Knowledge

Computable set

Source 📝

2426: 2496: 565:
A is a computable set if and only if it is either the range of a nondecreasing total computable function, or the empty set. The image of a computable set under a nondecreasing total computable function is computable.
384:
The set of Gödel numbers of arithmetic proofs described in Kurt Gödel's paper "On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems I" is computable; see
58:
which takes a number as input, terminates after a finite amount of time (possibly depending on the given number) and correctly decides whether the number belongs to the set or not.
322: 556: 266: 240: 205: 179: 358: 286: 144: 110: 805: 664: 2953: 1480: 1563: 704: 1877: 2035: 523:
is computable. (In general, the image of a computable set under a computable function is c.e., but possibly not computable).
823: 385: 2642: 2462: 1890: 1213: 2970: 1895: 1885: 1622: 1475: 828: 819: 2031: 650: 636: 628: 614: 606: 1373: 2128: 1872: 697: 2948: 1433: 1126: 575: 2828: 867: 3108: 2389: 2091: 1854: 1849: 1674: 1095: 779: 3103: 2722: 2601: 2384: 2167: 2084: 1797: 1728: 1605: 847: 17: 2965: 2309: 2135: 1821: 1455: 1054: 396: 80:
sets. For these sets, it is only required that there is an algorithm that correctly decides when a number
2958: 2596: 2559: 2187: 2182: 1792: 1531: 1460: 789: 690: 2116: 1706: 1100: 1068: 759: 423: 2613: 298: 2647: 2539: 2527: 2522: 2406: 2355: 2252: 1750: 1711: 1188: 833: 529: 862: 361:) is computable; that is, the set of natural numbers less than a given natural number is computable. 84:
in the set; the algorithm may give no answer (but not the wrong answer) for numbers not in the set.
2455: 2247: 2177: 1716: 1568: 1551: 1274: 754: 3067: 2985: 2860: 2812: 2626: 2549: 2079: 2056: 2017: 1903: 1844: 1490: 1410: 1254: 1198: 811: 497: 480: 440: 3019: 2900: 2712: 2532: 2369: 2096: 2074: 2041: 1934: 1780: 1765: 1738: 1689: 1573: 1508: 1333: 1299: 1294: 1168: 999: 976: 559: 245: 2935: 2905: 2849: 2769: 2749: 2727: 2299: 2152: 1944: 1662: 1398: 1304: 1163: 1148: 1029: 1004: 505: 73: 210: 184: 149: 3009: 2999: 2833: 2764: 2717: 2657: 2544: 2272: 2234: 2111: 1915: 1755: 1679: 1657: 1485: 1443: 1342: 1309: 1173: 961: 872: 417: 31: 8: 3004: 2915: 2823: 2818: 2632: 2574: 2512: 2448: 2401: 2292: 2277: 2257: 2214: 2101: 2051: 1977: 1922: 1859: 1652: 1647: 1595: 1363: 1352: 1024: 924: 852: 843: 839: 774: 769: 516: 325: 124: 2927: 2922: 2707: 2662: 2569: 2430: 2199: 2162: 2147: 2140: 2123: 1927: 1909: 1775: 1701: 1684: 1637: 1450: 1359: 1193: 1178: 1138: 1090: 1075: 1063: 1019: 994: 764: 713: 580: 374: 293: 271: 129: 95: 1383: 2784: 2621: 2584: 2554: 2485: 2425: 2365: 2172: 1982: 1972: 1864: 1745: 1580: 1556: 1337: 1321: 1226: 1203: 1080: 1049: 1014: 909: 744: 646: 632: 624: 610: 602: 410: 35: 3072: 3062: 3047: 3042: 2910: 2564: 2379: 2374: 2267: 2224: 2046: 2007: 2002: 1987: 1813: 1770: 1667: 1465: 1415: 989: 951: 668: 2941: 2879: 2697: 2517: 2360: 2350: 2304: 2287: 2242: 2204: 2106: 2026: 1833: 1760: 1733: 1721: 1627: 1541: 1515: 1470: 1438: 1239: 1041: 984: 934: 899: 857: 403: 378: 344:
subset of the natural numbers is computable. This includes these special cases:
3077: 2874: 2759: 2744: 2701: 2637: 2579: 2345: 2324: 2282: 2157: 2012: 1610: 1600: 1590: 1585: 1519: 1393: 1269: 1158: 1153: 1131: 732: 513: 490: 289: 121: 113: 39: 3097: 3082: 2884: 2798: 2793: 2319: 1997: 1504: 1289: 1279: 1249: 1234: 904: 3052: 519:
is a computable set. The image of a computable set under a total computable
3032: 3027: 2845: 2774: 2732: 2591: 2495: 2219: 2066: 1967: 1959: 1839: 1787: 1696: 1632: 1615: 1546: 1405: 1264: 966: 749: 367: 3057: 2692: 2329: 2209: 1388: 1378: 1325: 1009: 929: 914: 794: 739: 3037: 2808: 2471: 1259: 1114: 1085: 891: 72:
A more general class of sets than the computable ones consists of the
2840: 2803: 2754: 2652: 2411: 2314: 1367: 1284: 1244: 1208: 1144: 956: 946: 919: 682: 673: 585: 520: 348: 55: 645:
Perspectives in Mathematical Logic. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.
2396: 2194: 1642: 1347: 941: 509: 341: 1992: 784: 2865: 2687: 2737: 2504: 2440: 1536: 882: 727: 621:
The Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability
662: 601:
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-New York, 1980.
532: 413:
of two finite simplicial complexes is not computable.
301: 274: 248: 213: 187: 152: 132: 98: 526:
A is a computable set if and only if it is at level
550: 316: 280: 260: 234: 199: 173: 138: 104: 3095: 354:The entire set of natural numbers is computable. 2456: 698: 331: 2463: 2449: 890: 705: 691: 304: 643:Recursively enumerable sets and degrees. 61:A set which is not computable is called 14: 3096: 712: 2444: 686: 663: 87: 24: 534: 25: 3120: 656: 359:as defined in standard set theory 74:computably enumerable (c.e.) sets 2494: 2424: 317:{\displaystyle \mathbb {1} _{S}} 576:Recursively enumerable language 551:{\displaystyle \Delta _{1}^{0}} 386:Gödel's incompleteness theorems 27:Concept in computability theory 2470: 223: 217: 162: 156: 13: 1: 2385:History of mathematical logic 591: 439:is a computable set then the 430: 2310:Primitive recursive function 512:of a computable set under a 397:List of undecidable problems 377:is a computable subset of a 7: 569: 10: 3125: 2954:von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel 1374:Schröder–Bernstein theorem 1101:Monadic predicate calculus 760:Foundations of mathematics 394: 268:. In other words, the set 3018: 2981: 2893: 2783: 2755:One-to-one correspondence 2671: 2612: 2503: 2492: 2478: 2420: 2407:Philosophy of mathematics 2356:Automated theorem proving 2338: 2233: 2065: 1958: 1810: 1527: 1503: 1481:Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel 1426: 1320: 1224: 1122: 1113: 1040: 975: 881: 803: 720: 455:are computable sets then 404:Turing machines that halt 332:Examples and non-examples 261:{\displaystyle x\notin S} 447:is a computable set. If 2057:Self-verifying theories 1878:Tarski's axiomatization 829:Tarski's undefinability 824:incompleteness theorems 481:Cantor pairing function 424:Hilbert's tenth problem 2713:Constructible universe 2540:Constructibility (V=L) 2431:Mathematics portal 2042:Proof of impossibility 1690:propositional variable 1000:Propositional calculus 560:arithmetical hierarchy 552: 318: 282: 262: 236: 235:{\displaystyle f(x)=0} 201: 200:{\displaystyle x\in S} 175: 174:{\displaystyle f(x)=1} 140: 106: 3109:Theory of computation 2936:Principia Mathematica 2770:Transfinite induction 2629:(i.e. set difference) 2300:Kolmogorov complexity 2253:Computably enumerable 2153:Model complete theory 1945:Principia Mathematica 1005:Propositional formula 834:Banach–Tarski paradox 553: 506:computably enumerable 483:are computable sets. 418:busy beaver champions 357:Each natural number ( 319: 283: 263: 237: 202: 176: 141: 107: 3104:Computability theory 3010:Burali-Forti paradox 2765:Set-builder notation 2718:Continuum hypothesis 2658:Symmetric difference 2248:Church–Turing thesis 2235:Computability theory 1444:continuum hypothesis 962:Square of opposition 820:Gödel's completeness 530: 489:is a computable set 299: 272: 246: 211: 185: 150: 130: 96: 32:computability theory 2971:Tarski–Grothendieck 2402:Mathematical object 2293:P versus NP problem 2258:Computable function 2052:Reverse mathematics 1978:Logical consequence 1855:primitive recursive 1850:elementary function 1623:Free/bound variable 1476:Tarski–Grothendieck 995:Logical connectives 925:Logical equivalence 775:Logical consequence 547: 517:computable function 125:computable function 2560:Limitation of size 2200:Transfer principle 2163:Semantics of logic 2148:Categorical theory 2124:Non-standard model 1638:Logical connective 765:Information theory 714:Mathematical logic 581:Recursive language 548: 533: 426:is not computable. 420:is not computable. 406:is not computable. 375:recursive language 314: 294:indicator function 278: 258: 232: 197: 171: 136: 120:if there exists a 102: 3091: 3090: 3000:Russell's paradox 2949:Zermelo–Fraenkel 2850:Dedekind-infinite 2723:Diagonal argument 2622:Cartesian product 2486:Set (mathematics) 2438: 2437: 2370:Abstract category 2173:Theories of truth 1983:Rule of inference 1973:Natural deduction 1954: 1953: 1499: 1498: 1204:Cartesian product 1109: 1108: 1015:Many-valued logic 990:Boolean functions 873:Russell's paradox 848:diagonal argument 745:First-order logic 471:and the image of 411:isomorphism class 281:{\displaystyle S} 139:{\displaystyle f} 105:{\displaystyle S} 88:Formal definition 16:(Redirected from 3116: 3073:Bertrand Russell 3063:John von Neumann 3048:Abraham Fraenkel 3043:Richard Dedekind 3005:Suslin's problem 2916:Cantor's theorem 2633:De Morgan's laws 2498: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2429: 2428: 2380:History of logic 2375:Category of sets 2268:Decision problem 2047:Ordinal analysis 1988:Sequent calculus 1886:Boolean algebras 1826: 1825: 1800: 1771:logical/constant 1525: 1524: 1511: 1434:Zermelo–Fraenkel 1185:Set operations: 1120: 1119: 1057: 888: 887: 868:Löwenheim–Skolem 755:Formal semantics 707: 700: 693: 684: 683: 679: 678: 557: 555: 554: 549: 546: 541: 340:Every finite or 323: 321: 320: 315: 313: 312: 307: 287: 285: 284: 279: 267: 265: 264: 259: 241: 239: 238: 233: 206: 204: 203: 198: 180: 178: 177: 172: 145: 143: 142: 137: 111: 109: 108: 103: 21: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3014: 2993: 2977: 2942:New Foundations 2889: 2779: 2698:Cardinal number 2681: 2667: 2608: 2499: 2490: 2474: 2469: 2439: 2434: 2423: 2416: 2361:Category theory 2351:Algebraic logic 2334: 2305:Lambda calculus 2243:Church encoding 2229: 2205:Truth predicate 2061: 2027:Complete theory 1950: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1798: 1518: and  1514: 1509: 1495: 1471:New Foundations 1439:axiom of choice 1422: 1384:Gödel numbering 1324: and  1316: 1220: 1105: 1055: 1036: 985:Boolean algebra 971: 935:Equiconsistency 900:Classical logic 877: 858:Halting problem 846: and  822: and  810: and  809: 804:Theorems ( 799: 716: 711: 669:"Recursive Set" 659: 594: 572: 542: 537: 531: 528: 527: 433: 399: 379:formal language 334: 308: 303: 302: 300: 297: 296: 273: 270: 269: 247: 244: 243: 212: 209: 208: 186: 183: 182: 151: 148: 147: 131: 128: 127: 114:natural numbers 97: 94: 93: 90: 54:if there is an 40:natural numbers 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3122: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3078:Thoralf Skolem 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2843: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2816: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2760:Ordinal number 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2638:Disjoint union 2635: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2588: 2587: 2585:Martin's axiom 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2550:Extensionality 2547: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2467: 2460: 2453: 2445: 2436: 2435: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2346:Abstract logic 2342: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2325:Turing machine 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2265: 2263:Computable set 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2158:Satisfiability 2155: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2075:Interpretation 2071: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2010: 2005: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1896:minimal axioms 1893: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1829: 1827: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1699: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1593: 1588: 1586:Formation rule 1583: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1505:Formal systems 1501: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1394:Large cardinal 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1330: 1328: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1229: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1166: 1161: 1159:Extensionality 1156: 1154:Ordinal number 1151: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1046: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 981: 979: 973: 972: 970: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 938: 937: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 896: 894: 885: 879: 878: 876: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 838:Cantor's  836: 831: 826: 816: 814: 801: 800: 798: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 736: 735: 724: 722: 718: 717: 710: 709: 702: 695: 687: 681: 680: 665:Sakharov, Alex 658: 657:External links 655: 654: 653: 639: 617: 599:Computability. 593: 590: 589: 588: 583: 578: 571: 568: 545: 540: 536: 491:if and only if 432: 429: 428: 427: 421: 414: 407: 395:Main article: 392:Non-examples: 390: 389: 382: 371: 370:is computable. 366:The subset of 364: 363: 362: 355: 352: 351:is computable. 333: 330: 311: 306: 290:if and only if 288:is computable 277: 257: 254: 251: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 196: 193: 190: 170: 167: 164: 161: 158: 155: 135: 101: 89: 86: 76:, also called 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3121: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3084: 3083:Ernst Zermelo 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3068:Willard Quine 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3020:Set theorists 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2966:Kripke–Platek 2964: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2602:specification 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320:Recursive set 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2129:of arithmetic 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2036:from ZFC 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1935:non-Euclidean 1933: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1812:Example  1809: 1801: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1569:by definition 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1456:Kripke–Platek 1454: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1300:constructible 1298: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 980: 978: 977:Propositional 974: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 936: 933: 932: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 905:Logical truth 903: 901: 898: 897: 895: 893: 889: 886: 884: 880: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 821: 818: 817: 815: 813: 807: 802: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 734: 731: 730: 729: 726: 725: 723: 719: 715: 708: 703: 701: 696: 694: 689: 688: 685: 676: 675: 670: 666: 661: 660: 652: 651:3-540-15299-7 648: 644: 640: 638: 637:0-07-053522-1 634: 630: 629:0-262-68052-1 626: 623:, MIT Press. 622: 619:Rogers, H. 618: 616: 615:0-521-29465-7 612: 608: 607:0-521-22384-9 604: 600: 596: 595: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 573: 567: 563: 561: 543: 538: 524: 522: 518: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 492: 488: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 425: 422: 419: 415: 412: 408: 405: 401: 400: 398: 393: 387: 383: 380: 376: 372: 369: 368:prime numbers 365: 360: 356: 353: 350: 346: 345: 343: 339: 338: 337: 329: 327: 309: 295: 291: 275: 255: 252: 249: 229: 226: 220: 214: 194: 191: 188: 168: 165: 159: 153: 133: 126: 123: 119: 115: 99: 85: 83: 79: 78:semidecidable 75: 70: 68: 64: 63:noncomputable 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Recursive set 3033:Georg Cantor 3028:Paul Bernays 2959:Morse–Kelley 2934: 2867: 2866:Subset  2855: 2813:hereditarily 2775:Venn diagram 2733:ordered pair 2648:Intersection 2592:Axiom schema 2422: 2262: 2220:Ultraproduct 2067:Model theory 2032:Independence 1968:Formal proof 1960:Proof theory 1943: 1916: 1873:real numbers 1845:second-order 1756:Substitution 1633:Metalanguage 1574:conservative 1547:Axiom schema 1491:Constructive 1461:Morse–Kelley 1427:Set theories 1406:Aleph number 1399:inaccessible 1305:Grothendieck 1189:intersection 1076:Higher-order 1064:Second-order 1010:Truth tables 967:Venn diagram 750:Formal proof 672: 642: 620: 598: 597:Cutland, N. 564: 525: 508:(c.e.). The 501: 493: 486: 485: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 436: 434: 391: 335: 117: 91: 81: 77: 71: 66: 62: 60: 51: 47: 43: 29: 3058:Thomas Jech 2901:Alternative 2880:Uncountable 2834:Ultrafilter 2693:Cardinality 2597:replacement 2545:Determinacy 2330:Type theory 2278:undecidable 2210:Truth value 2097:equivalence 1776:non-logical 1389:Enumeration 1379:Isomorphism 1326:cardinality 1310:Von Neumann 1275:Ultrafilter 1240:Uncountable 1174:equivalence 1091:Quantifiers 1081:Fixed-point 1050:First-order 930:Consistency 915:Proposition 892:Traditional 863:Lindström's 853:Compactness 795:Type theory 740:Cardinality 416:The set of 402:The set of 67:undecidable 3098:Categories 3053:Kurt Gödel 3038:Paul Cohen 2875:Transitive 2643:Identities 2627:Complement 2614:Operations 2575:Regularity 2513:Adjunction 2472:Set theory 2141:elementary 1834:arithmetic 1702:Quantifier 1680:functional 1552:Expression 1270:Transitive 1214:identities 1199:complement 1132:hereditary 1115:Set theory 641:Soare, R. 592:References 498:complement 479:under the 441:complement 431:Properties 336:Examples: 326:computable 146:such that 118:computable 116:is called 44:computable 42:is called 2986:Paradoxes 2906:Axiomatic 2885:Universal 2861:Singleton 2856:Recursive 2799:Countable 2794:Amorphous 2653:Power set 2570:Power set 2528:dependent 2523:countable 2412:Supertask 2315:Recursion 2273:decidable 2107:saturated 2085:of models 2008:deductive 2003:axiomatic 1923:Hilbert's 1910:Euclidean 1891:canonical 1814:axiomatic 1746:Signature 1675:Predicate 1564:Extension 1486:Ackermann 1411:Operation 1290:Universal 1280:Recursive 1255:Singleton 1250:Inhabited 1235:Countable 1225:Types of 1209:power set 1179:partition 1096:Predicate 1042:Predicate 957:Syllogism 947:Soundness 920:Inference 910:Tautology 812:paradoxes 674:MathWorld 586:Recursion 535:Δ 521:bijection 504:are both 349:empty set 253:∉ 192:∈ 92:A subset 56:algorithm 52:decidable 48:recursive 2990:Problems 2894:Theories 2870:Superset 2846:Infinite 2675:Concepts 2555:Infinity 2479:Overview 2397:Logicism 2390:timeline 2366:Concrete 2225:Validity 2195:T-schema 2188:Kripke's 2183:Tarski's 2178:semantic 2168:Strength 2117:submodel 2112:spectrum 2080:function 1928:Tarski's 1917:Elements 1904:geometry 1860:Robinson 1781:variable 1766:function 1739:spectrum 1729:Sentence 1685:variable 1628:Language 1581:Relation 1542:Automata 1532:Alphabet 1516:language 1370:-jection 1348:codomain 1334:Function 1295:Universe 1265:Infinite 1169:Relation 952:Validity 942:Argument 840:theorem, 570:See also 510:preimage 496:and the 342:cofinite 2928:General 2923:Zermelo 2829:subbase 2811: ( 2750:Forcing 2728:Element 2700: ( 2678:Methods 2565:Pairing 2339:Related 2136:Diagram 2034: ( 2013:Hilbert 1998:Systems 1993:Theorem 1871:of the 1816:systems 1596:Formula 1591:Grammar 1507: ( 1451:General 1164:Forcing 1149:Element 1069:Monadic 844:paradox 785:Theorem 721:General 558:of the 112:of the 2819:Filter 2809:Finite 2745:Family 2688:Almost 2533:global 2518:Choice 2505:Axioms 2102:finite 1865:Skolem 1818:  1793:Theory 1761:Symbol 1751:String 1734:atomic 1611:ground 1606:closed 1601:atomic 1557:ground 1520:syntax 1416:binary 1343:domain 1260:Finite 1025:finite 883:Logics 842:  790:Theory 649:  635:  627:  613:  605:  2911:Naive 2841:Fuzzy 2804:Empty 2787:types 2738:tuple 2708:Class 2702:large 2663:Union 2580:Union 2092:Model 1840:Peano 1697:Proof 1537:Arity 1466:Naive 1353:image 1285:Fuzzy 1245:Empty 1194:union 1139:Class 780:Model 770:Lemma 728:Axiom 514:total 122:total 50:, or 2824:base 2215:Type 2018:list 1822:list 1799:list 1788:Term 1722:rank 1616:open 1510:list 1322:Maps 1227:sets 1086:Free 1056:list 806:list 733:list 647:ISBN 633:ISBN 625:ISBN 611:ISBN 603:ISBN 451:and 409:The 347:The 292:the 207:and 34:, a 2785:Set 1902:of 1884:of 1832:of 1364:Sur 1338:Map 1145:Ur- 1127:Set 631:; 500:of 443:of 435:If 324:is 242:if 181:if 65:or 38:of 36:set 30:In 3100:: 2288:NP 1912:: 1906:: 1836:: 1513:), 1368:Bi 1360:In 671:. 667:. 609:; 562:. 475:× 467:âˆȘ 463:, 459:∩ 373:A 328:. 82:is 69:. 46:, 2868:· 2852:) 2848:( 2815:) 2704:) 2464:e 2457:t 2450:v 2368:/ 2283:P 2038:) 1824:) 1820:( 1717:∀ 1712:! 1707:∃ 1668:= 1663:↔ 1658:→ 1653:∧ 1648:√ 1643:ÂŹ 1366:/ 1362:/ 1336:/ 1147:) 1143:( 1030:∞ 1020:3 808:) 706:e 699:t 692:v 677:. 544:0 539:1 502:A 494:A 487:A 477:B 473:A 469:B 465:A 461:B 457:A 453:B 449:A 445:A 437:A 388:. 381:. 310:S 305:1 276:S 256:S 250:x 230:0 227:= 224:) 221:x 218:( 215:f 195:S 189:x 169:1 166:= 163:) 160:x 157:( 154:f 134:f 100:S 20:)

Index

Recursive set
computability theory
set
natural numbers
algorithm
computably enumerable (c.e.) sets
natural numbers
total
computable function
if and only if
indicator function
computable
cofinite
empty set
as defined in standard set theory
prime numbers
recursive language
formal language
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
List of undecidable problems
Turing machines that halt
isomorphism class
busy beaver champions
Hilbert's tenth problem
complement
Cantor pairing function
if and only if
complement
computably enumerable
preimage

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑