Red Square - Knowledge

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difficulties, these could only be implemented in the 1890s, for which a special company was founded and an ideas competition among architects was advertised. This was won by a project by the architecture professor Alexander Pomeranzewas, as well as the little-known engineer Vladimir Schuchow. The construction of the new trade rows lasted from 1890 to 1893. When they were ceremoniously opened on 2 December 1893, the new structure was able to impress the Russian and foreign public, not only with an unprecedented range of all kinds of consumer goods, but also with a completely new glass roof construction of the three passages, designed by Schuchow and built using around 60,000 panes of glass. The building's architectural style, like the neighbouring Historical Museum a decade earlier, was in the historical "Russian style" with a roof gable based on typical

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the 17th century, were known as: Konstantino-Eleninsky, Spassky, Nikolsky (owing their names to the icons of Constantine and Helen, as well as Christ the Savior and St. Nicholas which hung over them). The last two are directly opposite Red Square, while the Konstantino-Elenensky gate was located behind Saint Basil's Cathedral. In the early 19th century, the Arch of Konstantino-Elenensky gate was paved with bricks, but the Spassky Gate was the main front gate of the Kremlin and used for royal entrances. From this gate, wooden and (following the 17th century improvements) stone bridges stretched across the moat. Books were sold on this bridge and stone platforms were built nearby for guns – "raskats". The

705: 1135: 1544: 644: 1373: 1674:, is the main tower of the eastern wall of the Kremlin, and is arguably the most famous tower of all of Kremlin. It also has an entrance gate, which closes Red Square together with the neighboring Saint Basil's Cathedral from the south. Owing its name to an image of the Savior that once hung over the gate, the tower rises over 71 meters, and like Nikolskaya Tower, was also built by Pietro Antonio Solari in 1491. However, it was then about half as high as it is today. The tower has roughly the current shape since a reconstruction in the years 1624–1625, when it was supplemented by a bell tower with a large tower clock designed by 832: 43: 1096: 199: 2893: 820: 656: 844: 1421: 690: 1256: 999: 171: 788: 1731: 678: 1623:

are very different in size and colour. The latter also has the effect that the building does not have a main facade and therefore offers the viewer an unusual view from every side. Originally built of white stone, the cathedral was decorated in places with red bricks during a renovation in the middle of the 17th century, which gives it its striking colour heterogeneity to this day. The inside of the cathedral is also very imposing with a labyrinth-like system of corridors and galleries.

1311: 1754:. The first of these was erected in January 1924, a few days after Lenin's death, and had a simple cube shape at a height of three meters, a second temporary arrangement was set up in the spring of 1924. The current building was erected between 1929 and 1930. From the outside, it has the shape of a multi-tiered pyramid, which should underline the character of the mausoleum as a monumental burial place based on ancient models. The author of the design was the renowned architect 1582: 141: 287: 1567:, and the reconstruction of Moscow had just been completed, the monument was celebrated when it was erected as a symbol of the invincibility of Russia and the heroism of its sons. Originally, however, the sculpture did not stand in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral, but in front of today's GUM department store at the level of the main entrance. It was only moved to its current location in 1930, to make more space for military parades and large-scale demonstrations. 1461:. At the beginning of 2007, four inner structures of the former trading rows were demolished while plans were made to reconstruct the entire building true to the original to house an exclusive hotel. These plans came under criticism from both Russian and foreign media as circumventing the preservation order by cleverly exploiting a loophole in the law. Work is currently underway to set up a museum in the building's interior space, to designs by Meganom and 1227:

rectangular towers, the tops of which are strongly reminiscent of the Kremlin towers. Originally, the Resurrection Gate represented part of the architectural ensemble at the northern end of Red Square, which, in addition to the gate, included the affiliated building of the government administration (see below) and the no longer preserved pharmacy building, which had to give way to the History Museum at the end of the 19th century. During the times of the

998: 1404:, the new upper trading ranks had an eventful history. In 1921, they were given their current name GUM («ГУМ»), which, at the time, was the abbreviation for «Государственный Универсальный Магазин» ('State Department Store'); today it stands for «Главный Универсальный Магазин» ('Main Universal Store'). In the early 1930s, they were closed for two decades and served as office and residential buildings, and from the end of 1953, until the 909:'s associate and director of the Moscow reconstruction plan, prepared a special model of Red Square, in which the cathedral could be removed, and brought it to Stalin to show how the cathedral was an obstacle for parades and traffic. But when he jerked the cathedral out of the model, Stalin objected with his rather famous quote: "Lazar! Put it back!". However, no documented evidence exists of this encounter. 1615:

legend has it that Napoleon ordered the cathedral to be blown up when he withdrew from Moscow in 1812, but a sudden downpour extinguished the fuses that had already been ignited. In 1918, after the October Revolution, the cathedral was closed by the Bolsheviks and its head was executed. At the same time, there were demolition plans for the cathedral, only the personal commitment of the architect

206: 178: 148: 1192:, which was widely used at the time. The museum building looks correspondingly "Old Russian": the facades are decorated with arched windows and ornaments reminiscent of traditional Russian Orthodox churches, several decorative towers reminiscent of some of the Kremlin towers are attached to the sides, and the shape of the roof is reminiscent of the 331:, which is named after the Nikolaus Tower of the Kremlin, which is directly opposite, and the Ilyinka (Ильинка), both of which have existed since the 14th century and were once important arteries of old Moscow. Today the square itself, with the exception of the access road leading through it to the Savior Gate of the Kremlin, is a pedestrian zone. 540:, was built on the moat under the rule of Ivan IV. This was the first building which gave the square its present-day characteristic silhouette (pyramidal roofs had not yet been built on the Kremlin towers). In 1595, the wooden market lines were replaced with stone. By that time, a brick platform for the proclamation of the tsar's edicts, known as 1678:, which today, is the most famous architectural element of the tower. The clock's four dials, one on each side of the tower, date up to 1852, and each of them has a diameter of 6.12 meters. The high-precision clockwork occupies three floors of the tower, and a dozen bells below the top of the tower ring every quarter of an hour. 1614:

From the completion of the cathedral to the relocation of Russia's capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, it remained the most important church in the city and the venue for solemn services on all major Orthodox festivals. In its history, the cathedral was threatened with destruction several times;

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Red Square has an almost rectangular shape and is 70 meters wide and 330 meters long. It extends lengthways from northwest to southeast along part of the wall of the Kremlin that forms its boundary on the southwest side. In the northeast, the square is bounded by the GUM department store building and

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Saint Basil's Cathedral, which delimits the square on its southern side, is undoubtedly the square's most famous building, and one of Russia's cultural icons. Once, the church was the main place of worship in Moscow, but today the cathedral mainly functions as a museum that is part of the complex of

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According to tradition, the grandstand on Red Square was originally made of wood, and the current stone building with a gate made of iron grating dates from the late 1590s. In the course of time, the Lobnoye Mesto was not only used as a platform for state announcements and announcements, but also as

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and since then has housed a production facility for silver coins for almost a quarter of a century before the money issuing system of the tsarist Empire was essentially relocated to Saint Petersburg. After the end of minting, the lower part of the building, which had no windows, was temporarily used

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having a length of 541 meters (1,775 ft) and width of 36 meters (118 ft), as well as a depth of 9.5–13 m was lined with limestone and, in 1533, fenced on both sides with low, 4 meters (13 ft)-thick cogged brick walls. Three square gates existed on this side of the wall, which in

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was deemed the most vulnerable side of the Kremlin to attack, since it was neither protected by the rivers, nor any other natural barriers, as the other sides were. Therefore, the Kremlin wall was built to its greatest height on this side, and the Italian architects involved in the building of these

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Today the mausoleum still attracts numerous tourists, although mostly no longer motivated by the personality cult surrounding the revolutionary leader. Notwithstanding this, the further laying out of Lenin's remains in the mausoleum is controversial. Many celebrities, including the last Soviet head

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An important monument of the Soviet-era is the Lenin Mausoleum, which is located in the western side of the square. It stands by the Kremlin wall at the height of the Senate Tower, almost exactly where the protective moat ran until the 18th century, and a tram line ran from 1909 to 1930. Inside the

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What is particularly striking about the cathedral is its asymmetrical and unique architectural style, which greatly distinguishes it from most other Russian Orthodox church buildings. The central element of the house are its nine church towers with brightly painted onion-shaped domes, some of which

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The Middle Trade Rows was not built until 1894, as was the GUM store. Planned from the start as a supplement to the latter, the upper rows were supposed to accommodate retail trade, while the premises to their right were reserved for the wholesale trade, which is why both of the buildings look very

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360° Panorama of Red Square: Kremlin (direction: SE), Saint Basil with Lenin Mausoleum (from 1930) in front, State Historical Museum (NW) and GUM store. Hardly seen are Voskresensky gates just to the right of museum, Kazan Cathedral just to the left of GUM store and the Minin-Pozharsky monument in

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Red Square was then the foremost landing stage and trading center for Moscow. Even though Ivan the Great decreed that trade should only be conducted from person to person, in time, these rules were relaxed, and permanent market buildings began appearing on the square. After a fire in 1547, Ivan the

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The Lobnoye Mesto (Russian: Лобное место) is a round, grandstand-like structure made of white stone in the southeastern part of the square, in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral. At the same time, it is one of the oldest buildings on the square that has been documented to this day. Lobnoye Mesto was

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The Kazan Cathedral is to the right of the former government administration building, on the corner of Red Square and Nikolskaya Street. Today's cathedral is a replica from 1993; originally there was a church at this site since the 1620s, initially a wooden one, then a stone one from 1636 onwards.

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In 1931, the new state authorities had the gate dismantled so that it would not obstruct the passage of military technology during major military parades on Red Square. Today's gate is largely a replica of the original and dates from 1996. Between the two portals on the north side of the gate, the

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The striking dark red building of the State Historical Museum forms the end of Red Square from the north-western side. It was built in the years 1875–1883 and is therefore one of the younger components of the architectural ensemble of Red Square. Before it was built, the first pharmacy building in

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In the late 17th century (1679–1680), the square was cleared of all wooden structures. Then all Kremlin towers received tent roofs, except Nikolskaya. One tent was erected on the wall above Red Square (the so‑called Tsarskaya Tower, so that the tsar could watch from this spot the ceremonies in the

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The building at the easternmost point of the square, on the corner of Ilyinka Street, stands exactly where the Middle Trading Rows stood in the 17th century. These formed, along with the Upper Trading Rows, where today's GUM store is located, as part of the broader market trading area that helped

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The Resurrection Gate forms one of the two entrances to Red Square from the northwest side. This structure, built for the first time in 1680, was initially part of the Kitai-Gorod fortifications. In its base part it consists of two arched portals, which are crowned in a symmetrical manner by two

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From the completion of the mausoleum, and until the end of the Soviet Union, the mausoleum was considered a central attraction, and a place of worship in the socialist world. During the military parades and marches on Red Square, heads of state appeared from the central stand on the roof of the

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architectural style, which was completely unusual for the Kremlin. Only a few years later, it was destroyed by the troops of Napoleon, and was finally rebuilt in 1816 with the participation of Joseph Bové. Owning its Gothic style, Nikolskaya Tower is still the most unusual of the twenty Kremlin

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Today the Historical Museum is the largest and most famous history museum in Russia. In 16 specialist departments, it houses around 4.5 million exhibits on Russian history from almost all epochs and also organizes themed special exhibitions several times a year. In addition to the actual museum

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since 1990. Red Square has been the scene of executions, demonstrations, riots, parades, and speeches. Almost 73,000 square metres (800,000 square feet), it lies directly east of the Kremlin and north of the Moskva River. A moat that separated the square from the Kremlin was paved over in 1812.

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The GUM department store, situated at the eastern side of the square, occupies the entire section between Nikolskaya and Ilyinka streets. Due to its location directly on Red Square, and its considerable size, the sales area is around 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft). Owing to the

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The monument to the two Russian national heroes Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitri Poszharsky, erected between 1812 and 1818, stands directly in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral. Just like the Kazan Cathedral donated by the latter at the time in the northern part of the square, this monument also

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building that had housed the Upper Trading Ranks since 1815, which united a large part of Kitai-Gorod's trading activities under one roof. After this building began to deteriorate in the middle of the 19th century, there were plans for a building to replace it. However, due to organisational

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three years earlier. This was according to the tradition of the time to have churches built to commemorate military victories. The wooden church was then demolished and the present cathedral was built on this site by 1561, making it one of the oldest buildings on the square. The name of the

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in Moscow. They found their final resting place in two collective graves near the Senate tower. The tradition of burying revolutionaries on Red Square, the ultimate symbol of the Bolshevik Revolution, continued immediately: as early as the spring of 1919, Lenin's leading comrade

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In 1874 the historic building of Zemsky prikaz was demolished. In its place the Imperial Historical Museum was built in pseudo-Russian style. After Bové's lines were demolished, new large buildings were erected between 1888 and 1893, also in the pseudo-Russian style: upper lines

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district, adjacent to the Red Square. This massive expanse of assorted market stalls and self-made wooden huts was for the first time replaced at the end of the 18th century, by a building complex specially built for trade, whose authorship is attributed to the Italian builder

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and Stalin, who was laid out in the mausoleum until 1961, were buried in individual graves, and a large number of the revolutionaries rest here in a total of 15 collective graves. Most of the burials here, however, are niches in the Kremlin wall, in which over 100

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In the middle of the 16th century, the wooden Church of the Holy Trinity, stood exactly on the site of Saint Basil's Cathedral. In 1555, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered a monumental church to be built on the site, which was a token of the victory of Russia over the

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The building standing between the Resurrection Gate and the Kazan Cathedral is one of the less conspicuous buildings on Red Square. It was built between 1733 and 1740 and since then has served as the headquarters of the administration of the city of Moscow and the

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was buried on the Kremlin wall and received with Lenin's Mausoleum, which was completed in 1930 the burial place is its central element. Since then, the mausoleum and the surrounding cemetery have been collectively referred to as the Revolutionary Necropolis.

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In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Kazan Cathedral on Red Square was one of the most important Moscow places of worship and was the scene of solemn cross processions led by the patriarch and the tsar, especially on the anniversary of the victory over the

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on the Kremlin's territory, that it was given its present name. The dome of the Senate can be seen from Red Square. Inside the central part of the tower there are three tiers of vaulted chambers. In 1860, the flat tower was topped with a stone tent

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in 1612. A few years after the victory, the devout Prince Pozharsky founded the cathedral dedicated to this icon. This corresponded to the then usual Russian tradition of building churches in memory of historically important victories in Russia.

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from Scotland, who was summoned to design the new tower's clock and suggested the arrangement of the tent roof over the clock. In mid-century, a gilded double-headed eagle was set on top of the tower. After this, the square became known as

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mausoleum until the mid-1990s. In 1953, the body of the deceased Lenin's successor Joseph Stalin was embalmed and laid out in the mausoleum. Eight years later, however, he was removed from the mausoleum in the course of the so-called

1809:, statesmen and military leaders of the highest order. The burial in the Kremlin wall necropolis was in fact considered the highest posthumous honour that was reserved for only a few. A total of twelve statesmen; including Sverdlov, 1110: 724:

in Russia was built near the Nikolsky gate. It existed until 1737, when it was destroyed in a fire. In the 1730s, a new mint building, called the Gubernskoye pravlenie (Provincial Board), was built in front of the old one.

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In 1804, at the request of merchants, the square was paved in stone. In 1806 Nikolskaya Tower was reconstructed in the Gothic style, and received a tent roof. The new phase of improvement of the square began after the

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era, Red Square maintained its significance, becoming a focal point for the new state. Besides being the official address of the Soviet government, it was renowned as a showcase for military parades from 1919 onward.

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After Saint Petersburg became Imperial Russia's capital, the Lobnoye Mesto lost its function as the tsar's tribune and has been a monument ever since. In 1786, it was rebuilt according to a design by the architect

1696:. It was built in 1491, also by Pietro Antonio Solari, and was purely defensive in nature: it guarded the Kremlin on the Red Square side. For a long time it remained nameless. It was only in 1787, after architect 1662:, who as one of several Italian architects who were active in Moscow at the time, playing a key role in the construction of the Kremlin ensemble. In 1806, Nikolskaya Tower was significantly redesigned and under 892:

were demolished to make room for heavy military vehicles driving through the square (both were later rebuilt after the fall of the Soviet Union). There were plans to demolish Moscow's most recognized building,

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in response to the alleged murder of a medical student named Edmund Assare-Addo. This was the first recorded political protest on Red Square since the late 1920s. On 28 May 1987 a West German pilot named

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in Moscow. Middle lines were intended for wholesale trade. At the same time (in 1892) the square was illuminated by electric lanterns. In 1909 a tram appeared on the square for the first time.

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In the following, all of the buildings located directly on Red Square will be presented in a clockwise direction, starting with the State Historical Museum at the northwest end of the square.

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Today's museum building was built especially for the historical museum, which was newly founded in 1872, and was ceremoniously handed over to its destination in May 1883. Its architect was

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From the 1920s to the 1980s, hundreds of people were buried in Red Square who were considered to be the most deserving sons and daughters of the Soviet Union, that is, revolutionaries,

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of the capitulation of Germany in 1945, the armed forces of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States marched in the Moscow Victory Day parade for the first time in history.

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After the Bolsheviks came to power, the building was no longer used as a trading house, but became the headquarters of various public bodies. Until recent times, it belonged to the

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to clear the area outside of the walls to create a field for shooting. The relevant decrees were issued in 1493 and 1495. They called for the demolition of all buildings within 110

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commemorates the liberation of Moscow from the Polish–Lithuanian occupation troops in 1612, to which the popular army led by Minin and Poszharsky made a decisive contribution.

1505:), however, according to other hypotheses, it has nothing to do with a forehead, but with its location near the praise, as a steep river bank was called in medieval Russia. 1685:

and agate glass. These stars, were symbols of Communism, and were placed on a total of five Kremlin towers in 1937, which were previously adorned with the Imperial Russian

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decided to make improvements to the square. In 1786, the upper floor of the market lines was made of stone. This line was built on the opposite side of the square, near a

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would take place. The square has been gradually built up since that point and has been used for official ceremonies by all Russian governments since it was established.

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gave speeches to the crowd here, at solemn services on Red Square. At the same time, the Lobnoye Mesto became notorious as the scene of executions, such as the one of

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gave a speech there. Thus, it must have been conceived from the beginning as a platform from which, above all, tsar decrees were announced to the people. The name

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with the remains of revolutionaries, heroes or main ideologues are walled. The people whose urns are in the Kremlin wall include, among others, Lenin's companion

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mausoleum, the lavishly embalmed corpse of Vladimir Lenin rests in an armored glass sarcophagus. To this day, the mausoleum is open to visitors on certain days.

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and others. The square was meant to serve as Moscow's main marketplace. It was also the site of various public ceremonies and proclamations, and occasionally a

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by the name of the small Troitskaya ('Trinity') Church, burnt down in the great fire during the Tatar invasion in 1571. After that, the square held the name

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would from 1924 onward be a part of the square complex, and also as the grandstand for important dignitaries in all national celebrations. In the 1930s,

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was arranged, in which the patriarch, sitting on a donkey, accompanied by the tsar and the people went out of Saint Basil's Cathedral in the Kremlin.

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Moscow stood on this site from the beginning of the 18th century, which was rebuilt in 1755 and served as the first campus of the then newly founded

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were banned in the Soviet Union, preventing any live performances there of any of The Beatles. The Soviet Union also banned the sales of Beatles

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The eastern segment of the Kremlin wall, and the Red Square behind it, emerged on its present site in the 15th century, during the reign of

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for the heavy vehicles. In May 2008, Russia held its annual Victory day parade, during which for the first time since the collapse of the

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palaces of the 16th century, two decorative towers based on the Kremlin and a main facade reminiscent of historical Russian buildings.

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was originally housed in the building of Zemsky prikaz, before moving to the better known building on Mokhovaya street further across

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the State Historical Museum in the opposite. Since the early 1990s, services have been held in the cathedral at irregular intervals.

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for insolvent merchants. Today, both the former government building and the old mint belong to the neighbouring historical museum.

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always passed the gate at their coronation celebrations before the coronation was proclaimed in front of the people on Red Square.

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In January 2008, Russia announced it would resume parading military vehicles through Red Square, although recent restoration of

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The bronze monument, which weighs 20 tons, and was financed entirely from donations at the time, was designed by the sculptor

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for centuries. According to a legend, it was precisely this icon of the Russian People's army, led by the national heroes

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Left-right: market lines by Bove, Saint Basil and Kremlin. View from 1816. Market lines were replaced by GUM store in 1893

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In 1697 and 1699, gates on both sides of Voskresensky Bridge were rebuilt into large stone buildings: the Mint and Zemsky

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in 1671, and many others. Although, these executions were not carried out directly in the stand, but a few meters away.

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The necropolis on the Kremlin wall has been a memorial since 1974. After the 1985 made funeral of the head of state

1039: 3302: 2973: 758: 356: 102: 1164: 170: 2730: 2563: 1538: 1442:, which has been preserved to this day and is located on Ilyinka Street a few hundred meters east of Red Square. 1405: 766: 140: 50: 1643:. The moat was lined with a secondary fortress wall, and spanned by three bridges connecting the Kremlin to the 1231:, the gate served as a symbolic entrance gate to the heart of Moscow, especially during major celebrations: the 1022:, when the city was besieged by Germans and troops were leaving Red Square straight to the front lines, and the 3459: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2780: 2760: 2755: 2740: 2735: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2663: 2474: 1348: 1086: 1051: 1019: 1619:, who was commissioned to prepare the demolition against the plans ultimately prevented their implementation. 1196:

in the Kremlin, a form of the Russian mansion that was particularly preferred in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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built (in the old forms) the new Lobnoye mesto of hewn stone, slightly West of the place where it was before.

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Both the Nikolskaya and the Spasskaya Tower are crowned by a three-meter-wide red star made of three-layer

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The small tower at the level of Lenin's Mausoleum between the Nikolskaya and the Spasskaya Tower is the

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The East side of the Kremlin triangle, lying adjacent to Red Square and situated between the rivers

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In 1936 the cathedral, like many other Moscow places of worship, was demolished at the approval of

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Red Square was considered a sacred place. Various festive processions were held there, and during

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In the courtyard of the former government administration building, the old building of the state

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in 1991, Russian military vehicles paraded through the square. On 9 May 2010, to commemorate the

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Terrible reorganized the wooden shops that lined its eastern side into market lines. The streets

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announced they would be holding their first all-star game outdoors on 10 January at Red Square.

498:, which means 'burnt'. It was not until 1661–62 that it was first mentioned by its contemporary 3451: 3287: 3004: 2984: 2926: 2310: 2285: 1367: 1184:, who is considered to be one of the main representatives of the "Russian style", a variant of 1047: 774: 769:, was erected; its construction symbolized the rise in patriotic consciousness during the war. 526: 402:, or "burnt-out place", reflecting that previous buildings occupying the site had burned down. 267: 570:

in honor of the "Kazan Icon of the Mother of God", which had followed his army in a campaign.

458:

arranged for the construction of a moat in front of the Eastern wall, which would connect the

398:

officially extended the name to encompass the entire square, which had previously been called

3068: 2951: 1659: 1600: 972: 3543: 3338: 3277: 3267: 2969: 2639: 2608: 2408: 2403: 2365: 1854: 1725: 1675: 1458: 1193: 1189: 1031: 937: 881: 578: 263: 42: 621:(department in charge of urban and police matters). Zemsky prikaz (on the site of current 8: 3518: 3385: 3353: 3234: 3158: 3139: 3119: 2695: 2280: 2262: 1686: 1663: 1201: 1125: 1102: 1043: 913: 825:

Left-right: Zemsky prikaz, Voskresensky gates, Provincial Board and Kazan Cathedral, 1802

729: 721: 574: 395: 274: 1989: 1408:, the store was considered a model department store in the middle of the real socialist 577:

received contemporary tent roofs. This was done on the proposal and subsequent draft of

3380: 2517: 2275: 1965:"How did an architect convince Stalin to spare St. Basil's Cathedral from destruction?" 1827: 1814: 1793: 1632: 1293: 1265: 552: 348: 1200:

building, the historical museum complex also includes Saint Basil's Cathedral and the

2965: 2644: 2624: 2370: 2305: 2290: 1904: 1771: 1494: 1435: 1323: 1213: 1185: 328: 304: 1792:. This was created in November 1917, when around 250 soldiers had fallen during the 925:

light aircraft at St. Basil next to Red Square, causing a major scandal in the

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Saint Basil's Cathedral, Monument to Minin and Pozharsky and Spasskaya Tower in 1908

3441: 3418: 3041: 3019: 2629: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2423: 2398: 2355: 2340: 2335: 2034: 1866: 1766:, which began after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, and buried at the Kremlin wall. 1763: 1693: 1651: 1640: 1616: 1608: 1595: 1420: 1409: 1335: 1015: 960: 932:

In 1990 the Kremlin and Red Square were among the first sites in the USSR added to

902: 810: 794: 778: 614:. These were the fortified gates at Voskresensky Bridge over the River Neglinnaya. 563: 463: 439: 312: 242: 1255: 1066:

has been held on the square, marking anniversary of the defeat of Nazi Germany in

536:

After a few years, the Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin, commonly known as

3373: 3091: 3076: 2418: 2393: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2207: 1886: 1818: 1810: 1788:

Right behind Lenin's Mausoleum, along the walls of the Kremlin, there is a large

1755: 1671: 1470: 1382: 1288: 1284: 666: 626: 455: 415: 383: 254:, Russia. It is located in Moscow's historic centre, in the eastern walls of the 2093: 3423: 3292: 2916: 2911: 2388: 2183: 1871: 1839: 1798: 1701: 1697: 1655: 1526: 1451: 1228: 1055: 964: 737: 509: 444: 411: 320: 255: 2071: 1501:

could literally mean 'forehead' or 'skull' (and thus a literal translation of

1439: 1277: 762: 566:

entered the Kremlin through the square. In memory of this event, he built the

363:) meant 'beautiful', but now means 'red'. The current word for 'beautiful' is 3512: 3469: 3333: 2634: 2578: 2360: 1934: 1921: 1847: 1730: 1355: 1269: 1120: 906: 541: 476: 391: 117: 104: 1913:П.В.Сытин. Из истории московских улиц (очерки). М.. Московский рабочий, 1958 1310: 3343: 3282: 3218: 2956: 2413: 2141: 1876: 1843: 1831: 1713: 1581: 1518: 1469:

protected ensemble of Moscow Kremlin Museums, and will bring a part of the

1389: 1101:

2008 Military parade marking the sixty-third anniversary of Victory in the

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Red Square with St. Basil's Cathedral and Moscow Kremlin in background, by

459: 435: 319:, and to the southeast is the so-called Basilius slope, which leads to the 258:. It is the city's most prominent landmark, with famous buildings such as 3413: 3272: 3134: 2691: 2583: 2219: 1835: 1747: 1556: 1447: 1430: 1331: 1244: 980: 976: 948: 944: 611: 548: 472: 296: 286: 247: 2178:

Red Square in Moscow, the most important place in the country's largest.

529:), Middle lines and Bottom lines, although Bottom Lines were already in 3315: 2197:", Moscow.Info – information for visitors to Red Square and the Kremlin 1604: 922: 419: 3197: 2011: 849:

Minin-Pozharsky monument from 1818 commemorating the expulsion of the

3494: 3249: 2598: 2588: 1903:Юрий Федосюк. Москва в кольце Садовых. М., Московский рабочий, 1991. 1789: 1510: 466:

and be filled in with water from Neglinnaya. This moat, known as the

76: 1599:

cathedral, which is still more common today, was given in memory of

1287:

has been preserved to this day. This was built in 1697 by decree of

649:

17th century Palm Sunday procession leaving Saint Basil for Kremlin.

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constructed new building of lines in the Empire style. In 1818 the

662: 530: 1650:

The northernmost of the three Kremlin towers is the 70 meter high

1272:). The government administration building was not spared from the 3464: 3310: 3223: 3096: 2250: 2200: 1743: 1710: 956: 943:

Red Square has also served as a venue for high-profile concerts.

793:

The Kremlin with Alevizov moat and Nikolskaya Tower in front. By

387: 315:

begins to the northwest of the square behind the building of the

683:

Book shops at the Spassky bridge at the main gate of the Kremlin

1635:; the wall and the square were separated with a wide defensive 1466: 1240: 1027: 1009:

front of Saint Basil (originally it was in front of GUM store).

933: 625:) was then known as the Main Pharmacy, founded under orders of 618: 448: 344: 340: 271: 251: 55: 897:, as well to make way for a larger Red Square, as well as the 1644: 1394: 1381:

building's striking architecture, the GUM is the best-known

1077:

complicated this, by closing one of existing passages along

736:

between the Spasskaya and Nikolskaya towers. Then architect

669:(to the right on a horse) in Red Square, 1698 (painted 1881) 2994: 1706: 1682: 1636: 1491: 1232: 733: 423: 327:. Two streets branch off to the northeast from Red Square: 2073:

Soviet Military Parade | Day of Tankmen, 8 September 1946

1823: 1751: 984: 2480:

Patriarch's Palace and the Church of the Twelve Apostles

3311:

Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent

410:

The history of Red Square is reflected in paintings by

2047:"Доступ закрито - LIBRARIA - Цифровий архів періодики" 1611:

were among the most popular architects of the church.

1446:

similar architecturally. The building's architect was

1750:, was preceded by two provisional mausoleums made of 355:, or Beautiful Square. Archaically, the Russian word 339:

The main squares in Russian cities, such as those in

3369:

Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings

698:(1993 reconstruction, it originates back to 1612–25) 1490:first mentioned in 1549, when the then 19 year old 1326:, which has been venerated by the believers of the 1250: 1758:, who also had the two previous mausoleums built. 1734:Lenin's Mausoleum, as seen in front of the Kremlin 1532: 2120:"Western troops join Russia's Victory Day parade" 1322:The Kazan Cathedral owes its name to the icon of 912:In 1963, a group of African students organized a 3510: 1465:. The new museum is going to form a part of the 1168:State Historical Museum, as seen from Red Square 1140:A soldier during a parade on Red Square in 2017. 743: 560:expulsion of the Polish army from Moscow in 1612 3460:Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of Sviyazhsk 3359:Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings 2214:4 Surprising Things that Happened on Red Square 2091: 2485:Verkhospassky Cathedral and the Terem Churches 1340:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 3364:Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture 3183: 2671: 2235: 1268:(the latter partially corresponds to today's 606:square). Tent roofs were also constructed at 232: 3475:Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University 1123:in Red Square in a scene from the 1942 film 890:Iverskaya Chapel with the Resurrection Gates 870: 378:originally described the small area between 156:The location of Red Square in Central Moscow 3349:Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea 2569:Monument to Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich 2184:Moscow-Life: A guide to Moscow's Red Square 1239:chapel of the icon of the Mother of God of 587: 323:, which goes down and over a bridge to the 3190: 3176: 2678: 2664: 2249: 2242: 2228: 1962: 1777: 1570: 1153: 429: 41: 1987: 1247:, where the Iviron monastery is located. 1204:, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. 454:From 1508 to 1516, the Italian architect 1774:, spoke out in favor of Lenin's burial. 1729: 1580: 1542: 1480: 1419: 1371: 1309: 1254: 1217: 1163: 747: 504: 451:(234 meters (768 ft)) of the wall. 285: 3219:Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye 1990:"Death of an African Student in Moscow" 1626: 1361: 525:were divided into the Upper lines (now 3511: 3245:White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal 3000:Missile Forces of Strategic Importance 2117: 1529:, and moved a few meters to the east. 1473:collection outside the Kremlin walls. 3171: 2659: 2223: 241: 2470:Church of the Deposition of the Robe 2092:Aksyonov, Pavel (January 21, 2008). 1639:filled with water diverted from the 1415: 1207: 1038:held many parades in Red Square for 990: 759:Napoleonic invasion and fire in 1812 2216:", BigTimeMoscow, November 12, 2015 1222:Resurrection Gate, facing southeast 710:Zemsky prikaz, town hall built 1700 475:was located on the platform of the 246:) is one of the oldest and largest 13: 1963:Shevchenko, Nikolay (2017-12-04). 1719: 1299: 1030:armies were thrown at the foot of 573:At the same time (1624–1625), the 334: 205: 177: 147: 14: 3560: 3054:Investigative Committee of Russia 2171: 1509:the centre of solemn events; the 752:A view of the Red Square in 1896. 3499:Shared with nine other countries 3049:Ministry of Emergency Situations 2974:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces 2891: 2012:"Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow" 1476: 1251:Former government administration 1133: 1109: 1094: 997: 858: 842: 830: 818: 802: 786: 703: 688: 676: 654: 642: 204: 197: 176: 169: 146: 139: 2645:Kremlin Presidium (Building 14) 2564:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky 2201:360° Virtual Tour of Red Square 2158: 2118:Chance, Matthew (May 9, 2010). 2094:"Tanks to return to Red Square" 1842:, but also foreign politicians 1838:, the nuclear weapon developer 1547:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky 1539:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky 1533:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky 1406:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1026:, when the banners of defeated 767:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky 715: 3539:World Heritage Sites in Russia 3199:World Heritage Sites in Russia 2134: 2111: 2085: 2064: 2039: 2028: 2004: 1981: 1956: 1388:Built in 1893, it replaced an 1349:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1060:state funeral of Joseph Stalin 1052:Defender of the Fatherland Day 1020:1941 October Revolution Parade 27:Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow 1: 3145:Victory Banner (Soviet Union) 3030:National Guard Forces Command 2942:Moscow Military Music College 2455:Cathedral of the Annunciation 2049:. Libraria.ua. Archived from 1949: 744:19th and early 20th centuries 544:, had also been constructed. 371:), which is derived from it. 3250:Historic Centre of Yaroslavl 3037:Ministry of Internal Affairs 2016:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1274:war against Napoleon in 1812 1145: 1058:(8 September 1946), and the 1014:Two of the most significant 608:Voskrerensky (Iberian) gates 243:[ˈkrasnəjəˈploɕːɪtʲ] 7: 2574:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 2533:Grand Kremlin Public Garden 2450:Cathedral of the Assumption 1860: 1834:, the revolutionary writer 1561:stopped the French invasion 1485:Lobnoye Mesto at the center 1182:Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood 486:('Great Market') or simply 290:Map of Red Square from 1917 281: 21:Red Square (disambiguation) 10: 3565: 2460:Cathedral of the Archangel 1897: 1807:heroes of the Soviet Union 1781: 1723: 1574: 1536: 1365: 1303: 1211: 1157: 720:In 1702, the first public 610:, arranged in the wall of 405: 299:, in the northwest by the 160:Show map of Central Moscow 68:Cultural: i, ii, iv, r ,87 34:UNESCO World Heritage Site 18: 3483: 3450: 3432: 3409:Golden Mountains of Altai 3399: 3324: 3301: 3258: 3209: 3153: 3107: 2922:National anthem of Russia 2900: 2889: 2703: 2617: 2551: 2503: 2465:Ivan the Great Bell Tower 2442: 2379: 2261: 1742:Today's building made of 1709:crowned, in turn, with a 1064:Moscow Victory Day Parade 927:Soviet Air Defense Forces 871:Soviet era and modern era 853:from Moscow, 19th century 443:fortifications convinced 233: 133: 94: 82: 72: 62: 49: 40: 31: 3529:Car-free zones in Russia 3115:1992 Moscow peace parade 3025:National Guard of Russia 3010:Federal Security Service 2962:Russian Aerospace Forces 2594:Alexander Garden Obelisk 2429:Tsarina's Golden Chamber 1306:Kazan Cathedral (Moscow) 1054:(23 February 1925), the 631:first Russian University 553:"procession on a donkey" 438:and the now underground 394:herald's platform. Tsar 307:and in the southeast by 16:Square in Moscow, Russia 3064:Suvorov Military School 2980:Russian Airborne Forces 2947:Preobrazhensky Regiment 2604:Iberian Gate and Chapel 2559:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 2490:Saint Basil's Cathedral 2434:State Historical Museum 2316:Konstantino-Eleninskaya 2206:April 15, 2016, at the 1892:Saint Basil's Cathedral 1882:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 1784:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 1778:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 1585:Saint Basil's Cathedral 1577:Saint Basil's Cathedral 1571:Saint Basil's Cathedral 1515:Russian Orthodox Church 1328:Russian Orthodox Church 1175:Moscow State University 1160:State Historical Museum 1154:State Historical Museum 899:State Historical Museum 895:Saint Basil's Cathedral 538:Saint Basil's Cathedral 430:Before the 18th century 351:, are frequently named 325:Zamoskvorechye District 317:State Historical Museum 309:Saint Basil's Cathedral 301:State Historical Museum 260:Saint Basil's Cathedral 3288:Volcanoes of Kamchatka 3005:Russian Railway Troops 2990:Russian Naval Infantry 2985:Russian Naval Aviation 2927:Ribbon of Saint George 2688:Moscow military parade 2189:3D model of Red Square 2180:– Thewotme Travel Blog 1830:, the first cosmonaut 1735: 1586: 1548: 1486: 1425: 1377: 1368:GUM (department store) 1315: 1260: 1223: 1169: 1048:October Revolution Day 1024:Victory Parade in 1945 753: 513: 482:The square was called 291: 3240:Trinity Sergius Lavra 3069:Nakhimov Naval School 2952:Russian Ground Forces 2937:Military Band Service 2351:Srednyaya Arsenalnaya 1935:55.75417°N 37.62000°E 1733: 1660:Pietro Antonio Solari 1584: 1546: 1484: 1423: 1375: 1313: 1258: 1221: 1188:based on traditional 1167: 973:Red Hot Chili Peppers 914:protest on Red Square 901:. The legend is that 751: 508: 380:St. Basil's Cathedral 289: 118:55.75417°N 37.62000°E 3339:Ferapontov Monastery 3278:Landscapes of Dauria 3268:Central Sikhote-Alin 2970:Russian Space Forces 2640:Robespierre Monument 2409:Grand Kremlin Palace 2404:State Kremlin Palace 2346:Uglovaya Arsenalnaya 2301:Vtoraya Bezymyannaya 2296:Pervaya Bezymyannaya 2142:"The Kremlin museum" 1855:Konstantin Chernenko 1676:Christopher Galloway 1627:Eastern Kremlin Wall 1459:Russian Armed Forces 1362:GUM department store 1259:The building in 2018 1194:Great Kremlin Palace 1190:Russian architecture 775:GUM department store 579:Christopher Galloway 527:GUM department store 374:In Moscow, the name 295:the old district of 268:GUM department store 19:For other uses, see 3549:Landmarks in Russia 3386:Struve Geodetic Arc 3354:Virgin Komi Forests 3235:Novodevichy Convent 3159:Victory Day Parades 3140:Z (military symbol) 3130:Great Patriotic War 3120:Victory Day (9 May) 2903:and prominent parts 2901:Participating units 2696:Great Patriotic War 2053:on October 22, 2021 1931: / 1687:double-headed eagle 1338:, who defeated the 1202:Novodevichy Convent 1126:Moscow Strikes Back 1103:Great Patriotic War 1018:on Red Square were 938:World Heritage List 730:Catherine the Great 396:Alexei Mikhailovich 275:World Heritage Site 213:Red Square (Europe) 185:Red Square (Russia) 114: / 28: 3381:Solovetsky Islands 2518:Ivanovskaya Square 1940:55.75417; 37.62000 1828:Nadezhda Krupskaya 1815:Kliment Voroshilov 1794:October Revolution 1790:cemetery of honour 1736: 1587: 1549: 1487: 1426: 1378: 1316: 1266:Moscow Governorate 1261: 1224: 1170: 754: 728:During her reign, 514: 353:Krasnaya ploshchad 349:Pereslavl-Zalessky 292: 216:Show map of Europe 188:Show map of Russia 123:55.75417; 37.62000 26: 3534:Squares in Moscow 3506: 3505: 3165: 3164: 2966:Russian Air Force 2653: 2652: 2625:Ascension Convent 2609:Lenin's Mausoleum 2543:Manezhnaya Square 1772:Mikhail Gorbachev 1726:Lenin's Mausoleum 1601:Basil the Blessed 1495:Ivan The Terrible 1436:Giacomo Quarenghi 1424:Middle Trade Rows 1416:Middle Trade Rows 1324:Our Lady of Kazan 1214:Resurrection Gate 1208:Resurrection Gate 1177:for two decades. 1079:Historical Museum 1032:Lenin's Mausoleum 991:Venue for parades 882:Lenin's Mausoleum 623:Historical Museum 490:('Market'), then 329:Nikolskaya Street 305:Resurrection Gate 264:Lenin's Mausoleum 225: 224: 3556: 3524:National squares 3442:Western Caucasus 3419:Putorana Plateau 3228: 3203:federal district 3192: 3185: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3073:Aerobatic teams 3042:Police of Russia 3020:Kremlin Regiment 2895: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2630:Chudov Monastery 2538:Alexander Garden 2528:Taynitsky Garden 2523:Cathedral Square 2424:Palace of Facets 2399:Amusement Palace 2311:Beklemishevskaya 2286:Blagoveshenskaya 2244: 2237: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2043: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1960: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1867:Alexander Garden 1764:de-Stalinization 1700:constructed the 1694:Senatskaya Tower 1652:Nikolskaya Tower 1641:Neglinnaya River 1617:Pyotr Baranovsky 1609:Postnik Yakovlev 1596:Khanate of Kazan 1410:shortage economy 1336:Dmitri Pozharsky 1137: 1113: 1098: 1087:65th anniversary 1016:military parades 1001: 903:Lazar Kaganovich 862: 846: 834: 822: 811:Fyodor Alekseyev 806: 795:Fyodor Alekseyev 790: 779:department store 707: 692: 680: 658: 646: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 564:Dmitry Pozharsky 440:Neglinnaya River 313:Tverskaya Street 270:. It has been a 245: 240: 236: 235: 217: 208: 207: 201: 189: 180: 179: 173: 161: 150: 149: 143: 129: 128: 126: 125: 124: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 45: 35: 29: 25: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3479: 3446: 3428: 3395: 3374:Peterhof Palace 3320: 3303:North Caucasian 3297: 3254: 3226: 3205: 3196: 3166: 3161: 3149: 3103: 3092:Russian Falcons 3077:Russian Knights 2904: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2699: 2684: 2654: 2649: 2613: 2547: 2505: 2499: 2495:Kazan Cathedral 2475:Nativity Church 2438: 2394:Kremlin Arsenal 2381: 2375: 2265: 2257: 2248: 2208:Wayback Machine 2174: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2148: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2116: 2112: 2102: 2100: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2035:Sports.espn.com 2033: 2029: 2020: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1988:Julie Hessler. 1986: 1982: 1973: 1971: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1900: 1887:Lubyanka Square 1863: 1819:Leonid Brezhnev 1811:Mikhail Kalinin 1786: 1780: 1756:Alexey Shchusev 1728: 1722: 1720:Lenin Mausoleum 1672:Spasskaya Tower 1629: 1579: 1573: 1541: 1535: 1479: 1471:Kremlin Armoury 1463:Nowadays Office 1418: 1383:shopping center 1370: 1364: 1314:Kazan Cathedral 1308: 1302: 1300:Kazan Cathedral 1294:Debtors' prison 1289:Peter the Great 1253: 1216: 1210: 1162: 1156: 1148: 1141: 1138: 1129: 1119:soldiers cheer 1114: 1105: 1099: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1002: 993: 886:Kazan Cathedral 873: 866: 863: 854: 847: 838: 835: 826: 823: 814: 807: 798: 791: 746: 718: 711: 708: 699: 696:Kazan Cathedral 693: 684: 681: 670: 659: 650: 647: 627:Peter The Great 599: 596: 593: 590: 575:Spasskaya tower 568:Kazan Cathedral 512:(finished 1495) 456:Aloisio the New 432: 416:Konstantin Yuon 408: 384:Spasskaya Tower 337: 335:Origin and name 284: 238: 234:Красная площадь 221: 220: 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 209: 192: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 181: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 157: 153: 152: 151: 122: 120: 116: 113: 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Retrieved 1969:www.rbth.com 1968: 1958: 1916: 1877:Kremlin Wall 1852: 1844:Clara Zetkin 1832:Yuri Gagarin 1804: 1787: 1768: 1760: 1741: 1737: 1714:weather vane 1691: 1680: 1669: 1654:named after 1649: 1630: 1621: 1613: 1592: 1588: 1554: 1550: 1523: 1519:Stenka Rasin 1507: 1498: 1488: 1456: 1444: 1427: 1399: 1390:Empire style 1387: 1379: 1353: 1345: 1321: 1317: 1282: 1262: 1237: 1225: 1198: 1179: 1171: 1149: 1124: 1075:Iverski Gate 1072: 1068:World War II 1036:Soviet Union 1013: 969:Roger Waters 942: 931: 923:Cessna F172P 919:Mathias Rust 911: 874: 771: 755: 727: 719: 716:18th century 667:Peter I 616: 604: 583: 572: 557: 546: 535: 515: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 481: 453: 433: 409: 399: 375: 373: 368: 360: 352: 338: 321:Moskva River 293: 228: 226: 3544:Kitay-Gorod 3414:Lake Baikal 3273:Lake Baikal 3260:Far Eastern 3135:Pobedobesie 2692:Victory Day 2584:Tsar Cannon 2506:and gardens 2371:Oruzheynaya 2306:Petrovskaya 2291:Tainitskaya 1938: / 1836:Maxim Gorky 1748:labradorite 1557:Ivan Martos 1448:Roman Klein 1440:Joseph Bové 1431:Kitay-gorod 1400:During the 1385:in Russia. 1332:Kuzma Minin 1278:Joseph Bové 1245:Mount Athos 1186:historicism 1044:Victory Day 977:The Beatles 949:The Prodigy 945:Linkin Park 875:During the 763:Joseph Bové 612:Kitai-gorod 558:During the 549:Palm Sunday 484:Veliky Torg 473:Tsar Cannon 297:Kitay-gorod 121: / 96:Coordinates 86:1990 (14th 83:Inscription 3519:Red Square 3513:Categories 3316:Naryn-Kala 3230:Red Square 3059:Young Army 2932:Red Square 2513:Red Square 2419:The Armory 2356:Troitskaya 2341:Nikolskaya 2336:Senatskaya 2255:Red Square 2195:Red Square 2151:2021-05-10 2079:2020-06-13 2057:2022-03-14 2021:2020-10-14 1974:2019-05-06 1950:References 1926:37°37′12″E 1923:55°45′15″N 1770:of state, 1605:Ivan Barma 1511:patriarchs 1429:shape the 1402:Soviet era 492:Troitskaya 464:Neglinnaya 420:coronation 390:, and the 376:Red Square 229:Red Square 109:37°37′12″E 106:55°45′15″N 3495:Lithuania 2698:(1941–45) 2599:Red Porch 2589:Tsar Bell 2552:Monuments 2382:buildings 2331:Spasskaya 2326:Tsarskaya 2321:Nabatnaya 1146:Buildings 961:Scorpions 921:landed a 597:beautiful 584:Krasivaya 562:, Prince 369:krasivaya 73:Reference 3489:Mongolia 3434:Southern 3401:Siberian 3391:Kenozero 2443:Churches 2204:Archived 2146:Nowadays 2103:June 14, 2098:BBC News 1861:See also 1667:towers. 1633:Ivan III 1565:Napoleon 1503:Golgotha 1117:Red Army 953:t.A.T.u. 665:by Tsar 663:streltsy 531:Zaryadye 523:Varvarka 500:Krasnaya 365:красивая 361:krasnaya 303:and the 282:Location 266:and the 64:Criteria 58:, Russia 51:Location 3465:Bolghar 3224:Kremlin 3211:Central 3154:Part of 3108:Related 3097:Berkuts 3082:Strizhi 2704:By year 2694:in the 2686:Annual 2504:Squares 2361:Kutafya 2251:Kremlin 1996:15 July 1898:Sources 1744:granite 1563:led by 1513:of the 1040:May Day 981:records 957:Shakira 722:theater 591: 519:Ilyinka 449:sazhens 406:History 388:Kremlin 386:of the 357:красная 256:Kremlin 248:squares 88:Session 2618:Former 2268:Towers 2126:May 9, 1907: 1664:Gothic 1467:UNESCO 1241:Iviron 1046:, and 1034:. The 934:UNESCO 907:Stalin 877:Soviet 813:, 1801 797:, 1800 619:prikaz 502:name. 496:Pozhar 460:Moskva 436:Moskva 400:Pozhar 382:, the 347:, and 345:Yelets 341:Suzdal 272:UNESCO 252:Moscow 56:Moscow 3452:Volga 2122:. 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