4323:
3106:
718:. By the latter, he meant that moral agents must perform those acts they consider themselves to have an obligation to perform whenever they are physically and psychologically able to do so. In other words, he argued that it made no sense for someone to say, sincerely: "I ought to do X", and then fail to do X. This was identified by Frankena, Nobis and others as a major flaw in Hare's system, as it appeared to take no account of
3116:
567:. Hare's wartime experience had a lasting impact on his philosophical views, particularly his view that moral philosophy has an obligation to help people live their lives as moral beings. His earliest work in philosophy, which has never been published, dates from this period, and in it, he tried to develop a system that might "serve as a guide to life in the harshest conditions", according to
747:. To ignore consequences leads to absurdity: for example, that it would be wrong to steal a terrorist's plans to blow up a nuclear facility. All the specific facts of a circumstance must be considered, and these include probable consequences. They also include the relevant, universal properties of the facts: for example, the psychological states of those involved.
1401:
looted a beautiful ledger from the office in Changi jail, and used it to expand the essay into a book of some 150 pages, written a few pages at a time in manuscript when I had the leisure during my three and a half years in prison. ... This book travelled with me on my back almost all the way to the ThaiâBurma frontier.
1400:
Once, on leave from the Army, I sat down at home and wrote an essay of some twenty pages on 'My
Philosophy' â a very pretentious thing to do, but pardonable, since we all thought we would be killed in the War, and I wanted to put it on record. ... When I was taken prisoner at the fall of Singapore, I
1430:
When
Singapore fell, he looted a ledger from Changi jail, and started writing a monograph called "An Essay in Monism". He carried this on his back during the march, and completed it just before being released. He typed it out, making multiple copies, once he was free ... It remains very little known
612:
delivered (as he felt Hare would have wished) a lecture on Hare's "Achievements in Moral
Philosophy" which concluded by giving three "major, lasting" ones, namely, "restoring reason to moral argument, distinguishing intuitive and critical levels of moral thinking, and pioneering the development of
1547:
The theory of emotivism, defended in different ways by C. L. Stevenson and the young A. J. Ayer, formed the background to Hare's early work, and he was concerned both to acknowledge its insights and correct its inadequacies. ... Hare didn't entirely reject emotivism, but ... He was consistently
1491:
he was never afraid to ask the most controversial questions, such as What is Wrong with
Slavery? and his answers were always enlightening. (Indeed, that particular paper is one that he was able to write with an authority that few others could possess, since, as he notes, he had in a manner of
578:, is also a philosopher.) He was elected fellow and tutor in philosophy at Balliol from 1947 to 1966; honorary fellow at Balliol from 1974 to 2002; and was appointed Wilde Lecturer in Natural Religion, 1963â66; and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, 1966â1983, which accompanied a move to
755:
While Hare was primarily interested in meta-ethics, he also made some important contributions to the fields of political philosophy and applied ethics. Among his essays within these fields those on the morality of slavery, abortion and the
1431:... and is of interest both in itself, and for points of connection with his mature thinking. As it is only accessible within the archives of Balliol College, Oxford: it may be apt to supply a density of quotation. ...
656:
Hare held that ethical rules should not be based on a principle of utility, though he took into account utilitarian considerations. His hybrid approach to meta-ethics distinguishes him from classical utilitarians like
40:
665:
might be interpreted as saying that Hare is as much a
Kantian as he is a utilitarian, but other sources disagree with this assessment. Although Hare used many concepts from Kant, especially the idea of
4359:
1548:
opposed to the 'descriptivism' that held that the meaning of moral predicates â good, bad, right, wrong, ought etc. â was exhaustively descriptive of moral features of reality.
4352:
1874:
1296:
4527:
4443:
4116:
4478:
4380:
1995:
4499:
4345:
760:, and on demi-vegetarianism have received the most attention. Hare's most important work in political philosophy and applied ethics is collected in the two volumes
743:
Hare departs from Kant's view that only the most general maxims of conduct be used (for example, "do not steal"), but the consequences ignored, when applying the
678:, in his normative ethical views. Hare himself addressed the possibility that Kant was a utilitarian like himself, in his "Could Kant Have Been a Utilitarian?"
2038:
4790:
1879:
1301:
1200:
4780:
1773:
4665:
4655:
4464:
568:
1929:
1662:
1383:
1505:
4755:
4695:
4450:
4415:
4401:
4387:
710:. By the former, he meant that moral judgments must identify the situation they describe according to a finite set of universal terms, excluding
1083:
4715:
2068:
1117:
574:
He returned to Oxford after the war, and in 1947, married
Catherine Verney, a marriage that produced a son and three daughters. (Hare's son,
548:(classics). Having joined the officer training corps whist still at Rugby, on the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered to serve with the
4092:
1934:
1807:
4735:
1020:
4675:
4670:
4660:
4710:
4650:
1144:
4740:
4368:
1962:
459:
4750:
4124:
1561:
605:
481:
as a meta-ethical theory, which he argues is supported by analysis of formal features of moral discourse, and for his defence of
524:
graduate student), has explicitly adopted some elements of Hare's thought, though not his doctrine of universal prescriptivism.
4770:
4541:
1689:
1444:
1236:
4785:
3119:
2275:
1630:
4765:
4548:
4140:
1915:
4760:
4690:
2316:
2235:
4700:
3240:
2061:
1748:
1156:
1151:. Perry, Alexandra; Herrera, C. D. (Christopher D.). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 21.
1001:
978:
948:
929:
910:
887:
860:
837:
814:
521:
4720:
4506:
3152:
1025:
735:. In brief, this means that we should act in such a way as to maximise the satisfaction of people's preferences.
1210:
4685:
4680:
4108:
3046:
1923:
806:
579:
283:
702:. According to this, moral terms such as 'good', 'ought' and 'right' have two logical or semantic properties:
4745:
3925:
3342:
2740:
2220:
1832:
1358:
1332:
446:
29:
4429:
4172:
4132:
4045:
3109:
2621:
2543:
2260:
2054:
634:
1926:â resources page containing Hare's writings, secondary literature, reviews, obituaries and a bibliography
4604:
4337:
3804:
1850:
1666:
1387:
1292:
4730:
4725:
4705:
4618:
4100:
2321:
2215:
1326:
509:
4611:
4291:
2923:
2700:
2113:
732:
727:
Hare argued that the combination of universalizability and prescriptivity leads to a certain form of
586:
from 1972 to 1973. He left Oxford in 1983 to become
Graduate Research Professor of Philosophy at the
482:
371:
4307:
3794:
3451:
3207:
2493:
1011:*For a more complete list of publications see the annotated bibliography by Keith Burgess-Jackson.
699:
594:
493:
478:
381:
376:
314:
1121:
4492:
2775:
1854:
970:
541:
517:
278:
143:
4562:
4422:
3784:
3385:
3337:
2359:
2331:
2306:
2108:
744:
4775:
4164:
4156:
4084:
4040:
3402:
3397:
3292:
3002:
2958:
2457:
2270:
2118:
587:
467:
288:
39:
1415:"Richard Mervyn Hare > Hare's "An Essay in Monism" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)"
799:
4645:
4640:
4520:
4513:
4485:
4281:
3421:
3411:
3392:
3370:
3332:
3270:
3182:
3145:
2180:
2028:
715:
630:
583:
463:
252:
3945:
1492:
speaking been a slave, when as a prisoner of the
Japanese he worked on the Burma railway.)
1414:
1170:
8:
4569:
4251:
4212:
4188:
4055:
3975:
3955:
3930:
3900:
3312:
3192:
2824:
2755:
2533:
2364:
2346:
2310:
2230:
2185:
2175:
2077:
826:
642:
366:
265:
218:
1720:
1531:
4246:
4241:
4076:
4015:
3885:
3473:
3380:
3365:
3317:
3265:
2997:
2715:
2672:
2641:
2631:
2591:
2449:
2429:
2290:
2250:
2245:
2170:
1712:
1636:
1475:
1267:
960:
849:
703:
667:
545:
3082:
1592:
4436:
4301:
4286:
4276:
4256:
4005:
3836:
3739:
3729:
3458:
3416:
2811:
2801:
2735:
2616:
2551:
2285:
2190:
1826:
1788:
1754:
1744:
1716:
1640:
1626:
1584:
1479:
1467:
1271:
1259:
1162:
1152:
1091:
997:
990:
974:
944:
925:
906:
883:
856:
833:
810:
785:
560:
2834:
1483:
1275:
4597:
4457:
4271:
4196:
4180:
4010:
3995:
3940:
3719:
3501:
3468:
3463:
3360:
3260:
3197:
3177:
3169:
2887:
2864:
2854:
2677:
2626:
2523:
2379:
1978:
1884:
1704:
1618:
1576:
1459:
1306:
1251:
1047:
875:
728:
671:
564:
497:
489:
455:
427:
407:
329:
319:
247:
1340:
4471:
4408:
4326:
4060:
3799:
3754:
3714:
3662:
3607:
3597:
3521:
3496:
3478:
3431:
3322:
3255:
3250:
3138:
3038:
3018:
2992:
2966:
2859:
2849:
2829:
2561:
2528:
2419:
2404:
2255:
2240:
2160:
2139:
1910:
1205:
967:
556:
549:
1622:
1580:
4583:
4296:
4050:
3950:
3935:
3910:
3905:
3789:
3679:
3617:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3426:
3307:
3302:
3287:
3227:
3212:
3187:
3066:
2948:
2819:
2750:
2745:
2710:
2611:
2508:
2477:
2462:
2424:
2414:
2369:
2144:
1954:
1889:
1310:
707:
658:
646:
513:
345:
213:
1463:
1255:
4634:
4394:
3980:
3920:
3870:
3709:
3647:
3632:
3531:
3446:
3375:
3327:
3235:
3217:
3087:
3056:
2943:
2938:
2908:
2874:
2844:
2839:
2770:
2765:
2695:
2687:
2664:
2571:
2518:
2409:
2374:
2336:
2265:
2165:
2134:
2020:
1988:
1588:
1471:
1263:
1166:
1095:
650:
397:
203:
3051:
2918:
1758:
899:
4576:
4261:
4204:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4000:
3970:
3704:
3577:
3511:
3506:
3441:
3297:
3282:
2976:
2892:
2760:
2705:
2654:
2601:
2596:
2556:
2503:
2472:
2467:
2439:
2399:
2326:
2210:
2103:
2005:
1906:
1792:
1084:"Brian McGuinness, world-renowned expert on Ludwig Wittgenstein â obituary"
789:
711:
675:
638:
609:
575:
537:
505:
501:
474:
theories were influential during the second half of the twentieth century.
417:
412:
402:
324:
301:
208:
193:
176:
166:
121:
4367:
466:
from 1966 until 1983. He subsequently taught for a number of years at the
4534:
3960:
3764:
3541:
3202:
3061:
3028:
3023:
2971:
2933:
2928:
2913:
2882:
2796:
2606:
2576:
2566:
2513:
2498:
2434:
2098:
1738:
1506:"R. M. Hare, British Philosopher, Dies at 82; Looked for Logic in Morals"
871:
757:
626:
471:
422:
350:
4555:
3990:
3985:
3965:
3915:
3826:
3684:
3627:
3587:
3582:
3352:
3275:
2780:
2649:
2581:
2280:
198:
180:
138:
2046:
1617:. Synthese Library. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 91â113.
4236:
4148:
3880:
3860:
3759:
3669:
3642:
3622:
3567:
3436:
3245:
2354:
2225:
779:
622:
1118:"Balliol College â History â Past Members â Richard Hare â A Memoir"
924:. Oxford England New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press.
4266:
4231:
3865:
3850:
3774:
3769:
3734:
3724:
3637:
3572:
3546:
1708:
533:
67:
3890:
3779:
3744:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3602:
3592:
720:
3875:
3816:
3749:
3674:
3551:
3161:
598:
150:
86:
1610:
1053:
3855:
3845:
943:. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press.
905:. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press.
870:
855:. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press.
4117:
3895:
3811:
3657:
3652:
3612:
1615:
Kant and Critique: New Essays in Honor of W.H. Werkmeister
750:
3821:
3130:
882:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 22â38.
1743:. Peter Singer (ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Reference.
1690:"Hare on moral weakness and the definition of morality"
500:
went on to become well-known philosophers. Hare's son,
1663:"CHAPTER 4: Hare's Universal Rational Prescriptivism"
1532:"R. M. Hare (1919â2002) | Issue 35 | Philosophy Now"
450:(21 March 1919 â 29 January 2002), usually cited as
1050:
768:(1993), both published by Oxford University Press.
698:(1981), Hare gave shape to a theory that he called
989:
959:
898:
848:
825:
798:
1930:R. M. Hare in Conversation (on his 80th birthday)
1808:"(Richard Mervyn Hare) An Annotated Bibliography"
520:and came to know Hare personally while he was an
4632:
1737:Hare, R. M. (1991). "Universal Prescriptivism".
1445:"R. M. Hare's Achievements in Moral Philosophy"
1297:"Hare, Richard Mervyn (1919â2002), philosopher"
1237:"R. M. Hare's Achievements in Moral Philosophy"
641:, a certain reading of the later philosophy of
4369:White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, Oxford
4353:
3146:
2062:
1313:. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021
851:Moral Thinking: its levels, method, and point
4093:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
1883:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1305:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
738:
4791:World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
1805:
1356:
1021:Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford
681:
590:at Gainesville, a post he held until 1994.
4360:
4346:
3153:
3139:
2069:
2055:
1813:. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006
1081:
532:Richard Hare was born on 21 March 1919 in
477:Hare is best known for his development of
38:
1904:
1888:
1116:Lucas, John Randloph (23 December 2002).
4666:21st-century British non-fiction writers
4656:20th-century British non-fiction writers
1687:
1149:The Moral Philosophy of Bernard Williams
1082:Obituaries, Telegraph (9 January 2020).
4125:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
2345:
2076:
2013:Professional and academic associations
1880:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1559:
1302:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1142:
751:Applied ethics and political philosophy
4781:White's Professors of Moral Philosophy
4756:Presidents of the Aristotelian Society
4696:British Army personnel of World War II
4633:
1442:
1234:
1198:
4716:British World War II prisoners of war
4341:
3134:
2050:
1963:White's Professor of Moral Philosophy
1849:
1611:"Could Kant Have Been a Utilitarian?"
1384:"OUP: R. M. Hare in Conversation ..."
1291:
1115:
540:in Warwickshire, followed in 1937 by
508:, known for his involvement with the
460:White's Professor of Moral Philosophy
16:British moral philosopher (1919â2002)
1771:
1736:
1608:
1352:
1350:
1230:
1228:
1199:Taylor, C. C. W. (5 February 2002).
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
987:
957:
938:
919:
896:
869:
846:
823:
796:
777:
4141:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1916:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1665:. Morehouse College. Archived from
1503:
621:Hare was greatly influenced by the
601:, Oxfordshire, on 29 January 2002.
13:
4736:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford
1875:"Hare, Richard Mervyn (1919â2002)"
1862:Proceedings of the British Academy
1843:
1504:Fox, Margalit (17 February 2002).
1145:"Bernard Williams: A Reminiscence"
527:
14:
4802:
4676:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
4671:21st-century British philosophers
4661:20th-century British philosophers
1898:
1872:
1660:
1412:
1357:O'Grady, Jane (1 February 2002).
1347:
1225:
1185:
686:In a series of books, especially
488:Some of Hare's students, such as
4711:British male non-fiction writers
4651:Military personnel from Somerset
4507:George Henry Sacheverell Johnson
4322:
4321:
3114:
3105:
3104:
1529:
1386:11 December 2004. Archived from
1046:
962:Essays on Religion and Education
604:At his memorial service held at
4741:People educated at Rugby School
1799:
1765:
1730:
1688:Frankena, William (July 1988).
1681:
1654:
1602:
1553:
1523:
1497:
1436:
1406:
1026:Tanner Lectures on Human Values
771:
512:(who studied Hare's work as an
156:Books: "The Language of Morals"
107:
4751:British political philosophers
4563:Harold Arthur (H. A.) Prichard
4109:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
3479:Value monism â Value pluralism
2317:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
1774:"Abortion and the Golden Rule"
1376:
1285:
1136:
1109:
1075:
1038:
807:University of California Press
801:Essays on Philosophical Method
284:Corpus Christi College, Oxford
1:
4771:University of Florida faculty
1781:Philosophy and Public Affairs
1562:"What Kant Might Say to Hare"
1560:Curtler, Hugh Mercer (1971).
1068:
616:
504:, also became a philosopher.
485:based on his prescriptivism.
4786:Wittgensteinian philosophers
4577:John Langshaw (J. L.) Austin
4173:On the Genealogy of Morality
4133:Critique of Practical Reason
1341:UK public library membership
941:Essays on Political Morality
805:. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
762:Essays on Political Morality
635:ordinary language philosophy
593:After suffering a series of
7:
4766:British social philosophers
4591:Richard Mervyn (R. M.) Hare
1772:Hare, R. M. (Spring 1975).
1623:10.1007/978-94-015-8179-0_4
1014:
832:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
784:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
724:, or weakness of the will.
10:
4807:
4556:William David (W. D.) Ross
4101:A Treatise of Human Nature
3160:
2216:Causal theory of reference
597:, R. M. Hare died in
582:. He was president of the
563:in 1942 to the end of the
510:animal liberation movement
4761:Royal Artillery personnel
4691:Aristotelian philosophers
4528:John Richard Turner Eaton
4375:
4317:
4224:
4069:
3835:
3560:
3489:
3351:
3226:
3168:
3100:
3075:
3037:
3011:
2985:
2957:
2901:
2873:
2810:
2789:
2728:
2686:
2663:
2640:
2542:
2486:
2448:
2392:
2299:
2203:
2153:
2127:
2091:
2084:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1993:
1985:
1970:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1831:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1613:. In Dancy, R. M. (ed.).
1581:10.1093/mind/LXXX.318.295
1464:10.1017/S0953820800003629
1331:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1256:10.1017/S0953820800003629
880:Utilitarianism and beyond
739:Importance of specificity
733:preference utilitarianism
559:by the Japanese from the
483:preference utilitarianism
436:
390:
372:preference utilitarianism
359:
338:
307:
297:
271:
261:
240:
232:
227:
186:
172:
162:
149:
137:
132:
128:
117:
94:
75:
49:
37:
23:
4701:Royal Artillery officers
4535:Thomas Hill (T.H.) Green
3452:Universal prescriptivism
2276:Scientific structuralism
1806:Burgess-Jackson, Keith.
1031:
922:Essays in Ethical Theory
700:universal prescriptivism
682:Universal prescriptivism
606:St Mary's Church, Oxford
536:, Somerset. He attended
382:universal prescriptivism
377:two-level utilitarianism
4721:Burma Railway prisoners
4500:Charles William Stocker
3241:Artificial intelligence
971:Oxford University Press
608:, in May of that year,
542:Balliol College, Oxford
518:University of Melbourne
279:Balliol College, Oxford
144:Balliol College, Oxford
4584:William Calvert Kneale
4549:John Alexander Stewart
2332:Reflective equilibrium
1890:10.1093/ref:odnb/76706
1855:"Hare, Richard Mervyn"
1443:Singer, Peter (2002).
1311:10.1093/ref:odnb/76706
1235:Singer, Peter (2002).
1201:"Professor R. M. Hare"
1143:McMahan, Jeff (2013).
781:The Language of Morals
745:categorical imperative
688:The Language of Morals
4686:Anglican philosophers
4681:Analytic philosophers
4165:The Methods of Ethics
3403:Divine command theory
3398:Ideal observer theory
3003:Nicholas Wolterstorff
2458:David Malet Armstrong
1907:"Richard Mervyn Hare"
1740:A Companion to ethics
1489:on 8 September 2006.
716:definite descriptions
613:... applied ethics".
588:University of Florida
468:University of Florida
458:who held the post of
289:University of Florida
4746:People from Backwell
4521:John Matthias Wilson
4514:Henry George Liddell
4486:Renn Dickson Hampden
4282:Political philosophy
2029:Aristotelian Society
1609:Hare, R. M. (1993).
1281:on 8 September 2006.
988:Hare, R. M. (1993).
966:. Oxford, New York:
958:Hare, R. M. (1992).
939:Hare, R. M. (1989).
920:Hare, R. M. (1989).
897:Hare, R. M. (1983).
847:Hare, R. M. (1981).
824:Hare, R. M. (1977).
797:Hare, R. M. (1972).
778:Hare, R. M. (1952).
631:Charles L. Stevenson
584:Aristotelian Society
555:Hare was taken as a
464:University of Oxford
253:political philosophy
4570:Herbert James Paton
4252:Evolutionary ethics
4213:Reasons and Persons
4189:A Theory of Justice
3343:Uncertain sentience
2825:Patricia Churchland
2756:Christine Korsgaard
2642:Logical positivists
2534:Ludwig Wittgenstein
2311:paradox of analysis
2078:Analytic philosophy
2039:Charles H. Whiteley
1996:HÀgerström Lecturer
1726:on 9 November 2013.
1598:on 23 January 2020.
1390:on 11 December 2004
1124:on 23 December 2002
996:. Clarendon Press.
992:Essays on Bioethics
766:Essays on Bioethics
643:Ludwig Wittgenstein
443:Richard Mervyn Hare
367:Moral particularism
266:Analytic philosophy
262:School or tradition
219:Ludwig Wittgenstein
133:Academic background
54:Richard Mervyn Hare
4247:Ethics in religion
4242:Descriptive ethics
4077:Nicomachean Ethics
2998:William Lane Craig
2716:Friedrich Waismann
2673:Carl Gustav Hempel
2632:Timothy Williamson
2592:Alasdair MacIntyre
2450:Australian realism
2430:Russ Shafer-Landau
2291:Analytical Thomism
2246:Logical positivism
1975:Title next held by
1669:on 13 October 2014
1510:The New York Times
1419:plato.stanford.edu
828:Freedom and Reason
704:universalizability
692:Freedom and Reason
668:universalisability
663:Sorting Out Ethics
4731:English Anglicans
4726:Consequentialists
4706:British ethicists
4628:
4627:
4437:William Carpender
4335:
4334:
4302:Social philosophy
4287:Population ethics
4277:Philosophy of law
4257:History of ethics
3740:Political freedom
3417:Euthyphro dilemma
3208:Suffering-focused
3128:
3127:
3096:
3095:
2812:Pittsburgh School
2802:Peter van Inwagen
2736:Roderick Chisholm
2724:
2723:
2617:Richard Swinburne
2552:G. E. M. Anscombe
2388:
2387:
2286:Analytic theology
2261:Ordinary language
2199:
2198:
2045:
2044:
2036:Succeeded by
2027:President of the
2006:D. H. Mellor
2003:Succeeded by
1947:Academic offices
1632:978-94-015-8179-0
1536:philosophynow.org
1339:(Subscription or
1327:cite encyclopedia
876:Williams, Bernard
670:, he was still a
639:J. L. Austin
561:fall of Singapore
456:moral philosopher
440:
439:
298:Doctoral students
194:J. L. Austin
4798:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4598:Bernard Williams
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4458:Nathaniel Hodges
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4339:
4338:
4325:
4324:
4272:Moral psychology
4217:
4209:
4201:
4197:Practical Ethics
4193:
4185:
4181:Principia Ethica
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4085:Ethics (Spinoza)
4081:
3720:Moral imperative
3178:Consequentialism
3155:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3047:Nancy Cartwright
2888:Nicholas Rescher
2865:Bas van Fraassen
2855:Nicholas Rescher
2678:Hans Reichenbach
2661:
2660:
2627:Bernard Williams
2524:Bertrand Russell
2446:
2445:
2380:Rigid designator
2343:
2342:
2089:
2088:
2085:Related articles
2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2018:Preceded by
1986:Preceded by
1979:Bernard Williams
1965:
1952:Preceded by
1944:
1943:
1940:
1920:
1911:Zalta, Edward N.
1894:
1892:
1869:
1859:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1719:. Archived from
1694:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1591:. Archived from
1575:(318): 295â297.
1566:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1482:. Archived from
1449:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1413:Price, Anthony.
1410:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1274:. Archived from
1241:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1213:on 23 April 2021
1209:. Archived from
1196:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1173:on 6 August 2020
1169:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1120:. Archived from
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1079:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1042:
1007:
995:
984:
965:
954:
935:
916:
904:
893:
866:
854:
843:
831:
820:
804:
793:
729:consequentialism
674:, rather than a
672:consequentialist
565:Second World War
544:, where he read
498:Bernard Williams
490:Brian McGuinness
454:, was a British
449:
428:Bernard Williams
408:Brian McGuinness
330:Bernard Williams
320:Brian McGuinness
308:Notable students
248:Moral philosophy
163:Doctoral advisor
111:
109:
100:Catherine Verney
82:
63:
61:
42:
32:
21:
20:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4542:William Wallace
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4472:Edward Thwaytes
4470:
4465:Abraham Campion
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4423:Henry Wilkinson
4421:
4414:
4409:John Berkenhead
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4336:
4331:
4313:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4065:
3838:
3831:
3755:Self-discipline
3715:Moral hierarchy
3663:Problem of evil
3608:Double standard
3598:Culture of life
3556:
3485:
3432:Non-cognitivism
3347:
3222:
3164:
3159:
3129:
3124:
3115:
3092:
3083:Jan Ćukasiewicz
3071:
3039:Stanford School
3033:
3019:Paul Feyerabend
3007:
2993:Alvin Plantinga
2981:
2967:James F. Conant
2953:
2897:
2869:
2860:Wilfrid Sellars
2850:Alexander Pruss
2830:Paul Churchland
2806:
2785:
2741:Donald Davidson
2720:
2682:
2659:
2636:
2562:Michael Dummett
2538:
2529:Frank P. Ramsey
2482:
2444:
2420:Jaakko Hintikka
2405:Keith Donnellan
2384:
2341:
2295:
2256:Neurophilosophy
2241:Logical atomism
2195:
2149:
2123:
2080:
2075:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2008:
1999:
1991:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1938:
1905:Anthony Price.
1901:
1857:
1846:
1844:Further reading
1841:
1840:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1661:Nobis, Nathan.
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1486:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1348:
1338:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1206:The Independent
1197:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1017:
1004:
981:
968:Clarendon Press
951:
932:
913:
890:
863:
840:
817:
774:
753:
741:
684:
619:
569:C. C. W. Taylor
557:prisoner of war
550:Royal Artillery
530:
528:Life and career
514:honours student
452:R. M. Hare
445:
432:
386:
355:
334:
293:
257:
223:
199:A. J. Ayer
113:
110: 1947)
105:
101:
90:
84:
80:
79:29 January 2002
71:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
33:
28:
26:
25:R. M. Hare
17:
12:
11:
5:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4493:William Sewell
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4444:Francis Palmer
4440:
4433:
4430:Francis Howell
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4297:Secular ethics
4294:
4292:Rehabilitation
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4157:Utilitarianism
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3517:Existentialist
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Constructivism
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:Non-naturalism
3383:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:Utilitarianism
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3067:Patrick Suppes
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2949:Michael Walzer
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Adolf GrĂŒnbaum
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Robert Brandom
2816:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:W. V. O. Quine
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Nelson Goodman
2748:
2746:Daniel Dennett
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:Moritz Schlick
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Charles Taylor
2619:
2614:
2612:P. F. Strawson
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Norman Malcolm
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2478:J. J. C. Smart
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:David Chalmers
2460:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:Giuseppe Peano
2422:
2417:
2415:Edmund Gettier
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Possible world
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Counterfactual
2319:
2314:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2181:Paraconsistent
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2092:Areas of focus
2086:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1958:
1955:William Kneale
1953:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1900:
1899:External links
1897:
1896:
1895:
1870:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1798:
1787:(3): 201â222.
1764:
1749:
1729:
1709:10.1086/293005
1703:(4): 779â792.
1680:
1653:
1631:
1601:
1552:
1522:
1496:
1458:(3): 309â317.
1435:
1405:
1375:
1359:"Richard Hare"
1346:
1284:
1250:(3): 309â317.
1224:
1184:
1157:
1135:
1108:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
985:
979:
955:
949:
936:
930:
917:
911:
894:
888:
867:
861:
844:
838:
821:
815:
794:
773:
770:
752:
749:
740:
737:
708:prescriptivity
696:Moral Thinking
683:
680:
659:Jeremy Bentham
647:utilitarianism
618:
615:
580:Corpus Christi
529:
526:
479:prescriptivism
438:
437:
434:
433:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
392:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
363:
361:
357:
356:
354:
353:
348:
346:Applied ethics
342:
340:
339:Main interests
336:
335:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
292:
291:
286:
281:
275:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
244:
242:
241:Sub-discipline
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
225:
224:
222:
221:
216:
214:Henry Sidgwick
211:
206:
201:
196:
190:
188:
184:
183:
174:
173:Other advisors
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
153:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:
119:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
96:
92:
91:
85:
83:(aged 82)
77:
73:
72:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4803:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:James Griffin
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:William Mills
4476:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:Andrew Crispe
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:Edward Copley
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:George Gisbey
4399:
4396:
4395:Edward Fulham
4392:
4389:
4388:Thomas Ballow
4385:
4382:
4381:William Price
4378:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Moral courage
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:Good and evil
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Family values
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Quasi-realism
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:Environmental
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Particularism
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3089:
3088:Alfred Tarski
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Peter Galison
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Nathan Salmon
2942:
2940:
2939:Richard Rorty
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Alonzo Church
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Ruth Millikan
2843:
2841:
2840:John McDowell
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Hilary Putnam
2769:
2767:
2766:Robert Nozick
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Rudolf Carnap
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2688:Vienna Circle
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2665:Berlin Circle
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Philippa Foot
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Graham Priest
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Charlie Broad
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Gottlob Frege
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2337:Supervenience
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Functionalism
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Descriptivism
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Philosophical
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Non-classical
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2021:Martha Kneale
2016:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1989:Hilary Putnam
1984:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:Price, A. W.
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1834:
1828:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:0-631-16211-9
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1530:Benn, Piers.
1526:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:9781443866002
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:The Telegraph
1085:
1078:
1074:
1058:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1005:
1003:9780198236788
999:
994:
993:
986:
982:
980:9780198249962
976:
972:
969:
964:
963:
956:
952:
950:9780198249955
946:
942:
937:
933:
931:9780198240716
927:
923:
918:
914:
912:9780192875853
908:
903:
902:
895:
891:
889:9780511611964
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
864:
862:9780198246602
858:
853:
852:
845:
841:
839:9780198810926
835:
830:
829:
822:
818:
816:9780520323346
812:
808:
803:
802:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:
776:
775:
769:
767:
763:
759:
748:
746:
736:
734:
730:
725:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
660:
654:
652:
651:Immanuel Kant
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
614:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
444:
435:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:Allan Gibbard
396:
395:
393:
389:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
360:Notable ideas
358:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
341:
337:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:Academic work
226:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
204:Immanuel Kant
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
152:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
97:
93:
88:
78:
74:
69:
64:21 March 1919
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
22:
19:
4776:Utilitarians
4619:Jeff McMahan
4590:
4306:
4262:Human rights
4205:After Virtue
4020:
3931:Schopenhauer
3705:Moral agency
3578:Common sense
3474:Universalism
3442:Expressivism
3422:Intuitionism
3393:Subjectivism
3338:Terraforming
3313:Professional
2977:Cora Diamond
2893:Morton White
2761:Thomas Nagel
2706:Otto Neurath
2655:Ernest Nagel
2602:Gilbert Ryle
2597:Derek Parfit
2586:
2557:J. L. Austin
2504:Casimir Lewy
2473:Peter Singer
2468:J. L. Mackie
2440:Barry Stroud
2400:Noam Chomsky
2393:Philosophers
2327:Natural kind
2211:Anti-realism
2171:Mathematical
2145:Performative
2104:Epistemology
2026:
1994:
1977:
1971:
1960:
1939:(in Italian)
1914:
1878:
1865:
1861:
1851:Price, A. W.
1815:. Retrieved
1801:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1739:
1732:
1721:the original
1700:
1696:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
1593:the original
1572:
1568:
1555:
1546:
1539:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1499:
1490:
1484:the original
1455:
1451:
1438:
1429:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:
1399:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1363:The Guardian
1362:
1315:. Retrieved
1300:
1293:Price, A. W.
1287:
1276:the original
1247:
1243:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1204:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1148:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1087:
1077:
1040:
1010:
991:
961:
940:
921:
900:
879:
872:Sen, Amartya
850:
827:
800:
780:
772:Select works
765:
761:
754:
742:
726:
719:
712:proper names
695:
694:(1963), and
691:
687:
685:
676:deontologist
662:
655:
620:
610:Peter Singer
603:
592:
576:John E. Hare
573:
554:
538:Rugby School
531:
522:Oxford BPhil
506:Peter Singer
502:John E. Hare
487:
476:
472:meta-ethical
451:
442:
441:
418:Aaron Sloman
413:Derek Parfit
403:John E. Hare
325:Peter Singer
302:Denys Turner
272:Institutions
209:Gilbert Ryle
177:Gilbert Ryle
167:Gilbert Ryle
158: (1952)
155:
122:John E. Hare
81:(2002-01-29)
44:Hare in 1957
18:
4646:2002 deaths
4641:1919 births
4612:John Broome
4080:(c. 322 BC)
3946:Kierkegaard
3765:Stewardship
3542:Rousseauian
3459:Rationalism
3371:Cognitivism
3318:Programming
3293:Meat eating
3266:Engineering
3076:Lwow-Warsaw
3062:Ian Hacking
3029:Karl Popper
3024:Thomas Kuhn
2972:Alice Crary
2934:Saul Kripke
2929:Jaegwon Kim
2924:David Lewis
2914:Jerry Fodor
2883:Susan Haack
2797:Robert Audi
2607:John Searle
2577:Peter Geach
2567:Antony Flew
2514:G. E. Moore
2435:Ernest Sosa
2365:Possibility
2114:Mathematics
2099:Metaphysics
1817:12 December
1044:Pronounced
764:(1989) and
758:Golden Rule
661:. His book
423:Gary Varner
351:meta-ethics
4635:Categories
3976:Bonhoeffer
3685:Immorality
3628:Eudaimonia
3588:Conscience
3583:Compassion
3469:Skepticism
3464:Relativism
3381:Naturalism
3361:Absolutism
3333:Technology
3183:Deontology
3052:John Dupré
2919:Kurt Gödel
2875:Pragmatism
2790:Notre Dame
2781:John Rawls
2650:A. J. Ayer
2587:R. M. Hare
2582:Paul Grice
2494:Arif Ahmed
2281:Sense data
2266:Pragmatism
2140:Linguistic
2033:1972â1973
1968:1966â1983
1935:R. M. Hare
1924:R. M. Hare
1673:18 January
1515:6 December
1368:6 December
1343:required.)
1217:6 December
1069:References
731:, namely,
714:, but not
627:A. J. Ayer
617:Influences
494:John Lucas
391:Influenced
315:John Lucas
236:Philosophy
233:Discipline
187:Influences
181:H.H. Price
139:Alma mater
60:1919-03-21
4237:Casuistry
4149:Either/Or
4056:Korsgaard
4051:Azurmendi
4016:MacIntyre
3956:Nietzsche
3886:Augustine
3881:Confucius
3861:Aristotle
3837:Ethicists
3795:Intrinsic
3760:Suffering
3670:Happiness
3643:Free will
3623:Etiquette
3568:Authority
3512:Epicurean
3507:Confucian
3502:Christian
3437:Emotivism
3261:Discourse
3198:Pragmatic
3170:Normative
2902:Princeton
2701:Hans Hahn
2487:Cambridge
2360:Necessity
2355:Actualism
2226:Emotivism
2191:Predicate
2161:Classical
1868:: 117â37.
1717:144508385
1641:145446053
1589:0026-4423
1480:145757614
1472:1741-6183
1272:145757614
1264:1741-6183
1167:887508392
1096:0307-1235
623:emotivism
89:, England
70:, England
4327:Category
4267:Ideology
4232:Axiology
4061:Nussbaum
4011:Frankena
4006:Anscombe
3996:Williams
3951:Sidgwick
3871:Valluvar
3866:Diogenes
3851:Socrates
3775:Theodicy
3770:Sympathy
3735:Pacifism
3725:Morality
3638:Fidelity
3618:Equality
3573:Autonomy
3561:Concepts
3522:Feminist
3497:Buddhist
3427:Nihilism
3366:Axiology
3323:Research
3256:Computer
3251:Business
3110:Category
2986:Reformed
2959:Quietism
2347:Modality
2307:Analysis
2300:Concepts
2271:Quietism
2231:Feminism
2204:Theories
2109:Language
1853:(2004).
1827:cite web
1793:11661183
1759:22762715
1452:Utilitas
1295:(2009).
1244:Utilitas
1101:13 March
1015:See also
878:(eds.).
690:(1952),
534:Backwell
118:Children
68:Backwell
4225:Related
3971:Tillich
3936:Bentham
3911:Spinoza
3906:Aquinas
3891:Mencius
3805:Western
3780:Torture
3745:Precept
3700:Loyalty
3695:Liberty
3690:Justice
3603:Dignity
3593:Consent
3537:Kantian
3527:Islamic
3490:Schools
3376:Realism
3308:Nursing
3303:Medical
3288:Machine
3228:Applied
3012:Science
2729:Harvard
2375:Realism
2251:Marxism
2166:Deviant
2135:Aretaic
2119:Science
1913:(ed.).
790:1034413
721:akrasia
595:strokes
516:at the
462:at the
112:
104:
4216:(1984)
4208:(1981)
4200:(1979)
4192:(1971)
4184:(1903)
4176:(1887)
4168:(1874)
4160:(1861)
4152:(1843)
4144:(1820)
4136:(1788)
4128:(1785)
4120:(1780)
4112:(1759)
4104:(1740)
4096:(1726)
4088:(1677)
4046:Taylor
4031:Parfit
4026:Singer
4001:Mackie
3876:Cicero
3817:Virtue
3750:Rights
3675:Honour
3532:Jewish
3328:Sexual
3236:Animal
3218:Virtue
3162:Ethics
2544:Oxford
1972:Vacant
1791:
1757:
1747:
1715:
1697:Ethics
1639:
1629:
1587:
1478:
1470:
1337:
1270:
1262:
1165:
1155:
1094:
1000:
977:
947:
928:
909:
886:
859:
836:
813:
788:
649:, and
633:, the
599:Ewelme
546:greats
496:, and
470:. His
151:Thesis
124:et al.
95:Spouse
87:Ewelme
4308:Index
4070:Works
4041:Adams
4036:Nagel
3991:Dewey
3986:Rawls
3966:Barth
3961:Moore
3926:Hegel
3901:Xunzi
3856:Plato
3846:Laozi
3827:Wrong
3800:Japan
3790:Value
3785:Trust
3680:Ideal
3547:Stoic
3298:Media
3283:Legal
3120:Index
2154:Logic
2128:Turns
2000:1991
1909:. In
1858:(PDF)
1811:(PDF)
1777:(PDF)
1724:(PDF)
1713:S2CID
1693:(PDF)
1646:6 May
1637:S2CID
1596:(PDF)
1565:(PDF)
1541:9 May
1487:(PDF)
1476:S2CID
1448:(PDF)
1424:8 May
1394:8 May
1317:5 May
1279:(PDF)
1268:S2CID
1240:(PDF)
1177:8 May
1128:8 May
1032:Notes
901:Plato
106:(
102:
4021:Hare
3981:Foot
3941:Mill
3921:Kant
3916:Hume
3896:Mozi
3812:Vice
3730:Norm
3658:Evil
3653:Good
3613:Duty
3353:Meta
3276:Land
3203:Role
3188:Care
1833:link
1819:2023
1789:PMID
1755:OCLC
1745:ISBN
1675:2014
1648:2021
1627:ISBN
1585:ISSN
1569:Mind
1543:2019
1517:2016
1468:ISSN
1426:2019
1396:2019
1370:2016
1333:link
1319:2021
1260:ISSN
1219:2016
1179:2019
1163:OCLC
1153:ISBN
1130:2019
1103:2021
1092:ISSN
998:ISBN
975:ISBN
945:ISBN
926:ISBN
907:ISBN
884:ISBN
857:ISBN
834:ISBN
811:ISBN
786:OCLC
706:and
629:and
76:Died
50:Born
3822:Vow
3552:Tao
3246:Bio
1885:doi
1866:124
1705:doi
1619:doi
1577:doi
1460:doi
1307:doi
1252:doi
1054:ÉÉr
637:of
625:of
447:FBA
179:,
30:FBA
4637::
1937:.
1877:.
1864:.
1860:.
1829:}}
1825:{{
1783:.
1779:.
1753:.
1711:.
1701:98
1699:.
1695:.
1635:.
1625:.
1583:.
1573:80
1571:.
1567:.
1545:.
1534:.
1508:.
1474:.
1466:.
1456:14
1454:.
1450:.
1428:.
1417:.
1398:.
1361:.
1349:^
1329:}}
1325:{{
1299:.
1266:.
1258:.
1248:14
1246:.
1242:.
1227:^
1203:.
1187:^
1161:.
1147:.
1090:.
1086:.
973:.
874:;
809:.
653:.
645:,
571:.
552:.
492:,
108:m.
4361:e
4354:t
4347:v
3154:e
3147:t
3140:v
2313:)
2309:(
2070:e
2063:t
2056:v
1919:.
1893:.
1887::
1835:)
1821:.
1795:.
1785:4
1761:.
1707::
1677:.
1650:.
1621::
1579::
1519:.
1462::
1372:.
1335:)
1321:.
1309::
1254::
1221:.
1181:.
1132:.
1105:.
1061:.
1057:/
1051:h
1048:/
1006:.
983:.
953:.
934:.
915:.
892:.
865:.
842:.
819:.
792:.
62:)
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
