466:
170:
1446:
223:
1501:, the U.S. housing market saw a significant rise in home prices, driven by a severe supply-demand imbalance. The pandemic disrupted supply chains and slowed housing construction, leading to a shortage of available homes. This shortage, coupled with increased borrowing costs due to the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes, contributed to the soaring prices. Experts note that the current price increases are based on market fundamentals rather than speculative behavior, highlighting the ongoing issue of housing affordability.
1157:
733:
455:
1383:
4340:
613:
1482:
Stricter underwriting standards have limited the pool of potential homebuyers to those who are most qualified and most likely to be able to pay loans back. The demand this time is based more closely on market fundamentals. And the price growth we’ve experienced recently is 'real.' Or 'more real.'" Other recent research indicates that mid-level managers in securitized finance did not exhibit awareness of problems in overall housing markets.
358:
68:
4366:
27:
4353:
689:, a comparison of median home prices to median household income suggests that U.S. housing in 2005 was overvalued by 10%. "However, this estimate is based on an average mortgage rate of about 6%, and we expect rates to rise", the firm's economics team wrote in a recent report. According to Goldman's figures, a one-percentage-point rise in mortgage rates would reduce the fair value of home prices by 8%.
2106:
558:, namely it does not affect the consumption behavior of households not looking to sell. The house price becoming compensation for the higher implicit rent costs for owning. Increasing house prices can have a negative effect on consumption through increased rent inflation and a higher propensity to save given expected rent increase.
642:
expensive houses are relative to what most people can afford, and the debt component measures how indebted households become in buying them for home or profit (and also how much exposure the banks accumulate by lending for them). A basic summary of the progress of housing indicators for U.S. cities is provided by
1290:
By 2006, most areas of the world were thought to be in a bubble state, although this hypothesis, based upon the observation of similar patterns in real estate markets of a wide variety of countries, was subject to controversy. Such patterns include those of overvaluation and, by extension, excessive
816:
Bubbles can be determined when an increase in housing prices is higher than the rise in rents. In the US, rent between 1984 and 2013 has risen steadily at about 3% per year, whereas between 1997 and 2002 housing prices rose 6% per year. Between 2011 and the third quarter of 2013, housing prices rose
1493:
investors and private equity firms purchase single-family homes in hopes of renting them out while waiting for a housing rebound. Due to the policies of QE3, mortgage interest rates have been hovering at an all-time low, causing real estate values to rise. Home prices have risen unnaturally as much
1274:
In France, the economist
Jacques Friggit publishes each year a study called "Evolution of the price, value and number of property sales in France since the 19th century", showing a high price increase since 2001. Yet, the existence of a real estate bubble in France is discussed by economists. Real
770:
is the ratio of mortgage payments to disposable income. When the ratio gets too high, households become increasingly dependent on rising property values to service their debt. A variant of this indicator measures total home ownership costs, including mortgage payments, utilities and property taxes,
2460:"Headlines in the financial press ranged from “Property slowdown fuels China fears” to “China property correction would be painful, but salutary” (Financial Times, 2014e, p. 3). Housing demand has been increasing due to higher incomes, rapid urbanization and China’s rural urban migration strategy"
522:
activities rather than other investments. A land value tax removes financial incentives to hold unused land solely for price appreciation, making more land available for productive uses. At sufficiently high levels, land value tax would cause real estate prices to fall by removing land rents that
717:
measures the ratio of the actual monthly cost of the mortgage to take-home income. It is used more in the United
Kingdom where nearly all mortgages are variable and pegged to bank lending rates. It offers a much more realistic measure of the ability of households to afford housing than the crude
641:
led to or at least accompanied crashes), one can make an educated guess as to whether a given real estate market is experiencing a bubble. Indicators describe two interwoven aspects of housing bubble: a valuation component and a debt (or leverage) component. The valuation component measures how
481:
bubbles are persistent, systematic and increasing deviations of actual prices from their fundamental values. Real estate bubbles can be difficult to identify even as they are occurring, due to the difficulty of discerning the intrinsic value of real estate. As with other medium and long range
1481:
writer Lisa
Sturtevant thinks that her audience will buy articles telling them that the housing market of 2013 was not indicative of a housing bubble. "A critical difference between the current market and the overheated market of the middle of last decade is the nature of the mortgage market.
1034:
fundamentals; one rarely sees an unsustainable "rent bubble" (or "income bubble" for that matter). Therefore a rapid increase of home prices combined with a flat renting market can signal the onset of a bubble. The U.S. price-rent ratio was 18% higher than its long-run average as of
October
727:
measures the ratio of the median house price to the median annual household income. This measure has historically hovered around a value of 3.0 or less, but in recent years has risen dramatically, especially in markets with severe public policy constraints on land and
592:, for instance; or (ii) speculate by buying property with borrowed money in the expectation that it will rise in value. When the bubble bursts, the value of the property decreases but not the level of debt. The burden of repaying or defaulting on the loan depresses
1108:
1016:
305:
such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then declines. This period, during the run-up to the crash, is also known as froth. The questions of whether real estate bubbles can be identified and prevented, and whether they have broader
581:. These are then argued to cause financial and hence economic crises. This is first argued empirically – numerous real estate bubbles have been followed by economic slumps, and it is argued that there is a cause-effect relationship between these.
938:
718:
price to income ratio. However it is more difficult to calculate, and hence the price-to-income ratio is still more commonly used by pundits. In recent years, lending practices have relaxed, allowing greater multiples of income to be borrowed.
1121:
Because rents are received throughout the year rather than at its end, both the gross and net rental yields calculated by the above are somewhat less than the true rental yields obtained when taking into account the monthly nature of rental
625:, 2d ed. Shiller shows that inflation adjusted U.S. home prices increased 0.4% per year from 1890–2004, and 0.7% per year from 1940–2004, whereas U.S. census data from 1940–2004 shows that the self-assessed value increased 2% per year.
1030:; in other terms it measures how much the buyer is paying for each dollar of received rent income (or dollar saved from rent spending). Rents, just like corporate and personal incomes, are generally tied very closely to
840:(which must eventually rise again as the economy heats up) or that home loans are awarded more liberally, to borrowers with poor credit. Therefore, a high ownership ratio combined with an increased rate of
2533:
2866:
605:
511:
can be used to identify real estate bubbles. Some argue further that governments and central banks can and should take action to prevent bubbles from forming, or to deflate existing bubbles.
1053:
500:
of the Case–Shiller Home Price Index of home prices in 20 metro cities across the United States indicated on May 31, 2011 that a "Home Price Double Dip
Confirmed" and British magazine
704:; if the down payment becomes too high then those buyers may find themselves "priced out" of the market. For example, as of 2004 this ratio was equal to one year of income in the UK.
970:
1118:
deducts the landlord's expenses (and sometimes estimated rental voids) from the gross rent before doing the above calculation; this is the reciprocal of the house P/E ratio.
1147:
brought about by speculative construction and purchase. In this context, supply-and-demand numbers can be misleading: sales demand exceeds supply, but rent demand does not.
888:
710:
calls the "housing affordability index" in its publications. (The soundness of the NAR's methodology was questioned by some analysts as it does not account for inflation.).
1135:) is the number of occupied housing units divided by the total number of units in a given region (in commercial real estate, usually expressed in terms of area (i.e. in
637:
that can be used to evaluate whether homes in a given area are fairly valued. By comparing current levels to previous levels that have proven unsustainable in the past (
588:
takes a demand-side view, arguing that property owners not only feel richer but borrow to (i) consume against the increased value of their property – by taking out a
1654:
1287:. As a result, banks have become less willing to hold large amounts of property-backed debt, likely a key issue affecting the worldwide recovery in the short term.
1279:) that can result in many owners holding mortgages that exceed the value of their homes. 11.1 million residential properties, or 23.1% of all U.S. homes, were in
1489:
believes that a second housing bubble was started in 2012 and still inflating as of
February 2013. Housing inventory began to dwindle starting in early 2012 as
948:
provides a direct comparison with P/E ratios utilised to analyze other uses of the money tied up in a home. Compare this ratio to the simpler but less accurate
1265:
said in mid-2005 that "at a minimum, there's a little 'froth' (in the U.S. housing market) … it's hard not to see that there are a lot of local bubbles." The
1295:
of 2007–2010, alongside its impacts and effects on economies in various nations, has implied that these trends might have some common characteristics.
2346:
2068:
4324:
2609:
685:. This ratio, applied to individuals, is a basic component of mortgage lending decisions. According to a back-of-the-envelope calculation by
2368:
1233:
As of 2007, real estate bubbles had existed in the recent past or were widely believed to still exist in many parts of the world. including
3651:
2825:
2708:
2903:
4279:
2730:
961:
is the average cost of ownership divided by the received rent income (if buying to let) or the estimated rent (if buying to reside):
3385:
1835:
1577:
1361:
700:
for a typical mortgage , expressed in months or years of income. It is especially important for first-time buyers without existing
189:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
3785:
3548:
3030:
3019:
1946:
422:
132:
2565:
1271:
magazine, writing at the same time, went further, saying "the worldwide rise in house prices is the biggest bubble in history".
1044:, a measure used in the United Kingdom, is the total yearly gross rent divided by the house price and expressed as a percentage:
4294:
394:
104:
2417:
1900:
1197:. As measured by the Case–Shiller index, the US experienced a housing bubble peaking in the second quarter of 2006 (2006 Q2).
3684:
2141:
2120:
1975:
1317:
4284:
836:. If a rise in ownership is not supported by a rise in incomes, it can mean either that buyers are taking advantage of low
2470:
1662:
401:
329:. Housing price busts are less frequent, but last nearly twice as long and lead to output losses that are twice as large (
111:
375:
85:
40:
1639:
Ikromov, Nuridding and
Abdullah Yavas, 2012a, "Asset Characteristics and Boom and Bust Periods: An Experimental Study".
4309:
3524:
477:, disagreement exists over whether or not a real estate bubble can be identified or predicted, then perhaps prevented.
2033:
1869:
333:
World
Economic Outlook, 2003). A recent laboratory experimental study also shows that, compared to financial markets,
4107:
3790:
2875:
2855:
2837:
2819:
2801:
2783:
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to sell or relinquish titles to locations they are not using, thus preventing speculators from hoarding unused land.
441:
341:
258:
204:
151:
54:
2303:
2156:
1103:{\displaystyle {\mbox{Gross Rental Yield}}={\frac {{\mbox{Monthly rent}}\times 12}{\mbox{House price}}}\times 100\%}
408:
118:
3124:
707:
337:
involve more extended boom and bust periods. Prices decline slower because the real estate market is less liquid.
3518:
2896:
2182:
2081:
1323:
2707:
Battistini, Niccolò; Falagiarda, Matteo; Gareis, Johannes; Hackmann, Angelina; Roma, Moreno (November 9, 2021).
2662:
4264:
4244:
3709:
3339:
3222:
390:
379:
100:
89:
2584:
2211:
4370:
1143:, et cetera) for different grades of buildings). A low occupancy rate means that the market is in a state of
1011:{\displaystyle {\mbox{House Price-Rent ratio}}={\frac {\mbox{House price}}{{\mbox{Monthly Rent}}\times 12}}}
4397:
4392:
4274:
4218:
3823:
3562:
3500:
3183:
2636:
2233:
1817:
1735:; Ward, Charles (2013). "Intrinsic and rational speculative bubbles in the U.S. housing market 1960-2011".
1602:
1366:
1302:
621:
4223:
4213:
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3488:
3476:
3445:
2137:
1532:
1429:
1394:
1335:
1238:
1215:
330:
325:
price busts occur on average every 13 years, last for 2.5 years, and result in about a 4 percent loss in
311:
2507:
1689:"Trading rules from forecasting the collapse of speculative bubbles for the S&P 500 composite index"
344:
was caused by the bursting of real estate bubbles that had begun in various countries during the 2000s.
3880:
3770:
3605:
3374:
3276:
3240:
3234:
3142:
3064:
2889:
1414:
1023:
589:
183:
1283:
at
December 31, 2010. Commercial property values remained around 35% below their mid-2007 peak in the
933:{\displaystyle {\mbox{House P/E ratio}}={\frac {\mbox{House price}}{{\mbox{Rent}}-{\mbox{Expenses}}}}}
3828:
3725:
3677:
3641:
3076:
2471:"The ups and downs of the real estate market and its relations with the rest of the economy in China"
2328:
543:, by contrast, real estate bubbles are considered of critical importance and a fundamental cause of
3740:
3542:
3530:
3160:
3094:
1424:
1352:
1312:
1292:
566:
554:
The pre-dominating economic perspective is that increases in housing prices result in little or no
518:(LVT) can be introduced to prevent speculation on land. Real estate bubbles direct savings towards
178:
2277:
4356:
4022:
3911:
3760:
3593:
3554:
3482:
3264:
3252:
3088:
2255:
1771:
1732:
1696:
1684:
1419:
1357:
1341:
1307:
1250:
1246:
849:
368:
78:
46:
2439:
415:
125:
4122:
4082:
3848:
3587:
3567:
3536:
3512:
3428:
3198:
3082:
1542:
1346:
1254:
1182:
459:
326:
2693:
4183:
4163:
4137:
4127:
4087:
3955:
3916:
3818:
3775:
3765:
3750:
3730:
3611:
3599:
3506:
3288:
3210:
3112:
3106:
2997:
2986:
2958:
2933:
1921:
1557:
1552:
1329:
1242:
669:
is the basic affordability measure for housing in a given area. It is generally the ratio of
649:
577:), because property owners generally use borrowed money to purchase property, in the form of
2722:
1618:
1494:
as 25% within one year in metropolitan areas like the San
Francisco Bay Area and Las Vegas.
4344:
4097:
4027:
3890:
3833:
3755:
3745:
3735:
3670:
3282:
3216:
3148:
3100:
3058:
1572:
879:
of the house minus expenses, which include maintenance and property taxes. This formula is:
783:
772:
677:, expressed as a percentage or as years of income. It is sometimes compiled separately for
629:
In attempting to identify bubbles before they burst, economists have developed a number of
465:
2723:"Dostupnost bydlenĂ se opÄ›t zhoršila. Na novĂ˝ byt v Praze je potĹ™eba uĹľ 17,3 roÄŤnĂch mezd"
1022:
The latter is often measured using the "owner's equivalent rent" numbers published by the
8:
4254:
4077:
4072:
3906:
3811:
3806:
3401:
3363:
3345:
3318:
3300:
3070:
3035:
2974:
2948:
2550:
1562:
1477:
828:. It tends to rise steadily with incomes. Also, governments often enact measures such as
790:, is the ratio of the mortgage debt to the value of the underlying property; it measures
540:
318:
1459:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
802:
using the accumulated equity as collateral. A ratio greater than 1 implies that owner's
493:) or based on a regression of actual prices on a set of demand and/or supply variables.
236:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4304:
4178:
4132:
4112:
3945:
3926:
3868:
3843:
3369:
3357:
3312:
3270:
3166:
3154:
3013:
868:
791:
653:
634:
574:
562:
334:
169:
2012:
1954:
596:, it is argued, and constitutes the proximate cause of the subsequent economic slump.
297:
markets, and it typically follows a land boom. A land boom is a rapid increase in the
4208:
4017:
4000:
3960:
3885:
3875:
3853:
3838:
3617:
3246:
3193:
3172:
3136:
3118:
3024:
2980:
2871:
2851:
2843:
2833:
2815:
2797:
2779:
2762:
2681:
2486:
2116:
1843:
1798:
1752:
1713:
1622:
1514:
1498:
1190:
1175:
1165:
1031:
674:
4228:
4203:
4102:
4044:
4005:
3965:
3461:
3456:
3433:
3228:
2938:
2861:
2478:
1790:
1748:
1744:
1705:
1614:
1219:
841:
803:
799:
678:
593:
544:
489:
yields (where real estate is then considered in a similar vein to stocks and other
322:
286:
1794:
1275:
estate bubbles are invariably followed by severe price decreases (also known as a
4092:
4039:
3577:
3439:
3407:
3329:
3204:
3130:
2912:
2789:
2299:
1775:
1688:
1280:
795:
771:
as a percentage of a typical household's monthly pre-tax income; for example see
723:
630:
548:
490:
474:
290:
4319:
4299:
4259:
4198:
3980:
3950:
3646:
3494:
3471:
3395:
3351:
3306:
3294:
2771:
2754:
2475:
Real Estate, Construction and Economic Development in Emerging Market Economies
1486:
1284:
1262:
833:
619:'s plot of U.S. home prices, population, building costs, and bond yields, from
616:
604:
585:
515:
497:
469:
Ratio of Melbourne median house prices to Australian annual wages, 1965 to 2010
281:
732:
4386:
4117:
4049:
4034:
3863:
3631:
3052:
2807:
2482:
1901:"House prices and monetary polic in the Euro area: a structural VAR analysis"
1847:
1802:
1756:
1717:
1626:
1537:
1267:
1156:
1136:
837:
787:
745:
741:
686:
644:
578:
570:
555:
502:
482:
economic trends, accurate prediction of future bubbles has proven difficult.
307:
302:
2369:"Bulle immobilière : de quoi parle-t-on et que faut-il craindre ?"
454:
4289:
4188:
4173:
4147:
3970:
3936:
3636:
3258:
2928:
2923:
1877:
519:
298:
2046:"10th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2014"
1160:
The Case–Shiller index 1890–2016, showing a housing bubble peaking in 2006
4314:
4168:
3990:
3985:
3858:
3693:
3418:
3007:
2968:
2867:
The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke
2108:
Us Residential Real Estate Investment & Business Guide for Foreigners
1567:
1194:
701:
697:
524:
478:
294:
1382:
4269:
4142:
1490:
1144:
872:
2013:"Affordable Housing Real Estate Resource: Housing Affordability Index"
863:. To compute the P/E ratio for the case of a rented house, divide the
612:
2045:
1234:
1186:
945:
855:
749:
2881:
357:
67:
4249:
4193:
3995:
3921:
3704:
2848:
The Random Walk Guide to Investing: Ten Rules for Financial Success
2112:
1709:
1510:
1223:
1207:
1027:
860:
528:
2706:
1776:"House price dynamics and their reaction to macroeconomic changes"
824:
is the proportion of households who own their homes as opposed to
1523:, a person would need 17.3 years of salary to buy a 70 sqm flat.
1258:
1174:
are also used in identifying housing bubbles; these are known as
876:
829:
825:
486:
2349:. Conseil Général de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable
2212:"From the subprime to the terrigenous: Recession begins at home"
4054:
1547:
1520:
1205:
670:
3662:
859:
is the common metric used to assess the relative valuation of
4010:
2534:"Is the Washington, D.C.-area housing market bubbling again?"
1504:
1227:
864:
737:
608:
UK house prices between 1975 and 2006, adjusted for inflation
1026:. It can be viewed as the real estate equivalent of stocks'
3975:
2709:"The euro area housing market during the COVID-19 pandemic"
1140:
2347:"The French housing market and its environment since 1800"
1987:
1114:
This is the reciprocal of the house price-rent ratio. The
1947:"Interactive Table: How Bubbly Is Your Housing Market?"
740:(1980–2005) compared to home price appreciation in the
2278:"Real estate prices in Adriatic Coast up, Zagreb down"
1084:
1071:
1058:
993:
986:
975:
921:
911:
904:
893:
844:
may signal higher debt levels associated with bubbles.
810:
1435:
1181:
A noted series of HPIs for the United States are the
1056:
973:
891:
2506:
Bajaj, Vikas; Leonhardt, David (December 18, 2008).
832:
or subsidized financing to encourage and facilitate
527:' into the price of real estate. It also encourages
458:
US house price trend (1998–2008) as measured by the
1373:
485:In real estate, fundamentals can be estimated from
382:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
92:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2663:"Home prices are soaring. Is this another bubble?"
2418:"Underwater mortgages back above 11 million in 4Q"
1102:
1010:
932:
794:. This ratio increases when the homeowner takes a
317:Bubbles in housing markets are more critical than
659:
4384:
2508:"Tax Break May Have Helped Cause Housing Bubble"
569:, real estate bubbles are seen as an example of
561:In some schools of heterodox economics, notably
347:
2582:
2136:Krainer, John; Wei, Chishen (October 1, 2004).
1769:
1730:
2505:
1922:"Speculative Bubble: What it is, How it Works"
1683:
1200:
508:
4325:List of housing markets by real estate prices
3678:
2897:
2637:"How Did COVID-19 Affect The Housing Market?"
1291:borrowing based on those overvaluations. The
534:
2566:"This is Housing Bubble 2.0: David Stockman"
2392:"What happens when real estate bubbles pop?"
775:Economics' reports for the Canadian markets.
706:Another variant is what the United States's
599:
293:that occurs periodically in local or global
2850:, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
2814:(updated ed.), Harcourt Brace and Company.
1218:from 1990 on has been very damaging to the
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4365:
3685:
3671:
2904:
2890:
2812:The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need
2531:
2389:
2236:. Global Property Guide. February 28, 2008
2135:
1988:"Home - SecurityNational Mortgage Company"
1505:Eurozone real estate bubble COVID Pandemic
310:significance, are answered differently by
2298:
442:Learn how and when to remove this message
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
2610:"Comeback for California Housing Prices"
2280:. Global Property Guide. August 19, 2008
2258:. Global Property Guide. August 25, 2008
2079:
1815:
1155:
1151:
756:
731:
611:
603:
464:
453:
2832:, 4th ed., Foster City, CA: IDG Books.
2415:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2154:
1836:"Housing markets face a brutal squeeze"
1619:10.1146/annurev.economics.012809.103822
782:(not to be confused with the corporate
4385:
2794:The Coming Crash in the Housing Market
2554:, Princeton University, September 2013
2532:Sturtevant, Lisa A. (March 26, 2013).
2256:"The end of Poland's house price boom"
1908:European Central Bank - Working Papers
1898:
1867:
3666:
2911:
2885:
2778:, 2d ed. Princeton University Press.
2733:from the original on October 12, 2022
2635:Beck, Rae Hartley (August 23, 2023).
2155:Fackler, Martin (December 25, 2005).
2142:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
2080:Wallison, Peter J (January 5, 2014),
1818:"Home prices: 'Double-dip' confirmed"
1655:"Bill Clinton and the Housing Bubble"
1652:
1601:Mayer, Christopher (September 2011).
1600:
1261:. Then U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman
4352:
2634:
2585:"Why Blackstone Bought 16,000 Homes"
2583:StreetAuthority (January 15, 2013).
2200:
2138:"House Prices and Fundamental Value"
1596:
1594:
1592:
1578:2008–2014 Spanish real estate crisis
1439:
1377:
380:adding citations to reliable sources
351:
216:
163:
90:adding citations to reliable sources
61:
20:
2180:
1868:Wetzel, Dave (September 20, 2004).
811:Housing ownership and rent measures
13:
4310:Undergraduate real estate programs
2748:
2552:Wall Street and the Housing Bubble
2210:Putland, Gavin R. (June 1, 2009).
2157:"Take It From Japan: Bubbles Hurt"
2015:. National Association of Realtors
1513:increased dramatically during the
1436:US real estate bubble 2012–present
1097:
736:Inflation-adjusted home prices in
14:
4409:
4108:Investment rating for real estate
1589:
1185:, devised by American economists
36:This article has multiple issues.
4364:
4351:
4339:
4338:
3031:1830s Chicago real estate bubble
3020:1810s Alabama real estate bubble
2864:and Amelia Warren Tyagi (2003).
2660:
2416:Philyaw, Jason (March 8, 2011).
2390:Kellington, Tom (May 25, 2021).
1953:. April 11, 2005. Archived from
1444:
1381:
1374:From 2008 Great Recession to now
708:National Association of Realtors
673:house prices to median familial
356:
221:
168:
66:
25:
3692:
2759:Bubbles and how to survive them
2715:
2700:
2654:
2628:
2602:
2576:
2558:
2544:
2525:
2499:
2463:
2454:
2432:
2409:
2383:
2361:
2339:
2321:
2292:
2270:
2248:
2234:"The good times are here again"
2226:
2174:
2148:
2129:
2099:
2073:
2062:
2038:
2027:
2005:
1980:
1969:
1939:
1914:
1892:
1737:Journal of Real Estate Research
1298:For individual countries, see:
367:needs additional citations for
77:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
4265:Graduate real estate education
3710:Tertiary sector of the economy
3223:Western Australian gold rushes
2796:, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
1861:
1828:
1816:Christie, Les (May 31, 2011).
1809:
1763:
1749:10.1080/10835547.2013.12091360
1724:
1687:; Katsaris, Apostolos (2005).
1677:
1646:
1633:
867:of the house by its potential
660:Housing affordability measures
1:
1795:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.007
1774:; Ward, Charles W.R. (2013).
1583:
1293:U.S. subprime mortgage crisis
1222:. The crash in 2005 affected
875:, which is the market annual
584:The Post-Keynesian theory of
348:Identification and prevention
342:financial crisis of 2007–2008
4219:Real estate investment trust
3824:Extraterrestrial real estate
3652:U.S. higher education bubble
3563:Chinese stock bubble of 2007
3525:United States housing bubble
3519:2000s Danish property bubble
3501:Baltic states housing bubble
3277:Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush
2830:Personal Finance for Dummies
2214:. Land Values Research Group
2181:Lee, Don (January 8, 2006).
1899:Nocera, Andrea (June 2017).
1653:Klein, Ezra (May 28, 2009).
1367:United States housing bubble
1303:Baltic states housing bubble
817:5.83% and rent increased 2%.
780:housing debt to equity ratio
764:housing debt to income ratio
7:
4224:Real property administrator
4214:Real estate investment club
3489:Japanese asset price bubble
3477:New Zealand property bubble
3446:New Zealand property bubble
3375:Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush
3143:First Nova Scotia Gold Rush
2729:(in Czech). June 14, 2022.
1603:"Housing Bubbles: A Survey"
1533:Deed in lieu of foreclosure
1526:
1430:New Zealand property bubble
1336:Japanese asset price bubble
1216:Japanese asset price bubble
1201:List of real estate bubbles
312:schools of economic thought
10:
4414:
3881:Private equity real estate
3606:Australian property bubble
3241:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
3125:Colorado River mining boom
3065:Queen Charlottes Gold Rush
2477:. 2015. pp. 108–124.
1870:"The case for taxing land"
1607:Annual Review of Economics
1415:Australian property bubble
1163:
1024:Bureau of Labor Statistics
590:home equity line of credit
535:Macroeconomic significance
4333:
4237:
4156:
4063:
3935:
3899:
3829:International real estate
3799:
3718:
3700:
3642:Social media stock bubble
3627:
3576:
3455:
3417:
3384:
3328:
3184:2nd Industrial Revolution
3182:
3077:New South Wales gold rush
3045:
2998:1st Industrial Revolution
2996:
2957:
2919:
2870:, New York: Basic Books.
2329:"The global housing boom"
2304:"2005: In a Word: Frothy"
1453:This section needs to be
600:Housing market indicators
509:housing market indicators
230:This article needs to be
3543:Canadian property bubble
3531:Romanian property bubble
3370:1930s Kakamega gold rush
3161:Vermilion Lake gold rush
2483:10.4324/9781315762289-13
2440:"House Prices Worldwide"
1425:Canadian property bubble
1353:Romanian property bubble
1342:Lebanese property bubble
1313:Canadian property bubble
696:is the minimum required
567:Post-Keynesian economics
523:would otherwise become '
4023:Real estate transaction
3912:Real estate development
3594:Lebanese housing bubble
3555:Lebanese housing bubble
3549:Chinese property bubble
3483:Spanish property bubble
3340:1920s Florida land boom
3265:Cripple Creek Gold Rush
3253:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
3194:1870s Lapland gold rush
3089:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
2442:. Global Property Guide
2088:, New York, p. A15
1697:The Journal of Business
1420:British property bubble
1358:Spanish property bubble
1318:Chinese property bubble
1308:British property bubble
1210:to 2008 Great Recession
946:price-to-earnings ratio
850:price-to-earnings ratio
694:deposit to income ratio
539:Within some schools of
177:Some of this article's
16:Type of economic bubble
4123:Real estate derivative
4083:Effective gross income
3849:Healthcare real estate
3588:2000s commodities boom
3568:Uranium bubble of 2007
3537:Polish property bubble
3513:2000s commodities boom
3429:1970s commodities boom
3199:Coromandel Gold Rushes
3083:Australian gold rushes
1543:Foreclosure consultant
1347:Polish property bubble
1324:Danish property bubble
1161:
1104:
1012:
977:House Price-Rent ratio
934:
753:
626:
609:
470:
462:
4280:Industry trade groups
4184:Exclusive buyer agent
4138:Real estate valuation
4128:Real estate economics
4088:Gross rent multiplier
3917:Real estate investing
3819:Corporate Real Estate
3612:Cryptocurrency bubble
3600:Corporate debt bubble
3507:Irish property bubble
3289:Mount Baker gold rush
3211:Black Hills gold rush
3113:Similkameen Gold Rush
3107:Pennsylvania oil rush
3095:Pike's Peak gold rush
2987:Bengal Bubble of 1769
2959:Commercial revolution
2934:Irrational exuberance
2776:Irrational Exuberance
2302:(December 25, 2005).
1641:Real Estate Economics
1558:Real estate economics
1553:Real estate appraisal
1330:Irish property bubble
1159:
1152:Housing price indices
1105:
1013:
935:
757:Housing debt measures
735:
667:price to income ratio
650:real estate economics
622:Irrational Exuberance
615:
607:
473:As with all types of
468:
457:
314:, as detailed below.
4098:Highest and best use
4064:Economics, financing
4028:Real estate contract
3922:Real estate flipping
3891:Residential property
3834:Lease administration
3786:United Arab Emirates
3283:Kobuk River Stampede
3217:Colorado Silver Boom
3149:West Coast gold rush
3101:Rock Creek Gold Rush
3059:California gold rush
2727:www.central-group.cz
2371:. Ideal-investisseur
2082:"The Bubble is Back"
1957:on November 30, 2007
1573:Real estate business
1509:House prices in the
1183:Case–Shiller indices
1054:
1028:price-earnings ratio
971:
889:
784:debt to equity ratio
391:"Real-estate bubble"
376:improve this article
319:stock market bubbles
101:"Real-estate bubble"
86:improve this article
4398:Real estate bubbles
4393:Economic inequality
4078:Capitalization rate
4073:Asset-based lending
3907:Property management
3812:Commercial building
3807:Commercial property
3419:The Great Inflation
3402:Porcupine Gold Rush
3386:Post–WWII expansion
3364:Porcupine Gold Rush
3346:Fairbanks Gold Rush
3319:Porcupine Gold Rush
3301:Fairbanks Gold Rush
3071:Victorian gold rush
3036:Chilean silver rush
2949:Stock market bubble
2572:. February 4, 2013.
2538:The Washington Post
2183:"A Home Boom Busts"
2115:. January 1, 2006.
2069:June 2, 2005 report
1665:on October 15, 2012
1563:Real estate pricing
1478:The Washington Post
1176:house price indices
715:affordability index
635:economic indicators
575:speculative bubbles
541:heterodox economics
496:American economist
335:real estate markets
287:residential markets
4305:Real estate trends
4209:Real estate broker
4179:Chartered Surveyor
4133:Real estate bubble
4113:Mortgage insurance
3946:Adverse possession
3869:Luxury real estate
3844:Garden real estate
3358:Cobalt silver rush
3313:Cobalt silver rush
3271:Klondike Gold Rush
3167:Kildonan Gold Rush
3155:Big Bend Gold Rush
3014:Carolina gold rush
2975:Mississippi bubble
2944:Real-estate bubble
2692:has generic name (
2616:. January 29, 2013
2396:The Business Daily
2086:The New York Times
1880:on August 14, 2007
1783:Economic Modelling
1519:As an example, in
1393:. You can help by
1170:Measures of house
1162:
1100:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1060:Gross Rental Yield
1042:gross rental yield
1008:
997:
990:
979:
930:
925:
915:
908:
897:
792:financial leverage
768:debt-service ratio
754:
675:disposable incomes
654:real estate trends
627:
610:
563:Austrian economics
471:
463:
460:Case–Shiller index
273:real-estate bubble
4380:
4379:
4018:Property abstract
4001:Land registration
3961:Concurrent estate
3886:Real estate owned
3876:Off-plan property
3854:Vacation property
3839:Niche real estate
3660:
3659:
3618:Everything bubble
3267:(c. 1890–c. 1910)
3247:Cayoosh Gold Rush
3237:(c. 1880–c. 1930)
3225:(c. 1880–c. 1900)
3207:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
3205:Cassiar Gold Rush
3201:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
3173:Omineca Gold Rush
3137:Cariboo Gold Rush
3119:Stikine Gold Rush
3055:(c. 1840–c. 1850)
3025:Georgia Gold Rush
3010:(c. 1790–c. 1810)
2913:Financial bubbles
2844:Burton G. Malkiel
2772:Robert J. Shiller
2614:NBCLosAngeles.com
2187:Los Angeles Times
2122:978-0-73-976778-8
1499:COVID-19 pandemic
1474:
1473:
1411:
1410:
1277:house price crash
1230:'s largest city.
1214:The crash of the
1191:Robert J. Shiller
1166:House price index
1089:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1032:supply and demand
1006:
996:
989:
978:
928:
924:
914:
907:
896:
679:first-time buyers
452:
451:
444:
426:
269:
268:
261:
251:
250:
215:
214:
207:
162:
161:
154:
136:
59:
4405:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4285:Investment firms
4204:Property manager
4103:Home equity loan
4006:Leasehold estate
3966:Conditional sale
3687:
3680:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3462:Great Regression
3457:Great Moderation
3434:Mexican oil boom
3229:Indiana gas boom
2981:South Sea bubble
2939:Social contagion
2906:
2899:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2862:Elizabeth Warren
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2589:SeekingAlpha.com
2580:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2335:. June 16, 2005.
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2300:Leonhardt, David
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1876:. Archived from
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1704:(5): 2003–2036.
1693:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1661:. Archived from
1650:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1598:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1406:
1403:
1385:
1378:
1220:Japanese economy
1116:net rental yield
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1005:
998:
994:
987:
985:
980:
976:
959:price-rent ratio
950:price-rent ratio
939:
937:
936:
931:
929:
927:
926:
922:
916:
912:
905:
903:
898:
894:
842:subprime lending
800:home equity loan
631:financial ratios
594:aggregate demand
545:financial crises
491:financial assets
475:economic bubbles
447:
440:
436:
433:
427:
425:
384:
360:
352:
321:. Historically,
264:
257:
246:
243:
237:
225:
224:
217:
210:
203:
199:
196:
190:
172:
164:
157:
150:
146:
143:
137:
135:
94:
70:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4329:
4233:
4152:
4093:Hard money loan
4065:
4059:
4040:Rent regulation
3931:
3895:
3795:
3714:
3696:
3691:
3661:
3656:
3623:
3580:
3578:Information Age
3572:
3464:
3460:
3451:
3440:Silver Thursday
3421:
3413:
3408:Poseidon bubble
3388:
3380:
3332:
3330:Interwar period
3324:
3186:
3178:
3131:Otago gold rush
3041:
3000:
2992:
2961:
2953:
2915:
2910:
2790:John R. Talbott
2751:
2749:Further reading
2746:
2736:
2734:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2661:News, A. B. C.
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2545:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1814:
1810:
1778:
1770:Nneji, Ogonna;
1768:
1764:
1731:Nneji, Ogonna;
1729:
1725:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1659:Washington Post
1651:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1599:
1590:
1586:
1529:
1515:COVID pandemic.
1507:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1391:needs expansion
1376:
1281:negative equity
1212:
1203:
1168:
1154:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
992:
991:
984:
974:
972:
969:
968:
920:
910:
909:
902:
895:House P/E ratio
892:
890:
887:
886:
822:ownership ratio
813:
796:second mortgage
786:), also called
759:
724:median multiple
705:
662:
602:
549:economic crises
537:
448:
437:
431:
428:
385:
383:
373:
361:
350:
291:economic bubble
289:) is a type of
277:property bubble
265:
254:
253:
252:
247:
241:
238:
235:
226:
222:
211:
200:
194:
191:
188:
173:
158:
147:
141:
138:
95:
93:
83:
71:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4411:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4371:List of topics
4361:
4348:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:Urban planning
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4300:Property cycle
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:Gentrification
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:Moving company
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Eminent domain
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:Chain of title
3948:
3942:
3940:
3939:and regulation
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3791:United Kingdom
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3647:Unicorn bubble
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3584:
3582:
3581:(2007–present)
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3509:(c. 2000–2007)
3504:
3498:
3495:Dot-com bubble
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3472:1980s oil glut
3468:
3466:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:(c. 1980–1982)
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3404:(1945–c. 1960)
3399:
3398:(1945–c. 1950)
3396:Texas oil boom
3392:
3390:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3360:(1918–c. 1930)
3355:
3352:Texas oil boom
3349:
3348:(1918–c. 1930)
3343:
3342:(c. 1920–1925)
3336:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3307:Texas oil boom
3304:
3303:(c. 1900–1918)
3298:
3295:Nome Gold Rush
3292:
3291:(1897–c. 1925)
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3231:(c. 1880–1903)
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3073:(1851–c. 1870)
3068:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3028:
3027:(1828–c. 1840)
3022:
3017:
3011:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2859:
2841:
2823:
2805:
2787:
2769:
2761:, N. Brealey.
2755:John Calverley
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2714:
2699:
2653:
2627:
2601:
2575:
2557:
2543:
2524:
2512:New York Times
2498:
2491:
2462:
2453:
2431:
2408:
2382:
2360:
2338:
2320:
2308:New York Times
2291:
2269:
2247:
2225:
2199:
2173:
2161:New York Times
2147:
2128:
2121:
2098:
2072:
2061:
2037:
2026:
2004:
1979:
1968:
1938:
1913:
1891:
1860:
1827:
1808:
1762:
1743:(2): 121–151.
1723:
1710:10.1086/431450
1676:
1645:
1643:. 40, 508–535.
1632:
1613:(1): 559–577.
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1506:
1503:
1487:David Stockman
1472:
1471:
1452:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1285:United Kingdom
1263:Alan Greenspan
1211:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1164:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1129:occupancy rate
1124:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1079:
1066:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1004:
1001:
983:
963:
962:
954:
953:
942:
941:
940:
919:
901:
881:
880:
845:
838:interest rates
834:home ownership
818:
812:
809:
808:
807:
776:
758:
755:
730:
729:
719:
711:
690:
661:
658:
617:Robert Shiller
601:
598:
586:debt deflation
573:(pejoratively
571:credit bubbles
536:
533:
516:land value tax
498:Robert Shiller
450:
449:
364:
362:
355:
349:
346:
282:housing bubble
267:
266:
249:
248:
229:
227:
220:
213:
212:
179:listed sources
176:
174:
167:
160:
159:
74:
72:
65:
60:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4410:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Mortgage loan
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:and valuation
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Torrens title
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4035:Real property
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Golf property
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:Carbon bubble
3630:
3629:
3626:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:Ohio oil rush
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:Railway Mania
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2877:
2876:0-465-09082-6
2873:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2856:0-393-05854-9
2853:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2838:0-7645-2590-5
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:0-15-602963-4
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:Andrew Tobias
2806:
2803:
2802:0-07-142220-X
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2784:0-691-12335-7
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:1-85788-348-9
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2683:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2570:Yahoo Finance
2567:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2492:9781315762289
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2441:
2435:
2419:
2412:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2370:
2364:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2333:The Economist
2330:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2279:
2273:
2257:
2251:
2235:
2229:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2014:
2008:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1951:Business Week
1948:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1874:New Statesman
1871:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:The Economist
1837:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1772:Brooks, Chris
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:Brooks, Chris
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1685:Brooks, Chris
1680:
1669:September 22,
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Estate (land)
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1402:February 2022
1396:
1392:
1389:This section
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:– 1985–2008,
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:square metres
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1094:
1091:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1002:
999:
981:
967:
966:
965:
964:
960:
956:
955:
951:
947:
943:
917:
899:
885:
884:
883:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:loan to value
785:
781:
777:
774:
769:
765:
761:
760:
751:
747:
743:
742:United States
739:
734:
726:
725:
720:
716:
712:
709:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
687:Goldman Sachs
684:
683:attainability
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:
645:Business Week
640:
636:
632:
624:
623:
618:
614:
606:
597:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
556:wealth effect
552:
550:
546:
542:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
504:
503:The Economist
499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
480:
476:
467:
461:
456:
446:
443:
435:
424:
421:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
393: –
392:
388:
387:Find sources:
381:
377:
371:
370:
365:This article
363:
359:
354:
353:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
308:macroeconomic
304:
303:real property
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
263:
260:
245:
242:February 2022
233:
228:
219:
218:
209:
206:
198:
186:
185:
180:
175:
171:
166:
165:
156:
153:
145:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103: –
102:
98:
97:Find sources:
91:
87:
81:
80:
75:This article
73:
69:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
4369:
4357:
4343:
4290:Land banking
4189:Land banking
4174:Buyer broker
4148:Rental value
3971:Conveyancing
3781:Saudi Arabia
3637:Green bubble
3259:Encilhamento
2943:
2929:Credit cycle
2924:Market trend
2865:
2847:
2829:
2811:
2793:
2775:
2758:
2735:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2702:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2613:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2546:
2537:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2511:
2501:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:
2385:
2375:December 21,
2373:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:December 21,
2351:. Retrieved
2341:
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2190:. Retrieved
2186:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2150:
2131:
2107:
2101:
2090:, retrieved
2085:
2075:
2064:
2054:November 11,
2052:. Retrieved
2040:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1992:snmcblog.com
1991:
1982:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:the original
1950:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1926:Investopedia
1925:
1916:
1907:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:the original
1873:
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1853:February 16,
1851:. Retrieved
1839:
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1811:
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1663:the original
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1213:
1206:From end of
1180:
1171:
1169:
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1132:
1128:
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1073:Monthly rent
1041:
995:Monthly Rent
958:
949:
854:
848:
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806:is negative.
779:
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728:development.
722:
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538:
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513:
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369:verification
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84:Please help
79:verification
76:
52:
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38:Please help
35:
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4315:Urban decay
4169:Buyer agent
3991:Foreclosure
3986:Encumbrance
3859:Arable land
3771:Puerto Rico
3719:By location
3694:Real estate
3590:(2008–2014)
3557:(2005–2008)
3551:(2005–2011)
3539:(2002–2008)
3533:(2002–2007)
3527:(2002–2006)
3521:(2001–2006)
3515:(2000–2008)
3503:(2000–2006)
3497:(1995–2000)
3491:(1986–1990)
3485:(1985–2008)
3465:(1982–2007)
3436:(1977–1981)
3422:(1973–1982)
3410:(1969–1970)
3389:(1945–1973)
3377:(1932–1942)
3366:(1918–1945)
3354:(1918–1945)
3333:(1918–1939)
3321:(1909–1918)
3315:(1903–1918)
3309:(1901–1918)
3297:(1899–1909)
3285:(1897–1899)
3279:(1896–1903)
3273:(1896–1899)
3261:(1886–1890)
3243:(1883–1906)
3219:(1879–1893)
3213:(1874–1880)
3187:(1870–1914)
3163:(1865–1867)
3151:(1864–1867)
3145:(1861–1874)
3139:(1861–1867)
3133:(1861–1864)
3127:(1861–1864)
3109:(1859–1891)
3097:(1858–1861)
3085:(1851–1914)
3079:(1851–1880)
3061:(1848–1855)
3038:(1830–1850)
3016:(1802–1825)
3008:Canal Mania
3001:(1760–1840)
2989:(1757–1769)
2983:(1711–1720)
2977:(1684–1720)
2971:(1634–1637)
2969:Tulip mania
2962:(1000–1760)
2690:|last=
2420:. CoreLogic
2034:seek.estate
1976:seek.estate
1789:: 172–178.
1568:Real estate
1369:– 1997–2006
1349:– 2002–2008
1338:– 1986–1991
1332:– 1999–2006
1326:– 2001–2006
1320:– 2005–2011
1239:New Zealand
1195:Allan Weiss
1131:(opposite:
1086:House price
988:House price
906:House price
752:(1995–2005)
702:home equity
698:downpayment
681:and termed
525:capitalized
507:argue that
479:Speculative
295:real estate
182:may not be
4387:Categories
4270:Green belt
4143:Remortgage
3927:Relocation
3726:Bangladesh
2826:Eric Tyson
2737:August 19,
2620:January 6,
2594:January 6,
1997:January 6,
1584:References
1497:After the
1491:hedge fund
1485:Economist
1465:March 2020
1145:oversupply
944:The house
873:net income
529:landowners
402:newspapers
112:newspapers
41:improve it
4255:Filtering
4245:Companies
4164:Appraiser
4045:Severance
3741:Indonesia
3620:(2020–21)
3157:(c. 1865)
3046:1840–1870
2424:April 14,
2092:April 14,
1931:April 11,
1848:0013-0613
1822:CNN Money
1803:0264-9993
1757:0896-5803
1718:0740-9168
1627:1941-1383
1362:2008-2014
1268:Economist
1235:Argentina
1187:Karl Case
1122:payments.
1098:%
1092:×
1078:×
1000:×
918:−
856:P/E ratio
750:Australia
579:mortgages
432:June 2013
195:June 2013
142:June 2013
47:talk page
4345:Category
4250:Eviction
4194:Landlord
3996:Land law
3761:Pakistan
3705:Property
2846:(2003).
2828:(2003).
2810:(2005).
2792:(2003).
2774:(2005).
2757:(2004),
2731:Archived
2682:cite web
2672:July 29,
2667:ABC News
2646:July 29,
2641:Bankrate
2446:June 23,
2313:June 23,
2284:June 23,
2262:June 23,
2240:June 23,
2218:June 23,
2192:June 23,
2166:June 23,
2113:Lulu.com
2019:June 23,
1961:June 23,
1884:June 13,
1527:See also
1511:Eurozone
1224:Shanghai
1208:cold war
1178:(HPIs).
923:Expenses
869:earnings
861:equities
830:tax cuts
184:reliable
4358:Commons
4275:Indices
4157:Parties
3956:Closing
3900:Sectors
3614:(2011–)
3608:(2010–)
3602:(2008–)
3596:(2008–)
3545:(2002–)
3479:(1982–)
2401:May 26,
1910:(2073).
1455:updated
1259:Croatia
1251:Lebanon
1243:Ireland
826:renting
746:Britain
416:scholar
232:updated
126:scholar
4363:
4350:
4337:
4295:People
4229:Tenant
4055:Zoning
3776:Russia
3766:Panama
3751:Turkey
3731:Canada
3442:(1980)
3255:(1886)
3249:(1884)
3175:(1869)
3169:(1869)
3121:(1861)
3115:(1860)
3103:(1859)
3091:(1858)
3067:(1851)
2874:
2854:
2836:
2818:
2800:
2782:
2765:
2517:May 6,
2489:
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1548:Jeonse
1521:Prague
1257:, and
1255:Poland
1193:, and
952:below.
804:equity
748:, and
671:median
487:rental
418:
411:
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323:equity
128:
121:
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4238:Other
4011:Lease
3800:Types
3756:Kenya
3746:Italy
3736:China
2049:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1779:(PDF)
1692:(PDF)
1247:Spain
1228:China
1172:price
1141:acres
1035:2004.
865:price
738:Japan
423:JSTOR
409:books
133:JSTOR
119:books
3976:Deed
2872:ISBN
2852:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2798:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2763:ISBN
2739:2023
2694:help
2674:2024
2648:2024
2622:2017
2596:2017
2519:2012
2487:ISBN
2448:2009
2426:2014
2403:2021
2377:2016
2355:2016
2315:2009
2286:2009
2264:2009
2242:2009
2220:2009
2194:2009
2168:2009
2117:ISBN
2094:2014
2056:2014
2021:2009
1999:2017
1963:2009
1933:2024
1886:2008
1855:2023
1844:ISSN
1799:ISSN
1753:ISSN
1714:ISSN
1671:2011
1623:ISSN
1127:The
1040:The
957:The
913:Rent
877:rent
847:The
820:The
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762:The
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713:The
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665:The
652:and
639:i.e.
633:and
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340:The
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