Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

929: 997: 1056: 682: 814: 1215: 2001: 1145:, Elizabeth's serene public behaviour was broken, exceptionally, when she rose from the royal car to strike an admirer with her umbrella because she had mistaken his enthusiasm for hostility. The 1948 royal tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed because of the King's declining health. In March 1949, he had a successful operation to improve the circulation in his right leg. In summer 1951, Elizabeth and her daughters fulfilled the King's public engagements in his place. In September, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. After a lung resection, he appeared to recover, but the delayed trip to Australia and New Zealand was altered so that Princess Elizabeth and her husband, the 1983: 1467: 276: 2010: 53: 1052:. Her visits initially provoked hostility; rubbish was thrown at her and the crowds jeered, in part because she wore expensive clothes that served to alienate her from people suffering the deprivations of war. She explained that if the public came to see her they would wear their best clothes, so she should reciprocate in kind; Norman Hartnell dressed her in gentle colours and avoided black to represent "the rainbow of hope". When Buckingham Palace itself took several hits during the height of the bombing, Elizabeth said, "I'm glad we've been bombed. It makes me feel I can look the East End in the face." 583: 401: 1617: 1992: 520: 6570: 1276: 1112: 737: 1340: 624:. The following month, Albert proposed again, but she refused him once more. Eventually in January 1923, Elizabeth agreed to marry Albert, despite her misgivings about royal life. Albert's freedom in choosing Elizabeth, not a member of a royal family, though the daughter of a peer, was considered a gesture in favour of political modernisation; previously, princes were expected to marry princesses from other royal families. They selected a platinum engagement ring featuring a 1449: 1414:, two days later on the Friday of that week, even though the Queen and the rest of the royal family were concerned about the journey the Queen Mother would face to get from Norfolk to Windsor; she was also rumoured to be hardly eating. Nevertheless, she flew to Windsor by helicopter, and so that no photographs of her in a wheelchair (which she hated being seen in) could be taken—she insisted that she be shielded from the press—she travelled to the service in a 601:. He initially proposed to Elizabeth in 1921, but she turned him down, being "afraid never, never again to be free to think, speak and act as I feel I really ought to". When he declared he would marry no other, Queen Mary visited Glamis to see for herself the girl who had stolen her son's heart. She became convinced that Elizabeth was "the one girl who could make Bertie happy", but refused to interfere. At the same time, Elizabeth was courted by 1655:

sang-froid and her absolute refusal to be shocked by this, which immediately silenced all the students. She knows instinctively what to do on those occasions. She doesn't rise to being heckled at all; she just pretends it must be an oversight on the part of the people doing it. The way she reacted not only showed her presence of mind, but was so charming and so disarming, even to the most rabid element, that she brought peace to troubled waters.

1294:. The British ambassador and his wife, Anthony and Sheila Parsons, noted how the Iranians were bemused by her habit of speaking to everyone regardless of status or importance, and hoped the Shah's entourage would learn from the visit to pay more attention to ordinary people. Between 1976 and 1984, she made annual summer visits to France, which were among 22 private trips to continental Europe between 1963 and 1992. 1167: 1804: 1641:

said Elizabeth was like "a wave breaking on a rock, because although she is sweet and pretty and charming, she also has a basic streak of toughness and tenacity. ... when a wave breaks on a rock, it showers and sparkles with a brilliant play of foam and droplets in the sun, yet beneath is really

774:

in 1927. She was, in her own words, "very miserable at leaving the baby". Their journey by sea took them via Jamaica, the Panama Canal and the Pacific; Elizabeth fretted constantly over her baby back in Britain, but their journey was a public relations success. She charmed the public in Fiji when, as

876:

Edward married Wallis Simpson, and they became the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, but while Edward was a Royal Highness, George VI withheld the style from Wallis, a decision that Elizabeth supported. Elizabeth was later quoted as referring to Wallis as "that woman", and Wallis referred to Elizabeth as

1596:

during the Second World War. This, however, was contradicted by the official records, and Eleanor Roosevelt during her wartime stay at Buckingham Palace reported expressly on the rationed food served in the Palace and the limited bathwater that was permitted. Claims that Elizabeth used racist slurs

1386:

On 1 August 2001, Elizabeth had a blood transfusion for anaemia after suffering from mild heat exhaustion, though she was well enough to make her traditional appearance outside Clarence House three days later to celebrate her 101st birthday. Her final public engagements included planting a cross at

1330:

had listed the sisters as dead, apparently because their mother, Fenella (Elizabeth's sister-in-law), "was 'extremely vague' when it came to filling in forms and might not have completed the paperwork for the family entry correctly". When Nerissa died in 1986, her grave was originally marked with a

924:

to describe George VI's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century". However, historians argue that the King only ever followed ministerial advice and acted as he was constitutionally bound to do.

555:

camp for the rest of the war. Glamis was turned into a convalescent home for wounded soldiers, which Elizabeth helped to run. She was particularly instrumental in organising the rescue of the castle's contents during a serious fire on 16 September 1916. One of the soldiers she treated wrote in her

1654:

As we arrived in a solemn procession the students pelted us with toilet rolls. They kept hold of one end, like streamers at a ball, and threw the other end. The Queen Mother stopped and picked these up as though somebody had misplaced them. 'Was this yours? Oh, could you take it?' And it was her

1182:

because the normal style for the widow of a king, "Queen Elizabeth", would have been too similar to the style of her elder daughter, Queen Elizabeth II. Popularly, she became the "Queen Mother" or the "Queen Mum". She was devastated by her husband's death and retired to Scotland. However, after a

1351:

In her later years, Elizabeth became known for her longevity. Her 90th birthday—4 August 1990—was celebrated by a parade on 27 June that involved many of the 300 organisations of which she was a patron. In 1995, she attended events commemorating the end of the war fifty years before, and had two

963:

said that Elizabeth was "perfect as a Queen, gracious, informed, saying the right thing & kind but a little self-consciously regal". The tour was designed to bolster trans-Atlantic support in the event of war, and to affirm Canada's status as an independent kingdom sharing with Britain the

1613:. They're all like us." However, she did distrust Germans; she told Wyatt, "Never trust them, never trust them." While she may have held such views, it has been argued that they were normal for British people of her generation and upbringing, who had experienced two vicious wars with Germany. 1409:

in a fall. Even so, she insisted on standing for the national anthem during the memorial service for her husband on 6 February the following year. Just three days later, their second daughter Princess Margaret died. On 13 February 2002, Elizabeth fell and cut her arm in her sitting room at

1906:

by Elizabeth II. Following her death, the Queen successfully applied to the High Court so that details of her mother's will would be kept secret. This brought criticism from Labour politicians and segments of the public, and the Queen eventually released the outlines of her mother's will.

1833:, Scotland. Supposedly, the liner started to slide into the water before Elizabeth could officially launch her, and acting sharply, she managed to smash a bottle of Australian red over the liner's bow just before it slid out of reach. In 1954, Elizabeth sailed to New York on her namesake. 1130:. Elizabeth's political views were rarely disclosed, but a letter she wrote in 1947 described Attlee's "high hopes of a socialist heaven on earth" as fading and presumably describes those who voted for him as "poor people, so many half-educated and bemused. I do love them." 1199:. Upon her return to the region in 1957, Elizabeth was inaugurated as the college's president, and attended other events that were deliberately designed to be multi-racial. During her daughter's extensive tour of the Commonwealth over 1953–54, Elizabeth acted as a 979:

or are you English?" She replied, "I am a Canadian!" Their reception by the Canadian and U.S. public was extremely enthusiastic, and largely dissipated any residual feeling that they were a lesser substitute for Edward VIII. Elizabeth told Canadian prime minister

1597:

to refer to black people were strongly denied by Major Colin Burgess, the husband of Elizabeth Burgess, a mixed-race secretary who accused members of Prince Charles's household of racial abuse. Elizabeth made no public comments on race, but according to

1902:, as is property passing from the consort of a former monarch to the current monarch, so a tax liability estimated at £28 million (40 percent of the value of the estate) was not incurred. The most important pieces of art were transferred to the 2761:

claims Elizabeth's biological mother was the family cook, Marguerite Rodiere, by means of a surrogacy arrangement that was not uncommon in aristocratic families at the time. This theory is dismissed by royal biographers such as Michael Thornton and

5332:"Proclamation Requesting that the People of Canada Set Aside April 9, 2002, as the Day on Which They Honour the Memory of Our Dearly Beloved Mother, Her Late Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, Who Passed Away on March 30, 2002" 4655: 1383:, accidentally attempted to drink her glass of wine. Her quick admonition of "That's mine!" caused widespread amusement. In November 2000, she broke her collarbone in a fall that kept her recuperating at home over Christmas and the New Year. 1098:

and the British public, had supported appeasement and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, believing after the experience of the First World War that war had to be avoided at all costs. After the resignation of Chamberlain, the King asked

1722:. This was the first satirical depiction on television; the makers initially demurred from featuring her, fearing that it would be considered off-limits by most of the viewing public. In the end, she was portrayed as a perpetually tipsy 1636:

portrays Elizabeth as a person whose indomitable optimism, zest for life, good manners, mischievous sense of humour, and interest in people and subjects of all kinds contributed to her exceptional popularity and to her longevity. Sir

775:

she was shaking hands with a long line of official guests, a stray dog walked in on the ceremony; she shook its paw as well. In New Zealand she fell ill with a cold and missed some engagements, but enjoyed the local fishing in the

388:. In her later years, she was a consistently popular member of the family, even at times when other royals were suffering from low levels of public approval. She continued an active public life until just a few months before 3213: 1257:

In February 1964, Elizabeth had an emergency appendectomy, which led to the postponement of a planned tour of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji until 1966. She recuperated during a Caribbean cruise aboard the royal yacht,

498:. She was educated at home by a governess until the age of eight, and was fond of field sports, ponies and dogs. When she started school in London, she astonished her teachers by precociously beginning an essay with two 3846:

Speech delivered by Her Majesty the Queen at the Fairmont Hotel, Vancouver, Monday, 7 October 2002 as reported in e.g. Joyce, Greg (8 October 2002) "Queen plays tribute to Canada, thanks citizens for their support",

1667:

at a gala, she mounted a staircase lined with guards. Noticing Coward's eyes flicker momentarily across the soldiers, she murmured to him: "I wouldn't if I were you, Noël; they count them before they put them out."

373:. During the war, her seemingly indomitable spirit provided moral support to the British public. After the war, her husband's health deteriorated, and she was widowed at the age of 51. Her elder daughter, aged 25, 1055: 2909: 1230:, on the north coast of Scotland, which she used to "get away from everything" for three weeks in August and ten days in October each year. She developed her interest in horse racing, particularly 1153:

in his sleep on 6 February 1952 while Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh were in Kenya on a Commonwealth tour, and with George's death his daughter immediately became Queen Elizabeth II.

1094:

is said to have called her "the most dangerous woman in Europe" because he viewed her popularity as a threat to German interests. However, before the war both she and her husband, like most of

556:

autograph book that she was to be "Hung, drawn, & quartered ... Hung in diamonds, drawn in a coach and four, and quartered in the best house in the land." On 5 November 1916, she was

1352:

operations: one to remove a cataract in her left eye, and one to replace her right hip. In 1998, her left hip was replaced after it was broken when she slipped and fell during a visit to

1238:

in 1949. She owned the winners of approximately 500 races. Although (contrary to rumour) she never placed bets, she did have the racing commentaries piped direct to her London residence,

1894:. By the end of the 1990s, her overdraft was said to be around £4 million. She left the bulk of her estate, estimated to be worth between £50 and £70 million, including paintings, 1671:

After being advised by a Conservative minister in the 1970s not to employ homosexuals, Elizabeth observed that without them, "we'd have to go self-service". On the fate of a gift of a

6034: 1561:

In London, more than a million people filled the area outside Westminster Abbey and along the 23-mile (37 km) route from central London to Elizabeth's final resting place in the

3421: 3204: 5183: 7019: 7207: 1916: 912:

was invited onto the balcony of Buckingham Palace with the King and Queen to receive acclamation from a crowd of well-wishers. While broadly popular among the general public,

8997: 346:, embodied traditional ideas of family and public service. The Duchess undertook a variety of public engagements and became known for her consistently cheerful countenance. 3964: 1851:

In March 2011, Elizabeth's eclectic musical taste was revealed when details of her small record collection kept at the Castle of Mey were made public. Her records included

1507:, an arrangement of camellias from her own gardens was placed on top. An estimated 200,000 people over three days filed past as she lay in state in Westminster Hall at the 3819: 1480:, Elizabeth died at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, at the age of 101. Her surviving daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, was by her side. The Queen Mother had been suffering from a 5117: 9042: 6876: 1485: 1290:

During her widowhood, Elizabeth continued to travel extensively, including on over forty official visits overseas. In 1975, she visited Iran at the invitation of Shah

8972: 1103:

to form a government. Although the King was initially suspicious of Churchill's character and motives, in due course the royal couple came to respect and admire him.

928: 9027: 6953: 3279: 1898:, jewellery, and horses, to her surviving daughter, Queen Elizabeth II. Under an agreement reached in 1993, property passing from monarch to monarch is exempt from 9122: 8076: 6941: 6935: 5439: 2376: 2317: 2262: 409: 254: 877:"Cookie", because of her supposed resemblance to a fat Scots cook. Claims that Elizabeth remained embittered towards Wallis were denied by her close friends; the 9002: 4363: 1090:

characterised Elizabeth as "an excessively ambitious young woman who would be ready to sacrifice every other country in the world so that she may remain Queen."

1026: 4386: 2900: 9047: 8987: 6999: 1134:

thought her "much more pro-Conservative" than other members of the royal family, but she later told him, "I like the dear old Labour Party." She also told the

748:

Albert had a stammer, which affected his ability to deliver speeches, and after October 1925, Elizabeth assisted in helping him through the therapy devised by

577: 331: 3568: 7041: 1438: 389: 6395: 4080: 1455: 956: 9052: 7296: 6125: 4898: 4463: 4052: 1272:. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1984 and a lump was removed from her breast. Her bouts with cancer were never made public during her lifetime. 8992: 8201: 7266: 551:, was reported missing in action on 28 April 1917. Three weeks later, the family discovered he had been captured after being wounded. He remained in a 889:

In summer 1938, a state visit to France by the King and Queen was postponed for three weeks because of the death of Elizabeth's mother. In two weeks,

512:. Her best subjects were literature and scripture. After returning to private education under a German Jewish governess, Käthe Kübler, she passed the 1797: 1609:

records in his diary that when he expressed the view that non-white countries have nothing in common with "us", she told him, "I am very keen on the

944:

from coast to coast and back, the first time a reigning monarch had toured Canada. They also visited the United States, spending time with President

17: 5948: 9127: 8982: 8977: 8284: 7470: 5083: 1359:

Elizabeth's 100th birthday was celebrated in a number of ways: a parade that celebrated the highlights of her life included contributions from Sir

429: 901:. The French press praised the demeanour and charm of the royal couple during the delayed but successful visit, augmented by Hartnell's wardrobe. 9037: 2749:

The hyphenated version of the surname was used in official documents at the time of her marriage, but the family itself tends to omit the hyphen.

8451: 7166: 6869: 1569:

that had lain atop her coffin was placed on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, in a gesture that echoed her wedding-day tribute 79 years before.

881:

wrote that she "never said anything nasty about the Duchess of Windsor, except to say she really hadn't got a clue what she was dealing with".

701:

government agreed that Albert and Elizabeth could tour East Africa from December 1924 to April 1925. The Labour government was defeated by the

275: 5346: 4298: 1183:

meeting with Prime Minister Winston Churchill, she broke her retirement and resumed her public duties. Eventually, she became just as busy as

9072: 8962: 7212: 6025: 3157: 2705: 1891: 617: 602: 5851: 1410:

Sandringham House; an ambulance and doctor were called, and the wound was dressed. She was still determined to attend Margaret's funeral at

9132: 9097: 9032: 8069: 4418: 613: 7923: 7187: 2174: 1845: 1675:

of champagne (20 bottles' worth) even if her family did not come for the holidays, she said, "I'll polish it off myself." Emine Saner of

1621: 35: 5174: 3054: 996: 8239: 2179: 1528: 1297:

In 1982, Elizabeth was rushed to hospital when a fish bone became stuck in her throat, and had an operation to remove it. Being a keen

9092: 8902: 8186: 7337: 7261: 7014: 6862: 6770: 3815: 2149: 1793: 1071:

Though the King and Queen spent the working day at Buckingham Palace, partly for security and family reasons they stayed at night at

866: 822: 548: 433: 374: 1968:

proper (Bowes). The shield is surmounted by the imperial crown, and supported by the crowned lion of England and a lion rampant per

7975: 7286: 1922: 437: 3597:

Bell, Peter (October 2002), "The Foreign Office and the 1939 Royal Visit to America: Courting the USA in an Era of Isolationism",

9102: 8277: 8176: 8062: 8000: 7271: 2710: 1029:

and the mobilisation of fighting-age men. Elizabeth publicly refused to leave London or send the children to Canada, even during

9107: 8967: 8759: 7851: 7691: 6971: 6929: 5547: 1037:

advised her to do so. She declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave the King. And the King will never leave."

350: 343: 229: 5108: 1187:

as she had been as queen consort. In July 1953, she undertook her first overseas visit since the funeral when she visited the

8562: 8318: 8313: 8249: 8085: 7009: 6518: 6490: 6469: 6448: 6375: 6357: 6336: 6275: 6248: 5748: 5673: 5646: 5532: 4166: 3778: 3648: 3552: 2960: 1899: 1489: 1411: 858: 621: 90: 4248: 8937: 8927: 8917: 8820: 7943: 7666: 7503: 7458: 7245: 7225: 6751: 6556: 3692:

Rhodes, Benjamin D. (April 1978), "The British Royal Visit of 1939 and the "Psychological Approach" to the United States",

1492:, exceeded that, dying at the age of 102 on 29 October 2004. She was one of the longest-lived members of any royal family. 1188: 1150: 1013: 706: 681: 312: 4681: 971:

According to an often-told story, during one of the earliest of the royal couple's repeated encounters with the crowds, a

9007: 8957: 8942: 8932: 8922: 8739: 8291: 8244: 7721: 7651: 7281: 6894: 6600: 6539: 2498: 1135: 830: 67: 5205: 985: 8444: 7636: 7417: 6947: 3893: 3663: 3453:

Letter from George VI to Winston Churchill in which the King says his family shared his view, quoted by Howarth, p. 143

1488:. She was the longest-living member of the British royal family at the time of her death. Her surviving sister-in-law, 1331:

plastic tag and a serial number. Elizabeth said that the news of their institutionalisation came as a surprise to her.

878: 1882:

Eight years before her death, Elizabeth had reportedly placed two-thirds of her money (an estimated £19 million) into

1484:

since Christmas 2001. At 101 years and 238 days old she was the first member of the British royal family to

1075:

about 20 miles (32 km) west of central London with their daughters. The palace had lost much of its staff to the

9137: 8871: 8654: 8191: 7836: 7616: 7528: 7291: 6565: 5897: 4270: 3743: 3094: 2983:

Civil Registration Indexes: Births, General Register Office, England and Wales. Jul–Sep 1900 Hitchin, vol. 3a, p. 667

1701:

she drank at 70 a week". Her lifestyle amused journalists, particularly when it was revealed she had a multi-million

1421:

On 5 March 2002, Elizabeth was present at the luncheon of the annual lawn party of the Eton Beagles, and watched the

813: 381: 1079:, and most of the rooms were shut. The windows were shattered by bomb blasts, and had to be boarded up. During the " 9057: 8845: 8196: 7871: 2140: 2087: 1555: 1524: 1317: 1171: 1146: 1095: 417: 6841: 8334: 7967: 7916: 7452: 7350: 7029: 6795: 2145: 1663:

was buried at sea, she said: "Dear Edwina, she always liked to make a splash." Accompanied by the gay writer Sir

1593: 1425:

on television; however, her health began to deteriorate precipitously during her last weeks, after retreating to

1309:

overnight but no operation was needed, and in May 1993, when she was admitted to the Infirmary for surgery under

9117: 9087: 9017: 8134: 7354: 7346: 6118: 2186: 1562: 1546:, issued a proclamation asking Canadians to honour Elizabeth's memory that day. In Australia, Governor-General 1214: 767: 758:. In 1926, the couple had their first child, Princess Elizabeth—"Lilibet" to the family—who would later become 288: 171: 4469: 9082: 9077: 8437: 7681: 7330: 6673: 1123: 846: 31: 9112: 8395: 8379: 7626: 6615: 2734: 2101: 1808: 455:, or in a horse-drawn ambulance on the way to a hospital. Other possible locations include Forbes House in 7398: 2924: 1982: 8674: 8420:

Princesses whose titles were removed due to loss of husband's eligibility or divorce are shown in italics

7147: 6552: 3833: 3811: 2124: 1642:

hard, tough rock, fused, in her case, from strong principles, physical courage and a sense of duty." Sir

1231: 1219: 981: 862: 590: 7393: 6175: 5954: 5393: 9012: 8952: 8947: 8744: 8541: 8339: 8181: 7909: 7846: 7716: 7611: 7388: 6805: 6432: 3394: 2556: 1539: 798: 480: 476: 443:

The location of Elizabeth's birth remains uncertain, but reputedly she was born either in her parents'

425: 264: 6561: 2000: 1466: 1040:

Elizabeth visited troops, hospitals, factories, and parts of Britain that were targeted by the German

1011:, the royal couple became symbols of the fight against fascism. Shortly after the declaration of war, 369:. She accompanied her husband on diplomatic tours to France and North America before the start of the 9067: 9062: 8704: 8689: 8400: 8255: 8095: 7774: 7217: 7036: 7004: 6663: 2618: 2408: 1886:, for the benefit of her great-grandchildren. In her lifetime, she received £643,000 a year from the 1837: 1565:

beside her husband and younger daughter in St George's Chapel. At her request, after her funeral the

941: 561: 460: 358: 7749: 7383: 5872: 5701: 4973: 2992:

1901 England Census, Class RG13, piece 1300, folio 170, p. 5; 1911 England Census, RG14/7611, no. 84

2875: 2009: 8521: 8361: 8344: 7826: 7789: 7323: 6902: 6631: 6059: 5331: 5279: 5231: 4306: 3526: 2592: 2097: 1380: 1321: 1306: 1301:, she calmly joked afterwards, "The salmon have got their own back." Similar incidents occurred at 917: 763: 472: 100: 7481: 6150: 5842: 4714: 3163: 2799: 408:

Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the youngest daughter and the ninth of ten children of

8218: 8043: 7024: 5779: 5062: 3343: 2948: 2650: 1697:

at 6 pm and two glasses of champagne at dinner, "a conservative estimate puts the number of

1610: 933: 702: 513: 483:

censuses. She was christened there on 23 September 1900, in the local parish church, All Saints.

58: 4424: 3798:

Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939

1264:. In December 1966, she underwent an operation to remove a tumour, after she was diagnosed with 582: 8373: 8026: 7631: 7315: 6690: 6543: 6213: 2811: 1616: 1368: 1196: 1577:

Known for her personal and public charm, Elizabeth was one of the most popular members of the

783:. On the return journey, via Mauritius, the Suez Canal, Malta and Gibraltar, their transport, 8171: 7841: 7779: 7606: 7589: 7476: 7276: 7128: 7088: 5255: 4129: 3522: 3050: 2530: 2472: 1938: 1926: 1780: 1741: 1672: 1508: 1291: 1142: 945: 893:

created an all-white trousseau for Elizabeth, who could not wear colours as she was still in

686: 468: 6825: 3374: 2823: 1251: 400: 52: 8912: 8907: 8511: 8460: 8234: 7856: 7711: 7513: 7464: 7096: 7072: 6741: 6717: 5569: 4048: 4000: 2108: 1789: 1732: 1647: 1578: 1532: 1392: 1388: 1208: 897:. The visit was designed to bolster Anglo-French solidarity in the face of aggression from 790:, caught fire and they prepared to abandon ship before the fire was brought under control. 754: 714: 540: 392:

at the age of 101, seven weeks after the death of her younger daughter, Princess Margaret.

385: 296: 5085:

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: Frailty fails to dim devotion to duty; Reaching old age.

721:, was assassinated three weeks later. Despite this, the tour went ahead, and they visited 8: 8649: 8118: 7831: 7754: 7701: 7646: 7621: 7558: 7543: 7533: 7493: 7442: 7437: 7301: 7112: 6710: 5923: 5817: 5634: 2758: 1823: 1762: 1598: 1396: 1310: 1200: 909: 730: 636: 609:, until he left the prince's service for a better-paid job in the American oil business. 508: 487: 421: 7412: 1087: 904:

Nevertheless, Nazi aggression continued, and the government prepared for war. After the

519: 9022: 8719: 7812: 7656: 7523: 7508: 7498: 7487: 7447: 7408: 7080: 6830: 6788: 6569: 6420: 6236: 3848: 3705: 3679: 3666:(August 1983), "FDR's Foreign Policy and the British Royal Visit to the U.S.A., 1939", 3622: 3614: 3379: 2828: 2816: 2804: 1991: 1934: 1713: 1694: 1660: 1547: 1326: 1017:

was conceived. Fifty authors and artists contributed to the book, which was fronted by

908:

of 1938 appeared to forestall the advent of armed conflict, the British prime minister

759: 641: 320: 30:"The Queen Mother" and "Elizabeth the Queen Mother" redirect here. For other uses, see 8429: 7403: 3260:

Letter from Elizabeth to Lady Strathmore, 1 November 1924, quoted in Shawcross, p. 217

841:. Just months into Edward's reign, the King's decision to marry the American divorcée 8629: 8592: 8587: 7959: 7676: 7661: 7553: 7538: 7239: 7232: 7120: 6983: 6965: 6727: 6605: 6514: 6506: 6486: 6465: 6457: 6444: 6371: 6353: 6332: 6271: 6244: 5744: 5669: 5642: 5528: 5461: 4682:"Nieces abandoned in state-run mental asylum and declared dead to avoid public shame" 4162: 3774: 3644: 3626: 3548: 2956: 2193: 2156: 2129: 1961: 1767: 1633: 1543: 1512: 1391:

on 8 November 2001; a reception at the Guildhall, London, for the reformation of the

1372: 1353: 1275: 1115: 1111: 1100: 1000: 960: 794: 784: 722: 698: 666: 650: 632: 536: 452: 448: 216: 72: 6533: 4549: 1499:

in each of her gardens, and before her flag-draped coffin was taken from Windsor to

639:

on her way into the abbey, in memory of her brother Fergus. Elizabeth became styled

8866: 8850: 8764: 8669: 8619: 8413: 7686: 7671: 7578: 7422: 6977: 6854: 6846: 6579: 6400: 6384: 5473: 5370: 4365:

Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother at the West of Kenya Show, Eldoret, Kenya Feb 1959

4085: 3895:

Past Royal Tours – Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (d. March 30, 2002)

3701: 3675: 3606: 3205:"Royal wedding: Kate Middleton's bridal bouquet placed at Grave of Unknown Warrior" 2133: 1949: 1903: 1841: 1625: 1582: 1504: 1422: 1192: 1049: 1008: 905: 850: 838: 834: 710: 694: 370: 327: 304: 6412: 5702:"Enigmatic and elusive, she lent a mystique to upper-class strengths and failings" 5148: 4788: 4096: 894: 861:

took place in Westminster Abbey on 12 May 1937, the date previously scheduled for

8749: 8684: 8659: 8572: 8054: 7932: 7769: 7726: 7518: 7432: 7427: 6959: 6655: 6548: 6199:

Chamberlain, Gethin (7 May 2002), "Queen to escape £28 million inheritance tax",

5305: 4921: 4710: 4508: 4242: 3793: 3768: 3610: 1965: 1302: 1034: 976: 890: 736: 654: 645: 552: 8825: 5574:

No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II

1025:. She also broadcast to the nation in an attempt to comfort families during the 8835: 8810: 8769: 8634: 8526: 8481: 7991: 7784: 7696: 7641: 7583: 7573: 7064: 6436: 6404: 6315: 6290: 5477: 4689: 4089: 2113: 1863: 1747: 1718: 1702: 1415: 1239: 1127: 1083:" the Queen was given revolver training because of fears of imminent invasion. 1072: 965: 842: 776: 670: 658: 544: 499: 362: 300: 6511:

Counting One's Blessings: Selected Letters of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother

6389: 5465: 5056: 4790:

Commemorative Bank Note for 100th Birthday of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother

3938: 1895: 1664: 1515:

and other branches of the armed forces stood guard at the four corners of the

1339: 709:

in November (which Elizabeth described as "marvellous" to her mother) and the

8896: 8840: 8729: 8694: 8664: 8582: 8577: 8496: 8491: 8367: 8150: 7876: 7706: 6898: 6270:, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press, p. 267, 5661: 5520: 4154: 4075: 3464: 3338: 2730: 1972: 1775: 1771: 1757: 1727: 1698: 1643: 1606: 1520: 1454:

The Queen Mother's funeral carriage. The coffin was draped with her personal

1360: 1344: 1259: 1247: 1242:, so she could follow the races. As an art collector, she purchased works by 1227: 1131: 1126:, Churchill's Conservative Party was soundly defeated by the Labour Party of 953: 780: 594: 532: 491: 366: 335: 6088: 6001: 5611: 5416: 5010: 4947: 4875: 4852: 4829: 3899: 8795: 8774: 8724: 8714: 8709: 8679: 8639: 8546: 8531: 8516: 8501: 8272: 8010: 7951: 7861: 7568: 7548: 6923: 6683: 6593: 6478: 6263: 5502: 5284: 4765: 4629: 3990:, Evans Bros., pp. 101–102, quoted in Shawcross, p. 526 and Vickers, p. 219 3242:

Letter from Albert to Queen Mary, 25 May 1923, quoted in Shawcross, p. 185.

2767: 2763: 2117: 2073: 2028: 1930: 1872: 1868: 1677: 1589: 1500: 1376: 1284: 1280: 1265: 1243: 1235: 1184: 1091: 1076: 1060: 1018: 898: 818: 749: 726: 598: 339: 224: 4388:

Visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, Kenya, Uganda, 1959

4276: 4130:"What Queen Mother really thought of Attlee's socialist 'heaven on earth'" 3728: 1316:

In 1987, Elizabeth was criticised when it emerged that two of her nieces,

8830: 8805: 8754: 8734: 8699: 8624: 8567: 8506: 8155: 7807: 7563: 6700: 5741:

You look awfully like the Queen: Wit and Wisdom from the House of Windsor

2092: 1820: 1737: 1638: 1426: 1204: 1166: 949: 913: 854: 528: 456: 444: 413: 354: 308: 157: 4656:"All About Nerissa and Katherine Bowes-Lyon, the Queen's Hidden Cousins" 1448: 8815: 8790: 8536: 8486: 6345: 3618: 1887: 1723: 1516: 1481: 1367:; her image appeared on a special commemorative £20 note issued by the 1364: 1080: 1003:(centre), King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London, 23 October 1942 921: 870: 802: 741: 244: 3347:, Adelaide: National Library of Australia, p. 9, 25 February 1927 1418:

with blacked-out windows, which had been previously used by Margaret.

7983: 6917: 6293:(1940), "Some of the Sixty-four Ancestors of Her Majesty the Queen", 5441:

Monarchy/Royal Family Trends – Most Liked Members of the Royal Family

1876: 1857: 1830: 1690: 1602: 1269: 1041: 1030: 1022: 718: 557: 185: 7901: 1268:. Contrary to rumours which subsequently spread, she did not have a 8644: 3770:

Royal Spring: The Royal Tour of 1939 and the Queen Mother in Canada

3079:

Ezard, John (1 April 2002), "A life of legend, duty and devotion",

1957: 1829:

was named after her. She launched the ship on 27 September 1938 in

1686: 1496: 1045: 972: 797:, was born at Glamis Castle in 1930. The couple initially lived at 771: 503: 495: 292: 1531:–mounted the guard as a mark of respect, an honour similar to the 1324:, in 1941 because they had severe learning disabilities. However, 733:, and Sudan, but Egypt was avoided because of political tensions. 5329: 2953:

Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, Revised edition

1946: 1659:

Elizabeth was well known for her dry witticisms. On hearing that

1551: 1298: 1178:

Shortly after George VI's death, Elizabeth began to be styled as

625: 606: 464: 239: 136: 7345: 1960:

flory-counter-flory of the second (Lyon); 2nd and 3rd quarters,

1195:

of the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland—the current

7601: 6847:

Articles and topics related to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

1942: 1883: 1812: 1706: 1566: 1406: 662: 565: 140: 5818:"Spitting Image creator John Lloyd: 'Television lacks satire'" 3641:

United States foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1941

3301:

Elizabeth's diary, 6 January 1927, quoted in Shawcross, p. 264

2770:

in 1997, Elizabeth's mother is said to have been a Welsh maid.

1917:

List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

1601:, in private she "abhorred racial discrimination" and decried 5598:

Behind Palace Doors: My Service as the Queen Mother's Equerry

3939:"Queen Elizabeth Speaks to The Nation as World War II Begins" 1953: 1064: 535:. Four of her brothers served in the army. Her elder brother 4299:"Elizabeth, Queen Consort, 1900–2002: A Mum for All Seasons" 2901:"Queen Mother was daughter of French cook, biography claims" 669:. They then went to Scotland, where she caught "unromantic" 7104: 5525:

War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy

3862: 3585:

It was the first visit by a reigning sovereign to Canada...

1969: 1752: 849:. Albert reluctantly became king of the United Kingdom and 6549:

Newspaper clippings about Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

6243:(Revised ed.), London: Frederick Warne, p. 220, 635:. Unexpectedly, Elizabeth laid her bouquet at the Tomb of 6954:

Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

5519: 5372:

Memorial Service for HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother

3966:

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother > Activities as Queen

1852: 1803: 1682: 1477: 8094:

The generations include wives of princes descended from

6936:

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

6462:

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: The Official Biography

6176:"Tax loophole will save Queen £20m on her mother's will" 5523:; Prince, Clive; Prior, Stephen; Brydon, Robert (2002), 2318:

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

2263:

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

1712:

Elizabeth's habits were parodied by the satirical 1980s

1118:

stamp celebrating the 1947 royal tour of Southern Africa

586:

Elizabeth and Albert on their wedding day, 26 April 1923

299:

from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of

255:

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

8459: 5950:'The King's Speech' leads the pack in BAFTA nominations 3898:, Government of Canada, 31 January 2017, archived from 3874: 2019:

Coat of arms of Elizabeth, Duchess of York (1923–1936)

436:, who was the elder brother of another prime minister, 428:. Her mother was descended from British prime minister 6053: 6051: 2729:

From the accession of her husband to the abolition of

1977: 1890:, and spent an estimated £1–2 million annually to run 1395:

on 15 November; and attending the re-commissioning of

1149:, went in the King and Queen's place in January 1952. 578:

Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

384:

in 1953, Elizabeth was viewed as the matriarch of the

5843:"'Spitting Image' fuses politics with puppetry, 1984" 3150: 1840:

was unveiled in front of the George VI Memorial, off

1439:

Death and funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

8998:

Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

6884: 6329:

My Darling Buffy: The Early Life of The Queen Mother

6151:"Palace reveals details of Queen Mother's £50m will" 5953:, CNN International, 18 January 2011, archived from 5548:

Rt. Hon. the Earl of Woolton C.H., P.C., D.L., LL.D.

5175:"Princess Alice, the oldest ever royal, dies at 102" 3821:

Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1893 to 1950

3031: 1646:

described her during a student demonstration at the

1592:, who falsely alleged that she did not abide by the 1405:

In December 2001, aged 101, Elizabeth fractured her

1021:'s portrait of Elizabeth and was sold in aid of the 833:

and his eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales, became

6320:

The Reluctant King: The Life and Reign of George VI

6144: 6142: 6048: 5898:"Who plays the Queen Mother in The Crown season 5?" 5639:

A Spirit Undaunted: The Political Role of George VI

2851: 1628:, overlooked by the statue of her husband George VI 1519:. At one point, her four grandsons–Prince Charles, 8084: 7267:Queen Elizabeth High School (Halifax, Nova Scotia) 6388: 6117: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6024: 5841: 5330:Government of Canada Publications (4 April 2002), 5173: 5107: 3203: 2899: 1211:. In February 1959, she visited Kenya and Uganda. 857:of George VI. Elizabeth became queen and empress. 9043:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) 7753:Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the 1798:BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role 988:frequently both on official tours and privately. 9028:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown 8894: 8285:Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 7297:Queen Elizabeth's Foundation for Disabled People 6139: 3766: 3281:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother> Royal tours 1925:(in either the English or the Scottish version) 1581:, and helped to stabilise the popularity of the 1538:On the day of Elizabeth's funeral, 9 April, the 1234:, which had been inspired by the amateur jockey 1226:Elizabeth oversaw the restoration of the remote 940:In May and June 1939, Elizabeth and her husband 845:caused a constitutional crisis that resulted in 612:In February 1922, Elizabeth was a bridesmaid at 475:, which was also given as her birthplace in the 430:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 342:. The couple and their daughters, Elizabeth and 9123:Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway) 7891:Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in 6076: 5976:Pride of the North Atlantic. A Maritime Trilogy 3999: 628:sapphire with two diamonds adorning its sides. 9003:Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 7168:Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor 6262: 6111: 6109: 5660: 5480:, retrieved 1 May 2009 (Subscription required) 5099: 4153: 3729:"Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit" 3545:Two Georges: the Making of the Modern Monarchy 3051:"The Earl and Countess of Forfar visit Forfar" 1855:, local folk, Scottish reels and the musicals 593:—"Bertie" to the family—was the second son of 9048:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru 8988:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India 8973:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 8445: 8070: 7917: 7331: 6870: 6562:Portraits of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 6235: 5641:, London: Little, Brown and Co, p. 296, 5576:, New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 380 5206:"The top 10 longest-living royals in history" 4054:HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 1900–2002 2706:Household of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 2215:Ancestors of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 1305:in August 1986, when she was hospitalised at 762:. Albert and Elizabeth, without their child, 27:Queen of the United Kingdom from 1936 to 1952 6399:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6344: 5633: 4084:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 1180:Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 527:On Elizabeth's fourteenth birthday, Britain 330:, Elizabeth came to prominence in 1923 when 7188:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial 6536:at the official website of the Royal Family 6198: 6106: 5734: 5732: 5280:"Grandsons hold vigil as public files past" 4709: 4600: 4598: 3969:, Official web site of the British monarchy 3284:, Official web site of the British monarchy 3159:Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon's Engagement Ring 2175:Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon 2025:Coat of arms of Queen Elizabeth (Scotland) 1910: 1846:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial 1622:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial 779:accompanied by Australian sports fisherman 36:Elizabeth the Queen Mother (disambiguation) 9053:Honorary companions of the Order of Canada 8452: 8438: 8240:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 8077: 8063: 7924: 7910: 7338: 7324: 6877: 6863: 6568: 5497: 5495: 3773:, Toronto: Dundurn Press, pp. 65–66, 3767:Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry (1989), 2808:(Supplement). 4 August 2000. p. 8617. 2737:. The title was abandoned on 22 June 1948. 2180:David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon 916:was the subject of some opposition in the 869:was made of platinum and was set with the 665:owned by the wealthy socialite and friend 349:In 1936, Elizabeth's husband unexpectedly 51: 8993:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John 8192:Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 8187:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 7262:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes 6771:Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order 6505: 6456: 6026:"The Queen Mother's regal taste in music" 5455: 5109:"Bell tolls for Margaret's final journey" 5058:BBC News bulletin after Queen Mother dies 4542: 4047: 3726: 2766:. In an earlier allegation, published by 2150:James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex 1794:Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress 1322:a psychiatric hospital in Redhill, Surrey 1059:The Queen and Princess Elizabeth talk to 486:Elizabeth spent much of her childhood at 434:Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley 174:, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 8135:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 8119:Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach 8106:for members of the British royal family. 7976:Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk 6824: 6419: 6314: 6115: 5989:RMS "Queen Elizabeth": The Ultimate Ship 5924:"King's Speech reigns over Bafta awards" 5729: 5666:The Journals of Woodrow Wyatt: Volume II 5171: 5042: 5040: 5038: 4974:"Queen Mother dies peacefully, aged 101" 4900:Pictures of the decade: the Royal family 4653: 4595: 4202: 4035: 3880: 3868: 3662: 3542: 3373: 3074: 3072: 2876:"A wicked twinkle and a streak of steel" 2822: 2810: 2798: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2184:Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley 1923:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom 1802: 1615: 1535:at the lying in state of King George V. 1338: 1274: 1213: 1165: 1110: 1054: 995: 927: 812: 752:, an episode portrayed in the 2010 film 735: 680: 631:The couple married on 26 April 1923, at 581: 518: 459:, the home of her maternal grandmother, 438:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 399: 9128:Residents of White Lodge, Richmond Park 8983:Chancellors of the University of London 8978:Chancellors of the University of Dundee 8278:Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife 8177:Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia 8098:, who formalised the use of the titles 8001:Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia 7272:Queen Elizabeth High School, Carmarthen 6691:President of the Royal College of Music 6477: 6431: 6396:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6383: 6365: 5738: 5595: 5568: 5492: 5470:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5032:Shawcross, p. 930; Vickers, pp. 497–498 5005: 5003: 4922:"Queen Mother celebrates ship's return" 4654:Vincenty, Samantha (23 November 2020). 4630:"Queen Mother recovers after operation" 4420:The Queen Elizabeth Castle Of Mey Trust 4335:Shawcross, pp. 686–688; Vickers, p. 324 4159:The Journals of Woodrow Wyatt: Volume I 4081:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3859:Shawcross, pp. 457–461; Vickers, p. 187 3792: 3201: 3162:, Vintage Royal Wedding, archived from 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2820:(Supplement). 5 August 2002. p. 1. 2711:List of covers of Time magazine (1930s) 1393:600 Squadron, Royal Auxiliary Air Force 467:, Hertfordshire, near the Strathmores' 332:she married Prince Albert, Duke of York 319:, to avoid confusion with her daughter 311:was dissolved on 15 August 1947. After 205: 14: 9038:Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava 8895: 6972:Rose Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville 6930:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon 6742:Chancellor of the University of Dundee 6718:Chancellor of the University of London 6326: 6289: 6173: 6089:"Queen Inherits Queen Mother's Estate" 5802: 5762: 5527:, Mainstream Publishing, p. 161, 5501: 5146: 5105: 4968: 4966: 4679: 4468:, The Royal Collection, archived from 4127: 3691: 3638: 3402:London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 3093: 3037: 2572: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2435:Elizabeth, Queen of the United Kingdom 2333: 2229: 2225: 932:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at 837:. Elizabeth's husband, Albert, became 657:, Elizabeth and Albert honeymooned at 285:Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon 230:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon 125:Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon 8433: 8345:Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz 8319:Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark 8250:Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont 8058: 7931: 7905: 7375:Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603 7319: 7287:Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn 6858: 6845: 6148: 6057: 5854:from the original on 10 December 2022 5803:Morgan, Christopher (14 March 1999), 5777: 5277: 5229: 5106:Davies, Caroline (16 February 2002), 5065:from the original on 14 November 2021 5035: 4268: 3547:, Hodder and Stoughton, p. 230, 3147:Roberts, pp. 57–58; Shawcross, p. 113 3078: 3069: 2873: 2740: 2648: 2638: 2634: 2622: 2616: 2606: 2590: 2580: 2576: 2560: 2554: 2544: 2528: 2518: 2514: 2502: 2496: 2486: 2470: 2460: 2456: 2432: 2422: 2406: 2396: 2392: 2380: 2374: 2364: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2321: 2315: 2305: 2292: 2282: 2278: 2266: 2260: 2250: 2237: 2233: 1815:of Queen Elizabeth and King George VI 1490:Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester 1191:with Princess Margaret. She laid the 201: 9073:Infectious disease deaths in England 8963:Queens consort of the United Kingdom 8821:Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon 7372:Royal consorts in England until 1603 7246:1990 Birthday Honours (Queen Mother) 6128:from the original on 10 January 2022 6037:from the original on 10 January 2022 5613:Royal secretary loses race bias case 5600:, John Blake Publishing, p. 233 5306:"Charles returns for second tribute" 5203: 5186:from the original on 10 January 2022 5172:Alderson, Andrew (31 October 2004), 5149:"The longest-lived Royal in history" 5120:from the original on 10 January 2022 5000: 4296: 3810: 3596: 3216:from the original on 10 January 2022 3057:from the original on 4 November 2021 2947: 2922: 2912:from the original on 10 January 2022 2860: 2856:, London: British Screen Productions 1844:, on 24 February 2009, creating the 1347:during a royal visit to Canada, 1989 1203:and looked after her grandchildren, 1189:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 361:in order to marry American divorcée 287:(4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was 9133:Victoria Medal of Honour recipients 9098:Members of the Order of New Zealand 9033:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 8461:Members of the Order of New Zealand 8292:Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia 8245:Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia 8182:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 7282:Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham 6895:Queen consort of the United Kingdom 6601:Queen consort of the United Kingdom 6060:"The gamble that foiled the taxman" 5418:Mourners visit Queen Mother's vault 5232:"Piper's farewell for Queen Mother" 5088:, The Birmingham Post, 1 April 2002 4963: 4877:Queen Mother attends memorial event 4074: 991: 914:Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler 649:. Following a wedding breakfast at 68:Queen consort of the United Kingdom 24: 7842:Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 6948:Mary Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone 6499: 6348:; Mortimer, Michael, eds. (2002), 5765:Elizabeth: The Woman and the Queen 5668:, London: Macmillan, p. 547, 5352:from the original on 14 April 2013 4949:Queen Mother 'better all the time' 4619:Shawcross, p. 878; Vickers, p. 449 4550:"Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother" 4161:, London: Macmillan, p. 255, 4005:King George VI: His Life and Reign 3800:, Toronto: E. P. Taylor Foundation 3706:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1978.tb00431.x 3680:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1983.tb01576.x 3566: 2008: 1999: 1990: 1981: 1836:A statue of Elizabeth by sculptor 1624:: A bronze statue of Elizabeth on 1412:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1371:; and she attended a lunch at the 975:veteran asked Elizabeth, "Are you 884: 693:After a successful royal visit to 676: 516:with distinction at age thirteen. 25: 9149: 7837:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 7811:British royal consorts after the 7292:Queen Elizabeth Scholarship Trust 7226:The Queen's Book of the Red Cross 6566:National Portrait Gallery, London 6527: 6003:Prince hails Queen Mother tribute 5147:Walker, Andrew (20 August 2003), 4903:, The Telegraph, 18 December 2009 4767:Birthday pageant for Queen Mother 3101:, London: Hutchinson, p. 167 2925:"Royal Muck: $ 27 Down The Drain" 2238:8. Thomas Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis 1921:Elizabeth's coat of arms was the 1726:soundalike. She was portrayed by 1106: 1014:The Queen's Book of the Red Cross 18:Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother 9093:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 8903:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 8801:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 8314:Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott 8219:Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 8197:Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel 6886:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 6534:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 6283: 6256: 6229: 6215:Queen Mother's will to be secret 6206: 6192: 6167: 6116:Alderson, Andrew (12 May 2002), 6017: 5994: 5987:Harvey, Clive (25 October 2008) 5981: 5968: 5941: 5916: 5890: 5865: 5834: 5810: 5796: 5771: 5756: 5720: 5711: 5694: 5681: 5654: 5627: 5604: 5589: 5580: 5562: 5553: 5540: 5513: 5483: 5432: 5409: 5386: 5375:, Sydney Anglicans, 9 April 2002 5363: 5323: 5298: 5271: 5248: 5223: 5197: 5165: 5140: 5131: 5076: 5049: 5026: 4991: 4940: 4914: 4891: 4868: 4845: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4781: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4715:"Princess the palace hides away" 4703: 4673: 4647: 4622: 4613: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4533: 4524: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4465:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 4456: 4447: 4438: 4411: 4402: 4379: 4356: 4251:from the original on 30 May 2018 4205:, p. 391; Shawcross, p. 618 4038:, p. 321; Shawcross, p. 516 3749:from the original on 3 July 2011 3573:The Historical Society of Ottawa 3462:Michie, Alan A. (17 March 1941) 2955:, London: Pimlico, p. 330, 2141:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 2088:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 2022:Coat of arms of Queen Elizabeth 1937:; the latter being: 1st and 4th 1689:at noon, red wine with lunch, a 1465: 1447: 1318:Nerissa and Katherine Bowes-Lyon 1172:Columbia University Bicentennial 808: 432:, and Governor-General of India 418:Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne 351:ascended the throne as George VI 317:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 274: 7852:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 7832:Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach 6796:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 6641:Title abandoned on 22 June 1948 6542:at the official website of the 6308: 6058:Bates, Stephen (2 April 2002), 5700:Bates, Stephen (1 April 2002), 5278:Bates, Stephen (9 April 2002), 5230:Bates, Stephen (3 April 2002), 5012:Queen Mother hurt in minor fall 4510:Queen Mother 'had colon cancer' 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4290: 4262: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4196: 4187: 4174: 4147: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4068: 4041: 4029: 4020: 4011: 3993: 3980: 3957: 3931: 3922: 3913: 3886: 3853: 3840: 3804: 3786: 3760: 3720: 3711: 3685: 3656: 3632: 3599:Journal of Contemporary History 3590: 3560: 3536: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3422:"The Queen Mother's Residences" 3414: 3387: 3383:. 22 August 1930. p. 5225. 3367: 3358: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3227: 3195: 3186: 3177: 3141: 3132: 3123: 3114: 3105: 3087: 3043: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2941: 2473:Lord Charles Cavendish-Bentinck 2146:Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor 1867:, and artists such as yodeller 1156: 984:, "that tour made us", and she 523:At a charity sale event in 1915 494:, the Earl's ancestral home in 197: 9103:Members of the Royal Red Cross 8273:Princess Victoria Mary of Teck 8086:British princesses by marriage 8011:Princess Victoria Mary of Teck 6149:Bates, Stephen (17 May 2002), 5726:Hogg and Mortimer, pp. 212–213 5444:, Ipsos MORI, 19 November 2012 4128:Pierce, Andrew (13 May 2006), 2916: 2892: 2845: 2836: 2792: 2783: 2723: 2187:Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones 1563:King George VI Memorial Chapel 1554:at a memorial service held in 1334: 1174:in New York City, October 1954 1141:During the 1947 royal tour of 853:on 11 December 1936 under the 793:The couple's second daughter, 543:, was killed in action at the 463:. Her birth was registered at 315:, she was officially known as 172:King George VI Memorial Chapel 13: 1: 9108:Nobility from Angus, Scotland 8968:British women in World War II 8235:Princess Alexandra of Denmark 8172:Duchess Caroline of Brunswick 6834:. 22 June 1948. p. 3647. 6674:The Baroness Hale of Richmond 6268:The Royal Heraldry of England 5778:Saner, Emine (25 July 2006), 5767:, Telegraph Books, p. 93 5743:, London, UK: HarperCollins, 5664:(1999), Curtis, Sarah (ed.), 5596:Burgess, Major Colin (2006), 4854:Queen Mother's 101st birthday 4680:MacKay, Neil (7 April 2002), 4157:(1998), Curtis, Sarah (ed.), 3736:Canadian Parliamentary Review 3053:. royal.gov.uk. 1 July 2019. 2923:Beck, Joan (5 October 1997), 2874:Moore, Lucy (31 March 2002), 2832:. 16 June 2003. p. 7439. 2777: 1588:Elizabeth's critics included 1556:St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney 1218:The Queen Mother arriving at 1124:1945 British general election 395: 160:, Windsor, Berkshire, England 32:Queen mother (disambiguation) 8335:Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen 7872:Philip of Greece and Denmark 7827:George of Denmark and Norway 7790:George of Denmark and Norway 6616:Philip of Greece and Denmark 6485:, Arrow Books/Random House, 6413:UK public library membership 6331:, Headline Book Publishing, 6266:; Pinches, Rosemary (1974), 6174:Wilson, Jamie (6 May 2002), 5395:Queues at Queen Mother vault 5339:Canada Gazette Part II Extra 5204:Coke, Hope (21 April 2021). 4831:Queen Mother leaves hospital 4097:UK public library membership 3824:. Queen's Printer for Canada 3812:King, William Lyon Mackenzie 3639:Rhodes, Benjamin D. (2001), 3611:10.1177/00220094020370040601 3477:Hogg and Mortimer, pp. 84–85 3395:"White Lodge, Richmond Park" 3202:Rayment, Sean (1 May 2011), 2852:British Screen News (1930), 2735:Indian Independence Act 1947 2102:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 1809:Queen Elizabeth Way Monument 1161: 7: 8938:21st-century British people 8928:20th-century British people 8918:19th-century British people 7944:Infanta Isabella of Castile 6656:The Earl Baldwin of Bewdley 6553:20th Century Press Archives 6483:Elizabeth, The Queen Mother 6427:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 6350:The Queen Mother Remembered 5974:Hutchings, David F. (2003) 5780:"Bring back the magic hour" 5472:, Oxford University Press, 4297:Iyer, Pico (8 April 2002), 4272:Elizabeth: The Queen Mother 4078:, "George VI (1895–1952)", 3834:Library and Archives Canada 3727:Galbraith, William (1989), 3468:, quoted by Vickers, p. 224 2699: 2206: 2125:Prince Andrew, Duke of York 1792:, who was nominated for an 1632:In his official biography, 1476:On 30 March 2002, at 15:15 982:William Lyon Mackenzie King 591:Prince Albert, Duke of York 571: 289:Queen of the United Kingdom 10: 9154: 9008:Daughters of British earls 8958:British women centenarians 8943:21st-century British women 8933:20th-century British women 8923:19th-century British women 8044:Duchess of York and Albany 7847:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 6942:Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck 5061:, YouTube, 30 March 2002, 4275:, CBC News, archived from 3943:British Pathé War Archives 3643:, Greenwood, p. 153, 2566: 2557:Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck 2499:Charles Cavendish-Bentinck 2450: 2327: 2227: 1914: 1540:governor-general of Canada 1436: 1170:As guest of honour at the 799:White Lodge, Richmond Park 575: 547:in 1915. Another brother, 426:Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck 265:Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck 29: 8859: 8783: 8690:Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan 8612: 8605: 8555: 8474: 8467: 8409: 8388: 8353: 8327: 8309:Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 8301: 8265: 8256:Princess Thyra of Denmark 8227: 8211: 8164: 8143: 8127: 8111: 8092: 8038: 8019:Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 7939: 7889: 7822: 7806: 7802: 7775:Henrietta Maria of France 7765: 7748: 7744: 7366: 7362: 7254: 7218:Piper to the Queen Mother 7200: 7178: 7159: 7140: 7057: 7050: 7037:1939 royal tour of Canada 7005:Abdication of Edward VIII 6992: 6910: 6892: 6852: 6821: 6812: 6802: 6793: 6785: 6777: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6748: 6739: 6734: 6724: 6715: 6707: 6697: 6688: 6680: 6670: 6664:Girton College, Cambridge 6660: 6652: 6647: 6629: 6612: 6598: 6585: 6578: 6366:Howarth, Patrick (1987), 5717:Hogg and Mortimer, p. 122 4326:Hogg and Mortimer, p. 161 4001:Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John 3986:Hartnell, Norman (1955), 2636: 2628: 2600: 2578: 2574: 2538: 2516: 2508: 2480: 2458: 2454: 2416: 2409:Henrietta Mildred Hodgson 2394: 2386: 2358: 2339: 2335: 2299: 2280: 2272: 2244: 2231: 2173: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1572: 562:Scottish Episcopal Church 270: 260: 250: 238: 215: 179: 164: 147: 121: 117: 106: 99: 89: 78: 66: 50: 45: 9138:Wives of British princes 7617:Ethelreda of Northumbria 6903:Empress consort of India 6632:Empress consort of India 5739:Blaikie, Thomas (2002), 4513:, BBC, 17 September 2009 4391:, Royal Collection Trust 4368:, Royal Collection Trust 4247:, BBC, 6 February 2002, 4193:Hogg and Mortimer, p. 89 3816:"The Royal Tour of 1939" 3543:Sinclair, David (1988), 3527:"Mourning will be brief" 2716: 2098:William, Prince of Wales 2037: 1911:Titles, honours and arms 1821:Cunard White Star Line's 1486:live past the age of 100 1432: 1381:Archbishop of Canterbury 1320:, had been committed to 1307:Aberdeen Royal Infirmary 863:Edward VIII's coronation 514:Oxford Local Examination 365:. Elizabeth then became 353:when his older brother, 303:. She was also the last 101:Empress consort of India 9058:Honorary air commodores 7992:Princess Mary of Modena 6390:"Elizabeth (1900–2002)" 6327:Forbes, Grania (1999), 6124:, The Daily Telegraph, 6120:The will without a bill 6006:, BBC, 24 February 2009 5763:Taylor, Graham (2002), 5708:; retrieved 1 May 2009. 5509:, New York: Time Warner 5466:"Elizabeth (1900–2002)" 5015:, BBC, 13 February 2002 4737:Shawcross, pp. 732, 882 3533:, retrieved 1 May 2009. 3364:Shawcross, pp. 294–296. 2651:Anne Caroline Salisbury 1138:, "I love communists." 801:, before moving to 145 321:Queen Elizabeth II 7632:Ermengarde de Beaumont 7384:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 6684:The Princess Elizabeth 6544:Royal Collection Trust 6405:10.1093/ref:odnb/76927 6370:, Century Hutchinson, 6295:Genealogist's Magazine 5616:, BBC, 7 December 2001 5586:Shawcross, pp. 556–557 5550:(1959) London: Cassell 5478:10.1093/ref:odnb/76927 4952:, BBC, 27 January 2002 4880:, BBC, 8 November 2001 4746:Shawcross, pp. 903–904 4583:Shawcross, pp. 827–831 4574:Shawcross, pp. 822–823 4444:Shawcross, pp. 703–704 4353:Shawcross, pp. 689–690 4344:Shawcross, pp. 710–713 4223:Shawcross, pp. 645–647 4214:Shawcross, pp. 637–640 4090:10.1093/ref:odnb/33370 4057:, The Churchill Centre 3569:"The 1939 Royal Visit" 3513:Shawcross, pp. 438–443 3504:Shawcross, pp. 434–436 3486:Shawcross, pp. 430–433 3426:Royal Collection Trust 3328:Shawcross, pp. 281–282 3310:Shawcross, pp. 266–296 3269:Shawcross, pp. 221–240 3251:Shawcross, pp. 218–219 3120:Shawcross, pp. 135–136 3111:Shawcross, pp. 133–135 2293:9. Charlotte Grimstead 2013: 2004: 1995: 1986: 1964:, three bows stringed 1816: 1774:(Seasons 3 and 4) and 1657: 1629: 1369:Royal Bank of Scotland 1348: 1287: 1223: 1197:University of Zimbabwe 1175: 1119: 1086:French prime minister 1068: 1027:evacuation of children 1004: 966:same person as monarch 937: 920:, which led historian 826: 764:travelled to Australia 745: 690: 587: 524: 405: 326:Born into a family of 9118:British queen mothers 9088:Ladies of the Thistle 9018:English anti-fascists 7780:Catherine of Braganza 7607:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir 7482:Isabella of Angoulême 7477:Berengaria of Navarre 7389:Æthelflæd of Damerham 7277:Queen Elizabeth House 6752:The Earl of Dalhousie 5570:Goodwin, Doris Kearns 4244:The day the King died 4049:Langworth, Richard M. 4007:, New York: Macmillan 3523:Hitchens, Christopher 2170:Divorced 11 July 1978 2012: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1806: 1681:suggests that with a 1652: 1619: 1594:rationing regulations 1509:Palace of Westminster 1342: 1292:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1278: 1236:Lord Mildmay of Flete 1222:Naval Yard, June 1961 1217: 1169: 1114: 1058: 999: 946:Franklin D. Roosevelt 931: 816: 739: 684: 585: 522: 473:St Paul's Walden Bury 469:English country house 403: 9083:Ladies of the Garter 9078:Jewellery collectors 7867:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 7857:Alexandra of Denmark 7712:Francis II of France 7514:Philippa of Hainault 7465:Eleanor of Aquitaine 7459:Geoffrey Plantagenet 7074:Bertie and Elizabeth 6815:Notes and references 6441:The House of Windsor 6264:Pinches, John Harvey 6237:Brooke-Little, J. P. 5850:, 6 September 2008, 5635:Rhodes James, Robert 5421:, BBC, 10 April 2002 5398:, CNN, 10 April 2002 5137:Vickers, pp. 498–499 5046:Vickers, pp. 497–498 4857:, BBC, 4 August 2001 4834:, BBC, 2 August 2001 4472:on 21 September 2012 4109:Vickers, pp. 210–211 3028:Shawcross, pp. 79–80 2109:Anne, Princess Royal 2060:Their grandchildren 1952:, armed and langued 1790:Helena Bonham Carter 1778:(Season 5 and 6) in 1733:Bertie and Elizabeth 1648:University of Dundee 1533:Vigil of the Princes 1429:for the final time. 1389:Field of Remembrance 1044:, in particular the 829:On 20 January 1936, 715:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 616:of Albert's sister, 541:Black Watch Regiment 539:, an officer in the 386:British royal family 375:became the new queen 334:, the second son of 307:from 1936 until the 297:British Commonwealth 204:; died 46:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 9113:People from Hitchin 8650:Frederick Turnovsky 8396:Catherine Middleton 7968:Lady Cecily Neville 7755:Union of the Crowns 7702:Madeleine of Valois 7692:Margaret of Denmark 7647:Margaret of England 7627:Maud of Northumbria 7622:Sybilla of Normandy 7559:Catherine of Aragon 7544:Elizabeth Woodville 7534:Catherine of Valois 7494:Eleanor of Provence 7453:Matilda of Boulogne 7443:Matilda of Scotland 7438:Matilda of Flanders 7114:Hyde Park on Hudson 7082:Wallis & Edward 7058:Film and television 6711:The Earl of Athlone 6701:The Prince of Wales 6443:, Cassell and Co., 6421:Longford, Elizabeth 5546:The memoirs of the 4770:, BBC, 19 July 2000 3953:– via YouTube 3902:on 16 February 2017 3871:, pp. 298–299. 2854:Our Smiling Duchess 2759:Lady Colin Campbell 2031:of Queen Elizabeth 1933:of her father, the 1811:in Toronto, with a 1800:for her portrayal. 1770:(Seasons 1 and 2), 1763:Hyde Park on Hudson 1599:Robert Rhodes James 1311:general anaesthetic 1201:counsellor of state 910:Neville Chamberlain 661:, a manor house in 637:the Unknown Warrior 422:Peerage of Scotland 382:death of Queen Mary 301:King George VI 110:11 December 1936 – 82:11 December 1936 – 8784:Additional members 8556:Additional members 8362:Lady Diana Spencer 7813:Acts of Union 1707 7657:Elizabeth de Burgh 7612:Margaret of Wessex 7524:Isabella of Valois 7509:Isabella of France 7504:Margaret of France 7499:Eleanor of Castile 7488:Blanche of Castile 7471:Margaret of France 7448:Adeliza of Louvain 7409:Sigrid the Haughty 7208:Titles and honours 6831:The London Gazette 6789:Sir Robert Menzies 6780:The Princess Royal 6590:Title last held by 6507:Shawcross, William 6458:Shawcross, William 6241:Boutell's Heraldry 5930:, 14 February 2011 4928:. 22 November 2000 4793:, Rampant Scotland 4605:"Queen of Quips", 4556:. 21 December 2015 4309:on 22 October 2010 4269:McCluskey, Peter, 4118:Shawcross, p. 412. 3849:The Canadian Press 3694:Diplomatic History 3380:The London Gazette 3166:on 31 October 2013 3099:Thatched with Gold 3010:Vickers, pp. 10–14 2842:Roberts, pp. 58–59 2829:The London Gazette 2817:The London Gazette 2805:The London Gazette 2014: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1956:, within a double 1935:Earl of Strathmore 1817: 1661:Edwina Mountbatten 1630: 1548:Peter Hollingworth 1349: 1288: 1252:Peter Carl Fabergé 1224: 1176: 1136:Duchess of Grafton 1120: 1116:Southern Rhodesian 1069: 1005: 986:returned to Canada 938: 827: 760:Queen Elizabeth II 746: 697:in July 1924, the 691: 642:Her Royal Highness 622:Viscount Lascelles 588: 525: 406: 336:King George V 9013:Duchesses of York 8953:British Anglicans 8948:Bowes-Lyon family 8890: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8705:Thaddeus McCarthy 8630:Te Atairangikaahu 8601: 8600: 8588:Silvia Cartwright 8427: 8426: 8380:Sophie Rhys-Jones 8340:Katharine Worsley 8202:The Princess Mary 8052: 8051: 8047: 7960:Philippa de Mohun 7952:Lady Joan Holland 7933:Duchesses of York 7899: 7898: 7885: 7884: 7798: 7797: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7734: 7677:Anabella Drummond 7667:Margaret Drummond 7662:Joan of the Tower 7554:Elizabeth of York 7539:Margaret of Anjou 7313: 7312: 7233:A Birthday Hansel 7196: 7195: 7149:The King's Speech 7122:A Royal Night Out 7098:The King's Speech 7042:Death and funeral 6984:Bowes-Lyon family 6966:Fergus Bowes-Lyon 6899:British Dominions 6840: 6839: 6836: 6817: 6803:Succeeded by 6778:Succeeded by 6749:Succeeded by 6728:The Princess Anne 6725:Succeeded by 6698:Succeeded by 6671:Succeeded by 6648:Academic offices 6625: 6613:Succeeded by 6606:British Dominions 6520:978-0-230-75496-6 6492:978-0-09-947662-7 6471:978-1-4050-4859-0 6450:978-0-304-35406-1 6411:(Subscription or 6385:Goldman, Lawrence 6377:978-0-09-171000-2 6359:978-0-563-36214-2 6338:978-0-7472-7387-5 6277:978-0-900455-25-4 6250:978-0-7232-2096-1 6218:, BBC, 8 May 2002 6033:, 14 March 2011, 5991:, Carmania Press. 5904:. 7 November 2022 5750:978-0-00-714874-5 5675:978-0-333-77405-2 5648:978-0-316-64765-6 5534:978-1-84018-631-4 5489:Shawcross, p. 942 5462:Goldman, Lawrence 4819:Shawcross, p. 925 4755:Shawcross, p. 912 4686:The Sunday Herald 4636:, 25 January 1999 4607:The Straits Times 4592:Shawcross, p. 835 4539:Shawcross, p. 875 4530:Shawcross, p. 817 4498:Shawcross, p. 807 4489:Shawcross, p. 806 4279:on 28 August 2013 4232:Shawcross, p. 651 4168:978-0-333-74166-5 4095:(Subscription or 4026:Shawcross, p. 528 3919:Shawcross, p. 515 3780:978-1-55002-065-6 3717:Shawcross, p. 479 3650:978-0-275-94825-2 3554:978-0-340-33240-5 3495:Shawcross, p. 430 3444:Shawcross, p. 397 3319:Shawcross, p. 277 3233:Shawcross, p. 168 3183:Shawcross, p. 177 3129:Shawcross, p. 136 2962:978-0-7126-7448-5 2908:, 31 March 2012, 2696: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2204: 2203: 2194:Lady Sarah Chatto 2157:Princess Margaret 2130:Princess Beatrice 2035: 2034: 1879:and Noël Coward. 1786:The King's Speech 1768:Victoria Hamilton 1634:William Shawcross 1544:Adrienne Clarkson 1513:Household Cavalry 1511:. Members of the 1373:Guildhall, London 1147:Duke of Edinburgh 1101:Winston Churchill 1001:Eleanor Roosevelt 961:Eleanor Roosevelt 934:Toronto City Hall 867:Elizabeth's crown 795:Princess Margaret 755:The King's Speech 667:Margaret Greville 653:prepared by chef 651:Buckingham Palace 633:Westminster Abbey 453:Grosvenor Gardens 449:Belgrave Mansions 424:), and his wife, 410:Claude Bowes-Lyon 404:Elizabeth in 1909 282: 281: 73:British Dominions 16:(Redirected from 9145: 9068:Indian empresses 9063:House of Windsor 8867:Shridath Ramphal 8860:Honorary members 8851:Catherine Tizard 8765:Doreen Blumhardt 8670:Manuhuia Bennett 8655:Richard Matthews 8620:Arnold Nordmeyer 8613:Ordinary members 8610: 8609: 8475:Ordinary members 8472: 8471: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8431: 8430: 8416:in her own right 8414:British princess 8079: 8072: 8065: 8056: 8055: 8040: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7903: 7902: 7804: 7803: 7746: 7745: 7687:Mary of Guelders 7672:Euphemia de Ross 7652:Yolande de Dreux 7590:Guildford Dudley 7579:Catherine Howard 7423:Emma of Normandy 7369: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7317: 7316: 7055: 7054: 6978:David Bowes-Lyon 6879: 6872: 6865: 6856: 6855: 6843: 6842: 6835: 6822: 6813: 6786:Preceded by 6759:Honorary titles 6708:Preceded by 6681:Preceded by 6653:Preceded by 6642: 6619: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6523: 6495: 6474: 6453: 6428: 6425:The Queen Mother 6416: 6408: 6392: 6380: 6362: 6341: 6323: 6303: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6260: 6254: 6253: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6146: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6123: 6113: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6085: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6055: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6028: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6011: 5998: 5992: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5845: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805:The Sunday Times 5800: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5736: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5709: 5698: 5692: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5593: 5587: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5499: 5490: 5487: 5481: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5351: 5336: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5144: 5138: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5111: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5033: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5007: 4998: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4970: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4713:(23 July 2000), 4711:Summerskill, Ben 4707: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4688:, archived from 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4602: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4554:The Royal Family 4546: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4427:on 25 April 2015 4423:, archived from 4415: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4305:, archived from 4294: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4092: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3997: 3991: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3851: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3814:(23 July 2022). 3808: 3802: 3801: 3794:Lanctot, Gustave 3790: 3784: 3783: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3748: 3733: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3540: 3534: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3019:Shawcross, p. 85 3017: 3011: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2974:Shawcross, p. 15 2972: 2966: 2965: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2903: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2858: 2857: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2738: 2727: 2352:10. Oswald Smith 2221: 2220: 2212: 2211: 2171: 2134:Princess Eugenie 2084:20 November 1947 2081:8 September 2022 2042: 2041: 1978: 1904:Royal Collection 1842:The Mall, London 1626:The Mall, London 1505:Westminster Hall 1469: 1451: 1423:Cheltenham Races 1402:on 22 November. 1254:, among others. 1193:foundation stone 1088:Édouard Daladier 1009:Second World War 992:Second World War 918:House of Commons 906:Munich Agreement 859:Their coronation 851:emperor of India 839:heir presumptive 835:King Edward VIII 817:Portrait by Sir 768:Parliament House 711:Governor-General 707:general election 695:Northern Ireland 687:Philip de László 488:St Paul's Walden 416:(later the 14th 371:Second World War 355:Edward VIII 328:British nobility 313:her husband died 305:Empress of India 278: 209: 207: 203: 199: 154: 133: 131: 113: 85: 55: 43: 42: 21: 9153: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9142: 8893: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8885: 8876: 8855: 8779: 8750:Alan MacDiarmid 8745:Thomas Williams 8685:Jack Somerville 8660:Douglas Lilburn 8597: 8573:Margaret Bazley 8551: 8463: 8458: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8405: 8389:11th generation 8384: 8354:10th generation 8349: 8323: 8297: 8261: 8223: 8207: 8160: 8139: 8123: 8107: 8088: 8083: 8053: 8048: 8034: 7935: 7930: 7900: 7895: 7881: 7818: 7794: 7770:Anne of Denmark 7761: 7736: 7731: 7727:Anne of Denmark 7637:Joan of England 7595: 7529:Joan of Navarre 7519:Anne of Bohemia 7433:Edith of Mercia 7428:Edith of Wessex 7404:Ælfgifu of York 7358: 7353: and 7344: 7314: 7309: 7304:Queen Elizabeth 7250: 7192: 7180: 7174: 7155: 7136: 7046: 6988: 6960:John Bowes-Lyon 6906: 6888: 6883: 6848: 6808: 6799: 6791: 6781: 6774: 6754: 6745: 6736:New institution 6730: 6721: 6713: 6703: 6694: 6686: 6676: 6667: 6658: 6640: 6635: 6618: 6609: 6603: 6591: 6580:British royalty 6540:Queen Elizabeth 6530: 6521: 6502: 6500:Further reading 6493: 6472: 6451: 6437:Fraser, Antonia 6433:Roberts, Andrew 6410: 6378: 6360: 6339: 6316:Bradford, Sarah 6311: 6306: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6234: 6230: 6221: 6219: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6193: 6184: 6182: 6172: 6168: 6159: 6157: 6147: 6140: 6131: 6129: 6114: 6107: 6098: 6096: 6087: 6086: 6077: 6068: 6066: 6056: 6049: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6009: 6007: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5986: 5982: 5973: 5969: 5960: 5958: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5882: 5880: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5857: 5855: 5848:Financial Times 5840: 5839: 5835: 5826: 5824: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5797: 5788: 5786: 5776: 5772: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5699: 5695: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5632: 5628: 5619: 5617: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5518: 5514: 5500: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5445: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5424: 5422: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5401: 5399: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5378: 5376: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5334: 5328: 5324: 5315: 5313: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5290: 5288: 5276: 5272: 5263: 5261: 5260:, UK Parliament 5254: 5253: 5249: 5240: 5238: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5202: 5198: 5189: 5187: 5170: 5166: 5157: 5155: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5123: 5121: 5104: 5100: 5091: 5089: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5009: 5008: 5001: 4997:Vickers, p. 495 4996: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4980:, 30 March 2002 4972: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4953: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4904: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4881: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4837: 4835: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4810:Vickers, p. 490 4809: 4805: 4796: 4794: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4652: 4648: 4639: 4637: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4609:, 7 August 2000 4604: 4603: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4514: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4475: 4473: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4453:Vickers, p. 458 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4430: 4428: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4408:Vickers, p. 314 4407: 4403: 4394: 4392: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4371: 4369: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4312: 4310: 4295: 4291: 4282: 4280: 4267: 4263: 4254: 4252: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4152: 4148: 4139: 4137: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4076:Matthew, H.C.G. 4073: 4069: 4060: 4058: 4051:(Spring 2002), 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4017:Vickers, p. 229 4016: 4012: 3998: 3994: 3988:Silver and Gold 3985: 3981: 3972: 3970: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3928:Vickers, p. 205 3927: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3903: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3845: 3841: 3827: 3825: 3809: 3805: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3731: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3690: 3686: 3664:Reynolds, David 3661: 3657: 3651: 3637: 3633: 3595: 3591: 3578: 3576: 3567:Powell, James. 3565: 3561: 3555: 3541: 3537: 3525:(1 April 2002) 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3430: 3428: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3406: 3404: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3350: 3348: 3339:"Royal anglers" 3337: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3138:Longford, p. 23 3137: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3092: 3088: 3077: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2946: 2942: 2933: 2931: 2929:Chicago Tribune 2921: 2917: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2861: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2797: 2793: 2789:Shawcross, p. 8 2788: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2741: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2702: 2697: 2209: 2199: 2185: 2169: 2168: 2164:9 February 2002 2148: 2132: 2116: 2100: 2040: 1919: 1913: 1900:inheritance tax 1826:Queen Elizabeth 1705:overdraft with 1605:as "dreadful". 1575: 1529:Viscount Linley 1495:Elizabeth grew 1474: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1441: 1435: 1337: 1327:Burke's Peerage 1164: 1159: 1109: 1035:British Cabinet 994: 891:Norman Hartnell 887: 885:Overseas visits 879:Duke of Grafton 825:is on the left. 811: 679: 677:Duchess of York 655:Gabriel Tschumi 646:Duchess of York 580: 574: 553:prisoner of war 398: 234: 211: 195: 191: 188: 175: 169: 156: 155:(aged 101) 152: 135: 129: 127: 126: 111: 84:6 February 1952 83: 70: 62: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9151: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8872:Bill Pickering 8869: 8863: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8836:Owen Woodhouse 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8811:Arthur Lydiard 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8772: 8770:Murray Halberg 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8720:James Fletcher 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8635:Edmund Hillary 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8614: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8593:Tipene O'Regan 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8527:Peter Gluckman 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8482:Kiri Te Kanawa 8478: 8476: 8469: 8465: 8464: 8457: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8434: 8425: 8424: 8410: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8374:Sarah Ferguson 8370: 8365: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8331: 8329: 8328:9th generation 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8305: 8303: 8302:8th generation 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8266:7th generation 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8231: 8229: 8228:6th generation 8225: 8224: 8222: 8221: 8215: 8213: 8212:5th generation 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8166: 8165:4th generation 8162: 8161: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8145: 8144:3rd generation 8141: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8131: 8129: 8128:2nd generation 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8113: 8112:1st generation 8109: 8108: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8082: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8050: 8049: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8027:Sarah Ferguson 8024: 8016: 8008: 7997: 7989: 7981: 7973: 7965: 7957: 7949: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7929: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7906: 7897: 7896: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7785:Mary of Modena 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7697:Margaret Tudor 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7642:Marie de Coucy 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7586: 7584:Catherine Parr 7581: 7576: 7574:Anne of Cleves 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7367: 7360: 7359: 7357:royal consorts 7343: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7210: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7184: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7126: 7118: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7066:Spitting Image 7061: 7059: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7007: 7002: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6882: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6838: 6837: 6819: 6818: 6810: 6809: 6806:The Lord Boyce 6804: 6801: 6792: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6747: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6723: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6696: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6669: 6659: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6637: 6627: 6626: 6614: 6611: 6597: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6574: 6573: 6559: 6546: 6537: 6529: 6528:External links 6526: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6475: 6470: 6454: 6449: 6429: 6417: 6381: 6376: 6363: 6358: 6342: 6337: 6324: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6282: 6276: 6255: 6249: 6228: 6205: 6191: 6166: 6138: 6105: 6075: 6047: 6016: 5993: 5980: 5967: 5940: 5915: 5889: 5879:, 23 June 2006 5873:"Dead ringers" 5864: 5833: 5809: 5795: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5693: 5680: 5674: 5662:Wyatt, Woodrow 5653: 5647: 5626: 5603: 5588: 5579: 5561: 5559:Roberts, p. 67 5552: 5539: 5533: 5521:Picknett, Lynn 5512: 5491: 5482: 5454: 5431: 5408: 5385: 5362: 5322: 5312:, 9 April 2002 5297: 5270: 5257:Lying-in-state 5247: 5222: 5196: 5164: 5139: 5130: 5098: 5075: 5048: 5034: 5025: 4999: 4990: 4962: 4939: 4913: 4890: 4867: 4844: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4780: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4702: 4692:on 22 May 2013 4672: 4646: 4621: 4612: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4410: 4401: 4378: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4289: 4261: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4195: 4186: 4173: 4167: 4155:Wyatt, Woodrow 4146: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4067: 4040: 4028: 4019: 4010: 3992: 3979: 3956: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3885: 3883:, p. 281. 3873: 3861: 3852: 3839: 3803: 3785: 3779: 3759: 3719: 3710: 3700:(2): 197–211, 3684: 3674:(4): 461–472, 3655: 3649: 3631: 3605:(4): 599–616, 3589: 3559: 3553: 3535: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3413: 3386: 3366: 3357: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3235: 3226: 3194: 3192:Vickers, p. 64 3185: 3176: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3113: 3104: 3095:Airlie, Mabell 3086: 3068: 3042: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3003: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2940: 2915: 2891: 2859: 2844: 2835: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2751: 2739: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619:Louisa Burnaby 2615: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2531:Anne Wellesley 2527: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2217: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200:Arthur Chatto 2196: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2165: 2162: 2161:21 August 1930 2159: 2153: 2152: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2114:Peter Phillips 2111: 2105: 2104: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057:Their children 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1915:Main article: 1912: 1909: 1864:The King and I 1838:Philip Jackson 1748:Natalie Dormer 1719:Spitting Image 1673:nebuchadnezzar 1574: 1571: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1458:, shown below. 1453: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1437:Main article: 1434: 1431: 1416:people carrier 1336: 1333: 1283:, portrait by 1240:Clarence House 1232:steeplechasing 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1151:George VI died 1128:Clement Attlee 1108: 1107:Post-war years 1105: 1073:Windsor Castle 1063:preparing for 1050:London's docks 993: 990: 886: 883: 847:his abdication 843:Wallis Simpson 810: 807: 777:Bay of Islands 678: 675: 671:whooping cough 659:Polesden Lacey 576:Main article: 573: 570: 545:Battle of Loos 397: 394: 363:Wallis Simpson 280: 279: 272: 268: 267: 262: 258: 257: 252: 248: 247: 242: 236: 235: 233: 232: 227: 221: 219: 213: 212: 193: 189: 184: 183: 181: 177: 176: 170: 166: 162: 161: 149: 145: 144: 123: 119: 118: 115: 114: 112:15 August 1947 108: 104: 103: 97: 96: 93: 87: 86: 80: 76: 75: 64: 63: 56: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9150: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8846:Prince Philip 8844: 8842: 8841:Brian Lochore 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8760:Jonathan Hunt 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8730:Cliff Whiting 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8695:Margaret Mahy 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8665:June Blundell 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8583:Malvina Major 8581: 8579: 8578:Peter Jackson 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8563:Michael Duffy 8561: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8497:Kenneth Keith 8495: 8493: 8492:Lloyd Geering 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8450: 8448: 8443: 8441: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8421: 8417: 8415: 8408: 8402: 8401:Meghan Markle 8399: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8369: 8368:Camilla Shand 8366: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8264: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8156:Anne Luttrell 8154: 8152: 8151:Maria Walpole 8149: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8126: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8110: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8087: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8060: 8057: 8046: 8045: 8037: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7922: 7920: 7915: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7894: 7888: 7878: 7877:Camilla Shand 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7743: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7722:James Hepburn 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7707:Mary of Guise 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7682:Joan Beaufort 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7334: 7329: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6904: 6901:(1936–1952), 6900: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6880: 6875: 6873: 6868: 6866: 6861: 6860: 6857: 6851: 6844: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6798: 6797: 6790: 6784: 6773: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6753: 6744: 6743: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6720: 6719: 6712: 6706: 6702: 6693: 6692: 6685: 6679: 6675: 6666: 6665: 6657: 6651: 6646: 6643: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6617: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6522: 6516: 6513:, Macmillan, 6512: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6494: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6479:Vickers, Hugo 6476: 6473: 6467: 6464:, Macmillan, 6463: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6391: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6352:, BBC Books, 6351: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6322:, St Martin's 6321: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6291:Wagner, A. R. 6286: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6252: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6217: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6181: 6177: 6170: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6143: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6112: 6110: 6095:, 17 May 2002 6094: 6090: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6052: 6036: 6032: 6031:The Telegraph 6027: 6020: 6005: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5978:, Waterfront. 5977: 5971: 5957:on 9 May 2021 5956: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5853: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5733: 5723: 5714: 5707: 5703: 5697: 5690: 5684: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5599: 5592: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5556: 5549: 5543: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5508: 5504: 5503:Kelley, Kitty 5498: 5496: 5486: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5443: 5442: 5435: 5420: 5419: 5412: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5274: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5180:The Telegraph 5176: 5168: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5134: 5119: 5115: 5114:The Telegraph 5110: 5102: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5052: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5029: 5014: 5013: 5006: 5004: 4994: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4902: 4901: 4894: 4879: 4878: 4871: 4856: 4855: 4848: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4769: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4616: 4608: 4601: 4599: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4512: 4511: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4426: 4422: 4421: 4414: 4405: 4390: 4389: 4382: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4265: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4204: 4203:Bradford 1989 4199: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4098: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4044: 4037: 4036:Bradford 1989 4032: 4023: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3989: 3983: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3945:, 16 May 2012 3944: 3940: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3881:Bradford 1989 3877: 3870: 3869:Bradford 1989 3865: 3856: 3850: 3843: 3835: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3789: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3763: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3714: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3586: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3465:Life Magazine 3459: 3450: 3441: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3370: 3361: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3334: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3298: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3215: 3211: 3210:The Telegraph 3206: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3082: 3075: 3073: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3040:, p. 74. 3039: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 3001:Vickers, p. 8 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2906:The Telegraph 2902: 2895: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2855: 2848: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2786: 2782: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2731:British India 2726: 2722: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2593:Edwyn Burnaby 2588: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2377:Frances Smith 2372: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2241: 2235: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2198:Samuel Chatto 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2078:21 April 1926 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2043: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:her household 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1776:Marcia Warren 1773: 1772:Marion Bailey 1769: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1758:Olivia Colman 1755: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1728:Juliet Aubrey 1725: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699:alcohol units 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1644:Peter Ustinov 1640: 1635: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1607:Woodrow Wyatt 1604: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Prince Edward 1522: 1521:Prince Andrew 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1468: 1457: 1450: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:Norman Wisdom 1357: 1355: 1346: 1345:Banting House 1341: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1248:Augustus John 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228:Castle of Mey 1221: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1173: 1168: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132:Woodrow Wyatt 1129: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1067:, 19 May 1944 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1002: 998: 989: 987: 983: 978: 974: 969: 967: 962: 959:. First Lady 958: 955: 954:Hudson Valley 951: 947: 943: 942:toured Canada 935: 930: 926: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 902: 900: 896: 892: 882: 880: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 831:George V died 824: 820: 815: 809:Queen consort 806: 804: 800: 796: 791: 789: 788: 782: 781:Harry Andreas 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 756: 751: 743: 738: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 703:Conservatives 700: 696: 688: 683: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 647: 643: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 618:Princess Mary 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 595:King George V 592: 584: 579: 569: 567: 563: 560:at St John's 559: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 521: 517: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 497: 493: 492:Glamis Castle 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 402: 393: 391: 387: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 367:queen consort 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 277: 273: 269: 266: 263: 259: 256: 253: 249: 246: 243: 241: 237: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 220: 218: 214: 187: 182: 178: 173: 167: 163: 159: 151:30 March 2002 150: 146: 142: 138: 134:4 August 1900 124: 120: 116: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 92: 88: 81: 77: 74: 69: 65: 60: 59:Richard Stone 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8826:Hugh Kāwharu 8800: 8796:Allen Curnow 8775:Ralph Hotere 8725:Ivan Lichter 8715:Miles Warren 8710:Roy McKenzie 8680:Whina Cooper 8640:Sonja Davies 8547:Anne Salmond 8532:Richie McCaw 8517:Albert Wendt 8502:Don McKinnon 8419: 8411: 8372: 8360: 8308: 8290: 8283: 8254: 8103: 8099: 8041: 8029: 8021: 8018: 8013: 8005: 7999: 7994: 7986: 7978: 7970: 7962: 7954: 7946: 7892: 7866: 7862:Mary of Teck 7810: 7752: 7717:Henry Stuart 7588: 7569:Jane Seymour 7549:Anne Neville 7486: 7469: 7457: 7303: 7238: 7231: 7224: 7167: 7148: 7129: 7121: 7113: 7105: 7097: 7089: 7081: 7073: 7065: 7020:Participants 6924:Elizabeth II 6885: 6829: 6814: 6794: 6769: 6764: 6740: 6735: 6716: 6689: 6661: 6639: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6599: 6594:Mary of Teck 6592: 6586: 6510: 6482: 6461: 6440: 6424: 6394: 6387:(May 2006). 6367: 6349: 6328: 6319: 6309:Bibliography 6298: 6294: 6285: 6267: 6258: 6240: 6231: 6220:, retrieved 6214: 6208: 6201:The Scotsman 6200: 6194: 6183:, retrieved 6180:The Guardian 6179: 6169: 6158:, retrieved 6155:The Guardian 6154: 6130:, retrieved 6119: 6097:, retrieved 6092: 6067:, retrieved 6064:The Guardian 6063: 6039:, retrieved 6030: 6019: 6008:, retrieved 6002: 5996: 5988: 5983: 5975: 5970: 5959:, retrieved 5955:the original 5949: 5943: 5932:, retrieved 5927: 5918: 5906:. Retrieved 5901: 5892: 5881:, retrieved 5877:The Guardian 5876: 5867: 5856:, retrieved 5847: 5836: 5825:, retrieved 5821: 5812: 5804: 5798: 5787:, retrieved 5784:The Guardian 5783: 5773: 5764: 5758: 5740: 5722: 5713: 5706:The Guardian 5705: 5696: 5688: 5683: 5665: 5656: 5638: 5629: 5618:, retrieved 5612: 5606: 5597: 5591: 5582: 5573: 5564: 5555: 5542: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5485: 5469: 5457: 5446:, retrieved 5440: 5434: 5423:, retrieved 5417: 5411: 5400:, retrieved 5394: 5388: 5377:, retrieved 5371: 5365: 5354:, retrieved 5342: 5338: 5325: 5314:, retrieved 5309: 5300: 5289:, retrieved 5285:The Guardian 5283: 5273: 5262:, retrieved 5256: 5250: 5239:, retrieved 5236:The Guardian 5235: 5225: 5213:. Retrieved 5209: 5199: 5188:, retrieved 5179: 5167: 5156:, retrieved 5152: 5142: 5133: 5124:22 September 5122:, retrieved 5113: 5101: 5090:, retrieved 5084: 5078: 5067:, retrieved 5057: 5051: 5028: 5017:, retrieved 5011: 4993: 4982:, retrieved 4978:The Guardian 4977: 4954:, retrieved 4948: 4942: 4930:. Retrieved 4925: 4916: 4907:15 September 4905:, retrieved 4899: 4893: 4884:15 September 4882:, retrieved 4876: 4870: 4859:, retrieved 4853: 4847: 4836:, retrieved 4830: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4795:, retrieved 4789: 4783: 4772:, retrieved 4766: 4760: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4722:, retrieved 4719:The Guardian 4718: 4705: 4694:, retrieved 4690:the original 4685: 4675: 4663:. Retrieved 4659: 4649: 4638:, retrieved 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4558:. Retrieved 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517:22 September 4515:, retrieved 4509: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4474:, retrieved 4470:the original 4464: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4429:, retrieved 4425:the original 4419: 4413: 4404: 4393:, retrieved 4387: 4381: 4370:, retrieved 4364: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4311:, retrieved 4307:the original 4302: 4292: 4281:, retrieved 4277:the original 4271: 4264: 4253:, retrieved 4243: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4198: 4189: 4181: 4176: 4158: 4149: 4138:, retrieved 4136:, London, UK 4133: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4079: 4070: 4059:, retrieved 4053: 4043: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3987: 3982: 3971:, retrieved 3965: 3959: 3947:, retrieved 3942: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3904:, retrieved 3900:the original 3894: 3888: 3876: 3864: 3855: 3842: 3832:– via 3826:. Retrieved 3820: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3769: 3762: 3751:, retrieved 3739: 3735: 3722: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3640: 3634: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3584: 3577:. Retrieved 3572: 3562: 3544: 3538: 3531:The Guardian 3530: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3463: 3458: 3449: 3440: 3429:, retrieved 3425: 3416: 3405:, retrieved 3401: 3389: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3349:, retrieved 3344:The Register 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3286:, retrieved 3280: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3218:, retrieved 3209: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3168:, retrieved 3164:the original 3158: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3107: 3098: 3089: 3083:, p. 18 3081:The Guardian 3080: 3059:. Retrieved 3045: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2952: 2949:Weir, Alison 2943: 2932:, retrieved 2928: 2918: 2905: 2894: 2883:, retrieved 2880:The Guardian 2879: 2853: 2847: 2838: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2794: 2785: 2768:Kitty Kelley 2764:Hugo Vickers 2754: 2725: 2434: 2118:Zara Tindall 2074:Elizabeth II 2029:Royal cypher 1931:canting arms 1920: 1896:Fabergé eggs 1881: 1873:Tony Hancock 1869:Montana Slim 1862: 1856: 1850: 1835: 1825: 1818: 1785: 1779: 1761: 1751: 1742: 1731: 1717: 1711: 1678:The Guardian 1676: 1670: 1658: 1653: 1631: 1611:Commonwealth 1590:Kitty Kelley 1587: 1585:as a whole. 1579:royal family 1576: 1560: 1537: 1501:lie in state 1494: 1475: 1420: 1404: 1398: 1385: 1377:George Carey 1358: 1350: 1325: 1315: 1296: 1289: 1285:Allan Warren 1281:Dover Castle 1266:colon cancer 1260: 1256: 1244:Claude Monet 1225: 1185:queen mother 1179: 1177: 1157:Queen mother 1143:South Africa 1140: 1121: 1092:Adolf Hitler 1085: 1070: 1061:paratroopers 1039: 1019:Cecil Beaton 1012: 1006: 970: 939: 903: 899:Nazi Germany 888: 875: 828: 819:Gerald Kelly 792: 786: 753: 750:Lionel Logue 747: 692: 685:Portrait by 640: 630: 611: 603:James Stuart 589: 529:declared war 526: 507: 485: 461:Louisa Scott 442: 407: 379: 348: 325: 316: 284: 283: 240:Noble family 225:Elizabeth II 168:9 April 2002 153:(2002-03-30) 57:Portrait by 40: 8913:2002 deaths 8908:1900 births 8831:Paul Reeves 8806:Janet Frame 8755:David Lange 8735:Ken Douglas 8700:Miriam Dell 8625:C. E. Beeby 8568:C. K. Stead 8542:Mason Durie 8512:Bob Charles 8507:Helen Clark 8030:(1986–1996) 8022:(1923–1936) 8014:(1893–1910) 8006:(1791–1820) 7995:(1673–1685) 7987:(1660–1671) 7979:(1478–1481) 7971:(1425–1460) 7963:(1402–1415) 7955:(1393–1402) 7947:(1372–1392) 7564:Anne Boleyn 7413:Świętosława 7179:Statues and 6905:(1936–1947) 6826:"No. 38330" 6662:Visitor of 6346:Hogg, James 5908:15 November 5464:(May 2006) 5356:16 February 4696:13 February 4660:Oprah Daily 4313:16 February 3906:16 February 3753:14 December 3431:29 November 3375:"No. 33636" 3351:1 September 3061:15 December 3038:Forbes 1999 2934:16 February 2824:"No. 56969" 2812:"No. 56653" 2800:"No. 55932" 2093:Charles III 1975:and Gules. 1738:Sylvia Syms 1665:Noël Coward 1639:Hugh Casson 1427:Royal Lodge 1375:, at which 1354:Sandringham 1335:Centenarian 1033:, when the 1007:During the 950:White House 855:regnal name 614:the wedding 605:, Albert's 502:words from 457:Ham, London 445:Westminster 414:Lord Glamis 309:British Raj 158:Royal Lodge 95:12 May 1937 8897:Categories 8816:Ann Ballin 8791:Guy Powles 8740:Mike Moore 8675:Henry Lang 8537:Joy Cowley 8522:Ron Carter 8487:Jim Bolger 7051:Depictions 7010:Coronation 6932:(daughter) 6926:(daughter) 6800:1978–2002 6775:1937–2002 6746:1967–1977 6722:1955–1981 6695:1953–1993 6668:1948–2002 6636:1936–1947 6622:as consort 6610:1936–1952 6415:required.) 5507:The Royals 4476:31 October 4099:required.) 3949:18 January 3742:(3): 7–8, 3579:31 October 2778:References 2167:6 May 1960 1888:Civil List 1813:bas-relief 1796:and won a 1724:Beryl Reid 1716:programme 1714:television 1517:catafalque 1482:chest cold 1365:John Mills 1096:Parliament 1081:Phoney War 922:John Grigg 871:Koh-i-Noor 803:Piccadilly 742:Queensland 599:Queen Mary 396:Early life 380:After the 340:Queen Mary 245:Bowes-Lyon 130:1900-08-04 91:Coronation 9023:George VI 8042:* titled 7984:Anne Hyde 7757:from 1603 7399:Ælfthryth 7213:Household 7181:memorials 7160:Portraits 7132:(2016–23) 7130:The Crown 7090:The Queen 7068:(1984–96) 6980:(brother) 6968:(brother) 6962:(brother) 6956:(brother) 6920:(husband) 6918:George VI 6765:New title 6368:George VI 6301:(1): 7–13 6239:(1978) , 5689:Volume II 5092:30 August 4932:4 January 4861:28 August 4838:28 August 4134:The Times 3668:Historian 3627:159572988 3220:20 August 1945:, a lion 1929:with the 1877:The Goons 1858:Oklahoma! 1831:Clydebank 1824:RMS 1781:The Crown 1743:The Queen 1603:apartheid 1550:read the 1497:camellias 1399:Ark Royal 1397:HMS 1356:stables. 1270:colostomy 1261:Britannia 1162:Widowhood 1042:Luftwaffe 1031:the Blitz 1023:Red Cross 873:diamond. 823:Her crown 785:HMS 719:Lee Stack 558:confirmed 390:her death 359:abdicated 293:Dominions 271:Signature 186:George VI 143:, England 8645:Jim Knox 8606:Deceased 8412:*also a 8104:princess 8096:George I 7418:Ealdgyth 7351:Scottish 7240:Rhapsody 6974:(sister) 6950:(sister) 6944:(mother) 6938:(father) 6897:and the 6604:and the 6509:(2012), 6481:(2006), 6460:(2009), 6435:(2000), 6423:(1981), 6318:(1989), 6126:archived 6093:BBC News 6035:archived 5928:BBC News 5852:archived 5822:BBC News 5789:24 March 5691:, p. 608 5637:(1998), 5572:(1995), 5505:(1977), 5347:archived 5310:BBC News 5215:4 August 5184:archived 5153:BBC News 5118:archived 5063:archived 4984:28 March 4926:BBC News 4665:17 April 4640:8 August 4634:BBC News 4395:1 August 4372:1 August 4249:archived 4182:Volume I 4003:(1958), 3796:(1964), 3744:archived 3575:. Ottawa 3407:30 March 3214:archived 3170:13 April 3097:(1962), 3055:Archived 2951:(1996), 2910:archived 2700:See also 2207:Ancestry 2054:Marriage 1966:paleways 1958:tressure 1939:quarters 1687:Dubonnet 1650:in 1968: 1583:monarchy 1456:standard 1363:and Sir 1303:Balmoral 1046:East End 973:Boer War 952:and his 895:mourning 772:Canberra 766:to open 572:Marriage 509:Anabasis 504:Xenophon 496:Scotland 447:home at 344:Margaret 291:and the 71:and the 8468:Current 7893:italics 7394:Ælfgifu 7355:British 7349:, 7347:English 7255:Eponyms 7201:Related 7025:Honours 7000:Wedding 6564:at the 6555:of the 6551:in the 6439:(ed.), 6041:6 March 6010:6 March 5902:Express 5687:Wyatt, 5379:2 March 5316:29 June 5291:29 June 5264:29 June 5190:30 June 5158:30 June 4431:6 March 4255:15 June 4180:Wyatt, 3828:10 June 3619:3180762 2733:by the 2068:Spouse 1947:rampant 1927:impaled 1784:and in 1695:martini 1205:Charles 1122:In the 948:at the 626:Kashmir 607:equerry 549:Michael 533:Germany 490:and at 465:Hitchin 420:in the 295:of the 210: 194: 190: 137:Hitchin 8100:prince 7602:Gruoch 7170:(1950) 7151:(2012) 7124:(2015) 7116:(2012) 7108:(2011) 7100:(2010) 7092:(2006) 7084:(2005) 7076:(2002) 6993:Events 6911:Family 6587:Vacant 6517: 6489: 6468: 6447: 6409: 6374: 6356: 6335: 6274: 6247: 6222:2 June 6185:2 June 6160:2 June 6132:2 June 6069:2 June 5961:1 July 5934:1 July 5883:4 July 5858:4 July 5827:1 July 5747: 5672: 5645: 5531: 5210:Tatler 4560:28 May 4184:p. 309 4165: 4093: 3777: 3647: 3625: 3617: 3551: 2959: 1962:Ermine 1943:Argent 1884:trusts 1709:Bank. 1707:Coutts 1573:Legacy 1567:wreath 1552:lesson 1407:pelvis 1379:, the 1299:angler 1220:Walker 957:estate 936:, 1939 787:Renown 744:, 1927 731:Uganda 717:, Sir 699:Labour 689:, 1925 663:Surrey 566:Forfar 537:Fergus 261:Mother 251:Father 200: 180:Spouse 165:Burial 141:London 107:Tenure 79:Tenure 61:, 1986 7141:Stage 7030:Medal 7015:Crown 6099:1 May 5620:1 May 5448:9 May 5425:1 May 5402:1 May 5350:(PDF) 5345:(5), 5335:(PDF) 5241:1 May 5069:1 May 5019:1 May 4956:1 May 4797:1 May 4774:1 May 4724:1 May 4283:1 May 4140:1 May 4061:1 May 3973:1 May 3747:(PDF) 3732:(PDF) 3623:S2CID 3615:JSTOR 3398:(PDF) 3288:1 May 2885:1 May 2717:Notes 2051:Death 2048:Birth 2038:Issue 1954:Gules 1950:Azure 1703:pound 1433:Death 1065:D-Day 1048:near 977:Scots 727:Kenya 705:in a 620:, to 500:Greek 217:Issue 208:) 196:( 192: 8102:and 7302:RMS 7106:W.E. 6515:ISBN 6487:ISBN 6466:ISBN 6445:ISBN 6372:ISBN 6354:ISBN 6333:ISBN 6272:ISBN 6245:ISBN 6224:2018 6187:2018 6162:2018 6134:2018 6101:2009 6071:2018 6043:2013 6012:2013 5963:2017 5936:2017 5910:2022 5885:2018 5860:2018 5829:2017 5791:2011 5745:ISBN 5670:ISBN 5643:ISBN 5622:2009 5529:ISBN 5450:2015 5427:2009 5404:2009 5381:2011 5358:2017 5318:2017 5293:2017 5266:2017 5243:2009 5217:2021 5192:2017 5160:2017 5126:2013 5094:2013 5071:2009 5021:2009 4986:2019 4958:2009 4934:2021 4909:2013 4886:2013 4863:2013 4840:2013 4799:2009 4776:2009 4726:2009 4698:2007 4667:2021 4642:2013 4562:2021 4519:2009 4478:2009 4433:2013 4397:2018 4374:2018 4315:2017 4303:Time 4285:2009 4257:2022 4163:ISBN 4142:2009 4063:2010 3975:2009 3951:2023 3908:2017 3830:2023 3775:ISBN 3755:2009 3645:ISBN 3581:2021 3549:ISBN 3433:2022 3409:2023 3353:2012 3290:2009 3222:2012 3172:2014 3063:2021 2957:ISBN 2936:2017 2887:2009 2649:15. 2591:14. 2529:13. 2471:12. 2407:11. 2065:Date 2045:Name 1970:fess 1861:and 1819:The 1807:The 1753:W.E. 1693:and 1691:port 1685:and 1620:The 1527:and 1387:the 1250:and 1209:Anne 1207:and 1077:army 723:Aden 644:The 597:and 481:1911 479:and 477:1901 338:and 206:1952 202:1923 148:Died 122:Born 34:and 6823:1. 6557:ZBW 6401:doi 5474:doi 5343:136 4086:doi 3702:doi 3676:doi 3607:doi 2617:7. 2555:3. 2497:6. 2433:1. 2375:5. 2316:2. 2261:4. 1853:ska 1788:by 1760:in 1750:in 1740:in 1730:in 1683:gin 1503:at 1478:GMT 1343:At 1279:At 770:in 740:In 713:of 564:in 531:on 506:'s 139:or 8899:: 8004:* 6828:. 6393:. 6297:, 6178:, 6153:, 6141:^ 6108:^ 6091:, 6078:^ 6062:, 6050:^ 6029:, 5926:, 5900:. 5875:, 5846:, 5820:, 5782:, 5731:^ 5704:, 5494:^ 5468:, 5341:, 5337:, 5308:, 5282:, 5234:, 5208:. 5182:, 5178:, 5151:, 5116:, 5112:, 5037:^ 5002:^ 4976:, 4965:^ 4924:. 4717:, 4684:, 4658:. 4632:, 4597:^ 4552:. 4301:, 4132:, 3941:, 3818:. 3740:12 3738:, 3734:, 3696:, 3672:45 3670:, 3621:, 3613:, 3603:37 3601:, 3583:. 3571:. 3529:, 3424:, 3400:, 3377:. 3341:, 3212:, 3208:, 3071:^ 2927:, 2904:, 2878:, 2862:^ 2826:. 2814:. 2802:. 2742:^ 1973:Or 1941:, 1875:, 1871:, 1848:. 1766:, 1756:, 1746:, 1736:, 1558:. 1542:, 1523:, 1313:. 1246:, 968:. 865:. 821:. 805:. 729:, 725:, 673:. 568:. 471:, 451:, 440:. 412:, 377:. 357:, 323:. 198:m. 8453:e 8446:t 8439:v 8422:. 8280:* 8204:* 8078:e 8071:t 8064:v 7925:e 7918:t 7911:v 7411:/ 7339:e 7332:t 7325:v 6878:e 6871:t 6864:v 6407:. 6403:: 6299:9 5912:. 5476:: 5219:. 4936:. 4669:. 4564:. 4088:: 3836:. 3704:: 3698:2 3678:: 3609:: 3065:. 132:) 128:( 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.