Real estate in Panama

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continent while the Ministry of Finance announced a reduction in the poverty rate over the past year on October 8, yet over 10 percent of the population remains in “extreme poverty”. In spite of the housing boom, construction of luxury apartments made the dream of owning a home further away for the majority of citizens. Panama's Vice-President and the Cabinet Council proposed that the National Assembly pass a new law specifically for the extradition of Russian fugitives.

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market was experiencing substantial rising sales and prices. Like Miami, Panama City relied heavily on foreign investors who were finding real estate investments very attractive. "With current and developing projects, Panama was once again proving a boom time for renters of construction equipment." For the first time, Panama City’s real estate market was seeing a significant increase of European buyers, primarily from Italy, Spain and Switzerland.

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unoccupied suggesting no tenants and absentee owners with U.S. law enforcement officials believing the construction boom was based on illegal money laundering. Over building of offices created a bubble and the rural poor remained poor as the economic boom had no effect on them. The real estate boom did not help Panama's poor as approximately 1/3 lived in poverty.

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the approval of the project's Master Plan. Panama's National Environmental Authority also has regulations over real estate developments. Panama real estate buyers also are protected by Law 45 of 2007 known as the Consumer Protection Act allowing the Consumer Protection Agency to investigate buyer's complaints against real estate developers and agents.

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as one who professionally and habitually operates as an agent, intermediary, mediator, or representative in real estate transactions. The law excludes people who work as administrators, promoters, maintenance providers, and rent collectors working for a licensed real estate broker. Because of these

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Panama also has a Title Transfer Tax of 2% of the actual value of the real property imposed when the seller transfers the title to the buyer. There is also a 10% Capital Gains Tax which can be reduced to 5% if owned by a corporation selling its corporate shares instead of title to the property which

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Construction of residential and non-residential properties grew by 64% in April. Panama's Superintendency of Banks (government banking watchdog) issued a study of the real estate market showing growth in the construction sector. Bank loans for commercial construction grew by 32.4% from June 2010 to

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Spanish real estate developer, Interplus, planned US$ 280 million real-estate investments in two projects in Panama City's Balboa Avenue." Spanish real estate developer, Marina d'Or, planned a US$ 18.6 million condominium tower in Panama in 2008. The $ 246 million investment began for The Hard Rock

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There are Panama laws protecting real property buyers. Law 6 of 2006 prohibits the construction industry from engaging in advertising fraud. In 2007, Panama's Ministry of Housing enacted regulations preventing real estate developers and their promoters from selling or advertising properties before

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based on the value of the land and its improvements with the maximum annual rate being 2.1% of the total value. Prior to 2012, Panama had several laws exempting certain residential real properties from paying the property tax for 20 years. Starting in 2012, the property tax exemption changed to 15

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Foreign buyers boost Panama real property prices in anticipation of the completion of the third locks for the Panama Canal. During the first six months in 2013, construction projects values were $ 956 million which was an increase of $ 38 million during the same period in 2012. New high-end luxury

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According to Christopher Howard who has authored 15 books on retiring and investing in Latin American countries including Panama wrote: "Foreign investment is encouraged by a business oriented government". Professors Edward Jackiewicz and Jim Craine of California State University at Northridge claim

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was to be a $ 220 million development including a hotel, casino, yacht club, full-service spa and a private beach club.; building shaped like a ship's sail was to be the most expensive and largest building south of the United States with Donald Trump's name helping Panama's image worldwide. Donald

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The U.S. State Department reported in 2013 that numerous U.S. investors complained about fraud and corruption involved with purchases of titled real properties in Panama. Other possible investment risks are connected to long standing corruption, cronyism, being a zone for cocaine transshipments and

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are popular in Panama especially in Panama City and along the beaches of both coasts. Investors purchase an apartment in either the hotel building or an adjoining apartment building. The developer of the hotel will manage the advertising, renting, and cleaning of the apartment and will share the

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for property owners is exempt for the first $ 30,000 USD and has a 27% rate on income above that amount. The Capital Gains Tax differs for individuals who only pay a 10% rate while real estate dealers (individuals selling multiple properties per tax year) pay up to 27% and corporations pay a flat

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was to be 104 stories on the seafront Avenue Balboa in Panama City began construction in 2007, but was cancelled later that year. The media publicity regarding both of these projects generated interest in Panama real estate. "The real estate boom in Panama City started in 2006." The failure of the

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The World Bank states that while Panama has experienced the fastest economic growth since 2006, indigenous children have "significantly less access to basic services such as education, electricity and sanitation than children in rural or urban areas." The World Bank also claims that Panama has the

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Panama needed to get rid of its reputation as a major transit for illegal immigrants and illegal drugs and a money laundering haven while 33% of its population lived in poverty. Panama was still a poverty stricken country. Panama continued to have the highest economic growth rate in the American

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vetoed items contained in a law passed by the National Assembly which would have curbed abuses by the construction industry against purchasers of new construction properties. The new law intended to prevent developers from taking advantage of purchasers in regards to abandoned projects, delays in

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Fifty skyscrapers had been built or were near completion since 2007 raising questions about over development in Panama City having dreams of first world hope built on third world infrastructures. In spite of the growing economy and proclaimed real estate boom, many new condominium buildings were

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In 2015, international investors were said to fuel Panama City's real estate growth. Foreign investments in Panama of $ 1.7 billion in the first quarter of 2015 increased by 32% over the same period in 2014 according to the National Institute of Statistics and Census. Panama City's real estate

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apartments market had surged over the past five years due to increasing purchase power by Panamanians and foreigners with income expecting higher quality housing. Second homebuyers from Canada, the U.S., Colombia, and Venezuela were buying up a 20-mile beachfront stretch near the resort town of

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During January 2013, Panama banks granted $ 2.92 billion in construction loans, which was more than $ 89 million than in January 2012. During the first quarter of 2013 building permits rose by 60% totaling $ 156 million for homes and commercial buildings. During the first half of 2013, luxury

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Since taking control of the Panama Canal from the U.S. in 2000 the country had seen dramatic growth with visible prosperity in Panama City, but Panama still suffered from widespread poverty. While Panama prospered over the last 10 years, the benefits were not shared by all where the country's

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Panama's present and future infrastructure projects included a new rail system, new roadways, airport expansion, large-scale event venues, mega shopping malls, and thousands of new hotel rooms. Prices continued to rise in Panama's housing market with no signs of a housing bubble. A group of

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and parts of the countryside experienced 90% poverty. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that Panama had failed to reduce tax evasion, fraud, and money laundering involving the purchasing of commercial and industrial real properties, other luxury assets, and financial services.

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reported that while Panama had the fastest growing economy in Latin America with new buildings going skywards; the poor indigenous communities were not benefitting from the new wealth. While Panama's economy was averaging 9% growth over the past five years, it still had one of the largest

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units as well as a condominium building's common areas like the pool, lobby, gym, and social areas. Panama's Public Registry has the Horizontal Property Regime Section where all important documents are recorded such as the land's title deed and the condominium's rules & regulations.

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Corruption has always been a factor effecting Panama's economy. In February 2007, a study published by Vanderbilt University disclosed the cost of Panama's corruption on its economy was between $ 600 million and $ 1.2 billion causing the nation's growth rate to fall 0.5% to 1% in 2006.

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The skyscraper construction boom caused abusive conditions by developers against buyers resulting in a Third Court of Appeals of Panama decision dated November 27, 2007 whereby new rules were created to stem the abusive conditions in new construction purchase and sales contracts.

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Panama was now experiencing a buyer's market because of a condominium over supply. According to the president of Panama's real estate association, there were up to 8,000 unsold luxury apartments while other market observers were claiming as much as 15,000 unsold apartments.

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largest inequality of separation between the rich and the poor in the world. Poverty amongst the indigenous areas is "abysmal" where 95% are poor and 86% "live in extreme poverty". In the rural areas away from the cities 65% live in poverty and 39% live in extreme poverty.

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Panamanian companies called, Convivienda, projected $ 665 million in sales for 2012 delivering 7,429 new homes. During the first seven months, $ 918 million of approved building permits for construction projects amounted to a 45.3% increase over the same period in 2011.

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There are two types of real property ownership. One is the traditional titled deed ownership seen in most countries. The second is called "Rights of Possession" which is the right to occupy government owned properties with the ability to transfer the rights to others.

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In Panama City 1997 there were around 1,400 hotel rooms and in 2013 there were more than 15,000 rooms with an additional 4,500 rooms under construction. While its economy expanded over the past five years by 50%, Panama still struggled with poverty and crime. The

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Similar to the U.S. and Canada, Panama uses a system of publicly recorded titled deeds as proof of real estate ownership. A unique Rights of Possession system exists allowing individuals to occupy unused government lands in order to make improvements to them.

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According to the Global Brigades, an international non-profit organization dedicated to alleviating health problems and economic disparity, nearly 30% of Panama’s population lives in poverty in rural communities lacking in basic water, health, and education.

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Trump's Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower began construction in 2007 and the hotel officially opened on July 6, 2011. The Trump name was later stripped from the structure in 2015, and hotel in 2018, which is now known as the JW Marriott Panama.

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years for residential properties valued up to $ 100,000 USD; 10 years for properties valued from $ 100,000 to $ 250,000; and a 5-year exemption for properties valued above $ 250,000. Non-residential and commercial properties enjoy a 10-year exemption.

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Ownership of private property transfers when the title deed is registered with Panama's Public Registry. Liens, mortgages and other security instruments are registered in Panama's Public Registry with online access to most of this information.

487:(FATF)which negatively effected the nation's economy. A recent International Monetary Fund report indicated that gaps existed in money laundering controls involving real estate agents, insurance brokers, casinos, and lawyers transactions. 4943: 767:

codes setting forth the type of construction, area and height restrictions, density, allowable activities, and parking spaces. Areas are divided into commercial, residential, or mixed usage. These codes must be followed in order for a

195:. Panama has a specific law protecting foreign investments called Law 54 of 1998. According to the Panama government, The Foreign Investor Protection Law states that foreign investors have the same rights as nationals in Panama. 534:

People can take possession of government land to improve it. This is called "Rights of Possession" that can be passed down to the next generation and to the next. These rights can be sold to other parties including foreigners.

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Despite all of the positive publicity there were some speculating a real estate bubble would burst because most Panamanians couldn't afford the high prices and not enough foreigners would purchase the expensive new apartments.

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claimed that Panama's construction boom may have been fueled by illegal drug money based on the amount of empty new condominium buildings while construction continued including 9 out of 10 of Latin America's tallest buildings.

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Panama's economy kept thriving as a banking and regional business hub. In 2013, building permits values increased by 27% and were expected to keep the same pace in 2014 as the construction boom in Panama continued. The

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Similar to "fee simple" title in the U.S., Panama titled property is the most secure method of owning real estate. Title deeds filed with the government's Public Registry verify one's title allowing banks to issue

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while others located in rural areas live in basic poverty. Lack of sanitation, electricity, basic water, health, and education amongst the poor is a serious problem affecting Panama’s housing conditions.

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reported Panama has experienced the fastest economic growth in Latin America for the past ten years. In spite of its growing economy, nearly 25% of Panama's population were living in poverty in 2015.

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or past due rent payments. The tenant can terminate the lease before it expires with at least 30 days written notice before the next rent payment. Property owners cannot terminate leases early.

554:. Most concessions are for 20 years and may be renewed. Concessions are popular in coastal areas and government protected lands. The government protects the concession rights through a written 4706: 447:

Corruption in Panama was still a major problem with the Russian mafia controlling prime real properties in Panama City. Panama was a country of contrasts with parts of Panama City compared to

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In an attempt to encourage foreign investments for real estate projects and infrastructure, the government of Panama enacted laws protecting foreigners and citizens who make investments.

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company in Panama was Chicago Title Insurance Company from the U.S. Title insurance is available in Panama to protect buyers from liens, encumbrances, and defects to the title.

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homes were sold from September 2008 to September 2009 with a net of $ 861 million USD. Every part of Panama was seeing an increase in shopping mall developments in 2009.

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while the Trust only pays a 5% Dividends Tax. Small investors can join other investors in forming a Real Estate Trust to purchase real estate to develop and lease.

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Panama's 29 banks were offering up to 98% financing for 30-year mortgages with preferential interest rates including free appraisals and commission waivers in 2010.

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office buildings created another construction boom for Panama. The Panama construction sector saw an increase of 427% in construction loans over the past 3 years.

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companies, which will collect the buyer's payments and hold them until the seller transfers the property's title to the buyer. The escrow company will perform a

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Rental prices increased dramatically due to the increase of foreigners and multinational companies where rents in Panama City rose 40% over the past five years.

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is available for concession properties. In 2015, a new law was created allowing for marine concession rights to be used by investors as collateral for loans.

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currency, growing economy, good medical care, and low cost of living. Tourism grew by 6% and it was estimated that 1.9 million would visit Panama in 2011.

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to its citizens and foreigners. Foreigners will pay a higher interest rate and can obtain up to 75% financing and can qualify if they have good credit.

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Orlando Perez, Ph.D. and Mitchell Seligson, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University, "The Political Culture of Democracy in Panama: 2006", Page 72, February 2007

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income with the investor. Users of the apartments will have access to the pool, gym, spa, tennis courts, restaurants, and other hotel amenities.

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exist, verify that the seller is the true owner, and will pay the real estate commission and other costs spelled out in the Buy-Sell Contract.

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Panama over built hotel rooms created a crisis in the hotel industry where as much as 70% was discounted for hotel rooms to attract customers.

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deposited over $ 1.4 billion USD into Panama banks in 2009. Venezuelan capital amounted to $ 2.5 billion in 2009 in Panama's Colon Free Zone.

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A Bill before Panama's National Assembly in 2015 sought to tighten money laundering controls as the country remained on the gray list of the

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properties are government grants to public property allowing individuals or companies to occupy for a specific purpose such as developing a

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completion caused by developers, and limits on how much developers could increase contracted sales prices for increased costs of materials.

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Mauricio Cárdenas and Natalia Salazar, Inter-American Development Bank Report, "Panama's Growth Diagnostics", Page 22, September 17, 2007

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when sales occur. The MLS was created by the Panama Association of Brokers and Real Estate Developers (ACOBIR) in existence since 1973.

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Eduardo Achurra M. of Pardini law firm, HG.Org Legal Resources, May 20, 2008 "Real Estate Buyer Rights in Panama: Recent Developments"

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The effects of the 2008 global economic crisis had little effect on Panama's housing market compared to other countries. 7,656 new

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The new residential and business park complex, Panama Pacifico, was expected to invest $ 345 million USD in the next five years.

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announced the construction of a huge hotel, casino, condominium apartments, and office building on the waterfront in 2006. The

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are governed by the Civil Code of 1917, which covers most residential leases and all commercial and industrial leases. The

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Manoj Chatlani, Panama attorney & Steven Rich, The Visitor, "Tips for Buying Panama Real Estate", January 28, 2008,

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permeates the real estate market including claims of drug profits and money laundering financing real estate projects.

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/latin-america/realtors,-casinos,-lawyers,-insurance,-face-money-laundering-controls

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The former U.S. Howard Air Force Base was to be developed on a specialized economic zone of 1,400 hectares called the

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Natasha Kracynski, ExpatNewsWire, "Despite High Growth, Panama Real Estate Bubble Bursts", December 4, 2014

1847:"Panamá Pacífico to Invest $ 345 Million in 5 Years - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1443: 690:

Here is a link to the translation from Spanish to English of The Law Governing Real Estate Agents in Panama:

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http://proinvex.mici.gob.pa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85&Itemid=91&lang=en

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Panama Offshore Legal Services, "About Rights of Possession Properties" Part 1, The Visitor, April 29, 2011

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Newsroom Panama, "Realtors, casinos, lawyers, insurance, face money laundering controls", February 2, 2015

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Despite apparent economic growth, office vacancies were soaring at the highest percentage in Latin America.

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Republic of Panama's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Operations Manual Summit of the Americas 2015", Page 2,

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Panama Offshore Legal Services, "About Rights of Possession Properties" Part 2, The Visitor, May 6, 2011

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/panama-fertile-ground-for-fraud-tax-evasion-money-laundering-imf

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Jeff Barton, NuWire Investment, "Influx of Euro Buyers Hits Panama City Real Estate", September 17, 2015

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Newsroom Panama, "Panama fertile ground for fraud, tax evasion, money laundering - IMF", March 10, 2014

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http://www.nuwireinvestor.com/articles/new-influx-of-euro-buyers-hits-panama-city-real-estate-63045.aspx

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Panama attorneys Patricia Villanueva and Elizabeth Heurtematte, "Panama", Latin Lawyer, November 2014

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Panama attorneys Patricia Villanueva and Elizabeth Heurtematte, "Panama", Latin Lawyer November 2014

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relies on foreign investment. The sector has grown since 2006, as such investment has helped to fuel

39: 3297: 3185: 3095: 3076: 3001: 2454: 2373:"Panama: Rise in Residential Construction - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1963:"Panama: Construction Sector Grows by 64% - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1238: 4513: 4348: 4267: 4242: 4237: 3489: 2964:

http://www.newsroompanama.com/columns/your-man/martinelli’s-singapore-fantasy-clouded-by-corruption

1719:"Analysis of Panama's Real Estate Market - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1487: 702: 2347: 2092: 4656: 4602: 4363: 4105: 3771: 3660: 3509: 2945:

http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/rate-down-but-over-10-of-panamanians-in-extreme-poverty

2569:"Boom Construction Continues in Panama - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 2136:"House Sales for $ 665 million in 2012 - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1410: 1132:

Eugene Kiselev, "The concrete Jungle: Panama's Construction Explosion", Lehigh University Press,

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Panama attorneys Diego de la Guardia and Jose Luis Sosa, "Panama", Latin Lawyer, July 31, 2015

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In 2010, Panama created a new law allowing for Real Estate Trusts, which are based on the U.S.

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In 2008, Panama's poverty rate remained high in spite of the country's strong economic growth.

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http://expatnewswire.com/news/2014/12/04/despite-high-growth-panama-real-estate-bubble-bursts/

2252:"Panama: Boom in Construction Loans - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 4676: 4523: 4480: 4396: 3932: 3912: 3886: 3876: 3836: 3704: 3665: 3567: 3524: 3499: 3479: 3038:

Panama attorneys Patricia Villanueva and Elizabeth Heurtematte in Latin Lawyer November 2014

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Steven Rich, "Know what type of Real Estate you are buying", The Visitor, September 22, 2006

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/real-estate-3-what-big-bucks-will-get-you-in-panama

2276:"Panama: Building Permits Rise 60% - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1623:"$ 246 million for hotel in Panama - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1134:

https://martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/sites/martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/files/the_concrete_jungle.pdf

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Panama Offshore Legal Services, "Real Estate Basics (Part 1)", The Visitor, April 22, 2011

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Newsroom Panama,"Rate down but over 10% of Panamanians in extreme poverty" October 10, 2015

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Panama Offshore Legal Services, "Pre-Construction Contracts", The Visitor, June 25, 2010,

1823:"Residential Mortgages in Panama - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1647:"Panama enjoys construction boom - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 925: 514: 139: 85: 8: 4830: 4470: 4434: 4308: 4298: 4225: 4003: 3826: 3821: 3655: 3560: 3555: 3205:

http://demo.vitocortesewebsite.dev3.sibers.com/New_Site/Visitor14-37/special_visitor.html

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/martinelli-vetoes-bill-to-curb-developer-abuses

1743:"Shopping Mall Fever in Panama - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1398: 773: 441:

in its April 3, 2014 edition proclaimed: "Panama Capitalizes on Glimmers of Resurgence"

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Newsroom Panama, "Martinelli’s Singapore fantasy clouded by corruption" August 9, 2015

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Kent Davis, Newsroom Panama, "What big bucks will get you in Panama" October 20, 2013

2112:"No Housing Bubble in Panama - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 1987:"Panama's Real Estate Market - CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 901: 646: 389: 289:

published a report in 2007 calling for more progress with poverty reduction in Panama.

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opened in 1914, the country's economy has depended on banking, transportation, and the

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Steven Rich, "Panama's Taxes Related to Real Estate", Panama Guide, August 7, 2006,

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/cabinet-approval-for-russia-extradition-deal

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and the security deposit is returned to the tenant after the lease expires unless the

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/business/real-estate/panama’s-continuing-building-boom

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Newsroom Panama, "Martinelli vetoes bill to curb developer abuses" April 14, 2012

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for a residential rental is deposited with the Ministry of Housing along with the

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Steven Rich, "Finding a Real Estate Agent (Part 2)", The Visitor, May 18, 2007,

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Steven Rich, "Finding a Real Estate Agent (Part 1)", The Visitor, May 4, 2007,

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The Wall Street Journal, "Panama REIT Industry Aims for Takeoff" December 2, 2014

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Newsroom Panama, "Cabinet approval for Russia extradition deal" August 31, 2015

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Panama Offshore Legal Services, "Escrow Services", The Visitor, April 1, 2010,

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Kent Davis, "Panama Real Estate an Insider's Game?", The Visitor, May 31, 2013

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exceptions, many foreigners work as promoters for Panama real estate companies.

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http://www.newsroompanama.com/travel/panama/panama-hotel-rooms-a-buyer-s-market

1876: 1394:"Trump Panama hotel showdown appears to end, and the Trump name is coming down" 857: 801: 460: 438: 260: 166: 4594: 5004: 4583: 4318: 3866: 3798: 3783: 3612: 2605: 2523: 2512:"A Once-Vibrant City Struggles as Panama Races Ahead on a Wave of Prosperity" 2466: 2421: 2048: 1802: 1348: 1315: 1122:

https://ftp.thevisitorpanama.com/2013/05/panama-real-estate-an-insiders-game/

1040: 950:"World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability" 335: 4247: 2486: 1938: 352:

Panama's real estate market grew in 2010 due to increase in tourism, having

4419: 4038: 3937: 3922: 3896: 3719: 3685: 3341:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor15-15/special_visitor.html

3255:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor13-11/special_visitor.html

3234:

Panama Guide, "Law Governing Real Estate Agents in Panama", March 3, 2007

3217:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor13-10/special_visitor.html

3021:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor12-20/special_visitor.html

740: 732: 599: 587: 240: 154: 3398:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor14-8/special_visitor.html

3396:

Steven Rich, "Know the Rules of Renting", The Visitor, March 21, 2008,

3379:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor13-3/special_visitor.html

3136:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor14-3/special_visitor.html

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Panama has a Horizontal Property Law for condominiums. This law governs

353: 328: 1531: 1424: 338:, "Panama's income distribution is among the least equal in the world." 219:

The building boom began with the proposed skyscraper project called the

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Steven Rich, "Developing Properties", The Visitor, January 26, 2007,

3203:

Steven Rich, "Condo Hotel Investment", The Visitor, October 10, 2008,

2442:

http://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama/paradise-on-the-cheap-no-more

286: 203:, and high exposure to North and South American economic environments. 115: 3058: 2861:

Newsroom Panama, "Panama Hotel Rooms A Buyer's Market", July 20, 2015

2811:

Newsroom Panama, "Panama’s continuing building boom", August 19, 2015

825:

http://cumbredelasamericas.pa/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/manual_en.pdf

236:

skyscraper projects generated a lot of international media publicity.

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http://www.emporis.com/buildings/250025/ice-tower-panama-city-panama

949: 4821: 3998: 3942: 3744: 3670: 3453: 3360:

http://latinlawyer.com/reference/topics/67/jurisdictions/34/panama/

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http://latinlawyer.com/reference/topics/67/jurisdictions/34/panama/

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http://latinlawyer.com/reference/topics/53/jurisdictions/34/panama/

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http://latinlawyer.com/reference/topics/67/jurisdictions/34/panama/

2440:

Newsroom Panama, "Paradise on the cheap no more" December 8, 2013

2037:"Bursts of Economic Growth in Panama Have Yet to Banish Old Ghosts" 716: 555: 510: 299: 4131: 2487:"BBC World Service - From Our Own Correspondent, India and Panama" 1670: 3298:

https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor16-14/third.html

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https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor16-26/third.html

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https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor17-18/third.html

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https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor17-17/third.html

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https://www.thevisitorpanama.com/New_Site/Visitor17-16/third.html

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Steven Rich, "Title Insurance", The Visitor, April 10, 2009,

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The Visitor, "The Europeans Are Coming", October 1, 2015 Page 2

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http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/panama/2006-politicalculture.pdf

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http://latintrade.com/panama%e2%80%99s-travel-and-tourism-boom/

2091:

Latin Trade Magazine, "Panama's Travel and Tourism Boom" 2012

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disparities between the wealthy and the poor in Latin America.

322: 307: 303: 3411: 44:

Article has lots of bold pseudo headings, may need more links.

3759: 2739:"International Investors Fuel Panama City Real Estate Growth" 736: 551: 456: 452: 363:

In 2010, Panama's poverty level was 29.8% of its population.

1245:(in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on June 30, 2013 3724: 2832:

https://thevisitorpanama.com/issues/visitor21-40/index.html

2689:"Panama's Canal Divides A Country Into Haves And Have-Nots" 3236:

http://www.panama-guide.com/article.php/20070303100422247

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http://www.panama-guide.com/article.php/20060807175536720

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http://www.panama-guide.com/article.php/20070303100422247

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http://www.iadb.org/res/files/GDM/September/PA-final.pdf

1029:

Recreation and Society in Africa, Asia and Latin America

298:

Hotel in Panama City in 2008. Investors from the U.S.,

2924:

DW Media Broadcast, "Poverty in Panama" April 10, 2015

2011:"Panama's towering ambitions strain its infrastructure" 1282:

The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate

239:

Panama City's real estate boom really got a lift when

2348:"Panama property boosted by influx of foreign buyers" 1220:

http://www.ptyenglishnews.com/Panama-Real-Estate.html

2645:"Has Panama weaned itself off drugs and cleaned up?" 1915:"Buyers Have Opportunities in Panama's Condo Market" 1877:"Real Estate | Encuentra24.com real estate listings" 1444:"Construction boom in Panama is built on drug money" 999:

The Official Guide to Living and Investing in Panama

96:

In spite of the economic and housing market growth,

1392:Currud, Ana; Fahrenthold, David A. (5 March 2018). 1304:"Trump Ocean Club, International Hotel & Tower" 1239:"Top nhà cái uy tín nhất Việt Nam không thể bỏ qua" 211:Panama's real estate market began to grow in 2006. 2926:http://www.dw.com/en/poverty-in-panama/av-18374058 2764:"International Investment in Panama is Ramping Up" 2410:"Panama Beach Towns Prepare for a Burst of Buyers" 1870: 1868: 1866: 1153:"Palacio de la Bahia, Panama - SkyscraperPage.com" 1391: 1369:"JW Marriott Panama, Panama - SkyscraperPage.com" 310:were looking to invest in construction projects. 285:Regardless of the real estate economic boom, The 5002: 1022: 459:while others parts were similar to the slums of 4624: 2203:"Colon Free Zone: Panama repeals land sale law" 1863: 1551:"Documents & Reports - Temporary Redirects" 2594:"Panama Capitalizes on Glimmers of Resurgence" 2228:"Economic growth is not enough | Social Watch" 1278:"Donald Trump Launches Luxury Tower in Panama" 245:Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower 4610: 4147: 4074:List of housing markets by real estate prices 3427: 1337:"Donald Trump Goes on an Adventure in Panama" 4944:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 686:Law governing real estate brokers in English 191:that Panama in 2010 found a temporary niche 1899:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1874: 1671:"Viasat Internet Service Providers Near Me" 1023:Jackiewicz, Edward L.; Craine, Jim (2010). 4617: 4603: 4154: 4140: 4114: 3434: 3420: 896: 894: 701:Not until 2014 did Panama start its first 206: 146:representative democratic republic with a 2509: 2069:"Panama Booms While Poor Watch From Afar" 2034: 932:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-07-01 67:Learn how and when to remove this message 1196:"Ice Tower, Panama - SkyscraperPage.com" 494: 142:. Its political structure is that of a 2452: 1505: 891: 869: 867: 595:also avoids the 2% Title Transfer Tax. 5003: 2761: 2736: 2544:"Panama's Investment and Banking Boom" 1334: 185: 4598: 4135: 3415: 2762:Realty, Punta Pacifica (2015-07-28). 2737:Realty, Punta Pacifica (2015-03-31). 2591: 2407: 1532:http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=6188 1425:http://www.app.gob.pa/index.php?p=app 1053:Panama Government Agency "PROINVEX" 130:The Republic of Panama is located in 4101: 2788:"Panama City, FL Real Estate Market" 1301: 864: 763:Panama's urban areas are divided by 161:. According to a 2012 report by the 17: 4161: 2510:Archibold, Randal C. (2013-03-23). 2035:Archibold, Randal C. (2011-12-14). 1508:"Panama: A Bubble Waiting to Burst" 468:welfare still needed to be lifted. 13: 4059:Undergraduate real estate programs 697:Multiple listing service in Panama 14: 5027: 3857:Investment rating for real estate 715:Panama banks offer a real estate 4820: 4787:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4113: 4100: 4088: 4087: 3390: 3371: 3352: 3333: 3309: 3290: 3266: 3247: 3228: 3209: 3197: 3178: 3159: 3140: 3128: 680:National Association of Realtors 257:London & Regional Properties 22: 3441: 3119: 3100: 3088: 3069: 3051: 3032: 3013: 2994: 2975: 2956: 2937: 2918: 2893: 2874: 2855: 2836: 2824: 2805: 2780: 2755: 2730: 2705: 2681: 2662: 2637: 2618: 2585: 2561: 2536: 2503: 2479: 2446: 2434: 2401: 2389: 2365: 2340: 2316: 2292: 2268: 2244: 2220: 2195: 2176: 2152: 2128: 2104: 2085: 2061: 2028: 2003: 1979: 1955: 1931: 1907: 1839: 1815: 1783: 1759: 1735: 1711: 1687: 1663: 1639: 1615: 1591: 1567: 1543: 1524: 1499: 1480: 1461: 1436: 1417: 1385: 1361: 1328: 1295: 1270: 1231: 1212: 1188: 1169: 1145: 1126: 1114: 1090: 1066: 1047: 4216:Reunification of Gran Colombia 4014:Graduate real estate education 3459:Tertiary sector of the economy 1016: 990: 966: 942: 918: 836: 817: 1: 1791:"A plan to unlock prosperity" 811: 125: 100:is a problem in Panama. Most 3968:Real estate investment trust 3573:Extraterrestrial real estate 3063:/www.registro-publico.gob.pa 3059:"Registro Publico de Panama" 1919:www.worldpropertyjournal.com 1506:Halpern, Abel (2006-09-26). 1423:Panama Pacific Agency (APP) 572:Real estate investment trust 513:loans using the property as 7: 4625:Real estate in the Americas 4491:Water supply and sanitation 3973:Real property administrator 3963:Real estate investment club 2592:Brass, Kevin (2014-04-03). 2453:Neville, Tim (2013-05-03). 2408:Brass, Kevin (2013-12-19). 485:Financial Action Task Force 42:. The specific problem is: 10: 5032: 3630:Private equity real estate 3321:www.centralamericadata.com 2573:www.centralamericadata.com 2377:www.centralamericadata.com 2328:www.centralamericadata.com 2304:www.centralamericadata.com 2280:www.centralamericadata.com 2256:www.centralamericadata.com 2164:www.centralamericadata.com 2140:www.centralamericadata.com 2116:www.centralamericadata.com 1991:www.centralamericadata.com 1851:www.centralamericadata.com 1827:www.centralamericadata.com 1771:www.centralamericadata.com 1747:www.centralamericadata.com 1723:www.centralamericadata.com 1699:www.centralamericadata.com 1651:www.centralamericadata.com 1627:www.centralamericadata.com 1603:www.centralamericadata.com 1579:www.centralamericadata.com 1335:Rogers, Tim (2010-03-20). 172: 4962: 4929:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4829: 4818: 4630: 4556: 4499: 4456: 4447: 4392: 4383: 4294: 4285: 4233: 4224: 4173: 4082: 3986: 3905: 3812: 3684: 3648: 3578:International real estate 3548: 3467: 3449: 3278:www.panamaenglishnews.com 1967:en.centralamericadata.com 1302:Kaye, Nick (2006-05-05). 1262:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1098:"Panama: Risk Assessment" 849:Index of Economic Freedom 772:or a builder to obtain a 707:commission (remuneration) 193:as a safe place to invest 4949:Turks and Caicos Islands 4299:Administrative divisions 4211:Separation from Colombia 2901:"Panama country profile" 1078:U.S. Department of State 879:U.S. Department of State 703:Multiple Listing Service 3772:Real estate transaction 3661:Real estate development 1411:San Francisco Chronicle 854:The Heritage Foundation 770:real estate development 207:History: 2006 - present 5016:Real estate by country 4864:British Virgin Islands 3872:Real estate derivative 3832:Effective gross income 3598:Healthcare real estate 2548:Institutional Investor 1175:Emporis, "Ice Tower", 856:. 2015. Archived from 759:Developing real estate 674:In order to become a " 136:Republic of Costa Rica 4777:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4029:Industry trade groups 3933:Exclusive buyer agent 3887:Real estate valuation 3877:Real estate economics 3837:Gross rent multiplier 3666:Real estate investing 3568:Corporate Real Estate 3274:"Panama English NEWS" 645:Panama law defines a 544:Concession (contract) 539:Concession properties 495:Real estate ownership 201:drug money laundering 163:U.S. State Department 3847:Highest and best use 3813:Economics, financing 3777:Real estate contract 3671:Real estate flipping 3640:Residential property 3583:Lease administration 3535:United Arab Emirates 2455:"Panama City Rising" 1002:. Costa Rica Books. 530:Rights of possession 515:collateral (finance) 140:Republic of Colombia 93:and housing market. 86:real estate industry 49:improve this article 38:to meet Knowledge's 4954:U.S. Virgin Islands 4797:Trinidad and Tobago 4642:Antigua and Barbuda 3827:Capitalization rate 3822:Asset-based lending 3656:Property management 3561:Commercial building 3556:Commercial property 2232:www.socialwatch.org 1399:The Washington Post 774:construction permit 636:Real estate brokers 255:to be developed by 230:Palacio de la Bahia 221:Palacio de la Bahia 186:Investment security 4707:Dominican Republic 4425:Telecommunications 4054:Real estate trends 3958:Real estate broker 3928:Chartered Surveyor 3882:Real estate bubble 3862:Mortgage insurance 3695:Adverse possession 3618:Luxury real estate 3593:Garden real estate 3403:2015-09-30 at the 3384:2015-09-28 at the 3365:2015-09-28 at the 3346:2015-10-01 at the 3303:2016-03-04 at the 3260:2016-03-04 at the 3241:2007-03-06 at the 3222:2016-03-04 at the 3191:2016-03-04 at the 3172:2015-09-28 at the 3153:2015-04-06 at the 3113:2015-04-18 at the 3082:2016-03-04 at the 3045:2015-09-28 at the 3026:2016-03-04 at the 3007:2016-03-04 at the 2988:2015-09-02 at the 2969:2015-09-10 at the 2950:2015-10-10 at the 2931:2015-09-28 at the 2887:2015-08-01 at the 2868:2015-08-11 at the 2849:2015-10-01 at the 2818:2015-09-10 at the 2675:2015-09-28 at the 2631:2015-10-04 at the 2598:The New York Times 2516:The New York Times 2459:The New York Times 2414:The New York Times 2189:2016-03-04 at the 2098:2015-09-28 at the 2041:The New York Times 1943:data.worldbank.org 1881:© encuentra24.com/ 1537:2015-07-09 at the 1493:2015-12-27 at the 1474:2015-09-29 at the 1430:2015-03-15 at the 1373:skyscraperpage.com 1308:The New York Times 1225:2015-07-17 at the 1218:PTY English News, 1200:skyscraperpage.com 1182:2015-09-28 at the 1157:skyscraperpage.com 1139:2015-09-28 at the 1102:globaledge.msu.edu 1060:2015-09-28 at the 930:The World Factbook 830:2015-04-15 at the 784:Renting properties 670:Realtors in Panama 647:real estate broker 624:Condominium hotels 566:Real estate trusts 390:Ricardo Martinelli 148:multi-party system 82:Republic of Panama 5011:Economy of Panama 4998: 4997: 4592: 4591: 4552: 4551: 4443: 4442: 4379: 4378: 4339:Political parties 4329:National Assembly 4314:Foreign relations 4281: 4280: 4129: 4128: 3767:Property abstract 3750:Land registration 3710:Concurrent estate 3635:Real estate owned 3625:Off-plan property 3603:Vacation property 3588:Niche real estate 1875:Encuentra24.com. 1009:978-1-881233-46-6 727:Panama has a few 664:Power of Attorney 660:real estate agent 582:Real estate taxes 576:Capital Gains Tax 500:Titled properties 102:indigenous people 77: 76: 69: 40:quality standards 31:This article may 5023: 4919:Saint Barthélemy 4879:Falkland Islands 4824: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4572: 4565: 4454: 4453: 4415:Mineral industry 4410: 4390: 4389: 4292: 4291: 4231: 4230: 4206: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4133: 4132: 4117: 4116: 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4981: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4934:Sint Eustatius 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4869:Cayman Islands 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4838: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4404: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4263:National parks 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4159: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4120:List of topics 4110: 4097: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4069:Urban planning 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4049:Property cycle 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4009:Gentrification 4006: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3948:Moving company 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3730:Eminent domain 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3700:Chain of title 3697: 3691: 3689: 3688:and regulation 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 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1089: 1065: 1046: 1015: 1008: 989: 965: 941: 917: 890: 863: 860:on 2015-05-20. 835: 815: 813: 810: 802:property owner 496: 493: 461:Rio de Janeiro 439:New York Times 261:United Kingdom 208: 205: 187: 184: 174: 171: 167:The World Bank 127: 124: 75: 74: 57:September 2021 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5028: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5006: 4991: 4990: 4989:South America 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4967:North America 4965: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884:French Guiana 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4802:United States 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 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3800: 3799:Torrens title 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3784:Real property 3782: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3613:Golf property 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3361: 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