370:. The weight of the quartzite block was estimated at 150 tons by G. Jéquier. The block was carved into two compartments destined to receive the king's coffin, canopic chest and funerary goods. Two large quartzite beams weighing 60 tons formed its roof. Once the block and its roof had been put into position, the workers built a gabled roof of limestone beams and a brick vault above it to relieve the weight of the pyramid. The mechanism for closing the vault consisted of sand-filled shafts on which rested the props of the northern ceiling slab. This would be lowered on the vault on draining the sand. After draining all the sand, the workmen escaped through the corridor which they filled with masonry and paved over its opening in the antechamber.
26:
387:
substructures of this pyramid lie at the base of its eastern base. A small stairway leads to two portcullis chambers similar to those found in the main pyramid. Here too the portcullises were left open. Beyond is an antechamber branching to the north and south to two burial chambers lined with masonry and both housing a large quartzite coffer. The lids of the coffers were found propped on blocks as they should be before any burial. The two coffers were thus most probably never lowered into place and put into use.
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to suggest that the wavy-wall was constructed as a provisional and abbreviated substitute to the more time consuming but preferred niched-wall. At the south-east corner of the outer wall is a blocked unfinished stairway, which could be part of earlier plans for the pyramid substructure or part of an
279:
On the eastern side of the pyramid lay a mortuary temple which spread across both enclosure walls. This allowed for the outer section of the temple to be placed outside the inner wall, with the inner sanctuary on the inside of the inner wall. Very little remains of the temple, except for pieces of
304:
in height, which is about 37 metres (121 ft). The pyramid was constructed with a mudbrick core and a limestone outer casing with its backing stones. These and the limestone casing were both quarried by stone robbers, which left the core unprotected. The core fared very badly with time and the
386:
At the north eastern corner of
Khendjer's pyramid complex is a small subsidiary pyramid, which is thought to have been prepared for the burials of two of Khendjer's queens. G. Jéquier also found shaft tombs nearby, which may have been prepared for other royal family members. The entrance to the
177:. The pyramid, which is part of larger complex comprising a mortuary temple, a chapel, two enclosure walls and a subsidiary pyramid, originally stood around 37 m (121 ft) high and is now completely ruined. The pyramidion was discovered during excavations under the direction of
342:
wooden door. Beyond the door is a second portcullis chamber, which was also left open. In turn this leads to a small antechamber and from there on to a further corridor whose access was concealed beneath the paving of the antechamber floor. This corridor leads to the burial chamber.
233:
The pyramid complex comprises the main pyramid enclosed by two walls. The outer one, made of mudbrick, contained in the north-east corner a small subsidiary pyramid, the only one known dating to the 13th dynasty. The inner enclosure wall was made of
271:. The location of this door was unusual as it should have stood on the wall closest to the pyramid, i.e. the south wall rather than the north one. The few surviving fragments of relief from the chapel show standard scenes with offering bearers.
263:
A small chapel was built immediately adjacent to the north side of the main pyramid, inside the inner enclosure wall. The chapel was raised on a platform and could be reached by two stairways. The north wall of the chapel housed a yellow
338:. The portcullis was originally destined to block the way to the burial chamber but was never put into place across the passage. Beyond the portcullis chamber, a further stairway with 39 steps continued down to a closed
390:
Some unexpected turn of events probably prevented their use, although there is nothing directly suggesting that the king wasn't interred as planned in the main pyramid. However, in his 1997 study of the
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Khendjer's second portcullis chamber, antechamber and corridor were constructed in the corner of a large trench dug in the ground. The burial chamber, which is made of a colossal monolithic
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The entrance to the substructures is located at the base of the southern end of the pyramid west side. A stairway with 13 steps leads to a chamber housing a large granite
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225:. The main pyramid currently lies in ruins, due in part to the damaging excavations by G. Jéquier and now rises only about one meter above the desert sand.
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in 1929, indicating that the pyramid was finished during
Khendjer's lifetime. It is the only pyramid known to have been completed during the
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316:, Cairo. The pyramidion is decorated by reliefs showing Khendjer making offerings and is inscribed with the prenomen "Userkare" (
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East face of the pyramidion of the pyramid of
Khendjer, depicting the king with Atum and Re. Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE 53045
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block, was placed in the trench before the pyramid construction started, in a manner similar to the burial chamber of
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was discovered on the east side of the complex and has been restored by G. Jéquier. It is now on display at the
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The first investigations of the pyramid of
Khendjer were undertaken in the mid 19th century by
482:, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997,
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and patterned with niches and panels. This replaced an earlier mudbrick wavy-wall, which led
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Plan of the underground chambers of the pyramid, showing the open granite portcullises.
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The
Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC
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from 1929 until 1931 with the excavation report published two years later in 1933.
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pyramid now stands only one meter (3.3 feet) tall due to its disintegration.
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217:, the pyramid complex of Khendjer is located between the pyramid of
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was a pyramid built for the burial of the 13th dynasty pharaoh
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Edwards, Dr. I.E.S.: The
Pyramids of Egypt 1986/1947 p. 246-9
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Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century BC
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37.35 m (122.5 ft), now 1 m (3.3 ft)
323:), which is thus known to be a throne name of Khendjer.
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under the number XLIV. The pyramid was excavated by
577:"The Pyramid of Khendjer at South Saqqara in Egypt"
517:The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture
32:Reconstruction of the pyramid complex of Khendjer.
1620:
896:Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan
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509:
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1629:Pyramids of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
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544:Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry
1649:2nd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
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418:Egyptian pyramid construction techniques
382:Substructures of the subsidiary pyramid.
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350:Pyramidion of the pyramid of Khendjer,
284:and columns and parts of its pavement.
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459:London, 1997, Thames and Hudson Ltd.
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399:concludes that Khendjer's successor,
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243:unfinished south tomb, meant for the
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330:similar to those encountered in the
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300:The pyramid originally stood at 70
108:Mudbrick core with limestone casing
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546:, 1997, Oxford University Press,
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614:Pyramid and complex information
604:The Pyramid Complex of Khendjer
484:excerpts available online here.
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501:Deux pyramides du Moyen Empire
334:pyramids, also dated from the
197:, who included the pyramid in
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1:
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308:A fragmented black granite
157:Plan of the Pyramid Complex
132:34,315 m (44,882
10:
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556:excerpts available online.
393:Second Intermediate Period
175:Second Intermediate Period
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675:List of Egyptian pyramids
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529:excerpt available online.
413:List of Egyptian pyramids
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124:52.5 m (172 ft)
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1639:18th century BC in Egypt
1588:Construction techniques
223:pyramid of Senusret III
1503:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
1349:Southern South Saqqara
503:, Cairo 1933, pp. 3-35
457:The Complete Pyramids.
403:, usurped the throne.
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247:of the deceased king.
173:c. 1760 BC during the
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1127:1 Intermediate Period
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70:29.83222°N 31.22389°E
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620:on September 4, 2006
519:, 2001, I.B.Tauris,
318:Strong is the ka of
195:Karl Richard Lepsius
1470:Second Intermediate
918:Mastabet el-Fara'un
163:pyramid of Khendjer
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19:Pyramid of Khendjer
1513:Senakhtenre Ahmose
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27:
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1608:Pyramidology
1583:Step pyramid
1567:
1527:
1493:Sobekemsaf I
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1389:
1375:
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1310:
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1277:
1270:
1266:Senusret III
1253:
1063:
1055:
1050:Lepsius XXIV
1048:
1036:
1027:Khentkaus II
1005:Neferhetepes
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
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622:. Retrieved
618:the original
613:
585:. Retrieved
583:(in Russian)
580:
571:
562:
543:
535:
516:
500:
479:
456:
389:
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325:
317:
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302:royal cubits
299:
288:Main pyramid
278:
262:
251:North chapel
232:
212:
192:
183:13th Dynasty
169:, who ruled
162:
160:
149:
100:(now ruined)
98:True pyramid
43:13th Dynasty
1540:New Kingdom
1436: [
1394: [
1380: [
1366: [
1338:Ameny Qemau
1301: [
1288: [
1261:Senusret II
1244:Amenemhat I
1022:Neferirkare
1008: [
912:Khentkaus I
827: [
796:Elephantine
739:Old Kingdom
453:Mark Lehner
401:Imyremeshaw
354:, JE 53045.
340:double-leaf
189:Excavations
86:Constructed
73: /
49:Coordinates
1623:Categories
1603:Pyramidion
1285:Neferuptah
1249:Senusret I
1038:Unfinished
803:Edfu South
587:2018-02-26
424:References
397:Kim Ryholt
328:portcullis
310:pyramidion
269:false door
134:cu yd
89:c. 1760 BC
61:31°13′26″E
58:29°49′56″N
1113:Sesheshet
1032:Neferefre
981:Lepsius L
782:Lepsius I
360:quartzite
266:quartzite
236:limestone
213:In South
1343:Khendjer
1189:Merikare
1064:Headless
1044:Nyuserre
907:Menkaure
890:Djedefre
789:Athribis
721:Pyramids
407:See also
332:Mazghuna
221:and the
199:his list
167:Khendjer
105:Material
39:Khendjer
1634:Saqqara
1363:SAK S 7
1356:SAK S 3
1108:Pepi II
1103:Merenre
1000:Userkaf
810:el-Kula
713:Dynasty
690:Commons
679:Lepsius
677: (
624:May 21,
282:reliefs
219:Pepi II
215:Saqqara
1563:Ahmose
1523:Kamose
1433:DAS 53
1426:DAS 51
1419:DAS 50
1412:DAS 49
1405:DAS 46
1279:Hawara
1098:Pepi I
1057:Double
1017:Sahure
902:Khafre
865:Meidum
817:Naqada
768:Buried
762:Djoser
704:Period
550:
523:
463:
368:Hawara
129:Volume
113:Height
1598:Texts
1593:Seked
1555:XVIII
1440:]
1398:]
1384:]
1370:]
1305:]
1292:]
1272:Black
1255:White
1012:]
885:Khufu
858:Seila
838:Sinki
831:]
775:Layer
171:Egypt
141:Slope
1485:XVII
1451:S 10
1330:XIII
1171:Khui
1145:VIII
1093:Teti
1075:Unas
974:G3-c
967:G3-b
960:G3-a
953:G2-a
946:G1-d
939:G1-c
932:G1-b
925:G1-a
872:Bent
626:2006
548:ISBN
521:ISBN
461:ISBN
161:The
121:Base
94:Type
1446:S 9
1236:XII
1166:Ibi
1156:Ity
879:Red
754:III
366:at
144:55°
1625::
1438:de
1396:de
1382:de
1368:de
1303:de
1290:de
1218:XI
1085:VI
1010:de
849:IV
829:de
612:.
579:.
554:,
542::
527:,
508:^
490:^
471:^
455::
431:^
320:Ra
245:Ka
185:.
41:,
1181:X
992:V
681:)
656:e
649:t
642:v
628:.
590:.
136:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
