Real tennis - Knowledge

708:, at least one foot must be grounded during the service, but the player may serve from anywhere in the court between the dedans wall and the second gallery line. The serve is played onto the service penthouse, and must touch the service penthouse at least once on the receiver's (hazard) side of the court. It may also touch the service wall above the penthouse or the service penthouse on the server's side. From there, it may touch any other surface including the back wall, back penthouse or battery wall. Serves may be volleyed by the receiver, or be played off a single bounce on the floor. To be a valid serve, the ball must land in the rectangle marked by the service line and the fault line. Serves which land between the fault line and the main wall, beyond the service line, or fail to touch the service penthouse are called fault. Players are permitted a second serve, but if it is also a fault, then the server double faults and the receiver wins the point. Under 3002: 2848: 2979: 972:

the back wall. Players at the hazard end will generally try to hit the ball as deep into the court as possible to lay difficult chases and recover the serve. Players at the service end will use the uncertainty caused by the tambour to deceive their opponents. Different serves and strategies are deployed to prevent players hitting chases, galleries or openings, particularly when playing off chases. Moreover, because of the weight of the balls, the small racquets, and the need to defend the rear of the court, many lawn tennis strategies, such as playing with topspin, and serve-and-volley tactics, are ineffective, except in doubles play.

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will only serve or receive from one player from the other team for the entire set. The exception is if a serve lands between the center line and the fault line, in which case either receiving player may elect to play the ball. At the start of each new set, the players may switch who is serving first and second. The pair at the service end must nominate the first server before the pair at the hazard end nominates the first receiver, so players will occasionally play tactically to ensure that they are at the hazard end at the end of each set to ensure they can choose the match-ups for the new set.

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marker cannot see the service penthouse, so must rely on the sound of the ball or an assistant marker to call service faults. For safety reasons, most clubs and tournaments have moved the marker to a seat in the dedans. In this case, the players call the length of any hazard chases, unless an assistant marker is employed in the grille. As the game is small, most professionals are also trained markers, hence it is not uncommon to see players in a tournament marking other matches in the same draw, even at the elite level.

2915: 379: 2004: 1962: 1924: 1841: 1801: 1732: 31: 2428: 142: 3695: 3545:, sends King Henry a gift of tennis-balls, out of jest, in response to Henry's claim to the French throne. King Henry replies to the French Ambassadors: "His present and your pains we thank you for: When we have matched our rackets to these balls, we will, in France, by God's grace, play a set shall strike his father's crown into the hazard ... And tell the pleasant Prince this mock of his hath turn'd his balls to gun stones". 1284: 1879: 310: 2348: 2510: 2188: 2158: 518:, a roughly square opening measuring between 0.9 by 0.9 metres (2 ft 11 in × 2 ft 11 in) and 1.0 by 1.0 metre (3 ft 3 in × 3 ft 3 in) positioned the upper right hand side as viewed from the court. The grille is generally blocked by a solid wood cover and features a picture or club logo, though American courts generally have netting instead. Beneath the 2740: 2412: 2887: 2756: 2396: 2144: 2804: 2542: 2772: 2558: 2380: 2364: 2268: 3681:. The details of play are interspersed among historical reflections on the game, descriptions of techniques for making the balls, quotations from contemporary sources, gambling that accompanied the game, the backgrounds of the participants and the strategy discussions between the players and their seconds. It is intentionally unclear which details are real and which are imagined by the author. 2938: 2526: 2316: 2300: 2922: 2855: 2708: 2641: 2284: 2252: 2236: 2220: 2788: 2692: 2625: 2332: 2204: 2172: 2954: 2724: 2676: 2609: 2593: 2871: 2820: 901:

wall than the point at which the chase had been set, in which case the receiver would lose the chase (and also the point). In the case of a hazard chase, any winner hit by the receiver wins the point, but any ball that becomes dead between the point where the chase was marked and the grille wall loses the point. Any shot which is equal to the length of the chase being played is called

1128: 1595:) host a National Open event each year, with categories for men's and women's singles and doubles. In the first half of the 20th century, it was uncommon for players to compete at Opens outside of their home country. After the National Opens became a pathway for challenging for the World Championship in 1980, international play has increased. 1415:, becoming the champion in approximately 1740. Scores for challenge formats are only known from 1862 onwards. In general the format for the match has been a best of 13 set format, held over three days of play. The event is held as a challenge format, whereby the incumbent champion awaits a suitable challenger in a manner similar to 834:. It typically bounces several times on the service penthouse before spinning off the back wall towards the center of the court. As it does not keep the ball close to any walls, it is generally easy for the receiver, and is often only seen by players with prior experience in lawn tennis, and not at all in high level play. 1443:. Qualification to the World Championship eliminators is now via the World Race, where competitors accumulate points for their placings at eligible tournaments, with the top four players competing in a series of eliminators for the right to challenge for the championship. The most dominant player of this period has been 180:, which is unwoven and not strong enough to last as a ball covering). The balls were traditionally white, but around the end of the 20th century "optic yellow" was introduced for improved visibility, as had been done years earlier in lawn tennis. The balls are much less bouncy than lawn tennis balls, and weigh about 760:

Served mostly by right handers from the back of the court near the service wall, the underarm twist is played with right-to-left spin and played around knee height. For variation, it may or may not hit the service wall. It is typically much slower in pace than a railroad, despite having similar spin

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Served from the centre of the court, near last gallery, the demi-piqué is played with left-to-right spin - for right handers it is played at head height while for left handers it is played below the waist. A demi-piqué strikes the service penthouse once near hazard first gallery, then the side wall,

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Strung across the centre of the court is a net, which sags in the middle. At the centre of the court, the net is positioned 3 feet (0.91 m) above the playing surface, rising to 5 feet (1.5 m) at the sides of the court. Most courts feature a trough and a sunken basket at the base of the net

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lets two students practice Latin during a game of tennis with a racquet in 1522, although the playing ground is not mentioned. A 1581 translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses by Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara, printed in Venice in quarto form transforms the fatal discus game between Apollo and Hyacinth

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Depending on the tournament, the number of games required to win a set can be varied by the tournament organisers. 8 is a popular choice, also known as a pro set, though variations include sets to any number between 5 and 10. Some tournaments permit an unlimited number of games in the set, with the

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The heavy, solid balls take a great deal of spin, which often causes them to rebound from the walls at unexpected angles. For the sake of a good chase (close to the back wall), it is desirable to use a cutting stroke, which imparts backspin to the ball, causing it to come sharply down after hitting

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Similar to the high serve, the high side wall will hit the service wall before the service penthouse, resulting in the ball running along the grille wall. Difficult to return when served well, if served too long results in a fault (or pass in France), while if served too short is generally easy for

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Served from the main wall at around last gallery, the high serve, also known as a chandelle, is hit as close to the roof as possible, falling once on the service penthouse and then close to the back wall. The serve can be played with either side spin or under spin, resulting in different variations

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Served from the center of the court, often around last gallery, the bobble is played with no spin and hit softly at around hip height. It should bounce or roll several times on the service penthouse but not the service wall, forming an arc and falling close to the grille wall with as little forward

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are made of wood and use very tight nylon strings to cope with the heavy balls. The racquet is oval-shaped to make it easier to strike balls close to the floor or in corners, and to facilitate a fast shot with a low trajectory that is difficult for an opponent to return. However, the rackets have a

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is generally not observed. Players may generally take a short break at the change of ends for refreshments, but may not leave the court except with the permission of the marker (and usually at the end of the set). The general etiquette is that the player changing from the service end to the hazard

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When the condition is met, the players change ends and resolve the chases in the order in which they were laid. To resolve a chase, the point is played with the additional condition that shots hit by the receiver must not become dead (i.e. second bounce or entering a gallery) further from the back

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Once the ball has been served, the players have to return it to the opposite side by striking it with the racket. Unlike for lawn tennis, the ball does not have to bounce off the floor before it can be returned. It can be played in any direction, as long as its trajectory would bring it to hit the

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Served from very close to the service wall, the drag is played with heavy backspin. For right handers, this is typically achieved by serving as a backhand, while for left handers it can be served forehand. When served short, the backspin causes the ball to loose forward momentum, while when served

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Because there are numerous surfaces for the ball to touch during a serve, there are many different styles of serves which are chosen to achieve different tactical advantages. Since the court is asymmetric, different techniques are required for right and left-handed players. Some of the most common

1494:. Unlike the singles championship, the doubles championship is an Open knock-out format, initially restricted to the top 8 pairs based on world ranking, but restricted to the top 4 pairs since 2022. Matches are played as a best of 9 set format. The most successful players include 6 time champions 719:

In doubles play, the two players in the pair alternate serving or receiving at the end of each game. The first player will serve or receive the entirety of the first game, with the second player serving or receiving the entirety of the second game and so on. This means that a player from one team

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Fred Tompkins: Head professional of the Philadelphia court. When the New York Racquet and Tennis club opened, Fred Tompkins was invited to be head professional. However, when Fred went to his brother Alfred to borrow money for his passage, Alfred decided to go over in Fred's place; Fred Tompkins

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In addition, a number of professional events are held each year which do not carry world ranking points, including the US National (only open to US based professionals), the Category A Open Championships (only open to handicaps 0-15), the Tasmanian Open, the Victorian Open, the Tambour Tour, the

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The score of the match is kept by a marker. The role of the marker is to mark the position of chases, call service faults, record the score and manage the conduct of the players. Traditionally, the marker stands at the net opening to get a view of the whole court. However, from this position the

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Positioned mirroring the last gallery but on the hazard side, the winning gallery can be identified by the presence of a bell in the netting of the gallery that rings when the gallery is struck. The gallery is rarely defended, but difficult to hit, as inaccurate shots could go into hazard second

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Served from near the second gallery line in the centre of the court, the serve is played with a side wall action for right-handers or a railroad action for left-handers. The ball is played deep into the service penthouse, then striking the service wall, the grille penthouse, the back wall before

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granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating a career for the 'maître paumiers' and, establishing three levels of professionals – apprentice, associate, and master. The first codification of the rules of real tennis was written by a professional named

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Served from the back of the court near the side penthouse, the side wall serve is played with a left-to-right spin at around head height. It is hit directly onto the side wall above the net, then hitting the service penthouse on the way down. If allowed to hit the back wall, the serve will spin

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to introduce machine-made balls in the 1970s, almost all balls are entirely hand made by club professionals. The inner core of a ball can last several years, but the cover must be replaced every two to three weeks, depending on usage. Balls are produced in sets of around 60 and hand-sewn by the

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Served from near the main around the second gallery line, the piqué is played with an overhead action, hit hard directly at the service penthouse. The ball then flies high in the air and lands near the grille wall close to the fault line. It is often used to target a weaker receiver in doubles

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Served from the back of the court close to the service wall, the railroad is played overhead with a fast right-to-left action. For right handed players, the stance is usually front-on with the service motion led by the elbow to impart side-spin on the ball, whereas for left handed players, the

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Served from the center of the court, the boomerang is played deep onto the service penthouse, before bouncing up to the grille penthouse, then the back wall, returning to the service penthouse and falling flush with the grille wall. When served well, it is impossible to return, so there is a

1423:. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the incumbent champion dictated the terms, location and times of his challenge, which required any challengers to be backed by sponsors who provided a sufficient prize purse to fund a challenge. The most notable champion of this period was 876:

The receiver hits the ball into the galleries on the service side of the net (last gallery, second gallery, the door, or the line). The chase is marked by the line corresponding to the gallery the ball entered. Hitting a gallery post corresponds to entering the gallery closer to the

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or advantage sets played, so at a score of 5-all, the player who wins the next game wins the set. Because the service is decided by the chase rule, rather than alternating between the players, there is little residual advantage from serving first by the time the set is nearly over.

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The smallest of the three openings, positioned next to the tambour. Because balls struck towards the grille threaten to hit either the tambour or the grille, the receiving player must use their judgement as to which shot to defend. In doubles play, each player covers one of the two

1163:, but the construction and appearance of courts more resemble medieval courtyards and streets than religious buildings. By the 16th century, the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area, and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread across 2077:. In 2009, a series of bilateral team competitions began for players aged under 26 known as the Van Alen (GB vs USA), Morris Clothier (USA vs Australia) and George Limb Trophies (GB vs Australia). There are currently no international team competitions open to professionals. 3837:

Real tennis has occasionally been televised, but the court (which does not well lend itself to the placement of cameras), the speed at which the ball travels, and the complexity of the rules all militate against the effectiveness and popularity of televised programming.

905:- no change is made to the score but the chase is not replayed. The presence of chases encourages players to play the ball as deep into the court as possible, as short chases close to the back wall are heavily weighted towards the server, and discourages shots such as a 880:

The server hits the ball into any of the galleries on the hazard side of the net except the winning gallery (which would win the point). The server loses the right to serve and has laid a hazard chase, which is marked by the line corresponding to the gallery the ball

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In 1959, responsibility for running the world championship was handed to the national governing body of the incumbent champion. In 1980, rules for eligibility of challengers were defined as any winner of a national Open title. However, after incumbent champion

3612:(1964), by Jeremy Potter, is a thriller-detective story featuring real tennis on the court at Hampton Court Palace. During the story the game is explained, and the book contains a diagram of a real tennis court. Jeremy Potter wrote historical works (including 884:

The server hits a ball not retrieved by the receiver but becomes dead between the net and the service line. The server loses the right to serve and has laid a hazard chase, which is marked by the point the ball becomes dead as measured from the service

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is won by the first player to have won a total of four points, and to be at least two points more than their opponent. The points are called "love", "15", "30" and "40" respectively. If both players have reached 40 in the game, the score is called as

1037:, where the first score called corresponds to the server, in real tennis the first score called corresponds to the player who has won the most recent point. As chases are resolved at or before game point, no chases carry through to subsequent games. 652:, where the two windows at the ends of the court are still in play. Alternatively, some courts feature skylights in the roof of the building. All courts now feature artificial lighting, allowing play at all times of day. Some modern courts, such as 3435:, France: 74 rue Lauriston, Jeu de Paume. Known as 'Société Sportive du Jeu de Paume & de Racquets', this club was privately built in 1908 after the Jeu de Paume in the Tuileries gardens was transformed into an art gallery/ exhibition hall. 740:. An ideal railroad will bounce no more than a few inches from the bottom of the penthouse, then kick off the floor back towards the galleries, forcing the receiver to play the wall close to the side penthouse and out of position up the court. 1053:

starts each second game with the nominated score, that is, a player playing "owe half 15" starts the first game at love, and the second game at owe 15. In handicap matches, deuces are never played - a score of 40-all is winner-takes-all.

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The major international team competition is the Bathurst Cup, with teams of amateur players from each tennis playing country competing in singles and doubles. The first Bathust Cup was held in 1922 between Great Britain and France at

3441:, France: a new court was built in 2019/2020 and is located in Mérignac. This modern facility replaces the first Mérignac court, which closed in 2013, whose predecessor was the original Bordeaux court, which closed in 1978. 1910: 1647: 1440: 453:, built 2 to 2.2 metres (6 ft 7 in to 7 ft 3 in) above the floor and extending to a width of 1.6 to 2.2 metres (5 ft 3 in to 7 ft 3 in). The wall without a penthouse is called the 1139:

which means "take heed" – a warning from the server to the receiver. Real tennis evolved, over three centuries, from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France. This had some similarities to

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Due to the small nature of the game, rackets are almost exclusively sold by club professionals who also provide restringing services to club members. Even at the elite level, professionals string their own rackets.

2877: 3885:: World Champion, 1994–2016, 2018. Fahey successfully defended his world championship title more times (11) than any previous champion. In April 2018 he regained the title, defeating Camden Riviere 7 sets to 5. 852:

Because of the asymmetry of the court, play generally favours the player at the service end of the court. The presence of the tambour at the hazard end introduces uncertainty for the receiving player. Unlike

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requires more than four points to win the game. Such odds are counted backwards, so a player requiring five points starts at "owe 15", while a player requiring six points starts at "owe 30". A player with

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Pau: A trinquet court near the border with Spain, this club is actively seeking funds and support from local government to make the necessary renovations to the court to turn it into a real tennis court.

873:', that is, a shot which is not reached by the server. The chase is marked at the point the ball becomes dead, i.e., the second bounce on the floor, as measured from the back wall using the chase lines. 4664: 3963:(1915 – 2010) won the US Amateur Court Tennis singles title eight times (1941, 1950 - 1956 inclusive) and the doubles title 13 times (1948 - 1951, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1971). 3606:

takes place in a tennis milieu. The title alludes to a shot that hits "the nick" (where the wall meets the floor), called "dead" because it then bounces very little and is frequently unreturnable.

1650:, with ranking points based on the total prize fund at the tournament. National Opens receive a 1.5 times multiplier to their ranking points. Current tournaments with world ranking points include: 704:

To begin play, the players spin a racket or toss a coin to decide who serves first. Serves are always made from the service end of the court, that is, the side of the court with the dedans. Unlike

4685: 3241:, London. Opened in 1886, is the National headquarters of the governing body of real tennis, the Tennis and Rackets Association (T&RA), and hosts the British Open every year: 2 courts in use 4154: 3400:: on the former Whitney estate on the north shore of Long Island (the town of Manhasset); now a dormant court and accessible only to staff of the United Nations under exceptional circumstances. 1614:

Women's Open events began in 1978, with Opens contested in all four countries by 1990. Unlike the men's game which is mostly contested by professionals, the women's game remains predominantely

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basket placed in a hole in the floor underneath the net. A trough under the net allows balls hit into the net to roll into the basket. The entire basket of balls is tipped into a tray in the

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briefly feature the game. Although presented with varying degrees of accuracy, these films provide a chance to see the game played, which otherwise may be difficult to observe personally.

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opened the court at Canford in 1879, although there had been an earlier court built in the grounds of the manor house dating back to 1541. It is still in use in a building that belongs to

510:, between 5.7 and 6.7 metres (19 and 22 ft) wide positioned centrally along the wall. A net across the opening allows spectators to view the game without fear of injury. Beneath the 125:

There are just 45 active real tennis courts in the world, located in the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States and France. There are also currently six disused courts, such as the

1352:-based builder, Joseph Bickley (1835–1923). He became a specialist around 1889 and patented a plaster mix to withstand condensation and dampness. Examples of his surviving work include: 2354: 4724: 1980: 414:

court is a rectangular indoor court with high walls on all four sides and a high ceiling. The floor size of a court can vary from 28.3 by 9.1 metres (93 ft × 30 ft) at

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Palace. The oldest surviving real tennis court in England, built on the site of an even older (1528) court in the 1620s, where the game can be watched by the general public during

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The largest of the three openings, and the only one at the service end. Players aiming for the dedans typically hit the ball hard and flat with slight top-spin, a shot known as a

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Unlike latex-based technology underlying the modern lawn tennis ball, the game uses a cork-cored ball which is very close in design to the original balls used in the game. The

5377: 2370: 402:: each end of the court differs in shape from the other, and the left and right sides of the court are also different. All existing tennis courts in the modern day are of the 4046:: multiple singles and doubles Women's World champion, multiple time winner at British, US, French and Australian Open, Grand Slam 1996–97, current Ladies Masters Champion 1948: 889:

Laying a chase or hazard chase does not immediately score points nor trigger a change of ends. Instead, the length of the chase is recorded and play continues until either:

948:, either directly into the dedans or after bouncing once on the floor. Shots hit too high go onto the dedans penthouse, and are usually an easy ball for the server to play. 2322: 1990: 4796: 1865: 622: 467:, an angled wall 0.7 to 1.0 metre (2 ft 4 in to 3 ft 3 in) wide at an angle of approximately 53 degrees, though some courts can be up to 59 degrees. 2902: 2861: 1936: 3215:, Woodcote, opened in 1954, a club situated in one of the leading Catholic private schools in England. Its many sports facilities include court tennis: 1 court in use 2036:

There is currently no formalised structure for the women's events, with each Open championship being organised independently by the relevant national governing body.

3591: 2810: 1545:. Both singles and doubles competitions are contested at the same event as an unrestricted Open knock-out draw. The most successful players include 6-time champion 1439:

in 2000 and 2001, no suitable challengers were available, so the rules were changed to hand responsibility for the terms, timing and location of challengers to the

1718: 4005:: First American amateur champion of court tennis in 1892, and apparent inventor of the overhead "railroad service," currently the most popular serve in the game. 3891:: American champion from 1906 to 1926, one of the longest streaks in the history of sport. From 1907 to 1925, he lost only one singles match, to English champion 172:

with fabric tape tightly wound around it, compacted by outer windings of string, and covered with a hand-sewn layer of heavy, woven, woollen cloth, traditionally

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https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/played-in-london-directory-sporting-assets-london/DirectoryofHistoricSportingAssetsinLondon.pdf/

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finally falling flush with the grille wall close to the fault line. Rarely seen in singles play, it is often used to target a weaker receiver in doubles play.

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from the back wall. The lines are numbered on the side walls up to 6 on the service side and 2 on the hazard side, with the seventh line corresponding to the

3975:: The first foreign winner of the American championship in 1900. Unusually for the period, Miles was a vegetarian, and produced a book on dietetics entitled 1819: 754:

then may or may not hit the service penthouse a second time on the way down. The uncertainty of the trajectory on the way down makes it difficult to volley.

526:, extends to the floor and allows players to enter the court and change ends. Counted from the centre of the court, the openings are known symmetrically as 298:

has reduced the demand for wooden rackets of any sport, resulting in the larger companies leaving the industry. More recently, Harrow Sports has introduced

1197:(1515–47) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among both courtiers and commoners. His successor, 975:

Play must be continuous, so at the conclusion of one point, the server immediately collects a new ball and moves into position to serve the next point.

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that kicks back towards the galleries. Left handers achieve a similar effect with a railroad, which is typically easier to learn than for right handers.

2427: 2194: 1627: 649: 1596: 3892: 1237:, the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis, a court game, was largely abandoned. Real tennis played a role in the history of the 1115:

are played as best of nine sets, played across two days with four or five sets on the first day, and from zero to four sets on the second day. The

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is a series of games counted up to a predetermined number, usually 6. The sets are counted in the ordinary manner (ie. 1, 2, 3 etc). There are no

857:, where players alternately serve and receive entire games, in real tennis players must win the right to serve. To do so, the receiver must lay a 3470:

Dublin (St Stephens Green); ongoing discussions with local government and building owners; the Irish RT Association remains cautiously optimistic

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that extends around the top of the playing area. Often, the out of court area is not plastered like the playing area. Notable exceptions include

5021: 3354:: Private member-owned country club. Its many sports facilities include court tennis. The court building was constructed between 1890 and 1900. 1205:

was written during his reign, in 1555, by an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salo. Two French kings died from tennis-related episodes –

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walls down to floor level, though many more have recently installed glass walls higher up to increase viewing capacity without impacting play.

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contains a mixture of real tennis history, memoir and fiction, which focuses on what can be learned from real tennis about the art of living.

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was watching a game of real tennis when she was arrested and it is believed that Henry was playing tennis when news was brought to him of her

5317: 3403: 2847: 1306:, which soon became the more popular sport, and was also played by both genders (whereas real tennis players were almost exclusively male). 691:, openings in the walls high above what would be the dedans. The court is the only existing, playable court in the world to not have a roof. 4840: 4561: 1302:

In Victorian England, real tennis had a revival, but broad public interest later shifted to the new and much less difficult outdoor game of

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Served from the back of the court near the service wall, the African hunting dog is played overhead with a left-to-right spin, similar to a

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Web-streaming is proving a helpful innovation, and realtennis.tv broadcast its first tournament, the European Open, from 8–9 March 2011.

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measuring distance from the back of the court on the service side and the service line on the hazard side towards the net. Courts in the

4399: 3333:, McLean, VA: The newest court in the United States, replacing the court opened in 1997, is now integrated within Westwood Country Club. 4140: 3254: 2258: 2136: 2121:

World Masters, singles, doubles and team competitions for age categories from 50 to 80+ years held every second year on annual rotation

2050: 1558: 4155:"T&RA - Own a Piece of Real Tennis History: Vintage Dunlop Balls for Sale to Support the Seacourt Silver Racquet 50th Anniversary" 3173:, Oxford, built 1798, on the site of courts dating back to c.1595. The smallest court in England and the second oldest: 1 court in use 1075:

match only concluding if a timer has expired. If the match is to be played across more than one set, the set is only ever to 6 games.

2573: 2502: 2490: 211: 115: 3327:, NY: New York City's famously exclusive tennis club, contains two real tennis courts, as well as a Racquets court, built in 1918. 3778: 3330: 2778: 1296: 439: 2053:. The United States first participated in 1923, and Australia in 1969. The event is held every two years, rotating in the order 1638:

holds the record for most Open titles won, winning 42 titles including 6 grand slams in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2019.

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The Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of S. Michael, Coventry, together with drawings of all the arms found therein

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Final Eliminator and Final Challenge are played as best of thirteen sets, played across three days, with rest days inbetween.

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Leamington Spa Tennis Court Club, built in 1846, it is the oldest purpose built real tennis club in the world: 1 court in use

3038: 2306: 2074: 1190:. Queen Elizabeth I was a keen spectator of the game. During the reign of James I (1603–25), there were 14 courts in London. 2668: 2585: 5306: 4222: 3542: 2656: 1529:

in 1985, being held every second year since. The host venue rotates between the four tennis playing countries in the order

5144: 664:, with the ridge line along the length of the court. As such, each court has local rules as to whether balls hit over the 4068: 2124:

Leamington Open, singles and doubles handicapped competitions credited with the development of the modern handicap system

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and has been held every second year since. The host venue rotates between the four tennis playing countries in the order

1468: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1337: 1156:, in that it involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. This game may have been played by monks in 1116: 1112: 1108: 1100: 337:. Corresponding chase lines extend from the centres of the side galleries on both service and hazard ends, including the 271:

resulting in stronger, sturdier rackets which last longer and have changed the game to be faster and more hard hitting.

126: 4950: 3757: 3150: 2386: 1711: 3616:(1994)), and was himself an accomplished player of the game, winning the World Amateur Over-60s Championship in 1986. 2089:

players, each tennis playing country hosts an annual amateur championship, with other elite tournaments including the

2033:

Jesmond Dene Cup, the Seacourt Silver Racquet (handicapped), the IRTPA National League and the USCTA National League.

712:

rules, balls which land between the fault line and the main wall are not considered a fault, and are instead called a

4115: 3742: 3268: 3088: 3010: 2987: 2914: 2698: 2516: 2455: 1850: 1810: 1607:

holds the record for most Open titles won, having won 50 singles title including grand slams in 2000, 2001 and 2008.

1201:(1547–59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. The first known book about tennis, 672: 522:

is a long opening, divided up into smaller openings by wooden or metal posts. The central such opening, known as the

407: 130: 4618: 3724: 1272:

During the 18th century and early 19th century, as real tennis declined, two new racquet sports emerged in England:

925:

that win the point automatically for the player on the opposite side of the net if the ball lands there. These are:

3809: 5177: 1095:

stage (often as the qualification to a knock-out stage) matches are usually played to one set. Minor tournaments,

609:

lines on the service end are a different colour to the remainder of the lines to make them easier to identify. At

2969: 2022: 1245:, a pledge signed by French deputies in a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the 502:

in the wall, which have various mechanics in the gameplay and allow spectators to view the game. Underneath the

5312: 4436: 3720: 3248: 3060: 2835: 1897: 1408: 1402: 980:

end will wait for the other player to come around the net, and place a ball on their racket for them to serve.

302:

rackets which are not currently permitted by the rules of the game, but are being trialled at the club level.

4974: 3858: 3769:. One of the film's plot points turns on Freud playing a grudge match with a Prussian nobleman (in lieu of a 3387: 3289: 2274: 4272: 569:. Often, the service court is painted a different colour to the rest of the floor. A series of lines called 202:

professional at each club. They are not available for purchase by the general public. Balls are stored in a

3716: 3636:. It features the recurring lead character of Jude learning many details about the sport from aficionados. 3028: 2762: 2178: 1741: 944:

from the back of the court. At lower standards of play, players may also attempt to hit the dedans using a

119: 5337:

Historic Real Tennis Court in the Casino Building on the campus of Georgian Court University, Lakewood, NJ

5054: 3001: 870: 788:

Also similar to the high serve, except served from close to the service penthouse at about second gallery.

235:, which discourages a large swing in a shot and emphasises accuracy. Rackets are made of a combination of 4244: 3864: 3660: 3486: 3094: 2944: 2647: 2468: 2102: 1770: 1702: 1526: 1325:

in 1890, and later at athletic clubs in several other cities. Real tennis greatly influenced the game of

1084: 906: 17: 3521: 1013: 5333:, 1 March 1937, pp. 28–31. (Text and pictures of the court at Manhattan's Racquet and Tennis Club) 3221:, West Sussex: The first court was built in 1588, and the current one was built in 1872: 1 court in use 3170: 2599: 2476: 1373: 1063: 565:

approximately 7 yards (6.4 m) from the back wall, and a line parallel to the main wall called the

415: 5031: 4746: 3467:, Ireland: On the privately owned Lambay Island (approx 5 km off the coast near Dublin, Ireland). 747:

momentum as possible. Often served as a second serve, it is often the first serve learnt by beginners.

4509: 3937: 3908: 3383: 3306: 2746: 1464: 353:. Gallery posts and the net post are marked with circles. Shaded areas are the winning openings, the 4782: 3844:

Many top national and international tournaments can be seen live or on replay via YouTube channels.

3380:: real tennis court was restored and re-opened in 2012 to complement the racquets and squash courts. 2978: 5372: 4474: 4374: 4073: 4037: 4028:

Charlotte Cornwallis: four-time Women's World Champion and four-time Women's doubles World Champion

3705: 2564: 2443: 1971: 1600: 1574: 1436: 1416: 1225:

The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and the

1104: 1096: 827: 803: 733: 4797:"Real Life Begins Around 1740: Delving Into The Previously Untold Story Of Tennis Champion Clergé" 4725:"Played in London:A directory of historic sporting assets in London, 14.16 Hammersmith and Fulham" 4049:

Tara Lumley: current Women's doubles world champion (with Claire Vigrass Fahey), daughter of Penny

3673:, is interstitched throughout with descriptions of a real tennis match between the Italian artist 1040:

In handicap matches, players may require different numbers of points to win a game. A player with

5121: 3932: 3822: 3709: 3498: 3480: 3426: 3377: 3324: 3317: 3156: 3112: 3087:, Scotland: The oldest court in the world for real tennis, opened in 1539, currently home of the 2960: 2893: 2794: 2714: 2682: 2094: 1778: 1765: 1756: 1706: 1519: 1178:(reigned 1509–47) who made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at 645: 3861:, notably played on 50 courts around the world in 2018 to support the Duke of Edinburgh's Award. 3489:, Victoria: Founded in 1882, it is one of only five clubs in the world with more than one court. 1214: 1194: 5387: 3153:, founded in 1874, while the current club on Blackfriars Road was built in 1880: 1 court in use 1210: 687:, a piece of wood on what would be the dedans wall adjacent to the service penthouse, and four 52: 5003:

de Bondt, C (1993) Heeft yemant lust met bal, of met reket te spelen...? Hilversum: Verloren,

4928: 1329:, which was invented in the 19th century and combined aspects of real tennis, lawn tennis and 5327: 5116:

Richard Goldstein, Alastair Martin, 94, Court Tennis Star and Modern Tennis Executive, Dies,

3915: 3798: 3362: 3224: 3016: 2730: 2338: 2116: 1814: 1175: 998: 976: 610: 435: 431: 1182:

on a court he had built in 1530 and on several other courts in his palaces. His second wife

936:. Forces may be hit either directly down the court or off the main wall, the latter being a 95:, the ancestor of modern handball and racquet games). Many French real tennis courts are at 5367: 4043: 4031: 4019:

Margot of Hainault: 15th century female player noted as one of the best players of her era

3903: 3678: 3516:

Tennis is mentioned in literature from the 16th century onwards. It is frequently shown in

3336: 3176: 3098: 2532: 2447: 1475: 1361: 1348:

A forgotten master of designing, building and restoring real tennis courts was the British

1218: 4534: 4107: 4101: 3247:. Opened in 2008, a court situated in one of the three remaining boys-only, boarding-only 2993: 1187: 768:

towards the grille, making it more difficult to hit to the right hander's forehand corner.

51: – one of several games sometimes called "the sport of kings" – is the original 8: 5382: 4906: 4179: 4052: 3966: 3532: 3272: 3238: 3133: 2548: 2451: 1353: 1021:. After a game has reached deuce, the player with one more point than their opponent has 275: 232: 41: 3429:, France: the largest real tennis court in the world, and one of the few publicly owned. 3296:. Opened in 2016, the court is situated on the Wellington College estate: 1 court in use 617:, the floor is painted in alternating green and blue colours in lieu of chase lines. In 5026: 3921: 3876: 3873:: American champion from 1901 to 1905, Crane's career coincided with that of Jay Gould. 3366: 3212: 3202: 3141: 2631: 2472: 2402: 1554: 1424: 1369: 1314: 1253: 1198: 657: 633: 114:

tennis (even though, at present, the latter sport is seldom contested on lawns outside

5152: 5004: 4703: 4590: 4432: 4111: 4078: 3944: 3358: 3343:: Located in the 'Newport Casino" now known as the International Tennis Hall of Fame. 3160: 2826: 1242: 1238: 1226: 1206: 1153: 1067: 4862: 418:

to 29.6 by 9.6 metres (97 ft × 31 ft) and can be constructed of dyed

4669: 4097: 4022: 4002: 3950: 3926: 3391: 3310: 2108: 1750: 1092: 1044:

starts a game requiring less than four points to win the game, while a player with

665: 660:

do not feature windows at all, and are lit entirely artificially. Most courts have

260: 244: 5244: 4323: 1213:

after striking his head on the lintel of a door leading to the court in the royal

1103:

are played as best of three sets. Major tournaments, leading amateur tournaments,

3996: 3960: 3955: 3762: 3645: 3546: 3351: 3191: 3080: 2983: 2418: 2046: 2013: 1330: 1273: 941: 378: 169: 4452: 5225: 4785:

Note: The death date listed for Joseph Bickley in the dictionary is inaccurate.

4764: 3987: 3670: 3623: 3537: 3370: 3279: 3244: 3218: 3108: 3064: 3046: 2615: 2480: 2290: 2242: 2210: 2054: 2008: 2003: 1966: 1961: 1928: 1923: 1845: 1840: 1615: 1608: 1588: 1538: 1511: 1479: 1460: 1427:, who held the title for 24 years between 1928 and 1954 winning 8 challenges. 1377: 1277: 653: 629: 574: 283: 173: 1459:, winning the title a record 13 times. The current World Champion is American 5361: 5269: 5156: 3972: 3766: 3656: 3464: 2112: 2086: 2070: 2066: 1805: 1800: 1782: 1736: 1731: 1592: 1542: 1503: 1491: 1385: 1322: 1179: 578: 366: 168:-inch (64 mm) diameter balls are handmade and consist of a core made of 5322: 4884: 4608:"Factsheet – Real Tennis and The Royal Tennis Court at Hampton Court Palace" 141: 30: 5296: 5082: 4348: 4297: 3888: 3882: 3870: 3818: 3587: 3309:: Founded in 1889, current location constructed in 1907 by noted architect 3195: 3129: 2101:

Boomerang Cup, a handicap team doubles event held every second year at the

1635: 1623: 1619: 1604: 1550: 1546: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1444: 1432: 1365: 1141: 945: 443: 287: 198: 194:

ounces (71 grams); lawn tennis balls typically weigh 2 ounces (57 g).

91: 86: 34: 4673: 1174:

Royal interest in England began with Henry V (reigned 1413–22) but it was

940:. Such shots typically result in the serving player deploying a defensive 683:

lacks a tambour, a dedans and a dedans penthouse. Instead, it features an

4488: 3982: 3898: 3814: 3651: 3633: 3517: 3483:, Tasmania: Founded in 1875 and the oldest real tennis club in Australia. 3347: 3340: 3140:

Dene park, and was built in 1894 for Sir Andrew Noble, the then-owner of

3102: 2461: 2090: 1746: 1562: 1349: 1183: 1034: 1009: 854: 831: 737: 705: 295: 4058:

Sarah Vigrass: Two-time World Doubles Champion (with her sister, Claire)

3501:, New South Wales: a new court is planned at Cheltenham Recreation Club. 3406:: Opened in 2024, located at Sand Valley Golf Resort in Rome, Wisconsin. 1611:

became the third player to win a grand slam in 2017 and again in 2019.

1167:, with the Papal Legate reporting in 1596 that there were 250 courts in 636:

above the main and service walls. Typically, these areas are considered

597:

respectively. Subsequent lines correspond to the gallery openings up to

5185: 4818: 3826: 3803: 3790: 3674: 3596: 3293: 1246: 1230: 661: 313:

An example layout of a tennis court. A valid serve must occur from the

4722: 4197: 309: 286:. Companies that have previously produced real tennis rackets include 3397: 3283: 3262: 3251:(independent secondary schools) in the United Kingdom: 1 court in use 3070: 3042: 2058: 1697: 1692: 1580: 1530: 1483: 1357: 1160: 1157: 910: 582: 470:

Counting clockwise from the main wall, the penthouses are called the

423: 291: 279: 264: 215: 72: 4040:: Two-time Women's World Champion and Women's doubles World Champion 3694: 3560:

includes a poem by William Lathum comparing life to a tennis-court:

1412: 1326: 5301: 3438: 3258: 3119: 1903: 1381: 1234: 1111:

are played as best of five sets. Matches in the first round of the

625:, numbering up to 14 on the service side and 4 on the hazard side. 419: 399: 299: 236: 107: 1283: 4783:

http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=204796

3525: 3320:, Boston, MA: One of the oldest courts in the US, opened in 1902. 3228: 3206: 3137: 3074: 3052: 3032: 463: 294:

and Gold Leaf Athletics. The introduction of graphite rackets in

240: 227: 207: 68: 3655:, up-timers Heather Mason and Judy Wendell learn the sport from 3599:(1824) describes a tennis match that degenerates into violence. 2494:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in the United Kingdom

962:

gallery, conceding a hazard chase and losing the right to serve.

861:, though a server can also lose the right to server by laying a 648:, where the wall between the windows is considered in play, and 550:

and contains a bell which rings when a ball enters the opening.

365:. None of these, nor the posts, would be visible with an actual 5336: 5297:

Article "Tennis" in the 1797 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica

3184: 3180: 3164: 3144:

as a private court. It is now a listed building. 1 court in use

3123: 3056: 2839:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in the United States

2436: 2062: 2017: 1975: 1883: 1878: 1760: 1584: 1534: 1487: 1318: 1310: 1303: 1288: 1164: 1149: 1127: 1087:

is a sequence of sets. A match is determined through a best of

709: 618: 252: 248: 203: 82: 56: 3782:

includes a sequence featuring a few points being played. Also

3416:

Charleston, South Carolina: as part of the Daniel Island Club.

3369:

political leader, financier and a key figure in the prominent

3895:. During that period, he never lost even a set to an amateur. 3620:

The First Beautiful Game: Stories of Obsession in Real Tennis

3432: 3232: 2097:. The largest mass participation real tennis events include: 1892: 1168: 1145: 614: 427: 268: 256: 106:

was first used by journalists in the early 20th century as a

5328:"It Takes a $ 100,000 Court like This to Play Court Tennis," 3015:

There are 45 playable real tennis courts in the world, with

2577:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in Greater London

2107:

Tournoi Trois Tripot, a handicap team doubles event held at

1603:

in 1984, following the creation of the French Open in 1981.

1474:

A World Doubles championship was first contested in 2001 at

1135:

The term "tennis" is thought to derive from the French word

1012:, the latter having inherited the system from the former. A 214:

prior to play to reduce time spent fetching balls. As such,

59:(also called "lawn tennis") is derived. It is also known as 3770: 3084: 2997:

The Spectators' Gallery facing the court at Falkland Palace

586: 177: 5341: 2069:. The first women's Bathurst Cup was held in 2022 between 4841:"Experience: I'm a 13-time world champion at real tennis" 4562:"Experience: I'm a 13-time world champion at real tennis" 4141:"Prince Edward to play real tennis during Ballarat visit" 4025:: Dutch Women's Champion and two time Open singles winner 3929:, multiple-time American champion. He retired undefeated. 3592:

The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner

3535:

mentions the game in Act I – Scene II of

2986:

in Scotland, housing the world's oldest tennis court and

2660:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in Oxfordshire

4223:"T&RA Guidance on Non-Wooden Racquets and Handicaps" 5206:

Allison Danzig, The Racquet Game (MacMillan 1930) p. 54

2973:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in Australia

3940:

World Championship Challenger 2023, 3 time Open Winner

3807:(2007) portrays Henry VIII playing the game. The film 3067:

and also now houses four squash courts: 1 court in use

1295:

There is documented history of courts existing in the

5378:

Sport in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham

5313:

Photos of real tennis court in Jesmond, from BBC Tyne

5077: 5075: 4986: 4909:. International Real Tennis Professionals Association 4887:. International Real Tennis Professionals Association 4865:. International Real Tennis Professionals Association 4375:"Tennis and Rackets Association - The Laws of Tennis" 1317:(1875) and in the United States, starting in 1876 in 1233:, as it was heavily associated with gambling. By the 628:

As many courts were built before the introduction of

89:, and in reference to the older, racquetless game of 2906:

Locations of the active real tennis courts in France

1634:

became the first woman to win a grand slam in 2006.

896:

Two chases (including hazard chases) have been laid.

795:

long will spin off the back wall towards the tambour

1648:

International Real Tennis Professionals Association

1447:, who held the title for 26 years between 1994 and 1441:

International Real Tennis Professionals Association

449:Three walls feature sloping wooden roofs, known as 426:. The surrounding walls are usually constructed of 5072: 4453:"CORTStats: Compilation of Real Tennis Statistics" 4180:"MAKING A REAL TENNIS BALL - Real Tenis Cambridge" 3529:into a fatal game of real tennis, or "racchetta." 2039: 1889:Société Sportive du Jeu de Paume & de Racquets 1641: 1171:alone, near the peak of its popularity in France. 1008:The scoring system of real tennis mirrors that of 561:is marked on the hazard side by a line called the 4951:"Van Alen, Morris Clothier, George Limb Trophies" 3454:Chinon: the total restoration of a disused court. 1343: 274:Most of the rackets in the world are produced by 5359: 1561:, with Fahey winning the singles, and Fahey and 1525:The Ladies World Championship was first held in 1299:from the 17th century, though none exist today. 390:There are two basic designs in existence today: 5142: 4723:Played in Britain for English Heritage (2014). 4697: 4273:"Court Plan | Tennis & Rackets Association" 4009:later took over the Philadelphia court instead. 3832: 3005:Inside the Spectators' Gallery, Falkland Palace 542:, though at the end of the court closet to the 434:and are plastered smooth. Some courts, notably 5323:An interactive map of all 50+ courts worldwide 3879:: World Champion, 1928–1953, d. 24 March 1980. 3549:makes a similar reference to the event in his 806:that the serve is not used in high level play. 226:The 27-inch (690 mm) short, asymmetrical 4489:"An introduction to the rules of Real Tennis" 3373:. The court building was constructed in 1902. 3136:: The court is situated on Matthew Bank near 1380:. There are also examples of his projects in 1340:of any sport in the world, dating from 1740. 2347: 554:for collecting balls at the change of ends. 110:to distinguish the ancient game from modern 4661: 3723:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3580:Some with a cutting stroke they nimbly sent 3572:All manner chance are Rackets, wherewithall 3564:If in my weak conceit, (for selfe disport), 3300: 1646:The world rankings are administered by the 1553:. The most recent championship was held at 4535:"IRTPA - Venues for 1st Round Eliminators" 3993:Chris Ronaldson: World Champion, 1981–1987 3663:is depicted as an aficionado of the game. 3576:Some over Lyne, to honour and great place, 3568:Where fate and fortune daily meet to play, 3255:Royal County of Berkshire Real Tennis Club 2509: 2187: 1407:The pinnacle of the sport is the biennial 4426: 3999:: Current British and US Amateur Champion 3743:Learn how and when to remove this message 3684: 3570:I doe conceive, I doe not much misse-say. 1336:Real tennis also has the longest running 1267:Time's arm for shame grew tyred at last. 1107:and matches up to the semi-finals of the 129:. The sport is supported and governed by 5145:"The courtliest tennis game of them all" 4794: 4617:. Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from 4096: 4055:, current Women's World Ranking number 2 3578:Some under Lyne, to infame and disgrace; 3201:Newmarket and Suffolk Real Tennis Club, 3000: 2992: 2977: 1282: 1126: 775:when bouncing off the service penthouse. 546:the final opening is instead called the 377: 308: 140: 29: 5239: 5237: 5235: 4975:Jesmond Dene Real Tennis Club – History 3582:Into the hazard placed at the end; ... 3445: 27:Racquet sport played in a walled court. 14: 5360: 4655: 3507:, Romsey, Victoria (currently closed). 2739: 2411: 1411:. The first champion is known only as 1396: 865:. There are four ways to lay a chase: 131:various organizations around the world 5110: 4559: 3566:The world I sample to a Tennis-court, 3177:Middlesex University Real Tennis Club 3039:Cambridge University Real Tennis Club 2886: 2080: 498:. Beneath the penthouses are various 5232: 4863:"World Doubles Championship Updated" 3755:Real tennis is featured in the film 3721:adding citations to reliable sources 3688: 2755: 2395: 1261:Here lyes an old toss'd Tennis Ball: 1256:, written circa 1705 read, in part: 1209:of a severe chill after playing and 1025:. The score is typically called as " 4747:"Heritage Explorer – Result Detail" 4069:List of real tennis world champions 3990:: 2016, 2022-present World Champion 3574:They bandie men, from wall to wall; 3190:Moreton Morrell Tennis Court Club, 2803: 2541: 2157: 1579:All four tennis-playing countries ( 1265:With so much heat and so much hast, 1263:Was racketted, from spring to fall, 1091:sets system. In tournaments with a 255:have now entirely been replaced by 116:the few social-club-managed estates 24: 4781:Dictionary of Scottish Architects 4106:. New York: Random House. p. 3847: 3019:, and six further disused courts. 2771: 2557: 2379: 2363: 2267: 1549:and 7-time and incumbent champion 844:floor on the opposing side first. 44:, England, view toward service end 25: 5399: 5290: 5059:International Tennis Hall of Fame 5030:. 8 December 1964. Archived from 4907:"Tournaments with ranking points" 4702:. London: Routledge. p. 83. 4652:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 21 4643:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 17 4634:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 18 4477:. Tennis and Rackets Association. 4407:Moreton Morrell Tennis Court Club 3269:Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court 3089:Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club 3022: 3011:List of real tennis organizations 2988:Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club 2937: 2525: 2315: 2299: 1851:Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court 1811:International Tennis Hall of Fame 1568: 1463:, who defended his title against 1309:Real tennis courts were built in 694: 218:are not required in real tennis. 5143:Robert W. Stock (6 March 1983). 4956:. Tennis and Rackets Association 4931:. Tennis and Rackets Association 4700:Plastering: Plain and Decorative 4225:. Tennis and Rackets Association 4034:: current Women's World Champion 3867:, three time Open singles winner 3693: 3511: 3307:The Racquet Club of Philadelphia 2952: 2936: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2885: 2869: 2854: 2853: 2846: 2818: 2802: 2786: 2770: 2754: 2738: 2722: 2707: 2706: 2690: 2674: 2667: 2640: 2639: 2623: 2607: 2591: 2584: 2556: 2540: 2524: 2508: 2501: 2426: 2410: 2394: 2378: 2362: 2346: 2330: 2314: 2298: 2283: 2282: 2266: 2251: 2250: 2235: 2234: 2219: 2218: 2202: 2186: 2170: 2156: 2142: 2135: 2002: 1960: 1922: 1877: 1839: 1799: 1730: 1691: 893:The score reaches game point, or 5262: 5218: 5209: 5200: 5170: 5136: 5127: 5101: 5047: 5038: 5022:"Joshua Crane, sportsman, dies" 5014: 4997: 4979: 4968: 4943: 4921: 4899: 4877: 4855: 4833: 4811: 4788: 4775: 4757: 4739: 4716: 4691: 4679: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4600: 4579: 4553: 4527: 4502: 4481: 4475:"T&RA - The Laws of Tennis" 4467: 4445: 4420: 4392: 4367: 4341: 4316: 4290: 2787: 2691: 2624: 2331: 2203: 2171: 2040:International team competitions 1941:Ad hoc rotation between clubs. 1824:Also known as the Schochet Cup 1642:Other professional competitions 1599:became the first play to win a 1391: 1203:Trattato del Giuoco della Palla 585:mark the distance in intervals 5274:Ladies Real Tennis Association 5249:Ladies Real Tennis Association 4589:, New York, The Viking Press, 4379:Tennis and Rackets Association 4265: 4237: 4215: 4190: 4172: 4159:Tennis and Rackets Association 4147: 4133: 4124: 4090: 3969:, multiple Open Doubles winner 3761:, a fictional meeting between 3505:Cope-Williams Real Tennis Club 2982:Real Tennis Court building at 2953: 2723: 2675: 2608: 2592: 2143: 1506:. The incumbent champions are 1403:Real Tennis World Championship 1344:Victorian court master-builder 1222:Forbet and published in 1599. 394:which is an older design, and 127:two in the Republic of Ireland 55:from which the modern game of 13: 1: 4987:"Radley College Tennis Court" 4929:"Bathurst Cup 2022 Programme" 4084: 3859:Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 3813:features a short sequence of 3779:The French Lieutenant's Woman 3622:(2006) by top amateur player 3388:Lakewood Township, New Jersey 3091: : 1 quarré court in use 2870: 2819: 1777:Rotation previously included 1775:Event rotates between clubs. 1254:St Michael's Church, Coventry 1229:, but suffered under English 640:, and are demarcated with an 490:, and the side featuring the 406:variety, except the court at 386:court, view toward hazard end 5342:Official site of the French 4429:Tennis: A Cut Above The Rest 4400:"The laws of tennis - MMTCC" 4324:"USCTA - The Laws of Tennis" 3833:Televised / streamed matches 3543:the Dauphin, a French Prince 3474: 3029:Bristol and Bath Tennis Club 2456:Royal Tennis Court 2128: 2073:and a team representing the 1742:Racquet Club of Philadelphia 621:, the lines are measured in 136: 7: 4991:Radley College Tennis Court 4751:www.heritage-explorer.co.uk 4560:Fahey, Rob (3 April 2020). 4510:"The Champions Trophy 2022" 4349:"IRTPA - Real Tennis Rules" 4298:"IRTPA - Real Tennis Rules" 4062: 3758:The Seven-Per-Cent Solution 3661:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden 3487:Royal Melbourne Tennis Club 2103:Royal Melbourne Tennis Club 1703:Royal Melbourne Tennis Club 1117:Singles World Championships 1113:Singles World Championships 1109:Doubles World Championships 916: 716:, with the serve replayed. 263:to be tighter. Rackets are 10: 5404: 4885:"New World Ranking System" 4587:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 4431:. Ronaldson Publications. 4198:"RT42 - Balls and Rackets" 3558:Penguin book of Sick Verse 3458: 3171:Merton Street tennis court 3109:Hatfield House Tennis Club 3008: 1572: 1400: 1374:Moreton Hall, Warwickshire 1122: 1101:Ladies World Championships 1033:"" as appropriate. Unlike 996: 992: 921:There are three so-called 838: 699: 422:or, in some older courts, 221: 4427:Ronaldson, Chris (1985). 4245:"RT42 - Court Dimensions" 3810:The Man Who Knew Infinity 3551:The bataille of Agincourt 3420: 3384:Georgian Court University 2051:Lilias, Countess Bathurst 1985:Not contested since 2015 1943:Not contested since 2019 983: 847: 482:. The side featuring the 373: 4698:Millar, William (2016). 4455:. Winning Gallery Tennis 4130:The Macquarie Dictionary 4074:Grand Slam (real tennis) 4013: 3522:Guillaume de La Perrière 3301:United States of America 3225:Prested Hall Racket Club 1902:also previously held in 1789:US Professional Singles 1575:Grand Slam (real tennis) 1078: 732:service is similar to a 149: 85:(to distinguish it from 5302:The Real Tennis Society 3829:) playing real tennis. 3823:John Edensor Littlewood 3632:(2013) is a mystery by 3630:The Corpse on the Court 3499:Sydney Real Tennis Club 3481:Hobart Real Tennis Club 3427:Palace of Fontainebleau 3378:Racquet Club of Chicago 3325:Racquet and Tennis Club 3318:Tennis and Racquet Club 3157:Marylebone Cricket Club 3113:Hatfield, Hertfordshire 1779:Racquet and Tennis Club 1766:Racquet Club of Chicago 1757:Tennis and Racquet Club 1707:Hobart Real Tennis Club 1516:2024 World Championship 1097:Ladies Open tournaments 1003: 966: 668:are in or out of play. 325:before dropping in the 267:, with improvements in 5307:Real tennis in Jesmond 3977:Muscle, Brain and Diet 3852: 3685:In film and television 3643:by Ivor P. Cooper, in 3278:Seacourt Tennis Club, 3017:28 of these in Britain 3006: 2998: 2990: 1292: 1270: 1132: 1057: 675:is the last remaining 632:, most courts feature 457:. Protruding from the 387: 370: 146: 63:in the United States, 45: 5309:, article at BBC Tyne 5245:"Current Top Players" 4769:realtennissociety.org 4624:on 24 September 2015. 3916:Henry VIII of England 3677:and the Spanish poet 3553:, published in 1627. 3365:, founded in 1898 by 3363:Aiken, South Carolina 3004: 2996: 2981: 2117:French Basque Country 1972:Lord's Cricket Ground 1860:First contested 2017 1815:Newport, Rhode Island 1565:winning the doubles. 1287:Real Tennis house at 1286: 1258: 1130: 999:Tennis scoring system 869:The receiver hits a ' 804:gentlemen's agreement 494:is also known as the 486:is also known as the 381: 312: 144: 33: 5188:on 25 September 2017 5120:, January 20, 2010, 5083:"Historical Results" 5055:"Pierre Etchebaster" 4819:"World Championship" 4662:John Astley (1885), 4277:tennisandrackets.com 4044:Penny Fellows Lumley 4032:Claire Vigrass Fahey 3911:, French Open winner 3904:John Moyer Heathcote 3785:The Three Musketeers 3717:improve this section 3602:The detective story 3493:Ballarat Tennis Club 3446:Restoration projects 3337:National Tennis Club 3099:Whitchurch-on-Thames 3071:The Fairlawne Estate 2970:class=notpageimage| 2903:class=notpageimage| 2836:class=notpageimage| 2657:class=notpageimage| 2574:class=notpageimage| 2491:class=notpageimage| 2355:Moreton Morrell 1632:Charlotte Cornwallis 1476:Middlesex University 1435:won two consecutive 1362:Hampton Court Palace 771:High serve/Chandelle 679:design which unlike 5318:A History of Tennis 5034:on 11 January 2018. 4795:Louis Harris, Ian. 4688:Section 4.19 p. 66 4103:The World of Tennis 4053:Lea van der Zwalmen 3967:Ben Taylor-Matthews 3669:(2013), a novel by 3533:William Shakespeare 3520:, such as those of 3273:British Summer Time 3151:The Manchester Club 3077:: 1 court (private) 2091:Tuxedo Gold Racquet 1911:IRTPA Championships 1618:, exceptions being 1397:World Championships 1131:Jeu de paume, Paris 823:African hunting dog 42:Newcastle upon Tyne 5149:The New York Times 5133:Danzig. pp. 56–57. 5027:The New York Times 4799:. Ian Louis Harris 4771:. 12 October 2013. 4514:Royal Tennis Court 4186:. Cirrus Films UK. 3922:John III of Sweden 3877:Pierre Etchebaster 3411:New court projects 3367:William C. Whitney 3290:Wellington College 3213:The Oratory School 3142:Jesmond Dene House 3118:Hyde Tennis Club, 3007: 2999: 2991: 2517:Royal Tennis Court 2195:Hyde Bridport 2081:Other competitions 1555:The Oratory School 1425:Pierre Etchebaster 1409:World Championship 1338:world championship 1293: 1215:Château at Amboise 1133: 1031:advantage receiver 681:jeu à dedans court 634:clerestory windows 398:. Both are doubly 388: 382:Newmarket-Suffolk 371: 321:line, and hit the 276:Grays of Cambridge 197:Despite trials by 147: 145:Racquets and balls 46: 5226:"jurassic tennis" 5107:Danzig pp. 60–66" 5089:. 4 February 2013 5009:978-90-6550-379-4 4709:978-1-873394-30-4 4595:978-0-670-29408-4 4098:Schickel, Richard 4079:History of tennis 3945:Louis X of France 3753: 3752: 3745: 3614:Tennis and Oxford 3359:Aiken Tennis Club 3275:: 1 court in use 3235:: 2 courts in use 3049:: 2 courts in use 2075:Rest of the World 2030: 2029: 1829:Champions Trophy 1243:Tennis Court Oath 1239:French Revolution 642:out of court line 630:electric lighting 520:service penthouse 476:service penthouse 410:in Scotland. The 323:service penthouse 16:(Redirected from 5395: 5354: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5270:"Past Champions" 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5241: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5184:. Archived from 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5125: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5018: 5012: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4983: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4955: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4792: 4786: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4765:"Court Register" 4761: 4755: 4754: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4404: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4249: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4143:. 28 March 2018. 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4094: 4023:Saskia Bollerman 4003:Richard D. Sears 3951:Alfred Lyttelton 3927:Northrup R. Knox 3748: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3728: 3697: 3689: 3392:George Jay Gould 3311:Horace Trumbauer 3286:: 1 court in use 3265:: 1 court in use 3239:The Queen's Club 3209:: 1 court in use 3198:: 1 court in use 3187:: 1 court in use 3167:: 1 court in use 3126:: 1 court in use 3115:: 1 court in use 3105:: 1 court in use 3035:: 1 court in use 2956: 2955: 2940: 2939: 2924: 2923: 2917: 2889: 2888: 2873: 2872: 2857: 2856: 2850: 2822: 2821: 2806: 2805: 2790: 2789: 2774: 2773: 2758: 2757: 2742: 2741: 2726: 2725: 2710: 2709: 2694: 2693: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2643: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2611: 2610: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2560: 2559: 2544: 2543: 2528: 2527: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2465: 2440: 2430: 2429: 2414: 2413: 2398: 2397: 2382: 2381: 2366: 2365: 2350: 2349: 2334: 2333: 2318: 2317: 2302: 2301: 2286: 2285: 2270: 2269: 2254: 2253: 2238: 2237: 2222: 2221: 2206: 2205: 2190: 2189: 2174: 2173: 2160: 2159: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2095:MCC Gold Racquet 2007: 2006: 1965: 1964: 1927: 1926: 1882: 1881: 1844: 1843: 1804: 1803: 1763: 1753: 1735: 1734: 1696: 1695: 1653: 1652: 1628:Lesley Ronaldson 1354:The Queen's Club 1105:Open tournaments 1027:advantage server 923:winning openings 724:serves include: 544:grille penthouse 512:grille penthouse 504:dedans penthouse 492:grille penthouse 484:dedans penthouse 480:grille penthouse 472:dedans penthouse 329:, marked by the 245:vulcanized fibre 193: 192: 188: 185: 167: 166: 162: 159: 21: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5373:Forms of tennis 5358: 5357: 5352: 5293: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5002: 4998: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4793: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4621: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4585:Max Robertson, 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4541:. December 2017 4533: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4355:. 12 March 2013 4347: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4304:. 12 March 2013 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4065: 4016: 3997:Robert Shenkman 3961:Alastair Martin 3956:Julian Marshall 3855: 3850: 3848:Notable players 3835: 3763:Sherlock Holmes 3749: 3738: 3732: 3729: 3714: 3698: 3687: 3646:Ring of Fire II 3584: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3547:Michael Drayton 3514: 3477: 3461: 3448: 3423: 3352:Tuxedo Park, NY 3303: 3192:Moreton Morrell 3081:Falkland Palace 3025: 3013: 2984:Falkland Palace 2976: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2957: 2949: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2890: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2858: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2759: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2644: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2628: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2596: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2529: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2513: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2319: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2255: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2223: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2131: 2115:courts) in the 2083: 2049:, sponsored by 2042: 2001: 1959: 1942: 1921: 1876: 1838: 1798: 1776: 1764: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1744: 1729: 1705: 1690: 1680:Australian Open 1644: 1597:Chris Ronaldson 1577: 1571: 1451:and again from 1405: 1399: 1394: 1346: 1278:squash racquets 1269: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1235:Age of Napoleon 1227:Habsburg Empire 1125: 1081: 1060: 1006: 1001: 995: 986: 969: 958:Winning gallery 919: 850: 841: 702: 697: 673:Falkland Palace 548:winning gallery 408:Falkland Palace 376: 363:winning gallery 327:receiving court 224: 190: 186: 183: 181: 164: 160: 157: 155: 152: 139: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5401: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5356: 5355: 5339: 5334: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5304: 5299: 5292: 5291:External links 5289: 5287: 5286: 5261: 5231: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5182:Radley College 5169: 5135: 5126: 5122:available here 5118:New York Times 5109: 5100: 5071: 5046: 5037: 5013: 4996: 4978: 4967: 4942: 4920: 4898: 4876: 4854: 4843:. The Guardian 4832: 4810: 4787: 4774: 4756: 4738: 4715: 4708: 4690: 4678: 4668:, p. 21, 4654: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4615:www.hrp.org.uk 4599: 4578: 4552: 4526: 4501: 4480: 4466: 4444: 4437: 4419: 4391: 4366: 4340: 4315: 4289: 4264: 4236: 4214: 4189: 4171: 4146: 4132: 4123: 4116: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4020: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3988:Camden Riviere 3985: 3980: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3933:George Lambert 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3893:E. M. Baerlein 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3834: 3831: 3751: 3750: 3701: 3699: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3671:Alvaro Enrigue 3624:Roman Krznaric 3562: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3468: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3381: 3374: 3371:Whitney family 3355: 3344: 3334: 3331:Prince's Court 3328: 3321: 3314: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3287: 3280:Hayling Island 3276: 3266: 3252: 3249:public schools 3245:Radley College 3242: 3236: 3222: 3219:Petworth House 3216: 3210: 3199: 3188: 3174: 3168: 3161:St John's Wood 3154: 3148: 3145: 3127: 3116: 3106: 3095:Hardwick House 3092: 3078: 3068: 3065:Canford School 3061:Sir Ivor Guest 3050: 3047:Cambridgeshire 3036: 3024: 3023:United Kingdom 3021: 3009:Main article: 2968: 2967: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2926: 2919: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2891: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2875: 2868: 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through the 1124: 1121: 1080: 1077: 1059: 1056: 1042:receiving odds 1005: 1002: 994: 991: 985: 982: 968: 965: 964: 963: 959: 956: 952: 949: 930: 918: 915: 898: 897: 894: 887: 886: 882: 878: 874: 849: 846: 840: 837: 836: 835: 824: 821: 817: 814: 810: 807: 799: 796: 792: 789: 786: 783: 779: 778:High side wall 776: 772: 769: 765: 762: 758: 757:Underarm twist 755: 751: 748: 744: 741: 729: 701: 698: 696: 695:Manner of play 693: 607:second gallery 595:second gallery 575:United Kingdom 536:second gallery 375: 372: 319:second gallery 284:United Kingdom 223: 220: 151: 148: 138: 135: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5400: 5389: 5388:Racket sports 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5221: 5215:Danzig p. 50. 5212: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5178:"Real Tennis" 5173: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5130: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5104: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5044:Danzig p. 58. 5041: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4971: 4952: 4946: 4930: 4924: 4908: 4902: 4886: 4880: 4864: 4858: 4842: 4836: 4820: 4814: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4726: 4719: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4490: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4454: 4448: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4253: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4218: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4142: 4136: 4127: 4119: 4117:0-394-49940-9 4113: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4004: 4001: 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