44:
1757:
1390:
ARASAKI, S. (1962). Studies on the artificial culture of
Porphyra tenera Kjellm. 111. On the red wasting disease of Porphyra, especially on the physiology of the causal fungus Pythium sp.nov. Journal of the Agricultural Laboratory, Abiko, Japan. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
308:
and warm water (24-28 °C). It will only grow in the 15-35 °C range. Mild winters correlate with higher infestations and lower crop yields, possibly due to decreased temperatures inducing the development of sex organs in the oomycete. Losses can be combated by destroying diseased fronds
1641:
A description is provided for
Pythium porphyrae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Red-rot disease, red-wasting disease. HOSTS: Bangia atropurpurea, Callophyllis adhaerens, Polyopes affinis
1458:
SAKURAI, Y., AKIYAMA, K. & SATO, S. (1974). On the formation and the discharge of zoospores of
Pythium porphyrae in experimental conditions. Bulletin of the Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory (33), I
1448:
SUTO, S., SAITO, Y., AKIYAMA, K. & UMEBAYASHI, 0. (1972). Text Book of
Diseases and their Symptoms in Porphyra. Contribution E, Number I 8 of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Japan. 37
199:
1256:
831:
may also be conspecific based solely on genetic comparison, but showed a number of physical differences that show it may be a separate but very closely related species.
642:
600:
578:
607:
1654:
557:
477:
663:
751:
691:
906:
790:
627:
435:
1495:
705:
649:
485:
930:
827:
772:
441:
1066:
621:
571:
173:
1952:
429:
1292:
Andrews, John H. (May 1976). "The
Pathology of Marine Algae. Diseases caused by phycomycetes: Chytridiomycetes; Hyphochytridiomycetes; Oomycetes".
1070:
1885:
1911:
1073:; Sasaki, Minoru (1977). "ノリ赤腐病を起因するPythium porphyrae" [Pythium porphyrae sp. nov. causing red rot of marine algae Porphyra spp.].
1680:
Rivierre, Christine; Laprie, Caroline; Guiard-Marigny, Olivier; Bergeaud, Patrick; Berthelemy, Madeleine; Guillot, Jacques (March 2005).
177:
414:
333:
1859:
19:
This article is about the organism that causes red rot disease in seaweeds. For the chemical process that degrades leather, see
1364:
Arasaki, S. (1956). "The diseases of asakusanori and their control" [The diseases of asakusanori and their control].
1957:
392:
391:
average 17 μm in diameter and are also intercalary and globose, but rarely are terminal. In each oogonium are 1-2
450:
1179:
LéVesque, C.André; De Cock, Arthur W.A.M. (December 2004). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus
Pythium".
399:
1916:
403:
1511:
371:
are club-shaped. It has sporangia that are unbranched, filamentous, and non-inflated, typically forming 6-17
1761:
1273:
Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Stramenopiles; Oomycetes; Pythiales; Pythiaceae; Pythium
1967:
1851:
43:
1336:
1119:"A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)"
445:. However it has up to four diclinous antheridia and sometimes two antheridial cells per stalk;
1890:
1775:
1502:. Studies in Mycology. Vol. 21. Baarn, Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
873:
614:
345:
515:, but this range is likely underreported. It has a parasitic relationship with the following
677:
635:
157:
1929:
1820:
1352:
purple-red porphyra porphyr noun/f πορφυρα the purple-fish or the dye that was made from it
1014:
593:
341:
8:
1681:
550:
406:
to the oogonial wall. Sometimes there will be two antheridial cells on one stalk. The
1722:
1317:
1305:
993:
739:
733:
723:
186:
38:
1924:
1807:
1727:
1709:
1701:
1538:
1503:
1431:
1373:
1309:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1140:
814:
698:
684:
253:
1321:
1962:
1812:
1717:
1693:
1421:
1301:
1230:
1188:
1130:
856:
564:
1535:
Proceedings of the 1st
International Seaweed Symposium, Edinburgh, 14–17 July 1952
1414:
Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi (Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries)
380:
1798:
745:
656:
1846:
1620:
1135:
1118:
670:
516:
376:
257:
114:
81:
68:
1192:
1144:
537:
1946:
1713:
1705:
1507:
1435:
1313:
1208:
1200:
364:
359:. On algae, the hyphae will extend through the cell wall. It does not have
1542:
1377:
1731:
1697:
1216:
368:
94:
1872:
1533:
Suto, S (1953). "Seaweed production and phycological research in Japan".
1426:
1405:
532:
508:
504:
398:
coming out far away from the oogonial stalk. The antheridia's cells are
395:
279:
of the host. However, many of its hosts have been moved from the genus
1864:
585:
542:
473:
413:
average 15 μm in diameter, have thick (~2 μm) walls, and are
360:
337:
314:
225:
217:
124:
1877:
1903:
1833:
1019:
718:
55:
1769:
1679:
1117:
Diehl, Nora; Kim, Gwang Hoon; Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. (March 2017).
16:
Parasitic species of oomycete that causes red rot disease in seaweed
1898:
1838:
1792:
1756:
527:
481:
418:
388:
372:
329:
305:
271:
221:
104:
784:
778:
521:
410:
356:
310:
285:
276:
134:
20:
1825:
407:
384:
379:
zoospores are 8-12 μm in diameter. Hyphal swellings are
1263:. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information
799:
767:
512:
500:
352:
1408:[Studies on the Wasting Disease of the Cultured Lavers (
421:
are spherical at 8.8-30.8 μm diameter, but rarely produced.
1661:. Marine Panel. Tacoma, WA: University of Puget Sound. 2017
301:
1621:"Pythium porphyrae. (Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria)"
309:
and exposing thalli to the air for 3–4 hours daily. The
1493:
1065:
465:
also have oogonia terminally on short branches, yet in
239:
313:
can be spread in contaminated organic matter and the
484:
and colorless colonies, but will not grow at all on
269:) stems from the genus of one of its common hosts,
1116:
402:(club shaped) or globose. The antheridia will be
275:, and the purple-red color of the lesions on the
1944:
1494:van der Plaats-Niterink, J. (22 December 1981).
1075:Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan
798:shares one with the species also originating on
1178:
336:, meaning only part of the thallus turns into
247:
355:can grow up to 4.5 μm wide, and are not
1496:"IX. Descriptions of the recognized species"
439:, and appears to be most closely related to
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1174:
264:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
457:has only a single diclinous antheridium.
1721:
1673:
1425:
1399:
1397:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1134:
1953:Water mould plant pathogens and diseases
1489:
1487:
1485:
1334:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
813:species in Clade A showed the following
1618:
1549:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1403:
1363:
1291:
1151:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1945:
1647:
1625:IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria
1526:
1442:
1394:
1278:
531:are susceptible to infection in their
1774:
1773:
1655:"Turkish Washcloth or Black Tar Spot"
1328:
1657:. Slater Museum of Natural History.
1532:
1462:
1384:
1357:
1085:
1032:
304:within three weeks. It prefers low
1249:
1223:
535:phase, they are resistant in their
387:, from 12-28 μm in diameter.
13:
1337:"Dictionary of Botanical Epithets"
1306:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1976.tb01125.x
717:A 2005 study concerning a case of
476:it will grow 5 mm per day on
292:
14:
1979:
1749:
817:. It further demonstrated that
427:shares many physical traits with
1755:
1659:Slater Museum of Natural History
1341:Dictionary of Botanical Epithets
42:
758:In 2004, molecular analysis of
1500:Monograph of the genus Pythium
794:Clade A has two clusters, and
320:
317:can spread through the water.
300:can destroy an entire crop of
1:
1025:
469:they tent to be intercalary.
1686:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1237:. Utrecht, Netherlands. 2016
449:has 1-4 either diclinous or
417:(fill the whole oogonium).
265:
7:
1008:
712:
240:
10:
1984:
1958:Protists described in 1977
1136:10.4490/algae.2017.32.2.25
519:. Though some species of
491:
344:of algae, but can also be
18:
1782:
1404:Arasaki, Satoshi (1947).
1193:10.1017/S0953756204001431
990:
944:
927:
920:
903:
896:
870:
853:
846:
839:
643:Pterocladiella capillacea
601:Griffithsia subcylindrica
248:
192:
185:
163:
156:
39:Scientific classification
37:
30:
1366:病蟲害雜誌 (Plant Protection)
1335:Griffith, Chuck (2005).
721:from a related species (
579:Gloiosiphonia capillaris
1619:Spencer, M. A. (2004).
825:are the same species.
608:Lomentaria hakodatensis
1698:10.3201/eid1103.040697
615:Mastocarpus papillatus
558:Callophyllis adhaerens
478:seawater-cornmeal agar
228:. It is the cause of
1682:"Pythiosis in Africa"
678:Pyropia virididentata
664:Pyropia suborbiculata
636:Polysiphonia morrowii
340:. It is primarily a
1427:10.2331/suisan.13.74
1181:Mycological Research
1015:Pythium in turfgrass
692:Rhodymenia intricata
594:Grateloupia turuturu
342:facultative parasite
1257:"Pythium porphyrae"
1231:"Pythium porphyrae"
628:Carpopeltis affinis
551:Bangia atropurpurea
234:red wasting disease
196:Pythium chondricola
1514:on 1 December 2017
1406:"アサクサノリめ腐敗病に關する研究"
1294:Biological Reviews
706:Wrangelia tanegana
650:Pyropia cinnamomea
499:has been found in
486:potato-carrot agar
1940:
1939:
1925:Open Tree of Life
1784:Pythium porphyrae
1776:Taxon identifiers
1763:Pythium porphyrae
1187:(12): 1363–1383.
1067:Takahashi, Minoru
1005:
1004:
979:
978:
970:
969:
961:
960:
885:
884:
874:P. aphanidermatum
815:phylogenetic tree
785:P. aphanidermatum
727:) indicated that
699:Stylonema alsidii
685:Pyropia yezoensis
497:Pythium porphyrae
425:Pythium porphyrae
326:Pythium porphyrae
298:Pythium porphyrae
213:Pythium porphyrae
209:
208:
203:
167:Pythium porphyrae
149:P. porphyrae
32:Pythium porphyrae
1975:
1968:Oomycete species
1933:
1932:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1771:
1770:
1760:Data related to
1759:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1725:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1616:
1547:
1546:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:. Archived from
1491:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1176:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1114:
1083:
1082:
1063:
923:
922:
899:
898:
849:
848:
842:
841:
835:
834:
809:A 2017 study of
762:determined that
622:Polyopes affinis
572:Gelidium elegans
565:Chondrus crispus
480:with low aerial
332:thallus that is
268:
267:
258:specific epithet
251:
250:
243:
198:
169:
47:
46:
28:
27:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1778:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1550:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1492:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1416:(in Japanese).
1410:Porphyra tenera
1402:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1368:(in Japanese).
1362:
1358:
1345:
1343:
1333:
1329:
1290:
1279:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1177:
1152:
1115:
1086:
1071:Ichitani, Takio
1064:
1033:
1028:
1011:
1006:
980:
971:
962:
886:
752:P. vanterpoolii
715:
657:Pyropia plicata
494:
453:antheridia and
323:
295:
293:Economic impact
230:red rot disease
181:
171:
165:
152:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1895:
1882:
1869:
1856:
1843:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1767:
1766:at Wikispecies
1751:
1750:External links
1748:
1745:
1744:
1692:(3): 479–481.
1672:
1646:
1548:
1525:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1393:
1383:
1356:
1327:
1300:(2): 211–252.
1277:
1248:
1222:
1150:
1084:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:P. chondricola
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
926:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:P. monospermum
902:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
883:
882:
879:
878:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
833:
823:P. chondricola
791:P. monospermum
770:A" along with
731:is related to
714:
711:
710:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
671:Pyropia tenera
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
493:
490:
459:P. monospermum
447:P. monospermum
436:P. monospermum
375:per vesicle.
365:chlamydospores
322:
319:
294:
291:
236:, also called
224:in the family
207:
206:
205:
204:
190:
189:
183:
182:
172:
161:
160:
154:
153:
146:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
115:Peronosporales
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
69:Diaphoretickes
66:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1980:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1660:
1656:
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1643:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1455:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1262:
1261:NCBI Taxonomy
1258:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1081:(3): 279–285.
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
994:P. insidiosum
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
974:
966:
965:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
932:
925:
924:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
908:
901:
900:
894:
893:
890:
889:
881:
880:
877:
876:
875:
868:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
851:
850:
844:
843:
837:
836:
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:
787:
786:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
741:
740:P. myriotylum
736:
735:
734:P. dissotocum
730:
726:
725:
724:P. insidiosum
720:
708:
707:
703:
701:
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696:
694:
693:
689:
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569:
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548:
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215:
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197:
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159:
158:Binomial name
155:
151:
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145:
142:
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138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
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110:
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106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:Stramenopiles
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1783:
1762:
1735:. Retrieved
1689:
1685:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1640:
1633:. Retrieved
1631:(Sheet 1617)
1628:
1624:
1534:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1499:
1454:
1444:
1420:(3): 74–90.
1417:
1413:
1409:
1386:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:
1330:
1297:
1293:
1272:
1265:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1184:
1180:
1129:(1): 29–39.
1126:
1122:
1078:
1074:
992:
991:
950:
947:P. porphyrae
946:
945:
931:P. adhaerens
929:
928:
905:
904:
872:
871:
855:
854:
828:P. adhaerens
826:
822:
819:P. porphyrae
818:
810:
808:
804:P. adhaerens
803:
796:P. porphyrae
795:
789:
783:
777:
773:P. adhaerens
771:
764:P. porphyrae
763:
759:
757:
750:
744:
738:
732:
729:P. porphyrae
728:
722:
716:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
634:
626:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
536:
533:gametophytic
526:
520:
496:
495:
471:
467:P. porphyrae
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
442:P. adhaerens
440:
434:
428:
424:
423:
350:
325:
324:
297:
296:
284:
280:
270:
260:
238:
237:
233:
229:
212:
211:
210:
195:
166:
164:
148:
147:
135:
88:
75:
62:
31:
25:
1873:iNaturalist
857:P. deliense
779:P. deliense
543:sporophytic
538:Conchocelis
509:New Zealand
505:Netherlands
451:monoclinous
381:intercalary
369:appressoria
321:Description
220:species of
1947:Categories
1635:10 October
1145:7067179428
1026:References
746:P. volutum
586:Gracilaria
474:laboratory
463:P. marinum
455:P. marinum
430:P. marinum
396:antheridia
226:Pythiaceae
125:Pythiaceae
1799:Q41594952
1737:5 October
1714:815385893
1706:1080-6059
1665:6 October
1537:: 96–99.
1518:6 October
1508:474297038
1436:0021-5392
1372:: 243–6.
1346:3 October
1314:1464-7931
1267:2 October
1241:4 October
1209:358362888
1201:0953-7562
1020:Pythiosis
719:Pythiosis
545:) phase.
408:yellowish
393:diclinous
373:zoospores
361:haustoria
338:sporangia
315:sporangia
261:porphyrae
241:akagusare
218:parasitic
178:M. Sasaki
174:M. Takah.
143:Species:
56:Eukaryota
1899:MycoBank
1891:10391465
1847:Fungorum
1793:Wikidata
1732:15757572
1543:22404162
1412:)].
1391:3, 87-93
1378:41036343
1322:85175801
1235:MycoBank
1217:15757173
1009:See also
713:Taxonomy
528:Porphyra
482:mycelium
415:plerotic
411:oospores
377:Encysted
346:saprobic
334:eucarpic
330:mycelial
311:oospores
306:salinity
281:Porphyra
272:Porphyra
254:Japanese
222:oomycete
187:Synonyms
121:Family:
105:Oomycota
101:Phylum:
52:Domain:
1963:Pythium
1865:5424048
1723:3298269
811:Pythium
766:is in "
760:Pythium
522:Pyropia
492:Ecology
419:Conidia
400:clavate
389:Oogonia
385:globose
367:. The
357:septate
286:Pyropia
277:thallus
266:πορφυρα
256:. The
216:, is a
200:De Cock
136:Pythium
131:Genus:
111:Order:
21:red rot
1930:957693
1904:322202
1878:556412
1852:322202
1839:PYTHPP
1826:191659
1730:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1541:
1506:
1459:19-27.
1434:
1376:
1320:
1312:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1143:
788:, and
749:, and
511:, and
404:apical
353:hyphae
328:has a
202:, 1986
180:, 1977
176:&
1917:88834
1886:IRMNG
1813:4QXZV
1318:S2CID
1123:Algae
800:algae
768:Clade
517:hosts
513:Korea
501:Japan
472:In a
252:) in
89:Clade
76:Clade
63:Clade
1912:NCBI
1860:GBIF
1834:EPPO
1739:2017
1728:PMID
1710:OCLC
1702:ISSN
1667:2017
1642:(syn
1637:2017
1539:OCLC
1520:2017
1504:OCLC
1432:ISSN
1374:OCLC
1348:2017
1310:ISSN
1269:2017
1243:2017
1213:PMID
1205:OCLC
1197:ISSN
1141:OCLC
821:and
589:spp.
525:and
461:and
433:and
383:and
363:not
351:Its
302:nori
249:赤ぐされ
1821:EoL
1808:CoL
1718:PMC
1694:doi
1629:162
1449:pp.
1422:doi
1302:doi
1189:doi
1185:108
1131:doi
283:to
232:or
82:SAR
1949::
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1914::
1901::
1888::
1875::
1862::
1849::
1836::
1823::
1810::
1795::
1726:.
1716:.
1708:.
1700:.
1690:11
1688:.
1684:.
1639:.
1627:.
1623:.
1551:^
1498:.
1464:^
1430:.
1418:13
1396:^
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1308:.
1298:51
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1280:^
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