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81:
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to the roll-out of Python 3, projects requiring compatibility with both the 2.x and 3.x series were recommended to have one source (for the 2.x series), and produce releases for the Python 3.x platform using 2to3. Edits to the Python 3.x code were discouraged for so long as the code needed to run on Python 2.x. This is no longer recommended; as of 2012 the preferred approach was to create a single code base that can run under both Python 2 and 3 using compatibility modules.
89:
73:
38:
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26, 2009. Parallel 2.x and 3.x releases then ceased, and Python 2.7 was the last release in the 2.x series. In
November 2014, it was announced that Python 2.7 would be supported until 2020, but users were encouraged to move to Python 3 as soon as possible. Python 2.7 support ended on January 1, 2020, along with
489:
Python 3.0 (also called "Python 3000" or "Py3K") was released on
December 3, 2008. It was designed to rectify fundamental design flaws in the language – the changes required could not be implemented while retaining full backwards compatibility with the 2.x series, which necessitated a
472:
Python 2.6 was released to coincide with Python 3.0, and included some features from that release, as well as a "warnings" mode that highlighted the use of features that were removed in Python 3.0. Similarly, Python 2.7 coincided with and included features from Python 3.1, which was released on June
533:
from Python 2.x to Python 3.0 very difficult. A tool called "2to3" does the parts of translation that can be done automatically. At this, 2to3 appeared to be fairly successful, though an early review noted that there were aspects of translation that such a tool would never be able to handle. Prior
305:
During Van Rossum's stay at CNRI, he launched the
Computer Programming for Everybody (CP4E) initiative, intending to make programming more accessible to more people, with a basic "literacy" in programming languages, similar to the basic English literacy and mathematics skills required by most
318:
In 2000, the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. CNRI requested that a version 1.6 be released, summarizing Python's development up to the point at which the development team left CNRI. Consequently, the release schedules for 1.6 and 2.0 had a
493:
Python 3.0 was developed with the same philosophy as in prior versions. However, as Python had accumulated new and redundant ways to program the same task, Python 3.0 had an emphasis on removing duplicative constructs and modules, in keeping with the
430:
306:
employers. Python served a central role in this: because of its focus on clean syntax, it was already suitable, and CP4E's goals bore similarities to its predecessor, ABC. The project was funded by
2310:
Much as Python 2.6 incorporated features from Python 3.0, version 2.7 incorporates some of the new features in Python 3.1. The 2.x series continues to provide tools for migrating to the 3.x series.
310:. As of 2007, the CP4E project is inactive, and while Python attempts to be easily learnable and not too arcane in its syntax and semantics, outreach to non-programmers is not an active concern.
3278:
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significant amount of overlap. Python 2.0 was the only release from BeOpen.com. After Python 2.0 was released by BeOpen.com, Guido van Rossum and the other PythonLabs developers joined
1653:
133:. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community,
2358:
404:) and classes (types written in Python) into one hierarchy. This single unification made Python's object model purely and consistently object oriented. Also added were
1974:
686:
Subsequent releases in the Python 3.x series have included additional, substantial new features; all ongoing development of the language is done in the 3.x series.
1440:
554:, not a statement. This made it easier to change a module to use a different print function, as well as making the syntax more regular. In Python 2.6 and 2.7
172:
Python 3.0, a major, backwards-incompatible release, was released on
December 3, 2008 after a long period of testing. Many of its major features have also been
1569:
517:
programming paradigms, among others, but within such broad choices, the details were intended to be more obvious in Python 3.0 than they were in Python 2.x.
346:
that would make it GPL-compatible. Python 1.6.1 is essentially the same as Python 1.6, with a few minor bug fixes, and with the new GPL-compatible license.
212:; Van Rossum describes the module as "one of Python's major programming units". Python's exception model also resembles Modula-3's, with the addition of an
477:
of 2.7 development branch. A final release, 2.7.18, occurred on April 20, 2020, and included fixes for critical bugs and release blockers. This marked the
1540:
2021:
3270:
3207:
3076:
1838:
1426:
Official support ended on 2020-01-01, but a final release of the code as it appeared on 2020-01-01 was released on 2020-04-20 as version 2.7.18.
1808:
1683:
1622:
374:
characters and Python's preference for alphabetic keywords. Python 2.0 also introduced a garbage collector able to collect reference cycles.
268:
2486:
1645:
184:
In
February 1991, Van Rossum published the code (labeled version 0.9.0) to alt.sources. Already present at this stage in development were
2540:
663:. (In both Python 2 – 2.2 onwards – and Python 3, a separate operator exists to provide the old behavior:
2615:
2645:
2232:
1596:
2137:
1865:
490:
new major version number. The guiding principle of Python 3 was: "reduce feature duplication by removing old ways of doing things".
185:
2297:
232:
Python reached version 1.0 in
January 1994. The major new features included in this release were the functional programming tools
3659:
2350:
466:
267:
The last version released while Van Rossum was at CWI was Python 1.2. In 1995, Van Rossum continued his work on Python at the
154:
2517:
2390:
2202:
2114:
1750:
169:, along with a change to the development process itself, with a shift to a more transparent and community-backed process.
3664:
1966:
1618:
502:
2015:"Content Management Provider PyBiz Announces Strategic Partnership With BeOpen in Utilizing Python Programming Language"
2755:
640:
Removing backward-compatibility features, including old-style classes, string exceptions, and implicit relative imports
378:
1996:
1477:
702:
447:
Historic Python logos used on
Windows (left) and the Macintosh (centre), and the logo used since version 2.5 (right).
400:
Python 2.2 was released in
December 2001; a major innovation was the unification of Python's types (types written in
114:
2057:
1918:
1887:
1565:
381:. All code, documentation and specifications added, from the time of Python 2.1's alpha release on, is owned by the
3021:
1449:
146:
3615:
3577:
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3475:
3441:
3414:
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3312:
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2584:
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2327:
2270:
2172:
2084:
1782:
246:
529:
combined with the plans to change the semantics of certain methods of dictionaries, for example, made perfect
525:
Python 3.0 broke backward compatibility, and much Python 2 code does not run unmodified on Python 3. Python's
106:
97:
1536:
3654:
405:
252:
134:
1713:
2014:
1940:
558:
is available as a builtin but is masked by the print statement syntax, which can be disabled by entering
409:
257:
240:
282:
By version 1.4, Python had acquired several new features. Notable among these are the Modula-3 inspired
1830:
585:
function, in that the input is always returned as a string rather than being evaluated as an expression
390:
382:
370:. Python's syntax for this construct is very similar to Haskell's, apart from Haskell's preference for
339:
153:
Python 2.0 was released on
October 16, 2000, with many major new features, including a cycle-detecting
122:
1675:
530:
130:
1804:
401:
393:. The release included a change to the language specification to support nested scopes, like other
335:
17:
2478:
458:
2145:
514:
510:
386:
359:
224:
for Python, was formed, marking a milestone in the growth of Python's userbase and popularity.
52:
256:. Van Rossum stated that "Python acquired lambda, reduce(), filter() and map(), courtesy of a
234:
343:
140:. (However, Van Rossum stepped down as leader on July 12, 2018.). Python was named after the
2637:
2607:
2224:
1592:
103:
1861:
457:
statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a
429:
8:
478:
2293:
397:
languages. (The feature was turned off by default, and not required, until Python 2.2.)
109:
was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in
December 1989 by
51:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
1271:
551:
355:
158:
126:
2559:
377:
Python 2.1 was close to Python 1.6.1, as well as Python 2.0. Its license was renamed
331:
261:
162:
1354:
indicates the latest micro version of currently supported versions as of 2024-10-01.
647:
functionality: in Python 2, integer division always returns an integer. For example
1646:"Guido van Rossum Stepping Down from Role as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life"
1532:
644:
283:
272:
221:
110:
506:
118:
2509:
2380:
2194:
2106:
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before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a
612:
526:
394:
326:
The new license included a clause stating that the license was governed by the
291:
217:
1225:
1203:
3648:
1181:
1159:
1139:
1119:
1099:
1079:
1059:
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1002:
985:
965:
948:
931:
914:
897:
880:
863:
846:
829:
813:
797:
781:
764:
747:
730:
495:
462:
299:
205:
2751:
80:
2000:
1914:
1473:
2049:
1891:
608:
is less readable than code that uses a for loop and accumulator variable)
474:
371:
295:
287:
176:
to the backwards-compatible, though now-unsupported, Python 2.6 and 2.7.
3017:
498:: "There should be oneβ and preferably only one βobvious way to do it".
3639:
420:
2990:
Norwitz, Neal; van Rossum, Guido; Baxter, Anthony (February 7, 2006).
611:
Adding support for optional function annotations that can be used for
88:
2167:
Schemenauer, Neil; Peters, Tim; Hetland, Magnus (December 21, 2001).
438:
189:
3607:
3573:
3539:
3505:
3471:
3437:
3410:
3376:
3342:
3308:
3243:
3180:
3148:
3114:
3049:
2991:
2964:
2963:
Warsaw, Barry; Hettinger, Raymond; Baxter, Anthony (July 29, 2003).
2937:
2910:
2883:
2856:
2829:
2778:
2721:
2695:
2668:
2580:
2448:
2422:
2323:
2266:
2168:
2080:
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72:
1247:
276:
209:
173:
674:
Allowing non-ASCII letters to be used in identifiers, such as in
367:
166:
1717:
37:
2722:"PEP 3131 β Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers | peps.python.org"
2385:
1944:
626:
types, representing text, and introducing a separate immutable
469:(RAII)-like behavior and replacing a common try/finally idiom.
338:
argued that the choice-of-law clause was incompatible with the
141:
1438:
2449:"PEP 3100 β Miscellaneous Python 3.0 Plans | peps.python.org"
679:
453:
Python 2.5 was released in September 2006 and introduced the
307:
342:. BeOpen, CNRI and the FSF negotiated a change to Python's
1293:
635:
363:
320:
3608:"PEP 745 β Python 3.14 Release Schedule | peps.python.org"
1341:
1329:
1324:
327:
2166:
1967:"Python Development Team Moves to BeOpen.Com β Slashdot"
1468:
1466:
1464:
542:
Some of the major changes included for Python 3.0 were:
2989:
698:
Implementation started – December, 1989
678:, fully supporting Unicode characters in source code (
2962:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1461:
2541:"Python 3 Q & A β Alyssa Coghlan's Python Notes"
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
2909:Warsaw, Barry; van Rossum, Guido (April 17, 2001).
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
3271:"[RELEASED] Python 3.5.4 is now available"
3208:"[RELEASED] Python 3.4.7 is now available"
3018:"17. Development Cycle β Python Developer's Guide"
2667:Winter, Collin; Lownds, Tony (December 2, 2006).
1676:"General Python FAQ β Python 3.8.3 documentation"
1492:
3646:
2908:
1394:
1387:
1385:
2696:"PEP 3137 β Immutable Bytes and Mutable Buffer"
2267:"PEP 361 β Python 2.6 and 3.0 Release Schedule"
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
290:'s keyword arguments) and built-in support for
49:about prominent features of versions after 3.0.
2265:Norwitz, Neal; Warsaw, Barry (June 29, 2006).
2044:
2042:
354:Python 2.0, released October 2000, introduced
204:and so on. Also in this initial release was a
188:, exception handling, functions, and the core
2824:
2822:
2820:
2264:
1737:
1735:
1560:
1558:
1334:
269:Corporation for National Research Initiatives
260:hacker who missed them and submitted working
3605:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2666:
1997:"Open | Your digital insurance partner"
1943:. Python Software Foundation. Archived from
1566:"Why was Python created in the first place?"
1362:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3438:"PEP 602 β Annual Release Cycle for Python"
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3043:
3041:
3039:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2039:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1273:Latest preview version of a future release:
2935:
2693:
2479:"PEP 3000 β Python 3000 | peps.python.org"
2324:"PEP 404 β Python 2.8 Un-release Schedule"
2138:"PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changes"
1776:
1732:
1590:
1555:
1531:
27:History of the Python programming language
3640:Guido Van Rossum blog on Python's History
2797:
2136:Kuchling, Andrew M. (December 21, 2001).
1711:
1643:
630:type; and a mostly corresponding mutable
600:) out of the built-in namespace and into
279:from where he released several versions.
3592:
3574:"PEP 719 β Python 3.13 Release Schedule"
3558:
3540:"PEP 693 β Python 3.12 Release Schedule"
3524:
3506:"PEP 664 β Python 3.11 Release Schedule"
3490:
3472:"PEP 619 β Python 3.10 Release Schedule"
3456:
3429:
3395:
3361:
3327:
3293:
3268:
3241:
3230:
3205:
3178:
3167:
3133:
3099:
3074:
3047:
3036:
3010:
2983:
2956:
2929:
2902:
2875:
2848:
2770:
2739:
2694:van Rossum, Guido (September 26, 2007).
2687:
2660:
2572:
2420:
2405:
2351:"Python 2.7 To Be Maintained Until 2020"
2315:
2291:
2247:
2160:
2135:
2072:
1765:
1698:
1346:
634:type, both of which represent arrays of
87:
79:
71:
3571:
3537:
3503:
3469:
3411:"PEP 596 β Python 3.9 Release Schedule"
3377:"PEP 569 β Python 3.8 Release Schedule"
3343:"PEP 537 β Python 3.7 Release Schedule"
3309:"PEP 494 β Python 3.6 Release Schedule"
3244:"PEP 478 β Python 3.5 Release Schedule"
3181:"PEP 429 β Python 3.4 Release Schedule"
3149:"PEP 398 β Python 3.3 Release Schedule"
3115:"PEP 392 β Python 3.2 Release Schedule"
3050:"PEP 375 β Python 3.1 Release Schedule"
3048:Peterson, Benjamin (February 8, 2009).
2992:"PEP 356 β Python 2.5 Release Schedule"
2965:"PEP 320 β Python 2.4 Release Schedule"
2938:"PEP 283 β Python 2.3 Release Schedule"
2936:van Rossum, Guido (February 27, 2002).
2911:"PEP 251 β Python 2.2 Release Schedule"
2884:"PEP 226 β Python 2.1 Release Schedule"
2857:"PEP 200 β Python 2.0 Release Schedule"
2779:"PEP 160 β Python 1.6 Release Schedule"
2538:
2423:"PEP 373 β Python 2.7 Release Schedule"
2421:Peterson, Benjamin (November 3, 2008).
1417:Date of last non security only release.
14:
3647:
3417:from the original on November 12, 2022
3242:Hastings, Larry (September 22, 2014).
3146:
3112:
2881:
2758:from the original on December 22, 2015
2648:from the original on December 18, 2019
2605:
2578:
2321:
2078:
1912:
1859:
1619:"Python Creator Scripts Inside Google"
1572:from the original on February 23, 2008
1480:from the original on September 1, 2016
467:resource acquisition is initialization
3606:van Kemenade, Hugo (April 24, 2024).
3435:
3408:
3374:
3340:
3306:
3281:from the original on December 6, 2021
3218:from the original on December 6, 2021
3087:from the original on December 6, 2021
3024:from the original on January 18, 2023
2776:
2638:"The fate of reduce() in Python 3000"
2618:from the original on November 9, 2020
2175:from the original on January 31, 2023
2060:from the original on December 5, 2016
1862:"The fate of reduce() in Python 3000"
1841:from the original on December 1, 2017
1686:from the original on October 24, 2012
1599:from the original on January 16, 2011
560:from __future__ import print_function
3179:Hastings, Larry (October 17, 2012).
3075:Peterson, Benjamin (June 12, 2011).
2777:Drake, Fred L. Jr. (July 25, 2000).
2507:
2292:Kuchling, Andrew M. (July 3, 2010).
2081:"PEP 227 β Statically Nested Scopes"
1941:"Computer Programming for Everybody"
1915:"Computer Programming for Everybody"
1811:from the original on August 11, 2021
1543:from the original on August 25, 2011
689:
604:(the rationale being code that uses
31:
3612:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
3250:from the original on April 12, 2022
3187:from the original on April 12, 2022
3155:from the original on April 12, 2022
3121:from the original on April 19, 2022
3113:Brandl, Georg (December 30, 2009).
3056:from the original on April 19, 2022
2944:from the original on April 12, 2022
2882:Hylton, Jeremy (October 16, 2000).
2836:from the original on August 8, 2018
2726:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
2675:from the original on March 13, 2022
2579:Brandl, Georg (November 19, 2007).
2520:from the original on March 24, 2016
2429:from the original on March 13, 2022
2393:from the original on April 22, 2020
2348:
2273:from the original on April 12, 2022
2235:from the original on August 4, 2019
2205:from the original on August 4, 2019
2144:. Python Foundation. Archived from
2117:from the original on August 2, 2019
2079:Hylton, Jeremy (November 1, 2000).
2027:from the original on April 12, 2020
1977:from the original on April 12, 2020
1777:van Rossum, Guido (April 5, 2006).
1712:Kuchling, Andrew M.; Zadka, Moshe.
1644:Fairchild, Carlie (July 12, 2018).
1625:from the original on August 9, 2018
1591:van Rossum, Guido (July 31, 2008).
694:Releases before numbered versions:
501:Nonetheless, Python 3.0 remained a
294:. Also included is a basic form of
24:
3580:from the original on July 16, 2023
3546:from the original on July 16, 2023
3512:from the original on July 16, 2023
3478:from the original on July 16, 2023
3444:from the original on July 16, 2023
3409:Langa, Εukasz (October 13, 2020).
3383:from the original on July 16, 2023
3375:Langa, Εukasz (January 27, 2018).
3349:from the original on July 16, 2023
3269:Hastings, Larry (August 8, 2017).
3206:Hastings, Larry (August 9, 2017).
2998:from the original on April 8, 2022
2854:
2587:from the original on April 2, 2022
2581:"PEP 3105 β Make print a function"
2545:python-notes.curiousefficiency.org
2539:Coghlan, Alyssa (April 21, 2020).
2489:from the original on April 2, 2022
2322:Warsaw, Barry (November 9, 2011).
1868:from the original on April 7, 2007
1785:from the original on April 2, 2022
1753:from the original on June 14, 2020
1656:from the original on July 13, 2018
1227:Old version, yet still maintained:
1205:Old version, yet still maintained:
1183:Old version, yet still maintained:
1161:Old version, yet still maintained:
1141:Old version, no longer maintained:
1121:Old version, no longer maintained:
1101:Old version, no longer maintained:
1081:Old version, no longer maintained:
1061:Old version, no longer maintained:
1041:Old version, no longer maintained:
1021:Old version, no longer maintained:
1004:Old version, no longer maintained:
987:Old version, no longer maintained:
967:Old version, no longer maintained:
950:Old version, no longer maintained:
933:Old version, no longer maintained:
916:Old version, no longer maintained:
899:Old version, no longer maintained:
882:Old version, no longer maintained:
865:Old version, no longer maintained:
848:Old version, no longer maintained:
831:Old version, no longer maintained:
815:Old version, no longer maintained:
799:Old version, no longer maintained:
783:Old version, no longer maintained:
766:Old version, no longer maintained:
749:Old version, no longer maintained:
732:Old version, no longer maintained:
703:Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
569:function, and the renaming of the
389:formed in 2001, modeled after the
379:Python Software Foundation License
302:, though this is easily bypassed.
25:
3676:
3633:
3315:from the original on May 23, 2022
3077:"[RELEASED] Python 3.1.4"
2971:from the original on May 17, 2022
2890:from the original on May 23, 2022
2863:from the original on May 18, 2022
2785:from the original on May 13, 2022
2702:from the original on May 23, 2022
2669:"PEP 3107 β Function Annotations"
2459:from the original on May 25, 2022
2361:from the original on May 10, 2016
2330:from the original on May 23, 2022
2300:from the original on June 7, 2012
2087:from the original on May 23, 2022
581:function behaves like Python 2's
3618:from the original on May 5, 2024
3572:Wouters, Thomas (May 26, 2023).
3538:Wouters, Thomas (May 24, 2022).
3504:Salgado, Pablo (July 12, 2021).
3341:Deily, Ned (December 23, 2016).
3147:Brandl, Georg (March 23, 2011).
2917:from the original on May 4, 2022
2381:"Commits: python/cpython at 2.7"
1921:from the original on May 1, 2007
1621:. www.eweek.com. March 7, 2006.
520:
437:
428:
419:
179:
36:
3470:Salgado, Pablo (May 25, 2020).
3262:
3199:
3068:
2714:
2630:
2599:
2532:
2508:Ruby, Sam (September 1, 2007).
2501:
2471:
2441:
2373:
2342:
2285:
2217:
2187:
2129:
2099:
2007:
1989:
1959:
1933:
1906:
1880:
1853:
1823:
1797:
1450:History of software engineering
1420:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
631:
627:
623:
619:
605:
601:
597:
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589:
582:
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566:
559:
555:
547:
465:and then closing it), allowing
454:
213:
201:
197:
193:
3436:Langa, Εukasz (June 4, 2019).
2830:"Download Python | Python.org"
1668:
1637:
1611:
1584:
358:, a feature borrowed from the
13:
1:
3660:Python (programming language)
2169:"PEP 255 β Simple Generators"
1455:
1330:Old version, still maintained
505:. Coders could still follow
98:Python (programming language)
84:New Python logo, 2006βpresent
1537:"A Brief Timeline of Python"
484:
349:
227:
147:Monty Python's Flying Circus
136:Benevolent Dictator for Life
7:
3307:Deily, Ned (May 30, 2015).
2349:Gee, Sue (April 14, 2014).
1888:"LJ #37: Python 1.4 Update"
1443:
1391:Date of last micro release.
1325:Old version, not maintained
537:
286:(which are also similar to
76:Old Python logo, 1990sβ2006
10:
3681:
3665:Software version histories
2564:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2294:"What's New in Python 2.7"
1835:Python source distribution
1714:"What's New in Python 2.0"
1433:
613:informal type declarations
391:Apache Software Foundation
383:Python Software Foundation
340:GNU General Public License
95:
1805:"Python 0.9.1 part 01/21"
1014:
997:
960:
943:
926:
909:
892:
875:
858:
841:
824:
808:
792:
776:
759:
742:
313:
129:and interfacing with the
2225:"Highlights: Python 2.5"
2142:What's New in Python 2.2
1807:. alt.sources archives.
1779:"PEP 3000 β Python 3000"
565:Removal of the Python 2
336:Free Software Foundation
186:classes with inheritance
92:Guido van Rossum in 2014
2752:"Releases | Python.org"
1743:"Welcome to Python.org"
1249:Current stable version:
655:; whereas in Python 3,
503:multi-paradigm language
408:which were inspired by
131:Amoeba operating system
2054:Python 3 Documentation
1474:"The Making of Python"
1342:Latest preview version
726:End of security fixes
705: – 1990
562:at the top of the file
531:mechanical translation
387:nonprofit organization
360:functional programming
93:
85:
77:
47:is missing information
2148:on September 17, 2008
2050:"History and License"
1837:. Python Foundation.
701:Internal releases at
344:free software license
91:
83:
75:
2195:"Python 2.5 Release"
1864:. Artima Developer.
1720:on December 14, 2009
1535:(January 20, 2009).
1476:. Artima Developer.
723:End of full support
104:programming language
3655:History of software
2606:van Rossum, Guido.
2003:on August 15, 2000.
1913:van Rossum, Guido.
1860:van Rossum, Guido.
682:is used by default)
356:list comprehensions
159:reference counting
127:exception handling
121:as a successor to
94:
86:
78:
2608:"Python 3000 FAQ"
2355:i-programmer.info
1947:on March 29, 2007
1533:van Rossum, Guido
1313:
1312:
690:Table of versions
615:or other purposes
552:built-in function
395:statically scoped
332:State of Virginia
321:Digital Creations
284:keyword arguments
163:memory management
155:garbage collector
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
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3277:(Mailing list).
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1999:. Archived from
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222:discussion forum
218:comp.lang.python
216:clause. In 1994
215:
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165:and support for
157:(in addition to
111:Guido van Rossum
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1568:. Python FAQ.
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475:code freeze
372:punctuation
296:data hiding
288:Common Lisp
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3649:Categories
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2304:October 7,
2229:Python.org
2199:Python.org
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1456:References
515:functional
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1831:"HISTORY"
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1484:March 22,
1279:3.13.0rc2
632:bytearray
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