
3367:
3160:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3032:
2997:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2952:
2927:
2902:
2877:
2852:
2822:
2807:
2787:
2772:
2752:
1613:
1553:
1482:
1278:
320:
294:
242:
5318:
4826:
4544:
4390:
4172:
4082:
3982:
3868:
3836:
3521:
3397:
374:
272:
5265:
4881:
4509:
4329:
4236:
4209:
4144:
4018:
3552:
3478:
2093:
1342:
1001:
833:
735:
509:
2015:"Savoia - Nuovi Dizionari Online Simone - Dizionario Storico del Diritto Italiano ed Europeo Indice H"
4911:
4677:
4600:
4564:
3582:
3547:
3542:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
2135:
1437:
1216:
612:
43:
5170:
4926:
4916:
4896:
4866:
4821:
4519:
4361:
4293:
4263:
4243:
4124:
3800:
3765:
3562:
3235:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3150:
1634:
1607:
1601:
991:
941:
680:
479:
436:
5245:
4806:
4569:
4426:
4396:
4371:
4288:
4248:
4187:
4086:
3851:
3821:
3255:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
1706:
1694:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1595:
1173:
1089:
1069:
1021:
712:
587:
301:
147:
5275:
5225:
5185:
5123:
4504:
4492:
4268:
4253:
3945:
3587:
1742:, as well as the partition of powers of State, regions, and administrative entities. - rejected
1046:
966:
934:
559:
441:
332:
78:
143:
5361:
5270:
5260:
5215:
5113:
4811:
4738:
4718:
4632:
4581:
4339:
4319:
4129:
3723:
3691:
3577:
3557:
3471:
3265:
1735:
1679:- 2 questions: layoffs and passage of electrical conduit on private property - quorum not met
1521:
1259:
1158:
1112:
1036:
1031:
1016:
1006:
981:
961:
946:
235:
4662:
4477:
4366:
4344:
3998:
3896:
3780:
3648:
1074:
986:
921:
901:
574:
564:
549:
489:
484:
1341:
The petition, which must include the question of the referendum, must be deposited at the
89:
8:
4946:
4936:
4891:
4657:
4622:
4617:
4334:
3955:
3891:
3811:
2365:
1739:
1425:
976:
896:
781:
544:
519:
514:
1312:
referendum was not held until 1974, 27 years after the constitution was first approved.
4921:
4906:
4886:
4743:
4684:
4637:
4559:
4416:
4386:
4376:
4351:
4324:
4231:
4224:
4160:
3916:
3911:
3628:
2123:
1617:
1486:
1429:
1293:
1130:
916:
906:
797:
600:
582:
569:
554:
534:
529:
524:
494:
389:
357:
350:
267:
260:
1957:
4871:
4861:
4733:
4647:
4612:
4539:
4529:
4307:
4177:
4091:
3921:
3901:
3875:
3863:
3658:
3653:
3638:
3633:
3618:
2039:
1457:
1449:
1421:
1417:
1168:
1079:
911:
864:
791:
757:
539:
406:
279:
212:
204:
4941:
4763:
4713:
4694:
4689:
4642:
4549:
4487:
4467:
4455:
4411:
4214:
4194:
4182:
4045:
3926:
3643:
3506:
3498:
2428:
1537:
1389:
1289:
1252:
1163:
871:
471:
4013:
85:
4851:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4728:
4652:
4514:
4033:
3931:
3816:
3716:
3623:
1445:
1441:
1206:
1153:
823:
4984:
4931:
4901:
4846:
4753:
4627:
4574:
4534:
4204:
4199:
4050:
3950:
3906:
3858:
3806:
3760:
3728:
3686:
3663:
1578:
1393:
1084:
762:
742:
325:
313:
247:
1997:"Il referendum istituzionale e la scelta repubblicana - Istituto Luigi Sturzo"
5381:
4856:
4497:
4067:
3755:
3733:
3592:
2031:
1397:
4974:
4781:
4586:
4356:
3960:
3826:
3775:
3750:
1453:
1248:
1183:
4876:
4816:
4786:
4139:
3770:
1424:
collected signatures in 1998 for a change in the electoral law to a full
889:
4995:
2068:"Scheda / La nuova Costituzione e il nuovo Senato (versione solo testo)"
1722:- increase of regional powers, strengthening decentralization - approved
1201:
879:
818:
4134:
3743:
1465:
1413:
1188:
1568:
154:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4791:
4776:
4771:
4672:
3706:
3701:
1582:
1541:
1405:
221:
3738:
3463:
1401:
1331:
1327:
4431:
1464:
itself, were proof that Fini and his party had made a complete
1364:
1345:, which is called to examine the validity of the petition. The
1335:
1556:, which specifically provided for this referendum to be held.
3711:
3494:
2118:
1262:
only provides for four types of legally binding referendums:
4219:
3696:
1627:
752:
1493:
quorum, meaning they are valid regardless of the turnout.
1761:- non-binding referendum on the European Union - approved
1428:
system. The Italian radical party and the right wing
2055:
it:Elenco delle consultazioni referendarie in Italia
1979:"Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali"
3978:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
1305:
popular referendum on regional laws and regulations
1691:- 3 questions on electoral system - quorum not met
1277:, which can be requested in some cases when a new
1569:Referendum on the institutional form of the State
1530:referendum on the institutional form of the State
5379:
1873:Perché non poteva essere considerato ammissibile
1713:
1626:- 5 questions: abrogation of possibilities for
1853:Il referendum tra societĂ civile e istituzioni
1456:, led by former and soon to be Prime Minister
5011:
3479:
2101:
1871:
1851:
1471:
1224:
841:
1738:to reform the appointment and powers of the
1288:is required to approve the modification of
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5018:
5004:
3486:
3472:
2108:
2094:
1231:
1217:
848:
834:
88:. Please do not remove this message until
5025:
1829:Articles 132 and 133 of the Constitution.
432:National Council for Economics and Labour
188:Learn how and when to remove this message
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1895:
1589:
1554:Constitutional Law no. 2 of 3 April 1989
1544:. The republic vote won 54.3% to 45.7%.
1370:
84:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1947:
1816:
1814:
5380:
2057:List of referendums in Italy (Italian)
1804:
1802:
1752:
1746:2020 Italian constitutional referendum
1732:2016 Italian constitutional referendum
1726:2006 Italian constitutional referendum
1720:2001 Italian constitutional referendum
1683:2005 Italian fertility laws referendum
1559:
1504:, and two in which it was rejected in
1383:
1315:
1307:may be regulated by regional statutes.
4999:
3467:
2089:
1689:2009 Italian electoral law referendum
1641:1991 Italian electoral law referendum
1631:treatment of Ministers - all approved
1624:1987 Italian nuclear power referendum
1575:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1515:
4024:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2036:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1811:
1701:2016 Italian oil drilling referendum
119:
58:
17:
1896:deputati, Camera dei (2021-07-28).
1799:
13:
3493:
2025:
1598:- abrogation of divorce - rejected
14:
5399:
1476:
33:This article has multiple issues.
4980:
4979:
4968:
2117:
1820:Article 123 of the Constitution.
1808:Article 138 of the Constitution.
1759:1989 Italian advisory referendum
1577:- retaining the monarchy of the
1200:
1179:List of direct democracy parties
878:
817:
220:
124:
63:
22:
4709:Orders, decorations, and medals
2060:
2048:
2007:
1989:
1971:
1940:
1915:
1889:
1880:
1796:Article 75 of the Constitution.
1376:through a provisional process.
1326:subject to popular referendum:
1320:
41:or discuss these issues on the
1861:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1:
1765:
1347:Constitutional Court of Italy
447:High Council of the Judiciary
3438:Trentino-Alto Adige/SĂĽdtirol
1616:- abrogation of cuts on the
1614:1985 Italian wage referendum
7:
4749:Water supply and sanitation
4173:Italian geographical region
4041:Monarchy and the World Wars
3983:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3869:War of the Sicilian Vespers
3522:Timeline of Italian history
1948:Buonomo, Giampiero (2016).
1902:Documentazione parlamentare
1520:Before the adoption of the
1125:History of direct democracy
425:Constitutional institutions
150:the claims made and adding
90:conditions to do so are met
10:
5404:
4668:Inventions and discoveries
4078:Fall of the Fascist regime
4061:Fourth War of Independence
4019:Expedition of the Thousand
4009:Second War of Independence
1983:elezionistorico.interno.it
1714:Constitutional referendums
1472:Constitutional referendums
412:Code of Criminal Procedure
402:Supreme Court of Cassation
5327:
5289:
5031:
4964:
4762:
4608:
4599:
4463:
4454:
4442:Security and intelligence
4315:
4306:
4168:
4159:
4102:
4029:Third War of Independence
4004:First War of Independence
3991:
3884:
3793:
3674:
3611:
3530:
3514:
3505:
3352:
3264:
3131:
2745:
2427:
2364:
2134:
1856:, in Il Parlamento, 1990
1275:constitutional referendum
4120:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
4115:Institutional referendum
1954:Diritto Pubblico Europeo
1929:(in Italian). 2021-09-14
1635:1990 Italian referendums
1608:1981 Italian referendums
1602:1978 Italian referendums
1534:institutional referendum
4643:Emigration and diaspora
3852:Guelphs and Ghibellines
3837:the Sardinian Judicates
2034:& Stöver, P (2010)
1707:2022 Italian referendum
1695:2011 Italian referendum
1677:2003 Italian referendum
1671:2000 Italian referendum
1665:1999 Italian referendum
1659:1997 Italian referendum
1653:1995 Italian referendum
1647:1993 Italian referendum
1596:1974 Italian referendum
1174:Participatory budgeting
452:High Council of Defence
5074:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4525:Science and technology
4473:Italian regions by GDP
4274:Marine protected areas
3946:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1872:
1852:
935:Referendums by country
370:Senate of the Republic
5026:Referendums in Europe
4724:Public administration
3832:the Holy Roman Empire
3393:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
1371:Electronic signatures
1260:Constitution of Italy
1107:Referendums by method
505:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5388:Referendums in Italy
4952:World Heritage Sites
4407:Council of Ministers
4145:Coronavirus pandemic
3543:Currency and coinage
3358:Elections in Abruzzo
2128:referendums in Italy
1736:Italian Constitution
1522:Constitution of 1948
1355:Constitutional Court
1249:Italian legal system
1064:Referendums by issue
922:Mandatory referendum
902:Legislative referral
803:(government journal)
500:Trentino-South Tyrol
465:Constituent entities
397:Constitutional Court
321:Council of Ministers
5290:States with limited
4483:Automotive industry
4422:Metropolitan cities
3968:Early Modern period
3941:Kingdom of Sardinia
3892:Italian city-states
2019:www.codicisimone.it
1927:Il Fatto Quotidiano
1753:Advisory referendum
1740:Parliament of Italy
1590:Popular referendums
1560:List of referendums
1549:advisory referendum
1426:first past the post
1384:Political party use
1316:Popular referendums
1286:advisory referendum
1207:Politics portal
897:Optional referendum
824:Politics portal
375:Chamber of Deputies
243:Constitutional laws
77:of this article is
4545:Telecommunications
3912:Maritime republics
1618:sliding wage scale
1585:- republic victory
1581:or establishing a
1516:Ad hoc referendums
1483:constitutional law
1420:party when leader
1343:Court of Cassation
1279:constitutional law
1268:popular referendum
1159:Citizens' assembly
1131:Athenian democracy
917:Popular referendum
907:Popular initiative
799:Gazzetta Ufficiale
135:possibly contains
5375:
5374:
4993:
4992:
4960:
4959:
4595:
4594:
4530:Southern question
4450:
4449:
4382:Political parties
4330:Foreign relations
4302:
4301:
4155:
4154:
3876:Kingdom of Naples
3864:Kingdom of Sicily
3461:
3460:
2070:. 12 October 2015
2044:978-3-8329-5609-7
1526:unique referendum
1458:Silvio Berlusconi
1450:House of Freedoms
1438:National Alliance
1430:National Alliance
1422:Antonio Di Pietro
1404:and the right to
1241:
1240:
912:Recall referendum
858:
857:
758:Council of Europe
736:Foreign relations
715:(multiple issues)
683:(multiple issues)
613:general elections
280:Sergio Mattarella
213:Politics of Italy
198:
197:
190:
180:
179:
172:
137:original research
118:
117:
110:
56:
5395:
5328:Dependencies and
5032:Sovereign states
5020:
5013:
5006:
4997:
4996:
4983:
4982:
4975:Italy portal
4972:
4971:
4912:National symbols
4606:
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4046:Kingdom of Italy
3973:Napoleonic Italy
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2110:
2103:
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2064:
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2046:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1956:. Archived from
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1893:
1887:
1884:
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1821:
1818:
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1797:
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1779:
1776:
1487:Official Gazette
1253:direct democracy
1233:
1226:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1164:Popular assembly
890:Referendum types
882:
872:Direct democracy
860:
859:
850:
843:
836:
822:
821:
804:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
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660:
437:Council of State
407:Court of Assizes
366:
333:Undersecretaries
310:
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200:
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5291:
5285:
5206:North Macedonia
5027:
5024:
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4927:Public holidays
4758:
4704:Life expectancy
4591:
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4362:Law enforcement
4298:
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4098:
4087:Social Republic
4051:Colonial Empire
4034:Capture of Rome
3987:
3880:
3789:
3682:Ancient peoples
3670:
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3568:Historic states
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2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1867:
1866:
1862:
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1842:
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1824:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1791:
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1777:
1773:
1768:
1755:
1734:- amending the
1716:
1592:
1571:
1562:
1518:
1479:
1474:
1446:Italy of Values
1442:Gianfranco Fini
1418:Italy of Values
1414:Northern League
1386:
1373:
1330:, budget laws,
1323:
1318:
1237:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1154:Direct election
1149:
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1140:
1126:
1118:
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1108:
1100:
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865:Politics series
854:
816:
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809:
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728:
727:
714:
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675:(electoral law)
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659:(fertility law)
658:
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326:Current Cabinet
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5330:other entities
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5281:United Kingdom
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5094:Czech Republic
5091:
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4437:Municipalities
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4397:Prime Minister
4394:
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4284:Regional parks
4281:
4279:National parks
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4188:Climate change
4180:
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3951:Duchy of Savoy
3948:
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3904:
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3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3859:Lombard League
3856:
3855:
3854:
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3834:
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3814:
3809:
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3781:Western Empire
3773:
3768:
3766:Roman conquest
3763:
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3687:Italic peoples
3678:
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3388:Emilia-Romagna
3385:
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2098:
2090:
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2081:
2059:
2047:
2024:
2006:
1988:
1970:
1939:
1914:
1888:
1879:
1860:
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1586:
1579:House of Savoy
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1517:
1514:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1398:hunger strikes
1394:Marco Pannella
1385:
1382:
1372:
1369:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1298:municipalities
1282:
1271:
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775:Related topics
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763:European Union
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743:United Nations
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723:Constituencies
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707:(Constitution)
702:
699:(Constitution)
697:December 2016
694:
691:(oil drilling)
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667:(Constitution)
662:
648:
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4130:Years of Lead
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4125:Economic Boom
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4068:Fascist Italy
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4014:Niçard exodus
4012:
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133:This article
131:
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91:
87:
81:
80:
76:
70:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
5319:Transnistria
5150:
4812:Architecture
4782:Quattrocento
4739:Social class
4719:Prostitution
4633:Demographics
4555:Trade unions
4498:Central Bank
4340:Human rights
4320:Constitution
4103:Contemporary
4073:World War II
3961:Italian Wars
3885:Early modern
3827:Papal States
3805:Italy under
3751:Ancient Rome
3363:Aosta Valley
3266:By-elections
3132:
2353:
2127:
2074:27 September
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2050:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1953:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1906:. Retrieved
1904:(in Italian)
1901:
1891:
1882:
1868:(in Italian)
1863:
1848:(in Italian)
1843:
1834:
1825:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1563:
1546:
1540:or become a
1533:
1529:
1519:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1477:Requirements
1462:
1454:Forza Italia
1435:
1410:
1387:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1340:
1324:
1321:Requirements
1310:
1304:
1285:
1274:
1267:
1257:
1244:
1242:
1184:Ballot title
1113:E-referendum
1090:Independence
1070:Civil rights
971:
863:Part of the
798:
786:Technocratic
651:
604:
480:Aosta Valley
236:Constitution
203:Part of the
184:
166:
157:
134:
104:
95:
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
5357:Isle of Man
5292:recognition
5266:Switzerland
5201:Netherlands
4877:Italophilia
4837:Coat of arm
4787:Cinquecento
4663:Immigration
4613:Aristocracy
4478:Agriculture
4372:Nationality
4345:LGBT rights
4259:Earthquakes
4140:Mani pulite
4056:World War I
3999:Unification
3992:Late modern
3956:Renaissance
3801:Middle Ages
3794:Middle Ages
3771:Roman Italy
3538:Citizenship
3133:Referendums
1452:coalition,
1027:Switzerland
1012:Philippines
1002:New Zealand
997:Netherlands
689:April 2016
652:referendums
605:referendums
351:Legislature
5236:San Marino
5196:Montenegro
5176:Luxembourg
5156:Kazakhstan
5059:Azerbaijan
4947:Traditions
4937:Television
4922:Philosophy
4887:Literature
4827:Cathedrals
4797:Settecento
4658:Healthcare
4623:Corruption
4618:Censorship
4377:Parliament
4335:Government
4135:Maxi Trial
4083:Resistance
3812:Ostrogoths
3744:Messapians
3629:Villanovan
3619:Prehistory
3612:Prehistory
3373:Basilicata
3356:See also:
3246:2016 (Dec)
3241:2016 (Apr)
1964:2016-04-14
1933:2021-10-10
1908:2021-10-10
1766:References
1620:- rejected
1547:A special
1466:volte-face
1255:in Italy.
1245:referendum
782:Government
560:Basilicata
358:Parliament
338:Ministries
160:April 2016
144:improve it
98:April 2016
75:neutrality
38:improve it
5347:Gibraltar
5171:Lithuania
4907:Mythology
4882:Libraries
4802:Ottocento
4744:Terrorism
4685:Languages
4638:Education
4560:Transport
4510:Companies
4417:Provinces
4387:President
4352:Judiciary
4325:Elections
4237:Volcanoes
4232:Volcanism
4225:Apennines
4210:Mountains
4178:Peninsula
4161:Geography
4092:Civil War
3817:Byzantium
3724:Etruscans
3659:Canegrate
3654:Golasecca
3639:Rinaldone
3634:Terramare
3624:Neolithic
2124:Elections
2032:Nohlen, D
1440:, led by
1332:amnesties
1294:provinces
1247:, in the
1189:Sortition
992:Lithuania
942:Australia
601:Elections
583:Provinces
390:Judiciary
295:Executive
268:President
148:verifying
86:talk page
44:talk page
5382:Category
5367:Svalbard
5352:Guernsey
5299:Abkhazia
5251:Slovenia
5246:Slovakia
5221:Portugal
5079:Bulgaria
4985:Category
4872:Internet
4862:Folklore
4792:Seicento
4777:Trecento
4772:Duecento
4734:Religion
4695:Regional
4673:Italians
4648:Gambling
4540:Taxation
4367:Military
4308:Politics
4110:Republic
3897:Florence
3822:Lombards
3761:Republic
3707:Samnites
3702:Picentes
3644:Apennine
3603:Railways
3583:Military
3531:By topic
3515:Overview
3499:articles
3428:Sardinia
3423:Piedmont
3408:Lombardy
3383:Campania
3378:Calabria
2429:Regional
2366:European
2038:, p1047
1583:republic
1542:republic
1538:monarchy
1528:(called
1406:abortion
1350:reason.
1328:tax laws
1022:Slovakia
792:Taxation
575:Sardinia
565:Calabria
550:Campania
490:Lombardy
485:Piedmont
79:disputed
5276:Ukraine
5226:Romania
5186:Moldova
5144:Ireland
5139:Iceland
5134:Hungary
5124:Germany
5119:Georgia
5109:Finland
5104:Estonia
5099:Denmark
5084:Croatia
5069:Belgium
5064:Belarus
5054:Austria
5049:Armenia
5044:Andorra
5039:Albania
4942:Theatre
4917:Palaces
4897:Museums
4867:Gardens
4852:Fashion
4842:Cuisine
4822:Castles
4764:Culture
4714:Poverty
4690:Italian
4601:Society
4582:Welfare
4550:Tourism
4520:Exports
4488:Banking
4468:Economy
4456:Economy
4412:Regions
4294:Valleys
4264:Islands
4244:Beaches
4215:Prealps
4195:Geology
4183:Climate
3847:Normans
3807:Odoacer
3756:Kingdom
3739:Ligures
3675:Ancient
3649:Nuragic
3598:Postage
3573:Judaism
3563:Genetic
3553:Fashion
3548:Economy
3507:History
3443:Tuscany
3403:Liguria
2136:General
1402:divorce
1392:led by
1336:pardons
1290:regions
1148:Related
1075:Finance
1047:Ukraine
967:Germany
952:Czechia
650:Recent
611:Recent
545:Abruzzo
520:Tuscany
515:Liguria
472:Regions
142:Please
5362:Jersey
5304:Kosovo
5271:Turkey
5261:Sweden
5241:Serbia
5231:Russia
5216:Poland
5211:Norway
5191:Monaco
5161:Latvia
5129:Greece
5114:France
5089:Cyprus
4973:
4847:Design
4832:Cinema
4807:Anthem
4729:Racism
4678:People
4653:Health
4515:Energy
4505:Brands
4432:Comune
4427:Cities
4289:Rivers
4249:Canals
3932:Amalfi
3917:Venice
3776:Empire
3717:Veneti
3692:Latins
3664:Latial
3497:
3453:Veneto
3448:Umbria
3433:Sicily
3418:Molise
3413:Marche
3368:Apulia
2042:
1365:ballot
1136:in USA
1080:Mining
1037:Taiwan
1032:Turkey
1017:Sweden
1007:Poland
982:Israel
962:France
947:Canada
570:Sicily
555:Apulia
535:Molise
530:Marche
525:Umbria
495:Veneto
5337:Ă…land
5256:Spain
5181:Malta
5151:Italy
4932:Sport
4902:Music
4892:Media
4754:Women
4628:Crime
4493:Banks
4269:Lakes
4254:Caves
4205:Flora
4200:Fauna
3922:Genoa
3907:Milan
3902:Siena
3842:Arabs
3729:Celts
3712:Umbri
3588:Music
3558:Flags
3495:Italy
3398:Lazio
2746:Local
1296:, or
987:Kenya
972:Italy
713:2022
705:2020
681:2011
673:2009
665:2006
657:2005
540:Lazio
4857:Flag
4587:Wine
4575:road
4570:rail
4401:List
4391:List
4220:Alps
4085:and
3927:Pisa
3697:Osci
3593:Name
3578:LGBT
3344:2023
3339:2022
3334:2021
3329:2020
3324:2019
3319:2005
3314:2004
3309:2003
3304:2002
3299:2000
3294:1999
3289:1998
3284:1997
3279:1996
3274:1995
3256:2022
3251:2020
3236:2011
3231:2009
3226:2006
3221:2005
3216:2003
3211:2001
3206:2000
3201:1999
3196:1997
3191:1995
3186:1993
3181:1991
3176:1990
3171:1989
3166:1987
3161:1985
3156:1981
3151:1978
3146:1974
3141:1946
3123:2024
3118:2023
3113:2022
3108:2021
3103:2020
3098:2019
3093:2018
3088:2017
3083:2016
3078:2015
3073:2014
3068:2013
3063:2012
3058:2011
3053:2010
3048:2009
3043:2008
3038:2007
3033:2006
3028:2005
3023:2004
3018:2003
3013:2002
3008:2001
3003:2000
2998:1999
2993:1998
2988:1997
2983:1996
2978:1995
2973:1994
2968:1993
2963:1992
2958:1991
2953:1990
2948:1989
2943:1988
2938:1987
2933:1986
2928:1985
2923:1984
2918:1983
2913:1982
2908:1981
2903:1980
2898:1979
2893:1978
2888:1977
2883:1976
2878:1975
2873:1974
2868:1973
2863:1972
2858:1971
2853:1970
2848:1969
2843:1968
2838:1967
2833:1966
2828:1965
2823:1964
2818:1962
2813:1961
2808:1960
2803:1959
2798:1958
2793:1957
2788:1956
2783:1953
2778:1952
2773:1951
2768:1949
2763:1948
2758:1947
2753:1946
2737:2024
2732:2023
2727:2022
2722:2021
2717:2020
2712:2019
2707:2018
2702:2017
2697:2015
2692:2014
2687:2013
2682:2012
2677:2011
2672:2010
2667:2009
2662:2008
2657:2006
2652:2005
2647:2004
2642:2003
2637:2001
2632:2000
2627:1999
2622:1998
2617:1996
2612:1995
2607:1994
2602:1993
2597:1991
2592:1990
2587:1989
2582:1988
2577:1986
2572:1985
2567:1984
2562:1983
2557:1981
2552:1980
2547:1979
2542:1978
2537:1976
2532:1975
2527:1974
2522:1973
2517:1971
2512:1970
2507:1969
2502:1968
2497:1967
2492:1965
2487:1964
2482:1963
2477:1961
2472:1959
2467:1957
2462:1955
2457:1954
2452:1953
2447:1951
2442:1949
2437:1947
2419:2024
2414:2019
2409:2014
2404:2009
2399:2004
2394:1999
2389:1994
2384:1989
2379:1984
2374:1979
2355:Next
2349:2022
2344:2018
2339:2013
2334:2008
2329:2006
2324:2001
2319:1996
2314:1994
2309:1992
2304:1987
2299:1983
2294:1979
2289:1976
2284:1972
2279:1968
2274:1963
2269:1958
2264:1953
2259:1948
2254:1946
2249:1934
2244:1929
2239:1924
2234:1921
2229:1919
2224:1913
2219:1909
2214:1904
2209:1900
2204:1897
2199:1895
2194:1892
2189:1890
2184:1886
2179:1882
2174:1880
2169:1876
2164:1874
2159:1870
2154:1867
2149:1865
2144:1861
2126:and
2076:2016
2040:ISBN
1628:Enel
1524:, a
1510:2016
1508:and
1506:2006
1502:2020
1500:and
1498:2001
1334:and
1258:The
977:Iran
753:NATO
748:OSCE
641:2022
636:2018
631:2013
626:2008
621:2006
363:list
307:list
273:list
72:The
4817:Art
4565:air
4357:Law
1532:or
1284:An
1085:War
1052:USA
146:by
5384::
2017:.
1999:.
1981:.
1952:.
1925:.
1900:.
1813:^
1801:^
1512:.
1489:.
1408:.
1303:A
1292:,
1273:A
1266:A
1243:A
1095:EU
1042:UK
957:EU
603:,
47:.
5019:e
5012:t
5005:v
4403:)
4399:(
4393:)
4389:(
3487:e
3480:t
3473:v
2109:e
2102:t
2095:v
2078:.
2021:.
2003:.
1985:.
1967:.
1936:.
1911:.
1877:.
1858:.
1300:.
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
849:e
842:t
835:v
788:)
784:(
365:)
361:(
309:)
305:(
275:)
271:(
191:)
185:(
173:)
167:(
162:)
158:(
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111:)
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54:)
50:(
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