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512:. Though Howth works in the mills, her issues flow from her relations with her male counterparts. At novel's end she marries Stephen Holmes, which can both symbolize her acceptance of her Christian destiny despite her father's protestations, and her acceptance of the role of wife and mother. Through this character Davis is representing the power that patriarchal society has over the nineteenth-century female, while also presenting a strong female character who recognizes her moral independence. Davis goes further in her exploration of the true female identity by addressing the role domesticity plays in the lives of her characters. Domesticity, which once defined the roles of nineteenth-century women, is altered by Davis's placement of women in the iron mills. By describing the harsh conditions under which these women labored, Davis is capitalizing on the idea that women are capable of integrating work life into their home life.
431:"Life in the Iron-Mills" is set in a small village whose center is industrial work, especially that of the iron mills. It is described as a polluted and oppressive village, inhabited by laborers, mostly "masses of men, with dull, besotted faces bent to the ground, sharpened here and there by pain or cunning; skin and muscle and flesh begrimed with smoke and ashes". The short story's protagonist is Hugh Wolfe, an iron mill laborer who possesses artistic talent and a spiritual desire for higher forms of pleasure and fulfillment. Despite the hopefulness of Wolfe's artistic drive, he becomes the story's tragic hero, as his yearning for a better life leads to his imprisonment and ultimate death.
519:. The Korl Woman, sculpted by Hugh Wolfe, represents an all-encompassing sublime image of laboring class womanhood. The intensity with which this figure is received, and the humanistic quality of its structure relay a message intended to reveal the true image of not only laborers, but female beauty as well. The Korl woman serves as a symbol that challenges nineteenth-century standards of femininity. Thus, Davis utilizes the Korl Woman to depict the realistic effects of the iron mills, while simultaneously questioning female societal restrictions as a whole.
428:, "Life in the Iron-Mills" was one of the first works to explore industrialization in American literature. The short story saw its publication around the dawn of the American Civil War, and is one of Davis's earliest published works. It has become an important text not only for its artistic merit, but for its historical implications. Both its form and content were ground breaking at the time of its publication, being a narrative that follows the lives of laborers and the consequences of industrialization, in a traditionally realistic style.
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study of weather patterns by the Signal
Service. Likewise, in "Life-Saving Stations," Davis blends melodramatic action with descriptions of life-saving equipment and the efficiency of lifesaving crews to respond to shipwreck. By linking the specific locality to an analysis of heroism and technology, tempered by accounts of morally corrupt wrecking endeavors, Davis not only replaces the highly romanticized view of heroic lifesaving with a more balanced realism but also elevates local geography to national prominence.
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associated with the marginalization of the working class. Davis's depiction of the daily routines of the laboring class is a common theme throughout her writing, and most importantly serves the purpose of unveiling the maltreatment of such individuals. Her goal in relating the physical and mental starvation that plagues the inhabitants of these mills is to urge her audience to form spiritual solutions to these issues rather than social solutions.
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1962:
299:, whom she had been corresponding with since he had contacted her as an admirer of her work after the publication of "Life in the Iron-Mills." They became engaged one week after meeting and were married on March 5, 1863. Clarke was four years younger than Davis and not yet financially or professionally established in the world. The following year she gave birth to their first son,
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456:. And it uses a realistic style with journalistic specificity and characters typical of their social class and speaking in its vernacular, comparable to that of writers in the height of American literary realism, which came two decades after the text was published. Although realism is the genre most prominently attached to Davis's collective works,
181:). At the time, Wheeling was developing into a productive factory town, the concentration of which was iron and steel mills. The environment of Rebecca's home town would later affect the themes and vision of her fiction, like "Life in the Iron-Mills." Despite Wheeling's productivity and its accessible location along the
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The exploration of female social roles in nineteenth-century society is a common theme in Davis's works. Her female characters can be viewed as early proto-feminist symbols because they exemplify the issues surrounding the commodification of women, and the patriarchal society that places restrictions
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to literary realism, so they combine elements of
Sentimentalism, Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism. For instance, "Life in the Iron Mills" uses sentimental elements such as a narrator who directly addresses the well defined reader, a didactic purpose, and characters in extreme situations for the
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In two of her journalistic essays, "The House on the Beach" (1876) and "Life-Saving* Stations" (1876), Davis narrates the adventures of tourists as they explore a section of New Jersey coast. "The House on the Beach" documents the efforts to reduce shipwreck and storm damage through the systematic
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Though the short story is concerned with larger themes such as industrialization and the working class, Davis's depiction of Hugh Wolfe, and her command of realism allows the reader to focus on the individual within the labor class, and the consequences of its realities upon his heart and soul. In
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in 1848, at the age of seventeen. Rebecca described the school as "enough math to do accounts, enough astronomy to point out constellations, a little music and drawing, and French, history, literature at discretion". After returning to
Wheeling, she joined the staff of the local newspaper, the
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by calling attention to the dark and dismal setting of the iron mills. She not only provides vivid imagery of the dismal landscape, but imagery of the working class as well. By exploring the effects of the iron mills on its inhabitants, Davis is able to depict her own concerns and frustrations
348:, was an analysis of authors' silent periods in literature, including writer's blocks, unpublished work, and the problems that working-class writers, and women in particular, have in finding the time to concentrate on their art, and the second part of the book was a study of the work of Davis.
465:, the two genres are blended to create a realistic depiction of the everyday life of iron mill worker Hugh Wolfe, as well as illustrate the effects of that environment upon him. In addition to realism and naturalism, Davis also published works employing such literary genres as the
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is also prevalent in her writing style. Naturalism is thematically linked to realism. Where realists, like Davis, endeavor to depict reality, naturalists expand on that reality by approaching the scientific and or psychological influences on characters due to their environments. In
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purpose of emotionally stirring the reader to action. The short story also uses
Romantic elements such as a statue symbolizing a spiritually hungry woman and owned by the narrator, reminiscent of the relic found in the custom house by the narrator of Nathaniel Hawthorne's
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A prolific writer, Rebecca
Harding Davis is credited with over 500 published works. Despite her outpouring of literary works, she was almost entirely forgotten by the time of her death in 1910. However, Davis was rediscovered in the very early 1970s by the feminist writer
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During the earlier part of Davis's childhood, public schools in her hometown were not yet available. Her education was mainly undertaken by her mother, with occasional instruction from tutors. While being home-schooled, Rebecca read such authors as
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that, "there were no railways in it, no automobiles or trolleys, no telegraphs, no sky-scraping houses. Not a single man in the country was the possessor of huge accumulations of money such as are so common now", being before their invention in the
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Upon returning to her industrial hometown, Wheeling, Rebecca
Harding Davis socialized very little, staying largely within her own family circle. She continued this isolated way of life for thirteen years until the publication of
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At the start of their marriage, Rebecca was the primary income provider for the family, as Clarke worked to establish himself in his law career. She accomplished this through her writing and as an editor for the
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in
American literature. The successful publication of the short story also won her acclaim in the literary circles of her time. At the time it was published, Harding was acknowledged as a "brave new voice" by
272:. They were impressed with the author's goal, which was "to dig into the commonplace, this vulgar American life, and see what is in it". She later met and became acquainted with Emerson whilst staying with
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Having lived in the steel town of
Wheeling, West Virginia, Davis had first-hand experience with the controversies and hardships associated with industrialism. She utilizes the theme of industrialism in
340:, who found a collection of Davis's works in a junk shop. Olsen quickly recognized the talent and significance of Davis's writings, and personally endeavored to reintroduce Davis's work. In 1972,
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published "Life in the Iron-Mills" with Olsen's own biographical interpretation of Davis's life in relation to a selection of her published works. Olsen's non-fiction volume, titled
284:. During this trip around the North, which originated with her publisher's desire to meet her personally, Davis also became close friends with her publisher's wife,
211:, which initiated her interest in literature. When Davis was fourteen, she was sent to Washington, Pennsylvania to live with her mother's sister, and attend the
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435:"Life in the Iron-Mills," "Harding reveals what, historically was done to workers and suggests what could be done for them, moral education and social uplift."
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English professor, who has no biological relationship to the author. The historical marker was the first dedicated to a woman in
Washington, Pennsylvania.
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169:, on June 24, 1831, to Richard and Rachel Leet Wilson Harding. Rebecca was the eldest of five children. After an unsuccessful entrepreneurial spell in
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Recurring themes in
Rebecca Harding Davis's works are the social and political issues of the nineteenth-century: the
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Watson, William L. (1998). ""These mill-hands are gettin' onbearable": The Logic of Class Formation in
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1229:"Slaveries "In the Borders": Rebecca Harding Davis's "Life in the Iron Mills" in Its Southern Context"
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224:, submitting reviews, stories, poems, and editorials, and also serving briefly as an editor in 1859.
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Life in the Iron Mills, and Other Stories: Rebecca Harding Davis with a Biographical Interpretation
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1340:(1/2 Working–Class Lives and Cultures). City University of New York: The Feminist Press: 116–136.
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Ledford, Katherine; Lloyd, Theresa, eds. (March 17, 2020). "Rebecca Harding Davis: 1831–1910".
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in April 1861, is regarded by many critics as a pioneering document marking the beginning of
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is widely considered Rebecca Harding Davis's most significant work. Published in 1861 in
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Rebecca Harding Davis - biographical and bibliographical overview, links to works online
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On her journey back from a meeting with her publisher, Rebecca met L. Clarke Davis in
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1413:. The Society for the Study of Rebecca Harding Davis and Her World. Archived from
1386:. The Society for the Study of Rebecca Harding Davis and Her World. Archived from
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Parlor Radical: Rebecca Harding Davis and the Origins of American Social Realism
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Parlor Radical: Rebecca Harding Davis and the Origins of American Social Realism
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395:) appeared after biographical writing by Jane Atteridge Rose and Jean Pfaelzer.
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Book I: Rebecca. The Richard Harding Davis Years: A Biography of Mother and Son
1783:... in "The House on the Beach" (1876) she describes financial pressures to ...
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Yellin, Jean Fagan (July 1990). "The 'Feminization' of Rebecca Harding Davis".
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First page of the short story "Life in the Iron-Mills", as first published in
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on female identity. These issues can be seen in the heroine of Davis's novel
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1239:(4). Mississippi State, Mississippi: Mississippi State University: 567–592.
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1141:"Rebecca Harding Davis: An Introduction to Her Life, Faith, and Literature"
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A thorough biography titled Rebecca Harding Davis: A Life Among Writers by
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as well. In 1892, Davis received a small critical and popular success with
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1309:. American History through Literature 1820–1870 (Volume 2). Novelguide.com
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was born in 1866 and also became a writer; their daughter, Nora, in 1872.
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367:. The effort to place the marker there was led by Jennifer Harding, a
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1984:"A Bibliography of Fiction and Non-Fiction by Rebecca Harding Davis"
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Another work in which Davis depicts the power of a female figure is
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Rebecca Harding Davis's literary style is most commonly labeled as
1683:. A Library of American Literature: An Anthology in Eleven Volumes
327:, but it was her last. She died at age 79, on September 29, 1910.
1677:"Vols. VI–VIII. Literature of the Republic, Part III., 1835–1860"
1361:"Rebecca Harding Davis: A Biographical Sketch & Bibliography"
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143:"Life in the Iron-Mills," published in the April 1861 edition of
115:(June 24, 1831 – September 29, 1910) was an American author and
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Encyclopedia of American Literature of the Sea and Great Lakes
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1167:"Rebecca Harding Davis (1831–1910) - PHMC Historical Markers"
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841:"Descendant secures state marker for Rebecca Harding Davis"
1193:"Articles Published in TOPIC - #59: Rebecca Harding Davis"
1111:
A Biographical Dictionary A to Z of American Women Writers
1051:. PAL: Perspectives in American Literature. Archived from
951:. Cambridge, MA: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. p.
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The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States
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during a trip she had long delayed to meet her publisher
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Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science
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447:. However, her literary works mark a transition from
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Topic: The Washington & Jefferson College Review
387:(Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2018) (
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Topic: The Washington & Jefferson College Review
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Rebecca's eldest son, Richard Harding Davis, c. 1903
1831:"U.S. Life-Saving Service: Historical Bibliography"
485:, race, regionalism, the working class, and women.
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1363:. Society for the Study of American Woman Writers
1173:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
1089:. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1083:"A Groundbreaking Realist: Rebecca Harding Davis"
1020:. New York: The Feminist Press at CUNY. pp.
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1893:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
1862:. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
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1584:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Company.
915:. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
583:Kitty's Choice or Berrytown and Other Stories
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1713:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 110.
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1994:(3). University of Illinois Press: 67–86.
1876:. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
1860:Rebecca Harding Davis and American Realism
1498:. New York: Columbia UP. pp. 173–78.
1495:The Colombia History of the American Novel
1278:Life in the Iron-Mills; or, the Korl Woman
139:. Her most important literary work is the
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2100:19th-century American short story writers
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1114:. New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp.
909:Ehrlich, Eugene; Carruth, Gorton (1982).
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1439:. Cambridge: Chadwyck-Healey, 2005. Web.
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1944:Works by or about Rebecca Harding Davis
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1675:Stedman and Hutchinson, comps. (1891).
1648:Rebecca Harding Davis (June 14, 2022).
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872:"Historical marker dedicated to author"
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380:was dedicated to articles about Davis.
161:Rebecca Blaine Harding was born at the
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839:Mansfield, Katherine (June 30, 2013).
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2035:People from Washington, Pennsylvania
1988:American Literary Realism, 1870-1910
1981:
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399:Major work: "Life in the Iron-Mills"
280:. She greatly admired both of these
2080:20th-century American women writers
1767:Pfaelzer, Jean (October 15, 1996).
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2040:American women short story writers
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369:Washington & Jefferson College
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2090:19th-century American journalists
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806:In the Gray Cabins of New England
355:in Davis's honor was placed near
2070:American women newspaper editors
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1890:Writing Appalachia: An Anthology
1049:"A Research and Reference Guide"
870:Warco, Kathie (April 13, 2013).
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2115:20th-century American essayists
2110:19th-century American essayists
2060:20th-century American novelists
2045:19th-century American novelists
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1629:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1897).
1612:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1874).
1595:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1892).
1578:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1868).
1553:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1868).
1529:Margret Howth: A Story of Today
1526:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1862).
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1010:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1972).
964:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1904).
945:Davis, Rebecca Harding (1904).
559:Margret Howth: A Story of Today
1953:Works by Rebecca Harding Davis
1935:Works by Rebecca Harding Davis
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1087:Documenting the American South
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16:American author and journalist
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2120:Journalists from Pennsylvania
1982:Rose, Jane Atteridge (1990).
1411:"About Rebecca Harding Davis"
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2125:Novelists from West Virginia
812:The Disease of Money-Getting
613:Silhouettes of American Life
533:Silhouettes of American Life
325:Silhouettes of American Life
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192:Second Industrial Revolution
113:Rebecca Blaine Harding Davis
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2055:Novelists from Pennsylvania
1959:(public domain audiobooks)
1837:. United States Coast Guard
794:Here and There in the South
80:Fiction, journalism, poetry
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2141:
2050:American newspaper editors
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1681:Collection at Bartleby.com
1559:(3 ed.). NYC: Sheldon
1171:Historical Marker Database
788:Some Testimony in the Case
730:General William Wirt Colby
619:Doctor Warrick's Daughters
545:Doctor Warrick's Daughters
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365:Washington Female Seminary
215:. She graduated as class
213:Washington Female Seminary
133:Washington Female Seminary
1924:Wheeling, WV Hall of Fame
1883:. New York: Twayne, 1993.
1746:Searchable Sea Literature
1707:Gidmark, Jill B. (2001).
1456:American Literary History
1359:Milner Lasseter, Janice.
1334:Women's Studies Quarterly
1233:The Mississippi Quarterly
734:Wood's Household Magazine
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1307:"Life in the Iron Mills"
1275:Davis, Rebecca Harding.
882:Washington, Pennsylvania
851:Washington, Pennsylvania
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228:Personal life and family
167:Washington, Pennsylvania
55:Washington, Pennsylvania
1869:. New York: Holt, 1961.
1556:Waiting for the Verdict
1384:"Rebecca Harding Davis"
752:A Day with Doctor Sarah
565:Waiting for the Verdict
543:First edition cover of
531:First edition cover of
420:"Life in the Iron Mills
119:. She was a pioneer of
1879:Rose, Jane Atteridge.
1797:"Life Saving Stations"
1618:. Orange Judd Company.
1532:. Ticknor and Fields.
1492:Elliot, Emory (1991).
1330:Life in the Iron Mills
1227:Henwood, Dawn (1999).
1081:Larson, J. L. (2004).
773:The House on the Beach
707:A Pearl of Great Price
647:Life in the Iron Mills
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357:Swanson Science Center
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90:Life in the Iron Mills
43:Rebecca Blaine Harding
1922:Rebecca Harding Davis
1881:Rebecca Harding Davis
1601:. C. Scribner's Sons.
783:Lippincott's Magazine
725:Lippincott's Magazine
720:The Balacchi Brothers
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422:;" or, The Korl Woman
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374:In 2013, an issue of
305:Charles Belmont Davis
301:Richard Harding Davis
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205:Harriet Beecher Stowe
71:Mount Kisco, New York
25:Rebecca Harding Davis
1748:. sites.williams.edu
1635:. Harper & Bros.
1409:Cadwallader, Robin.
1108:Kort, Carol (2000).
1055:on November 10, 2013
779:Life Saving Stations
683:The Atlantic Monthly
652:The Atlantic Monthly
523:Works (partial list)
426:The Atlantic Monthly
415:The Atlantic Monthly
256:The Atlantic Monthly
163:David Bradford House
146:The Atlantic Monthly
1468:10.1093/alh/2.2.203
1390:on January 14, 2012
1305:Rose, Jane (2006).
970:. Houghton, Mifflin
800:Women in Literature
503:Female social roles
274:Nathaniel Hawthorne
270:Ralph Waldo Emerson
171:Big Spring, Alabama
125:American literature
1865:Langford, Gerald.
1858:Harris, Sharon M.
1660:Barnes & Noble
1382:Harris, Sharon M.
713:Put out of the Way
595:A Law unto Herself
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483:American Civil War
454:The Scarlet Letter
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342:The Feminist Press
286:Annie Adams Fields
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64:September 29, 1910
1939:Project Gutenberg
1778:978-0-8229-7498-7
1720:978-0-313-30148-3
1437:Literature Online
1417:on April 25, 2012
1283:Project Gutenberg
1203:on April 21, 2014
1147:on April 14, 2012
1139:Hadley, Gregory.
877:Observer-Reporter
857:on April 12, 2015
846:Observer-Reporter
571:Dallas Galbraith
393:978-1-946684-30-1
353:historical marker
351:In April 2013, a
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888:on March 5, 2016
884:. Archived from
866:
864:
862:
853:. Archived from
834:
740:Earthen Pitchers
677:The Wife's Story
625:Frances Waldeaux
385:Sharon M. Harris
314:New York Tribune
282:American writers
151:Native Americans
127:. She graduated
121:literary realism
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510:Margret Howth
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85:Notable works
83:
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72:
63:
59:
56:
52:June 24, 1831
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1991:
1987:
1904:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1839:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1815:– via
1809:. Retrieved
1804:
1800:
1790:
1782:
1768:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1745:
1724:
1709:
1685:. Retrieved
1680:
1663:. Retrieved
1655:Bartleby.com
1653:
1641:
1631:
1624:
1615:John Andross
1614:
1607:
1598:Kent Hampden
1597:
1590:
1580:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1555:
1548:
1528:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1494:
1459:
1455:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1354:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1300:
1286:. Retrieved
1277:
1264:. Retrieved
1236:
1232:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1187:
1177:December 10,
1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1134:
1110:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1042:
1016:
980:google books
978:– via
972:. Retrieved
966:
955:– via
947:
911:
904:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
875:
859:. Retrieved
855:the original
844:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
778:
772:
767:Men's Rights
766:
759:
758:
751:
745:
739:
733:
729:
719:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
681:
675:
670:Paul Blecker
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
638:
637:
630:
624:
618:
612:
607:Kent Hampden
606:
600:
594:
589:John Andross
588:
582:
577:Kent Hampden
576:
570:
564:
558:
551:
550:
544:
532:
516:
514:
509:
506:
495:
492:
480:
462:
453:
442:
433:
430:
425:
421:
419:
414:
382:
375:
373:
350:
345:
338:Tillie Olsen
334:
324:
318:
312:
309:
297:Pennsylvania
293:Philadelphia
290:
254:
250:
249:
242:
239:
221:
201:
186:
160:
144:
137:Pennsylvania
112:
111:
88:
66:(1910-09-29)
18:
2030:1910 deaths
2025:1831 births
1511:December 6,
1421:December 6,
1394:December 6,
1367:December 6,
1313:December 6,
1288:October 27,
1151:December 6,
1093:December 6,
1059:December 6,
957:archive.org
742:(1873–1874)
658:David Gaunt
449:romanticism
141:short story
2019:Categories
1906:August 13,
1841:August 13,
1811:August 13,
1752:August 13,
1687:August 13,
1665:August 12,
1563:August 12,
1266:August 13,
974:August 12,
892:August 12,
820:References
664:John Lamar
458:naturalism
183:Ohio River
157:Early life
117:journalist
48:1831-06-24
2000:0002-9823
1261:213521593
1245:0026-637X
247:in 1861.
198:Education
97:Signature
2008:27746417
1970:Metadata
1957:LibriVox
1346:40003465
1257:ProQuest
1253:26476840
601:Natasqua
471:folklore
346:Silences
175:Wheeling
1946:at the
1853:Sources
1207:May 30,
1014:(ed.).
861:May 30,
723:(1872)
547:, 1896.
535:, 1892.
445:realism
261:realism
2006:
1998:
1897:
1775:
1717:
1536:
1502:
1476:490026
1474:
1344:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1122:
1028:
1022:47–175
923:
814:(1902)
808:(1895)
802:(1891)
796:(1887)
790:(1885)
775:(1876)
769:(1869)
760:Essays
754:(1878)
748:(1876)
746:Marcia
736:(1873)
715:(1870)
709:(1868)
703:(1868)
697:(1866)
691:(1865)
672:(1863)
666:(1862)
660:(1862)
654:(1861)
633:(1904)
627:(1897)
621:(1896)
615:(1892)
609:(1892)
603:(1886)
597:(1878)
591:(1874)
585:(1873)
579:(1892)
573:(1868)
567:(1867)
561:(1861)
477:Themes
467:gothic
391:
331:Legacy
2004:JSTOR
1929:Works
1472:JSTOR
1342:JSTOR
1249:JSTOR
689:Ellen
552:Books
439:Style
131:from
77:Genre
1996:ISSN
1908:2023
1895:ISBN
1843:2023
1813:2023
1773:ISBN
1754:2023
1715:ISBN
1689:2023
1673:in:_
1667:2023
1565:2023
1534:ISBN
1513:2011
1500:ISBN
1423:2011
1396:2011
1369:2011
1315:2011
1290:2011
1268:2023
1241:ISSN
1209:2013
1179:2013
1153:2011
1120:ISBN
1095:2011
1061:2011
1026:ISBN
976:2023
921:ISBN
894:2023
863:2013
469:and
389:ISBN
268:and
61:Died
40:Born
1955:at
1937:at
1464:doi
1332:".
917:214
732:,
165:in
135:in
123:in
2021::
2002:.
1992:22
1990:.
1986:.
1833:.
1805:17
1803:.
1799:.
1781:.
1744:.
1733:^
1723:.
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1679:.
1658:.
1652:.
1484:^
1470:.
1458:.
1444:^
1338:26
1336:.
1281:.
1255:.
1247:.
1237:52
1235:.
1231:.
1217:^
1195:.
1169:.
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1085:.
1069:^
1024:.
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880:.
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295:,
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2010:.
1910:.
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1756:.
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1515:.
1478:.
1466::
1460:2
1425:.
1398:.
1371:.
1348:.
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1292:.
1270:.
1211:.
1181:.
1155:.
1128:.
1097:.
1063:.
1034:.
982:.
959:.
953:1
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896:.
865:.
363:/
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
