238:
406:
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600:
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58:
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953:
1398:
1502:
715:, modified the zoning system to add a fourth zoneβa remote zone, comprising seats with even fewer electors. Thus the conservative government was able to isolate Labor support in provincial cities and maximise its own rural power base. On average, the Country Party needed only 7,000 votes to win a seat, compared with 12,800 for a typical Labor seat.
676:. In a classic gerrymander, electoral boundaries are drawn to take advantage of known pockets of supporters and to isolate areas of opposition voters so as to maximise the number of seats for the government for a given number of votes and to cause opposition support to be "wasted" by concentrating their supporters in relatively fewer electorates.
691:
number of electors between zones. Thus an electorate in the remote zone might have as few as 5,000 electors, while a seat in the metropolitan zone might have as many as 25,000. Using this system the Labor government was able to maximise its vote, particularly in its power base of the provincial city zone.
690:
Initially
Queensland was divided into three zonesβthe metropolitan zone (Brisbane), the provincial cities zone (which also included rural areas around provincial cities) and the rural zone. While the number of electors in each seat in a zone was roughly equal, there was considerable variation in the
574:
In 1942 the plurality system was reintroduced. The Labor government then in power had seen its vote decline in the 1940s and sought to divide the opposition. In 1962, it was replaced with full preferential voting, as the governing conservatives wanted to take advantage of a split in Labor. In 1992,
706:
came to power, which, as discussed above, initially modified the voting system to introduce preferential voting, to take advantage of Labor's split. It also separated the provincial cities from their hinterlands. The hinterlands were added to the rural zone, where new
Country Party seats were
741:
was for the adoption of fair electoral systems around
Australia. Although the referendum did not succeed, it heightened public awareness of the issue. A large public interest non-partisan organisation, the Citizens for Democracy, lobbied extensively the Liberal and Labor parties to abolish the
757:
into police corruption, including the establishment of an
Electoral and Administrative Reform Commission (EARC). EARC recommended the abolition of the zonal system in favour of a "modified one vote, one value" system. Under this proposal, subsequently adopted, most electorates consisted of
758:
approximately the same number of electors, but with a greater tolerance for fewer electors allowed in a limited number of remote electorates. This plan is still in use today. Presently, 42 seats are contested in
Greater Brisbane and 47 in the rest of the state.
795:
style. The chamber once featured central tables which divided two rows of elevated benches on each side. The room is now configured in a U-shape away from the
Speaker's chair with three rows of benches that have their own desks and microphones.
557:
was produced. That year also saw member numbers increased to 32, and by 1868βas more redistributions occurredβthe number grew to 42. Members were not paid until 1886, effectively excluding the working class from state politics.
710:
As the divisions in the ALP abated in the early 1970s, and tensions in the conservative coalition grew, (thus reducing the advantage to be gained by the use of preferential voting), the conservative government, now led by
550:. It consisted of 26 members from 16 electorates, nearly half of whom were pastoralists or squatters. Early sessions dealt with issues of land, labour, railways, public works, immigration, education and gold discoveries.
729:
By the late 1980s the decline in the political fortunes of the
National Party, together with rapid growth in south east Queensland meant that the zonal system was no longer able to guarantee a conservative victory.
668:
era, Queensland used an electoral zoning system that was tweaked by the government of the day to maximise its own voter support at the expense of the opposition. It has been called a form of
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changes associated with mechanisation of farms and urbanisation which led to a drift of working class population from rural and remote electorates to the cities.
2231:
977:
1750:
578:
After 1912, electorates elected only a single member to the
Assembly. In 1922, the Legislative Council was abolished, with the help of members known as the
983:
2221:
1247:
2294:
2236:
1669:
1660:
137:
1743:
2156:
546:, its members appointed for life by the government of the day. The first sitting, in May 1860, was held in the old converted convict barracks in
17:
1277:
1272:
1766:
971:
629:
509:, successful amendments to the electoral act in early 2016 include: adding an additional four parliamentary seats from 89 to 93, changing from
466:
673:
2374:
2309:
738:
699:
745:
Despite the malapportionment, Labor was rarely able to garner a higher percentage of the vote than the
Coalition for most of this period.
2400:
571:
was used. This was introduced by a conservative government to hinder the emerging Labor Party from gaining seats with minority support.
1043:
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262:
195:
177:
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1070:
Armstrong, Lyn (1997), "'A somewhat rash experiment':Queensland
Parliament as a microcosm of society", in Shaw, Barry (ed.),
766:
30:
This article is about the sole chamber within Queensland's legislative structure. For the broader legislative structure, see
1202:
1130:
1116:
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this was changed to the optional preferential system which was used until full preferential voting was reinstated in 2016.
282:
206:
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was in effect during the 1970s and 1980s). The Assembly first sat in May 1860 and produced Australia's first
49:
2369:
2354:
2256:
2206:
880:
510:
303:
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1011:
791:. The building was completed in 1891. The lower house chamber is decorated dark green in the traditional
565:(plurality) system 1860 to 1892. From then until 1942 an unusual form of preferential voting called the
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62:
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gerrymander and to make it a major issue in the lead up to the landmark 1989 Queensland election.
2314:
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1301:
684:
582:, who were specially appointed to vote the chamber out of existence. This left Queensland with a
562:
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270:
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322:
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With the split in the party in the late 1950s the ALP lost office and a conservative
313:
1131:"Parliament and Government in Queensland: Information booklet for secondary schools"
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348:
92:
1186:
1100:
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1102:
Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and Territories
753:
In 1989 Labor won government, promising to implement the recommendations of the
687:
in 1949 used a series of electoral zones based on their distance from Brisbane.
719:
173:
1255:
1074:, Papers, vol. 15, Brisbane: Brisbane History Group Inc, pp. 54β55,
2394:
2076:
1099:
Wanna, John (2003). "Queensland". In Moon, Campbell; Sharman, Jeremy (eds.).
703:
202:
57:
1007:
494:
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The youngest person ever elected to Queensland's Legislative Assembly was
2266:
1105:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 93β94.
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144:
83:
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parliamentβcurrently the only Australian state with this arrangement.
2329:
1267:
531:
517:, and moving from unfixed three-year terms to fixed four-year terms.
1219:
554:
499:
1188:
The Ayes Have it: The History of Queensland Parliament 1957β1989
484:; however, that has not always been the case (in particular, a
431:
718:
The entrenchment of a Coalition government was also caused by
530:
Initially, the Legislative Assembly was the lower house of a
1765:
1256:
Parliaments of Australia β Federal, states and territories
473:
after their names since 2000 (previously they were styled
810:
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2020β2024
814:
As of 18 August 2024, the composition of Parliament is:
978:
Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
940:
47 votes as a majority is required to pass legislation.
733:
In addition, in 1988 the Federal Labor Government held
1140:. Parliament House, Brisbane. November 2022. p. 5
679:
The Queensland "gerrymander", first introduced by the
461:. Elections are held every four years and are done by
1036:"Electoral Law Ructions in the Queensland Parliament"
664:
From 1948 until the reforms following the end of the
589:
984:
Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
948:
480:There is approximately the same population in each
672:, however it is more accurately referred to as an
27:Chamber of the unicameral Parliament of Queensland
1184:
2392:
621:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
972:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
2150:
1751:
1241:
2375:Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal
783:The Queensland Legislative Assembly sits in
765:, former Minister for Natural Resources and
698:government led by the Country Party (later
2232:Department of Justice and Attorney-General
2157:
2143:
1758:
1744:
1248:
1234:
769:. In 1989, he entered parliament aged 21.
404:
56:
2164:
1069:
652:Learn how and when to remove this message
1065:
1063:
1061:
799:
1160:"Bligh calls early Queensland election"
14:
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2252:Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
2222:Department of the Premier and Cabinet
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819:
1191:. Canberra: ANU E Press. p. 9.
1152:
1119:from the original on 2 January 2016.
593:
2295:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
1205:from the original on 21 March 2018.
1178:
772:
561:The Assembly was elected under the
488:system - not, strictly speaking, a
24:
2401:Legislative Assembly of Queensland
1185:Wanna, John; Tracy Arklay (2010).
1087:
789:Brisbane central business district
590:Queensland's gerrymander 1948β1989
448:Legislative Assembly of Queensland
25:
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553:In April 1864, Australia's first
2416:1860 establishments in Australia
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1166:. News Limited. 22 February 2009
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181:since 13 February 2024
152:since 13 February 2018
2411:State lower houses in Australia
1042:. 21 April 2016. Archived from
748:
735:four constitutional referendums
18:Queensland Legislative Assembly
2360:Children's Court of Queensland
2320:Manager of Opposition Business
1123:
1028:
1001:
967:2020 Queensland state election
806:2020 Queensland state election
196:Manager of Opposition Business
13:
1:
1021:
534:parliament influenced by the
505:Following the outcome of the
413:Legislative Assembly Chamber,
210:since 14 March 2022
2370:Coroners Court of Queensland
2257:Queensland Ambulance Service
1661:Australian Capital Territory
1040:Antony Green's Election Blog
525:
511:optional preferential voting
469:, who have used the letters
7:
1072:Brisbane:Corridors of Power
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450:is the sole chamber of the
10:
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2380:Other courts and tribunals
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779:Parliament House, Brisbane
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674:electoral malapportionment
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459:Constitution of Queensland
416:Parliament House, Brisbane
63:Coat of Arms of Queensland
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2406:Parliament of Queensland
2310:Deputy Opposition Leader
1771:Parliament of Queensland
994:
767:Leader of the Opposition
607:This section includes a
515:full-preferential voting
463:full preferential voting
455:Parliament of Queensland
101:Parliament of Queensland
32:Parliament of Queensland
2237:Department of Education
636:more precise citations.
118:; 164 years ago
989:Politics of Queensland
465:. The Assembly has 93
457:established under the
367:27 April β 11 May 1860
2290:Members of Parliament
2166:Queensland Government
1220:Queensland Parliament
1138:Queensland Parliament
800:Distribution of seats
420:Queensland, Australia
355:Instant-runoff voting
2280:Legislative Assembly
1779:Legislative Assembly
1278:Internal Territories
683:(ALP) government of
43:Legislative Assembly
2300:Leader of the House
2285:Electoral districts
2227:Queensland Treasury
2086:Legislative Council
881:Katter's Australian
763:Lawrence Springborg
713:Joh Bjelke-Petersen
563:first-past-the-post
544:Legislative Council
304:Katter's Australian
1703:Northern Territory
755:Fitzgerald Inquiry
609:list of references
536:Westminster system
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2365:Magistrates Court
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2192:Executive Council
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1198:978-1-921666-30-8
959:Queensland portal
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832:(Total 93 Seats)
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773:Parliament House
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632:this section by
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666:Bjelke-Petersen
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613:related reading
603:
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568:contingent vote
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502:in April 1864.
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702:) under
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228:Seats
178:Labor
149:Labor
1193:ISBN
1172:2011
1146:2024
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