680:
such as large floating mats of vegetation with no connection to the shoreline. Such sites, safe from most predators and large enough to provide some wind and wave protection, have grebes nesting much closer than shoreline breeders, down to 10 m (33 ft). Pairs nesting in these colonies produce larger clutches of eggs, which hatch earlier in the season and result in larger broods. The territory is defended with various threat displays, including wing-spreading, hunching, and bill-thrusting; pairs breeding in colonies are more aggressive, less likely to leave the nest unguarded and show a greater tendency to move out of sight of the colony when not incubating. Breeding is often in loose association with
708:
764:
704:
emergent vegetation, in water 0.5–0.75 m (20–30 in) deep, and with the bulk of nest below the water line. Egg-laying mainly takes place from mid-April to May in Europe, and somewhat later, from mid-May to June, in North
America. Parents may leave the nest for significant periods of time during the night, possibly to evade nocturnal predators. It is unclear whether this is for self-protection or to protect the eggs by diverting attention from the nest; the clutch does not appear to suffer from this temporary abandonment, whatever the reason.
202:
669:
80:
2700:
31:
688:
55:
825:
478:
532:
2712:
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scattered rocks and patches of seaweed. During winter, birds typically feed alone and rarely aggregate into flocks, but on migration, concentrations of over 2000 individuals may occur at favoured staging sites. Migration is usually at night, but may occur during the day, especially when over water. This is particularly noticeable in autumn on the Great Lakes, when up to 18,000 birds may pass
2688:
807:
water. The grebe probably opens its bill and looks down the eye-line toward its target. European breeders, which have to compete with the larger great crested grebe for fish, eat a greater proportion of invertebrates than the longer-billed
American subspecies, although both races eat mainly fish in winter. Birds of the nominate subspecies from the northernmost breeding populations in
725:
chicks when they are still being carried. Later they care for the younger chicks for longer, and are aggressive with the older offspring. This equalises the post-fledging survival of all chicks, and encourages their independence. The brood may be split, so that each parent feeds only some of the chicks. This spreads the feeding demand equally between the parents.
516:, and beat very rapidly. Its small wing area means that the grebe is unable to take off from land, and needs a lengthy run across water to gain the speed needed for take-off. Like all grebes, the red-necked is an expert swimmer; it uses its feet for propulsion underwater, and steers by rotating its legs, since its tail is too short for this purpose.
523:, given by a single bird or a pair in duet, by night or during the day, and often from cover. Long sequences of up to 60 consecutive notes may be delivered during singing encounters between rival territorial birds. A great variety of quacking, clucking, hissing, rattling and purring calls are also given, with much individual variation.
806:
Aquatic prey is obtained by diving or by swimming on surface with the head submerged, and terrestrial insects and their larvae are picked off vegetation. A line slanting downward from the eye to the tip of the opened lower mandible may be used for sighting on prey before diving or when swimming under
579:
The breeding range of the red-necked grebe overlaps with that of the
Slavonian grebe, although the latter species tends to be displaced from sites suited to both. The red-necked grebe prefers an inland temperate climate, and is less successful near coasts and in subarctic and warm temperate zones. It
724:
downy chicks hatch; they immediately climb onto the parent's back, where they spend most of their time until they are 10–17 days old. The young may be fed by the parents for up to 54 days after fledging, and can fly at 50–70 days. The parents do not interfere with the feeding of their
699:
pair forms in April or May on migration or at the breeding water, and a highly vocal courtship ritual commences. The elaborate breeding performance includes head-shaking, a head-lowered "cat" display, parallel rushes in an upright position and mutual presentations of green weeds, and culminates in a
679:
Red-necked grebes usually nest as isolated pairs with more than 50 m (160 ft) between neighbouring nests, although semi-colonial nesting may occur in suitable sites, where up to 20 pairs each defend a linear territory. Semi-colonial breeding is more likely to occur in prime locations,
485:
The winter plumage of the red-necked grebe is duskier than that of other grebes; its dark grey cap is less defined, and merges into the grey face, and a pale crescent that curves around the rear of the face contrasts with the rest of the head. The front of the neck is whitish or light grey, the hind
473:
of North
America, but noticeably larger than other northern grebe species. The adult of the nominate European subspecies is 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long with a 77–85 cm (30–33 in) average wingspan, and weighs 692–925 g (24.4–32.6 oz). In breeding plumage, it has a black cap
293:
Like all grebes, the red-necked is a good swimmer and particularly swift diver, and responds to danger by diving rather than flying. The feet are positioned far back on the body, near the tail, which makes the bird ungainly on land. It dives for fish or picks insects off vegetation; it also swallows
811:
and Russia, beyond the range of great crested grebe, have a longer and more slender bill than those further south, reflecting a greater proportion of fish in the diet where their main competitor is absent. If food is scarce, parents may desert unhatched eggs, or allow the smallest chicks to starve,
504:
is larger than the nominate race at 43–56 cm (17–22 in) length, with a 61–88 cm (24–35 in) wingspan, and a weight of 750–1,600 g (26–56 oz). The plumages are the same as those of the nominate race, although the adult's bill is more extensively yellow. The difference in
883:
which cause reduced reproductive success due to egg sterility and eggshell thinning. Breeding areas may be threatened by the modification and degradation of lakes and by human disturbance from water-based recreational activities. There is no evidence to suggest that these threats could result in a
815:
Like other grebes, the red-necked grebe ingests large quantities of its own feathers, which remain in the bird's stomach. Feathers are not only swallowed by adults, mainly during self-preening, but are often fed to the young, sometimes within a day of hatching. These feathers soon decompose into a
703:
Like all grebes, the red-necked grebe nests near water into which it can escape, since the position of the legs far back on the body prevents fast movement on land. It often breeds further within reed beds than other grebes. The nest is a floating platform of plant matter anchored to submerged or
555:
All populations are migratory and winter mainly at sea, usually in estuaries and bays, but often well offshore where fish are within diving reach near shallow banks or islands. The preferred passage and wintering habitat is water less than 15 m (49 ft) deep with a sand or gravel bottom,
539:
Breeding takes place in shallow freshwater lakes, bays of larger lakes, marshes, and other inland bodies of water, often less than 3 ha (7.4 acres) in extent and less than 2 m (6.6 ft) deep. The red-necked grebe shows a preference for waters in forested areas or, further north, in
422:
of Europe and western Asia. It is possible that the red-necked grebe originally evolved in North
America and later spread to Europe, where a change of diet to include more insects helped to reduce competition with its larger cousin. Fossils of the species dating to the middle
715:
The red-necked grebe lays four or five (range one to nine) dull white or pale blue eggs, which average 3.4 cm (1.3 in) in breadth, 5.1 cm (2.0 in) in length, and weigh about 30.5 g (1.08 oz), of which 10% is shell. Parents take turns to
2396:
836:
about twice as numerous as the nominate race. The population trend has not been quantified, but it is not believed to meet the thresholds for the population decline criterion (declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations) of the
486:
neck is darker grey, and the yellow of the bill is less obvious than in summer. Although the red-necked grebe is unmistakable in breeding plumage, it is less distinctive in winter and can be confused with similar species. It is larger than the
285:
The red-necked grebe is a nondescript dusky-grey bird in winter. During the breeding season, it acquires the distinctive red neck plumage, black cap and contrasting pale grey face from which its name was derived. It also has an elaborate
490:, with a relatively larger bill and a grey, rather than white face. It is closer in size to the Eurasian great crested grebe, but that species is longer-necked, has a more contrasting head pattern, and always shows white above the eye.
552:. The best breeding habitat is fish-ponds, which have an abundance of food in addition to meeting the other requirements. The American subspecies is less tied to a high aquatic plant density, and sometimes breeds on quite open lakes.
816:
felt-like, amorphous mass. The function of the feathers in the stomach is unknown, although it has been suggested that they help to protect the lower digestive tract from bones and other hard, indigestible material.
1015:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
856:) applies. Parties to the Agreement are required to engage in a wide range of conservation strategies which are describes in a detailed action plan. The plan is intended to address key issues such as species and
474:
that extends below the eye, very pale grey cheeks and throat, a rusty red neck, dark grey back and flanks, and white underparts. The eyes are dark brown and the long, pointed bill is black with a yellow base.
751:
may take swimming chicks. On average, for each adult, 0.65 young birds are still alive by their fourth month, although the mortality rate for the adult is unknown. Red-necked grebes attempt to evade
512:
The red-necked grebe flies with its long neck extended and its large feet trailing behind the body, which gives it a stretched-out appearance. The relatively small wings are grey with white
832:
The red-necked grebe has a large range, estimated at 1–10 million square kilometres (0.4–3.8 million square miles), and a global population of 150,000–370,000 individuals, with
519:
This is one of the most vocal grebes during the breeding season, but, like its relatives, it is mainly silent for the rest of the year. It has a loud, wailing or howling display call
278:
of the northern hemisphere. Its wintering habitat is largely restricted to calm waters just beyond the waves around ocean coasts, although some birds may winter on large lakes.
1608:
Klatt, Paul H.; Nuechterlein, Gary L.; Buitron, Deborah (1999). "Frequency and distribution of behaviour of red-necked grebes breeding colonially and in classic territories".
1581:
Nuechterlein, Gary L.; Buitron, Deborah; Sachs, Joel L.; Hughes, Colin R. (February 2003). "Red-necked grebes become semicolonial when prime nesting substrate is available".
871:
periods, but there is no evidence that there is any significant level of hunting at the present time. In North
America, there are potential threats from pollutants such as
736:
have regrown. The red-necked grebe is normally single-brooded, although second broods and re-nesting after a clutch has been lost may extend nesting into July or August.
2099:"Exploitation of birds in the early Mesolithic of Central Russia. In: Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the ICAZ Bird Working Group Kraków, Poland, 11–15 September 2001"
2004:
1550:
Sachs, Joel l.; Hughes, Colin R.; Nuechterlein, Gary L.; Buitron, Deborah (2007). "Evolution of coloniality in birds: a test of hypotheses with the red-necked grebe (
2070:
Simmons, Tal; Dani Nadel (1998). "The avifauna of the early
Epipalaeolithic site of Ohalo II (19 400 years BP), Israel: species diversity, habitat and seasonality".
884:
significant risk to the overall population; more than 70% of North
American red-necked grebes breed in Canada, where the population is stable or increasing.
453:. The east Asian birds have slightly smaller bills than the American form, although the differences are too small to merit separation as a third subspecies.
1868:
2139:
583:
The nominate subspecies breeds from southern Sweden and
Denmark through central and eastern Europe east to western Siberia, and winters mainly in the
2998:
1714:
Kloskowski, Janusz (2001). "Temporal patterns of parental resource distribution in the red-necked grebe: equalizing the share of the survivors".
803:
can constitute up to 20% of the grebe's diet. Birds breeding at the coast often make foraging flights to inland lakes or offshore areas to feed.
1636:
3063:
346:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
290:
and a variety of loud mating calls. Once paired, it builds a nest from water plants on top of floating vegetation in a shallow lake or bog.
3197:
493:
The sexes are similar in appearance, although the male averages heavier than the female. Chicks have a striped head and breast, and older
2083:
580:
is usually a lowland bird, breeding below 100 m (330 ft), although has nested at up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) in Turkey.
2098:
1932:
Fjeldsa, Jon (1982). "The adaptive significance of local variations in the bill and jaw anatomy of North
European red-necked grebes
1363:
2949:
3011:
1770:
3217:
975:
953:
327:
3089:
2040:
3016:
2015:
2376:
2972:
2897:
3146:
2350:
2331:
2312:
2294:
2275:
2256:
2233:
2207:
2188:
1480:
275:
3212:
3154:
2928:
2424:
557:
3068:
1792:
2941:
2910:
1279:
1567:
393:, "foot", and is a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body. The species name
2977:
1594:
1153:"Update Middle Pleistocene fossil birds data from Quartaccio quarry (Vitinia, Italy) – The World of Elephants"
1152:
3050:
2845:
1915:
1681:
1755:
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by diving; when feeding, dives average less than 30 seconds, although escape dives are more prolonged.
2775:
2766:
2402:
2150:
979:
335:
2822:
1050:
375:
1039:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 150–151.
2827:
2678:
1070:
987:
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although the latter strategy appears not to be particularly efficient in protecting the older chicks.
3159:
2791:
1648:
872:
673:
640:
408:
Grebes are small to medium-large water birds with lobed, rather than webbed, toes. There are several
79:
418:
with nine species, one recently extinct. The red-necked grebe's closest relative is the fish-eating
3207:
2388:
3133:
3042:
362:
3120:
1818:
1637:"Bringing Up Baby: Scientists zero in on the caring and cunning ways of a seldom-seen waterbird"
3003:
2809:
2728:
1075:"Grebes, flamingos, buttonquail, plovers, painted-snipes, jacanas, plains-wanderer, seedsnipes"
3029:
3115:
2113:
513:
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prefer shallow bodies of fresh water such as lakes, marshes or fish-ponds as breeding sites.
174:
3107:
2964:
446:
3141:
2884:
2814:
2564:
2417:
1883:
1841:
983:
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763:
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have a striped face, diffuse blackish cap, pale red neck and extensive yellow on the bill.
431:
343:
2140:"The archaeology of wings: Birds and people in the Baltic Sea region during the Stone Age"
1580:
1549:
8:
2603:
1410:
908:
696:
620:
494:
419:
295:
44:
2367:
1887:
1845:
707:
2614:
2573:
2548:
2488:
2319:
2245:
2222:
1907:
1414:
652:
235:
74:
799:) may be important locally or seasonally, especially for the American subspecies, and
700:"penguin" dance in which pair members raise the whole body upright, breast to breast.
461:
The red-necked grebe is a medium-large grebe, smaller than the great crested grebe of
3202:
3102:
2858:
2578:
2523:
2346:
2327:
2308:
2290:
2271:
2252:
2229:
2203:
2184:
1972:
1899:
1476:
604:
287:
3172:
1911:
1418:
2863:
2850:
2665:
2539:
2493:
2483:
2441:
2265:
2079:
1968:
1891:
1849:
1723:
1669:
1617:
1590:
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1406:
926:
717:
632:
470:
2528:
2048:
3076:
2837:
2620:
2437:
2410:
2305:
Atlas of Wintering North American Birds: An Analysis of Christmas Bird Count Data
1895:
1009:
732:
their wing feathers and are temporarily flightless; migration commences once the
573:
487:
365:
was subsequently designated as France. The red-necked grebe is now placed in the
347:
201:
191:
3055:
2915:
1524:
1497:
1445:
1054:
1034:
1013:
991:
957:
2936:
2923:
2716:
2704:
2553:
2217:
1727:
1621:
739:
Eggs may be destroyed and chicks killed by a range of predators, including the
733:
668:
628:
565:
545:
268:
1853:
631:, and American breeders winter in the Pacific, mainly from southern Alaska to
3191:
3024:
2751:
2660:
2630:
2498:
2012:
Agreement on the conservation of African-Eurasian migratory Waterbirds (AEWA)
1074:
917:
842:
838:
569:
561:
466:
351:
315:
64:
59:
2432:
2902:
2699:
2692:
2651:
2640:
2608:
2478:
2266:
Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter (1999).
1903:
860:, management of human activities, research, education, and implementation.
796:
780:
772:
752:
744:
592:
531:
271:
2084:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199803/04)8:2<79::AID-OA386>3.0.CO;2-I
1819:"Body size, nutrient reserves and diet of red-necked and Slavonian grebes
1607:
30:
3128:
3037:
2985:
2760:
2635:
2625:
2503:
2469:
868:
648:
600:
424:
2801:
687:
651:
if they are sufficiently ice-free. This species occurs as a rare winter
624:
3167:
3081:
2954:
2514:
1867:
Ficken, Robert W.; Matthiae, Paul E.; Horwich Robert (September 1971).
1030:
876:
864:
800:
636:
588:
1955:
Kloskowski, J. (April 2003). "Brood reduction in the Red-necked Grebe
964:(in French). Vol. 15. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 374.
850:
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
824:
627:
and west to Mongolia. The Asian birds winter at sea from Japan to the
477:
2343:
The Birds of the Western Palearctic (BWP) concise edition (2 volumes)
1866:
974:
784:
721:
616:
596:
584:
442:
334:. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
91:
2990:
2722:
1389:
Kloskowski, Janusz (2004). "Food provisioning in red-necked grebes (
863:
The Red-necked Grebe was hunted by humans in northern Europe in the
505:
size between the sexes is greater than for this subspecies that for
2876:
2745:
2711:
2589:
788:
549:
414:
370:
151:
111:
655:
in Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of northern and western India.
2889:
2786:
2459:
2247:
Intraspecific Variation in the Social Systems of Wild Vertebrates
808:
792:
740:
644:
462:
450:
311:
3094:
294:
its own feathers, possibly to protect the digestive system. The
2149:. Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki. Archived from
612:
541:
101:
902:
900:
898:
896:
771:
On the breeding grounds, the red-necked grebe feeds mainly on
405:(cheek) and refers to the face pattern of the breeding adult.
2871:
2451:
2433:
776:
729:
409:
383:
366:
279:
141:
131:
1160:
Proceedings 1st International Congress – Rome, October 16–20
564:; these are thought to be Canadian breeders heading for the
2005:"Annex 2: Waterbird species to which the Agreement applies"
1522:
893:
853:
748:
681:
121:
1793:"Observations on the red-necked grebe nesting in Michigan"
1568:
10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[628:EOCIBA]2.0.CO;2
615:, western and central Canada, and the northern US east to
568:
to winter. This easterly route is longer than that to the
326:
The red-necked grebe was described by the French polymath
38:
Gifts of aquatic plants are part of the courtship display
1595:
10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[80:RNGBSW]2.0.CO;2
998:. Vol. 10. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 931.
880:
1470:
848:
The red-necked grebe is one of the species to which the
1059:. London: Printed for Leigh & Sotheby. p. 294.
2069:
906:
2676:
1495:
2341:Snow, David; Perrins, Christopher M., eds. (1998).
302:, found in Europe and western Asia, and the larger
2284:
2244:
2221:
1767:"Marshbird" species conservation status assessment
932:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696599A132582688.en
318:, and the global population is stable or growing.
841:. For these reasons, the species is evaluated as
3189:
2137:
767:Chicks are fed by the parents for several weeks.
441:(Holboell's grebe, named for Danish explorer of
2373:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
2418:
2318:
1475:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1019:(in French). Utrecht. p. 55, Number 931.
430:The red-necked grebe has two subspecies, the
1700:
1698:
1574:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1029:
691:Breeding areas must have emergent vegetation
342:which was produced under the supervision of
2340:
2096:
1443:
1430:
1428:
1364:"BirdLife International Species factsheet:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1150:
1069:
1056:Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds
619:; in Asia it nests in eastern Siberia from
535:A breeding adult of the nominate subspecies
526:
374:that was erected by the English naturalist
2425:
2411:
1979:
1954:
1869:"Eye Marks in Vertebrates: Aids to Vision"
1816:
1790:
1784:
1713:
1450:(Boddaert) again sighted in West Pakistan"
1388:
1325:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1228:
1226:
1120:
200:
53:
29:
2216:
2131:
2072:International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
2033:
1988:
1695:
1502:) on the Pong Dam Lake, Himachal Pradesh"
1316:
1298:
1235:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1187:
1185:
1166:
1102:
930:
2307:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2197:
2047:. UNEP/ AEWA Secretariat. Archived from
2014:. UNEP/ AEWA Secretariat. Archived from
1750:
1748:
1746:
1471:Rasmussen, PC & JC Anderton (2005).
1425:
1343:
1334:
1307:
1111:
1093:
1008:
996:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
823:
762:
706:
686:
667:
663:
530:
481:Adult of American subspecies with chicks
476:
340:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
2178:
1931:
1925:
1771:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1259:
958:"Le grèbe a joues grises ou le jougris"
720:the eggs for 21–33 days until the
3190:
2377:Flicker Field Guide Birds of the World
1860:
1634:
1628:
1523:Mundkur, Taej; Pravez, Rishad (1989).
1203:
1194:
1182:
1049:
952:
328:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
310:), found in North America and eastern
2727:
2726:
2406:
1743:
1601:
1543:
1473:Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
1081:. International Ornithologists' Union
1033:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
2942:5f144163-f05d-4946-9348-4b90437541a3
2242:
2045:African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement
1997:
1827:on Lake IJsselmeer, The Netherlands"
1734:
3198:IUCN Red List least concern species
2978:red-necked-grebe-podiceps-grisegena
2345:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2285:Ogilvie, M.A.; Rose, Chris (2002).
2228:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
2183:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1662:
1286:. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
918:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1411:10.1023/B:HYDR.0000038860.37405.d0
1063:
544:, and favours sites with abundant
412:, of which the most widespread is
14:
3229:
2361:
2289:. New York: Bruce Coleman Books.
1525:"Sight record of Rednecked Grebe
16:Species of migratory aquatic bird
2710:
2698:
2686:
1973:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00145.x
1036:Check-list of Birds of the World
976:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
954:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
684:or other colonial water birds.
437:in Europe and western Asia, and
78:
2090:
2063:
1948:
1810:
1791:Chamberlin, Michael L. (1977).
1707:
1516:
1498:"Sighting of Rednecked Grebes (
1496:Gaston, A J; Pandey, S (1987).
1489:
1464:
1437:
1382:
1179:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 57–60
1144:
1073:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
907:BirdLife International (2018).
635:(with smaller numbers south to
449:) in North America and eastern
2397:Red-necked Grebe photo gallery
1635:Jablow, Valerie (April 2003).
1232:Snow & Perrin (1998) 20–22
1191:Snow & Perrin (1998) 17–20
1043:
1023:
1002:
968:
962:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
946:
591:, with smaller numbers in the
456:
332:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
3218:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
2324:The North American Bird Guide
2224:Diving Birds of North America
2171:
1682:British Trust for Ornithology
1117:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 8–9
1108:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 102
2399:at VIREO (Drexel University)
2303:Root, Terry Louise. (1988).
2202:. London: Christopher Helm.
2097:Zhilin MG, Karhu AA (2002).
1994:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 96
1896:10.1126/science.173.4000.936
1704:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 94
1647:(1): 333–337. Archived from
1304:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 92
1141:Johnsgard, PA (1987) 130–135
1099:Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 98
658:
639:), and in the Atlantic from
7:
2106:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
1079:World Bird List Version 9.2
988:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
647:. Some birds remain on the
611:breeds in North America in
321:
10:
3234:
2440:: Podicipediformes ·
1728:10.1163/156853901317367636
1622:10.1163/156853904322981842
980:Martinet, François-Nicolas
758:
728:After breeding the adults
427:have been found in Italy.
2735:
2649:
2587:
2562:
2537:
2512:
2467:
2449:
2270:. London: HarperCollins.
2181:The Grebes: Podicipedidae
2112:: 109–116. Archived from
1854:10.1080/00063658809476975
925:: e.T22696599A132582688.
873:polychlorinated biphenyls
819:
779:aquatic insects, such as
743:in North America and the
711:Chicks on a parent's back
674:Museum Wiesbaden, Germany
641:Newfoundland and Labrador
336:François-Nicolas Martinet
241:
234:
208:
199:
180:
173:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
2389:Internet Bird Collection
2384:"Red-necked Grebe media"
2198:Harrison, Peter (1988).
1533:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1506:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1454:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1370:. BirdLife International
887:
527:Distribution and habitat
488:Slavonian (horned) grebe
389:, "vent" or "anus", and
378:in 1787. The genus name
357:in his catalogue of the
3213:Birds described in 1783
1740:Lott (1991) 74, 76, 146
2243:Lott, Dale F. (1991).
2138:Mannermaa, Kristiina.
1985:Johnsgard (1987) 37–53
1331:Johnsgard (1987) 26–36
829:
768:
712:
692:
676:
536:
482:
298:of its two subspecies—
3116:Paleobiology Database
2179:Fjeldsa, Jon (2004).
2147:Academic dissertation
1529:near Rajkot, Gujarat"
984:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
827:
766:
710:
690:
671:
664:Breeding and survival
607:and on inland lakes.
534:
480:
2937:Fauna Europaea (new)
2611:(or Slavonian grebe)
1444:Savage, CDW (1968).
1151:Bedetti, C. (2001).
858:habitat conservation
775:including adult and
344:Edme-Louis Daubenton
2604:Great crested grebe
2368:Red-necked Grebe -
2287:Grebes of the World
2051:on 11 February 2012
1888:1971Sci...173..936F
1846:1988BirdS..35...13P
1817:Piersma, T (1988).
1756:"Red-necked Grebe (
1527:Podiceps griseigena
1448:Podiceps griseigena
1434:Harrison (1988) 217
546:emergent vegetation
432:nominate subspecies
420:great crested grebe
359:Planches Enluminées
296:conservation status
244:Podiceps griseigena
45:Conservation status
3173:Podiceps-grisegena
2767:Podiceps grisegena
2737:Podiceps grisegena
2615:Black-necked grebe
2574:Hoary-headed grebe
2549:White-tufted grebe
2489:Australasian grebe
2370:Podiceps grisegena
2268:Collins Bird Guide
2218:Johnsgard, Paul A.
1957:Podiceps grisegena
1934:Podiceps grisegena
1821:Podiceps grisegena
1758:Podiceps grisegena
1672:Podiceps grisegena
1670:"Red-necked Grebe
1500:Podiceps grisegena
1393:) at common carp (
1391:Podiceps grisegena
1366:Podiceps grisegena
1313:Fjeldsa (2004) 140
1280:"Red-necked Grebe"
911:Podiceps grisegena
830:
769:
713:
693:
677:
537:
483:
447:Carl Peter Holbøll
355:Colymbus grisegena
264:Podiceps grisegena
229: Non-breeding
184:Podiceps grisegena
3183:
3182:
3103:Open Tree of Life
2729:Taxon identifiers
2674:
2673:
2579:New Zealand grebe
2524:Pied-billed grebe
1882:(4000): 936–939.
1722:(11): 1355–1370.
1674:(Boddaert, 1783)"
1446:"Rednecked Grebe
1340:Fjeldsa (2004) 10
1322:Fjeldsa (2004) 31
572:, but avoids the
314:—is evaluated as
288:courtship display
276:temperate regions
255:
254:
166:P. grisegena
68:
24:Red-necked grebe
3225:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3072:
3071:
3059:
3058:
3056:NBNSYS0000000223
3046:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2965:red-necked-grebe
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2792:1CBD2CED48B674A4
2782:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2617:(or eared grebe)
2599:Red-necked grebe
2494:Madagascar grebe
2484:Tricolored grebe
2444:: Podicipedidae)
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2356:
2337:
2300:
2281:
2262:
2250:
2239:
2227:
2213:
2194:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1914:. Archived from
1873:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1831:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1752:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1552:Podiceps grisena
1547:
1541:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1405:(1–3): 131–138.
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1257:
1250:
1233:
1230:
1201:
1200:Sibley (2000) 29
1198:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1010:Boddaert, Pieter
1006:
1000:
999:
972:
966:
965:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
934:
904:
834:P. g. holboellii
828:Adult and chicks
795:. Fish (such as
672:Egg, Collection
633:British Columbia
330:in 1781 in his
259:red-necked grebe
228:
222:
216:
204:
186:
132:Podicipediformes
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3208:Holarctic birds
3188:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3077:Observation.org
3075:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2731:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2645:
2621:Colombian grebe
2583:
2558:
2533:
2508:
2463:
2445:
2431:
2382:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2334:
2297:
2278:
2259:
2251:. CUP Archive.
2236:
2210:
2191:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2119:on 4 March 2016
2116:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2021:on 28 July 2011
2018:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1953:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1829:
1815:
1811:
1800:Wilson Bulletin
1795:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1633:
1629:
1606:
1602:
1579:
1575:
1548:
1544:
1521:
1517:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1469:
1465:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1395:Cyprinus carpio
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1260:
1251:
1236:
1231:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1167:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1007:
1003:
973:
969:
951:
947:
937:
935:
905:
894:
890:
822:
761:
734:flight feathers
666:
661:
609:P. g. holboelii
558:Whitefish Point
529:
507:P. g. grisegena
502:P. g. holboelii
500:The subspecies
459:
439:P. g. holboelii
435:P. g. grisegena
348:Pieter Boddaert
324:
304:P. g. holboelii
300:P. g. grisegena
230:
226:
224:
220:
218:
214:
195:
188:
182:
169:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3073:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2924:Fauna Europaea
2920:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2796:
2783:
2772:
2757:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Titicaca grebe
2551:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2380:
2374:
2363:
2362:External links
2360:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2326:. Pica Press.
2316:
2301:
2295:
2282:
2276:
2263:
2257:
2240:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2195:
2189:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2156:on 23 May 2011
2130:
2089:
2062:
2041:"Introduction"
2032:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1967:(2): 233–243.
1947:
1924:
1921:on 2014-01-09.
1859:
1809:
1783:
1742:
1733:
1706:
1694:
1661:
1627:
1616:(3): 263–277.
1600:
1573:
1562:(2): 628–642.
1542:
1515:
1488:
1481:
1463:
1436:
1424:
1381:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1258:
1234:
1202:
1193:
1181:
1165:
1143:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1062:
1042:
1022:
1001:
967:
945:
891:
889:
886:
821:
818:
760:
757:
665:
662:
660:
657:
629:East China Sea
566:Atlantic Ocean
528:
525:
471:Clark's grebes
458:
455:
397:is from Latin
323:
320:
253:
252:
239:
238:
232:
231:
225:
223: Resident
219:
217: Breeding
213:
206:
205:
197:
196:
189:
178:
177:
171:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3230:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2667:
2666:Clark's grebe
2664:
2662:
2661:Western grebe
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Silvery grebe
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:Poliocephalus
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2529:Atitlán grebe
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Alaotra grebe
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2354:
2352:0-19-854099-X
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2333:1-873403-98-4
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:Sibley, David
2317:
2314:
2313:0-226-72540-5
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:1-872842-03-8
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2277:0-00-219728-6
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2258:0-521-37024-8
2254:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2235:0-8032-2566-0
2231:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2209:0-7470-1410-8
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2190:0-19-850064-5
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2042:
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2017:
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1651:on 2014-01-08
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1512:(3): 676–677.
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1482:84-87334-67-9
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1399:Hydrobiologia
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843:Least Concern
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839:IUCN Red List
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781:water beetles
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363:type locality
360:
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352:binomial name
349:
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319:
317:
316:Least Concern
313:
309:
308:Holbœll grebe
305:
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291:
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274:found in the
273:
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175:Binomial name
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142:Podicipedidae
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60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
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2736:
2652:Aechmophorus
2650:
2641:Hooded grebe
2609:Horned grebe
2598:
2588:
2563:
2538:
2513:
2479:Little grebe
2468:
2458:
2450:
2387:
2369:
2342:
2323:
2304:
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2246:
2223:
2199:
2180:
2158:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2146:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2109:
2105:
2092:
2078:(2): 79–96.
2075:
2071:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:the original
2044:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2016:the original
2011:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1944:(2–3): 84–9.
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1916:the original
1879:
1875:
1862:
1840:(1): 13–24.
1837:
1834:Bird Studies
1833:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1766:
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1736:
1719:
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1709:
1685:. Retrieved
1677:
1671:
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1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1644:
1640:
1630:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1589:(1): 80–94.
1586:
1582:
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1394:
1390:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1365:
1336:
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1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1253:
1196:
1159:
1146:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1078:
1065:
1055:
1051:Latham, John
1045:
1035:
1025:
1014:
1004:
995:
992:"Le Jougris"
970:
961:
948:
936:. Retrieved
922:
916:
910:
862:
849:
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833:
831:
814:
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745:carrion crow
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727:
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694:
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284:
272:aquatic bird
263:
262:
258:
256:
247:
243:
242:
211:P. grisegena
210:
183:
181:
165:
164:
152:
18:
3129:SeaLifeBase
3038:NatureServe
2986:iNaturalist
2761:Wikispecies
2636:Junin grebe
2626:Great grebe
2504:Least grebe
2470:Tachybaptus
2379:Photographs
1806:(1): 33–46.
1641:Smithsonian
1071:Gill, Frank
1031:Mayr, Ernst
938:13 November
875:(PCBs) and
869:Paleolithic
801:crustaceans
747:in Europe.
649:Great Lakes
601:Caspian Sea
589:Baltic Seas
514:secondaries
457:Description
443:Greenlandic
425:Pleistocene
401:(grey) and
382:comes from
376:John Latham
350:coined the
3192:Categories
3168:Xeno-canto
2515:Podilymbus
2172:References
1825:P. auritus
1678:Bird facts
1655:2013-03-03
1583:The Condor
1397:) ponds".
1252:Mullarney
877:pesticides
865:Mesolithic
697:monogamous
637:California
548:, such as
465:, and the
306:(formerly
2540:Rollandia
2160:31 August
2123:31 August
1776:16 August
1716:Behaviour
1687:14 August
1610:Behaviour
1539:(3): 440.
1460:(3): 773.
1374:12 August
1290:26 August
1284:BirdFacts
1016:enluminés
785:dragonfly
722:precocial
659:Behaviour
623:south to
621:Kamchatka
617:Minnesota
597:Black Sea
495:juveniles
395:grisegena
269:migratory
209:Range of
160:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
3203:Podiceps
3043:2.101127
3030:22696599
3004:11218067
2890:45509031
2815:22696599
2810:BirdLife
2799:BioLib:
2746:Wikidata
2590:Podiceps
2322:(2000).
2220:(1987).
2200:Seabirds
1912:11246159
1904:17751319
1419:21584307
1162:: 18–22.
1053:(1787).
1012:(1783).
956:(1781).
879:such as
793:molluscs
789:crayfish
787:larvae,
718:incubate
625:Hokkaido
593:Adriatic
550:reedbeds
415:Podiceps
380:Podiceps
371:Podiceps
322:Taxonomy
236:Synonyms
192:Boddaert
153:Podiceps
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
2955:2482051
2787:Avibase
2752:Q179919
2717:Biology
2705:Animals
2679:Portals
2460:Species
1884:Bibcode
1876:Science
1842:Bibcode
1556:The Auk
1085:16 July
809:Finland
759:Feeding
741:raccoon
653:vagrant
645:Florida
574:Rockies
570:Pacific
467:western
463:Eurasia
451:Siberia
399:griseus
387:podicis
338:in the
312:Siberia
267:) is a
194:, 1783)
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
3160:137183
3134:155259
3121:369441
3108:740071
3095:137183
3017:174479
2962:GNAB:
2911:EURING
2877:rengre
2851:bob100
2838:rengre
2780:renegr
2442:family
2434:Grebes
2349:
2330:
2311:
2293:
2274:
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2206:
2187:
2055:4 July
2025:4 July
1910:
1902:
1479:
1417:
1254:et al.
820:Status
777:larval
613:Alaska
542:tundra
540:shrub
521:uooooh
445:birds
410:genera
361:. The
280:Grebes
248:Lapsus
227:
221:
215:
3155:WoRMS
3147:14206
3069:80367
2999:IRMNG
2929:96562
2898:EUNIS
2872:eBird
2864:4KPNX
2835:BOW:
2693:Birds
2452:Genus
2438:order
2154:(PDF)
2143:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
2102:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
2008:(PDF)
1919:(PDF)
1908:S2CID
1872:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1763:(PDF)
1415:S2CID
1156:(PDF)
888:Notes
797:smelt
730:moult
682:gulls
585:North
384:Latin
367:genus
3090:OBIS
3064:NCBI
3025:IUCN
3012:ITIS
2991:4224
2950:GBIF
2903:1227
2828:9452
2823:BOLD
2802:8341
2347:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2272:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2230:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2162:2008
2125:2008
2057:2008
2027:2008
1961:Ibis
1900:PMID
1823:and
1778:2008
1689:2008
1554:)".
1477:ISBN
1376:2008
1292:2008
1087:2019
940:2021
923:2018
867:and
854:AEWA
791:and
783:and
749:Pike
695:The
587:and
469:and
403:gena
257:The
122:Aves
3142:TSA
3082:367
3051:NBN
2973:IBC
2916:100
2885:EoL
2859:CoL
2846:BTO
2776:ABA
2080:doi
1969:doi
1965:145
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1936:".
1892:doi
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