Pygmy slow loris - Knowledge

1138:(US$ 1.50–2.50 or €1.10–1.80). Other reports have found them to cost US$ 2–10. In Cambodia, the species is used in Traditional Khmer Medicine. Surveys conducted at Cambodian markets showed that the species was the third most common mammal for sale, offered at prices ranging from US$ 0.85–6.25 (€0.65–4.70). In Vietnam, the pygmy slow loris is used for food, medicine, and often as a pet and is among the most frequently sold species. Formerly, hundreds of pygmy lorises were traded monthly in major markets, but recently numbers seem to have decreased, due to shortages in supply. In southern Vietnam, lorises are among the most popular wildlife dishes in wildlife meat restaurants. 1149:, is mainly produced by local people, but a smaller portion is also destined for restaurants or sold to visitors. The species is especially used for the assumed medicinal value of its hair. Traders have reported that they have difficulty keeping pace with demand—one trader claimed to have sold nearly 1,200 pygmy slow lorises during 2001–2002. In Cambodia, the deeply rooted tradition of using the Bengal and pygmy slow loris in traditional medicine is widespread, and the pygmy slow loris is the most commonly requested animal in traditional medicine shops in Cambodia's capital, 612:

1.8 cm (0.71 in) in length. The bodyweight ranges between 360 and 580 grams (13 and 20 oz), with an average mass of 420 grams (15 oz) for males and 428 grams (15.1 oz) for females. There are, however, large seasonal variations in bodyweight, and individuals up to 700 grams (25 oz) have been recorded. The animal tends to have significantly higher bodyweights during the winter months, about 50 percent higher than the lowest values in the summer. The weight gains, achieved largely by increasing food intake, are

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there were reports that it had disappeared from large parts of its range, particularly in areas with intense logging and agriculture. In Cambodia, widespread declines have been associated with increases in hunting pressure during 2001 and 2002. In one field survey, three areas with high encounter rates in early 2008 were resurveyed in late 2008 and 2009, but no individuals were encountered. This change was thought to be due to both high hunting pressures and gold mine development.

435: 1119: 830: 604: 42: 367:, crawling along branches using slow movements in search of prey. Unlike other primates, it does not leap. It lives together in small groups usually with one or two offspring. An adult can grow to around 19 to 23 cm (7.5 to 9.1 in) long and has a very short tail. It weighs about 450 g (1.0 lb). Its diet consists of fruits, insects, small fauna, tree sap, and floral nectar. The animal has a toxic bite, which it gets by licking a toxic secretion from 1022: 61: 1030:

individuals, while another estimate from the same period placed the number around 600–700 individuals. This enormous discrepancy underlines the difficulty to calculate population size without detailed field studies. In Laos, the wildlife status report of 1999 describes the species as "little known" and "common", based on availability of potential habitat. In 2020 the IUCN classified the pygmy slow loris as endangered, as did the Vietnam

5851: 898:. Feeding on gum takes place over a time period ranging from one to twenty minutes and involves intense licking, sometimes accompanied by audible scratching and bark-breaking sounds. Feeding on exudates usually occurs at heights over 8 m (26 ft). The seasonal color variation that occur in the dorsal stripe of Vietnamese individuals may be related to the need to engage in exudate feeding. 799:, experiencing a single four- to five-day period of reproductive activity between late July and early October in captivity, with births occurring from early February to mid-March. As a result, opportunities for mating are rare, and females rely heavily on scent to assess mate quality. Females show a strong preference for familiar-smelling males over novel-smelling males. Research on the process of 845:) (63%) and animal prey (33%), with other food types making up the remainder. A study on recently reintroduced individuals found similar results—40% insects, 30% gum, and 30% other exudates. The pygmy slow loris will gouge trees to feed on the released exudates. Although tree gum is not as nutrient-rich as its preferred diet, it is available year-round. The pygmy slow loris is a specialized 710:, although it is least active on cold, moonlit nights and is generally active on dark nights, regardless of temperature. In the wild, it is normally encountered alone, or in small groups of two to four individuals. Males use scent marking to defend territories and mark their boundaries. Females prefer to mate with males whose scent is familiar. Males will also 1067:

in China and Vietnam, possession and storage are also illegal. Under Vietnamese law it has had the highest level of wildlife protection since 1992, all exploitation and use of the pygmy slow loris is illegal. However, enforcement is poor while minor penalties have little deterring effect. In terms of international protection, the species was elevated to

679:, and have silvery hairs mingled with the darker ones. The buff legs are also tipped with silvery white hairs. The underparts are plumbeous (lead-colored) at the base, with ochraceous apical portions. The hands and feet are silvery white, with yellowish-white nails. Foot length is relatively consistent, averaging about 45 mm (1.8 in). 841:, feeding on termites, ants, other insects, and fruit. Insects are captured with one or both hands while standing or hanging upside-down from a branch. Insect prey is typically consumed at heights less than 10 m (33 ft). A Vietnamese study concluded that the diet of the pygmy slow loris consists largely of tree exudates ( 252: 733:, noxious toxin. When startled, the slow loris licks its brachial glands and applies the secretion to its heads. The oily secretion contains a complex mixture of volatile and semi-volatile components; one chemical analysis indicated over 200 components were present. One of the components is a member of the 901:

The diet of the pygmy slow loris is seasonal. In north Vietnam, for example, the winter is characterized by low rainfalls and temperatures as low as 5 °C in the north of its range, when there is little growth of vegetation in forests, few insects, and limited food resources. The pygmy slow loris

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The female is mildly aggressive to her suitors during estrus, and will often lunge at males, usually after a long period of being approached and followed. Vocalizations during mating include a whistling sound, most commonly by the female, usually during June and August, coinciding with female estrus.

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Both the Bengal slow loris and pygmy slow loris are found in more than 20 protected areas, although their populations are either low or insufficiently recorded. The pygmy slow loris is protected in most of its range states: in Cambodia, China, and Vietnam. This makes hunting and capture illegal, and

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Due to a combination of unstable political situations in its range, and its nocturnal, arboreal lifestyle, population data for the pygmy slow loris are scarce. The population in China has been estimated at less than 500 individuals. In the 1980s, one estimate placed the population at roughly 72,000

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The pygmy slow loris has a head and body length (measured from the top of the head to the base of the tail) of 195–230 mm (7.7–9.1 in); there is no significant difference in size between the sexes. The length of the skull is less than 55 mm (2.2 in). The tail is short, averaging

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Illegal trade routes are known to exist from Cambodia, to Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, with much of this trade destined for China. Surveys from 1998 and 1999 show that 80 to 90 animals were imported from Vietnam though Hekou Port into Yunnan province, making it the most commonly recorded animal in

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The population in southern China has been reduced to a few hundred individuals, and by another report, may be locally extinct. The decreasing number of pygmy slow lorises for sale corroborates reports of rapid declines in Vietnamese populations. By 2007, field sightings were becoming scarce, and

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by changes in the length of the day and night. This seasonal change in bodyweight occurs in both sexes, in both pregnant and non-pregnant females—an adaptation thought to help ensure survival during winter when food resources become scarce. The species has distinctive teeth morphology: its third

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of six months. For the first few days, the young loris clings to the belly of its mother. The offspring will be nursed for an average of 4.5 months, but weaning can sometimes take up to 8 months. The female reaches sexual maturity at about 9 months, while the male reaches maturity by about 18–20

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in August 1993; of these, only four survived. Pygmy lorises may cost up to US$ 400 on the Taiwanese pet market. In the USA, occasionally, pygmy lorises smuggled from Vietnam have been confiscated. The Endangered Primate Rescue Centre reports that the pygmy slow loris is the most often rescued

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in the northern part of this country due to the belief that it is a crop pest. The demand of the pet and the medicinal markets is further aggravating the situation, which is reflected by its abundance in many local markets. This demand has recently increased due to human population growth and

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In addition to habitat destruction, the pygmy slow loris is seriously threatened by hunting and trade. Within its geographic range and neighbor countries, the trade in the pygmy slow loris has recently increased due to economic changes and human population growth, and the trend is expected to

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Exporting countries reported a total of 111 pygmy slow lorises traded internationally between 1977 and 2004, whereas importing countries reported 131 animals. In Laos, large numbers of native lorises are exported to Vietnam. In Japan, pet shops occasionally offer pygmy slow lorises for US$

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in primates suggests that the exclusive presence of one male's scent in the area is a reliable cue that he is capable of defending the area and/or preventing rival males from marking. Pygmy slow lorises usually have a litter size of one or two; separate studies have reported frequencies of

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Blair, Mary E.; Cao, Giang T. H.; López-Nandam, Elora H.; Veronese-Paniagua, Daniel A.; Birchette, Mark G.; Kenyon, Marina; Md-Zain, Badrul M.; Munds, Rachel A.; Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Nijman, Vincent; Roos, Christian; Thach, Hoàng M.; Sterling, Eleanor J.; Le, Minh D. (3 March 2023).

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and the ongoing clearing of forests in Vietnam have resulted in a considerable loss of habitat. As of 2003, the forest cover had been reduced to 30% of its original area, with only 10% of the remaining forest consisting of the closed-canopy forests preferred by the pygmy slow loris.

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continue. Decreased sightings in the field and at animal markets indicate that wild populations are being depleted since the low reproduction rate of the pygmy slow loris cannot keep pace with these large-scale off-takes. Accordingly, conservationists and field biologists fear

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and play with their young, which may lead to a lower infant survival rate. Mothers will "park" their young at one week of age while foraging, and the young begin following their mothers at about two weeks. The life span of the pygmy slow loris is about 20 years.

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to brownish, and are sometimes "frosted" with silvery gray white hairs. The presence or absence of a dorsal stripe and silvery hair tips appear to be a seasonal variation and have led some to postulate the existence of an additional species,

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Within the whole Indochinese region, populations of the pygmy slow loris have drastically decreased as a result of military activities, defoliant spraying, logging, and massive off-takes, especially in Vietnam. It has been

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dietary preferences allows them to overcome difficult environmental conditions; gum allows them to live at a low energy level with a reduced metabolism. Trees from which exudates are eaten are from the following families:

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the surveys. China is the primary destination of most Vietnamese slow lorises, although they are also smuggled to other countries, including Taiwan. In one noted incident, 102 animals were confiscated during transit to

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Nekaris, K. A. I.; Starr, C. R.; Collins, R. L.; Wilson, A. (2010). "Comparative Ecology of Exudate Feeding by Lorises (Nycticebus, Loris) and Pottos (Perodicticus, Arctocebus)". In Burrows, A. M.; Nash, L. T (eds.).

567:, including the pygmy slow loris, were shown to be genetically distinct, and the species was shown to have diverged earlier than the other slow loris species, beginning perhaps 2.7 million years ago. Analysis of 654:; they are darker in young individuals. There is a white stripe extending from the nose to the forehead, and the sides of the head and upper lip are silvery gray, while the rest of the face and top of the head is 849:, a trait that helps it overcome difficulties in finding food during times of shortage. Unable to leap from tree to tree, the pygmy slow loris has a restricted range from which it may obtain food sources. Having 419: 1086:

maintained approximately 80% of that country's population of the species in 2007. However, the species is still vulnerable to hunting, even in protected areas. In Laos, the species has been recorded in seven

714:—mark over or adjacent to another individual's mark deposited earlier—to advertise competitive ability to females. Females actively prefer countermarking males to males whose odors have been countermarked. 966:

Limestone, Dakchung Plateau, and Bolaven Northeast. Its encounter rate, determined from two field studies from Laos and Vietnam combined, was 0.05–0.08 lorises/km. In Cambodia, this value ranged from 0 in

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in the near future. Between 1998 and 2006, 70% of pygmy slow lorises seized by authorities died before reaching a sheltering zoo, resulting in replacement demand and additional captures from the wild.

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Nekaris, K. A. I.; Shepherd, C. R.; Starr, C. R.; Nijman, V. (2010). "Exploring cultural drivers for wildlife trade via an ethnoprimatological approach: a case study of slender and slow lorises (

658:. It has small black ears, typically about 23 mm (0.91 in) long, which do not have fur on the tips. On the dorsal side of the animal, a rufous to brownish-black stripe runs from the 499:, but it turned out that his specimens were merely adults of the pygmy slow loris, which had originally been described on the basis of a juvenile. After studying slow lorises from Indochina, 4533:(M.Sc. thesis). Post-Graduate Program in Wildlife Biology & Conservation Centre for Wildlife Studies and National Centre for Biological Sciences UAS-GKVK Campus Bangalore. Archived from 3023:

Cai, M.; Liu, D.; Turnbull, J. W. (2003). "Rehabilitation of degraded forests to improve the livelihoods of poor farmers: A synthesis of four case studies in South China". In Liu, D. (ed.).

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Pan, D.; Chen, J. H.; Groves, C.; Wang, Y. X.; Narushima, E.; Fitch-Snyder, H.; Crow, P.; Jinggong, X.; et al. (2007). "Mitochondrial control region and population genetic patterns of

675:, although DNA analysis has since confirmed this to be an adult version of the pygmy slow loris. The pygmy slow loris has buffy flanks, paler than the back. The upper sides of the arms are 1145:

There are also parts and derivatives of pygmy lorises in trade, such as the skin and the hair. All parts of the animal are used in traditional Khmer medicine. In Vietnam, medicine such as

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Hagey, L. R.; Fry, B. G.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (2007). "Talking defensively, a dual use for the brachial gland exudate of slow and pygmy lorises". In Gursky, S. L.; Nekaris, K. A. I (eds.).

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Typical facial features include the overall rufous color, brown rings encircling large eyes, a white stripe from the nose to the forehead, and silvery gray hair at the sides of the head.

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Chen, J. -H.; Pan, D.; Groves, C. P.; Wang, Y. -X.; Narushima, E.; Fitch-Snyder, H.; Crow, P.; Thanh, V. N.; Ryder, O.; Zhang, H. -W.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, Y. (2006). "Molecular phylogeny of

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months. The pygmy slow loris is seasonally fertile during the months of July and October. Chemical signals play a role in the reproductive behavior of female pygmy slow lorises.

1083: 1202:. As of 2008, the captive population in North America had grown to 74 individuals, with most of them born at the San Diego Zoo; as of 2013, the species is the most common 529:

analysis. Nekaris and Nijman (2022) combined morphological, behavioural, karyotypical and genetic data and suggested that pygmy lorises are best placed in their own genus,

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in 2007. In addition, since October 2001, the European Union prohibits imports for all wild specimens of pygmy slow loris from Laos and Cambodia for conservation reasons.

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Lai, Y.; Liao, S.; Liu, D.; Liu, J.; Su, J.; Zhang, Y. (2003). "Reclaiming degraded forest lands in the dry, hot climate of Yuanmou County, Yunnan". In Liu, D. (ed.).

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counties of Yunnan. In Vietnam, the pygmy slow loris was widespread throughout the country, but concern is increasing with conservation and rehabilitation efforts in

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in 1968. In 1986, about 37 pygmy lorises were exported from Vietnam and Laos to Sweden. A year later, several pairs caught from the wild were transferred to zoos in

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Fuller, G.; Kuhar, C. W.; Dennis, P. M.; Lukas, K. E. (2013). "A survey of husbandry practices for lorisid primates in North American zoos and related facilities".

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throughout its range, including north-eastern Cambodia, the Yunnan Province of China, and Vietnam. In Yunnan province, nearly all primary evergreen forests have

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Jurke, M. H.; Czekala, N. M.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (1997). "Non-invasive detection and monitoring of estrus, pregnancy and the postpartum period in pygmy loris (

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Fisher, H. S.; Swaisgood, R. R.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (2003b). "Odor familiarity and female preferences for males in a threatened primate, the pygmy loris

595:, and that the individuals they used in the study originate from an ancestor that lived in middle or southern Vietnam between 1860 and 7350 years ago. 2538: 1162:

species, which reflects their abundance in trade. In Europe, illegal purchases have been reported from Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and Moscow.

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and fungi prior to gouging. The animals conserve energy in the colder winter months by reducing movement, often to the point of complete inactivity.

4228:: a qualitative description, including some information about morphological bases of behavior". In Alterman, L.; Doyle, G. A.; Izard, M. K (eds.). 3231: 3237:. Vientiane: IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Wildlife Conservation Society, Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management. Archived from 1122:

Pygmy slow lorises obtained from animal markets suffer from stress, neglect, malnutrition, and infection. As a consequence, they seldom live long.

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Schulze, H.; Groves, C. P. (2004). "Asian Lorises: taxonomic problems caused by illegal trade". In Nadler, T.; Streicher, U.; Hà, T. L (eds.).

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Eudey, A. A. (1995). "The impact of socioeconomic decisions on the status of the orangutan and other east Asian fauna". In Nadler, R. D (ed.).

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in 1907. The description was based on a male specimen sent to him by J. Vassal, a French physician who had collected the specimen from

3900: 6052: 6015: 5987: 5728: 4416: 4594: 5364: 1102:, as both have similarly reddish fur, which is variable in colors. In international shipments, pygmy lorises may be even mixed up with 6880: 4146:"Protecting mammal diversity: Opportunities and constraints for pragmatic conservation management in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam" 3462:

Primates of the Oriental Night. Proceedings of the Indonesian Workshop: Taxonomy, Husbandry, and Conservation of Tarsiers and Lorises

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will also consume insects that have been exposed by its bamboo-gouging activities. It will use its toothcomb to clean an area of

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of 1 female to 1.68 males. Because they must divide time equally between offspring, mothers of twins spend less time engaging in

4249:"Hiding from the moonlight: Luminosity and temperature affect activity of Asian nocturnal primates in a highly seasonal forest" 2933: 2588:"Lorises and pottos: species, subspecies, local populations. Table 14 b: Threat due to predation, poaching and similar causes" 6792: 6611: 4237: 4032: 3809: 3713: 3686: 3469: 3278: 3032: 2968: 1134:, or, to a lesser extent, as food for local consumption. According to a 2003 report, the animals were sold for 30,000–50,000 6766: 4521: 3475: 1278: 923: 783:

show that the youngest male to sire offspring was around 18 months of age, and the youngest female conceived at 16 months.

3152: 3043: 1098:, to be reintroduced into the wild. Non-experts may find it difficult to distinguish between the pygmy slow loris and the 6574: 3396: 1175: 3425: 2677:

Nekaris, K.A.I.; Al-Razi, H.; Blair, M.; Das, N.; Ni, Q.; Samun, E.; Streicher, U.; Xue-long, J.; Yongcheng, L. (2020).

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unique enough to be considered a distinct species. The validity of this opinion was later corroborated by studies of

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of the pygmy slow loris include a short whistle, mother-infant contact calls, and a whistling sound produced during

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on the chromosomes of all slow lorises are similar, this species may be distinguished from the Bengal slow loris (

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Nekaris, K. A. I.; Nijman, V. (2007). "CITES proposal highlights rarity of Asian nocturnal primates (Lorisidae:

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Conservation database for lorises (Loris, Nycticebus) and pottos (Arctocebus, Perodicticus), prosimian primates

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is triangular in outline and only slightly smaller than the first molar; its second molar is the largest. The

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The habitat of the pygmy slow loris in Vietnam was greatly reduced due to extensive burning, clearing, and

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The pygmy slow loris can conceive by 18 months and give birth to its first offspring by two years of age.

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Su, B.; Wang, W.; Zhang, Y.-P. (1998). "Protein polymorphism and genetic divergence in slow loris (genus

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Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Primatology. Volume 1. Taxonomy, Anatomy, Reproduction

3433:. Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species (CRES), Zoological Society of San Diego. pp. 28–44. 1038:(EU) (2005) describes the population status in Laos as "apparently widespread, but not common anywhere". 968: 939: 580: 571:

diversity from individuals taken from the boundary areas between southern China and Vietnam (a region of

455: 3820: 3404:. Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species (CRES), Zoological Society of San Diego. pp. 7–13. 3238: 6505: 1074:

The species has been recorded in at least 6 national parks and 12 nature reserves. In China,

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have a strong characteristic odor and are used to communicate information about social relationships.

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Tan, C. L.; Drake, J. H. (2001). "Evidence of tree gouging and exudate eating in pygmy slow lorises (

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primate kept in North American zoos. About 175 pygmy lorises live in breeding facilities worldwide.

2701: 1249: 487:, while acknowledging that "it may be deemed necessary to accede this form specific rank." In 1960, 6905: 6895: 1094:

In Vietnam, confiscated pygmy lorises are usually taken to the Endangered Primate Rescue Centre in

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Fisher, H. S.; Swaisgood, R. R.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (2003a). "Countermarking by male pygmy lorises (

745:. The similarity between the brachial gland secretions and domestic cat allergens may account for 6222: 1194:

for the species, following a proposal by the Global Captive Action Plan for Primates to create a

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is currently putting severe pressure on Cambodian populations. The pygmy slow loris is seriously

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The pygmy slow loris mates once every 12–18 months and has one or two offspring after an average

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Dang, H. H. (1998). "Ecology, biology and conservation status of prosimian species in Vietnam".

3160:. Netherlands: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( 6753: 6467: 5929: 5082: 4707: 951: 730: 588: 492: 4145: 1135: 1068: 662:

to the middle of the lower back. The upper parts, including the shoulders and upper back, are

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Chen, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, L.; Liu, R.; Wang, Y. (1993). "Studies on the chromosomes of genus

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Gosling, L. M. (1982). "A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories".

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Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests to Improve Livelihoods of Poor Farmers in South China

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Notification to Parties: Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II

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Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests to Improve Livelihoods of Poor Farmers in South China

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Zhang, Y. -P.; Chen, Z. -P.; Shi, L. -M. (1993). "Phylogeny of the slow lorises (genus

4654: 4581: 4508: 4283: 4248: 4195: 4123: 4002: 3957: 3788: 3752: 3665: 3627: 3573: 3544: 3366: 3317: 3309: 3201: 3139: 3106: 3015: 2659: 1606: 1338: 1002: 526: 464: 411: 264: 97: 4593:

Wang, W.; Su, B.; Lan, H.; Liu, R.; Zhu, C.; Nie, W.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Y. -P. (1996).

3460:. In Shekelle, M.; Maryanto, I.; Groves, C. P.; Schulze, H.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (eds.). 2678: 1226: 1025:

The pygmy slow loris is captured for use in traditional medicine throughout its range.

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Weisenseel, K. A.; Izard, M. K.; Nash, L. T.; Ange, R. L.; Poorman-Allen, P. (1998).

4573: 4385: 4288: 4233: 4212: 4086: 4028: 3994: 3949: 3805: 3792: 3744: 3709: 3700:. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. New York, New York: Springer. 3682: 3602: 3536: 3465: 3383: 3358: 3274: 3205: 3066: 3028: 2964: 1610: 1598: 1577:"A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)" 1398: 1380: 1342: 1317:"A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)" 1199: 1183: 1031: 683: 576: 563:

from 22 slow loris individuals. In this analysis, most of the recognized lineages of

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Ratajszczak, R. (1998). "Taxonomy, distribution and status of the lesser slow loris

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Streicher, U.; Vu Ngoc Thanh; Nadler, T.; Timmins, R. J.; Nekaris, K. A. I. (2008).

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in its eyes to assist with night vision. In adults, the rings circling the eyes are

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Fitch-Snyder, H.; Ehrlich, A. (2003). "Mother-infant interactions in slow lorises (

3499: 3370: 3350: 3301: 3193: 3131: 3098: 3011: 2929: 2696: 1588: 1388: 1370: 1328: 1244: 1195: 1158: 1099: 1051: 1043: 1005:; as of 2005, forest cover has been reduced by 42% since the mid-1990s. The use of 998: 919: 915: 914:

The pygmy slow loris is nocturnal and arboreal, and is most commonly found in semi-

809: 800: 784: 515: 447: 387: 336: 277: 241: 2629: 947: 6813: 6450: 6402: 6005: 5936: 5649: 5292: 5278: 4273: 3841:"Conservation status of primates in Malesia, with special reference to Indonesia" 1225:

Blair, M.; Nadler, T.; Ni, O.; Samun, E.; Streicher, U.; Nekaris, K.A.I. (2021).

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Other vocalizations recorded during estrus include chittering and growling. The

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The pygmy slow loris as illustrated in Bonhote's 1907 description of the species

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

4360: 4339: 4165: 4119: 3784: 3705: 3354: 3305: 3102: 2631: 2095: 1951: 6874: 6774: 6651: 6388: 6331: 6072: 5679: 5594: 5553: 5494: 5385: 5357: 5313: 5299: 5163: 5150: 5105: 4891: 4767: 4389: 4090: 4085:. Edinburgh Univ Pubs Science & Maths, No 3. Edinburgh University Press. 3486:

Fitch-Snyder, H.; Jurke, M. (2003). "Reproductive patterns in pygmy lorises (

3387: 3292:): Do females use odor cues to select mates with high competitive ability?". 3070: 2687: 2640: 1602: 1384: 1235: 1179: 994: 885: 865: 796: 734: 618: 392: 164: 70: 4216: 3042:

Chen, J. -H.; Crow, P.; Narushima, E.; Zhang, H. -W.; Zhang, Y. -P. (2004).

2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2315: 2313: 2311: 1170:

The first documented pygmy slow loris in North America was kept at Hawaii's

636: 6585: 6351: 6324: 6315: 6301: 6277: 5868: 5822: 5521: 5514: 5350: 5227: 5204: 4577: 4378:

Reintroduction News, Newsletter of the IUCN Reintroduction Specialist Group

4292: 3998: 3953: 3606: 3540: 3378:

Fitch-Snyder, H.; Livingstone, K. (2008). "Lorises: The surprise primate".

3362: 1891: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1707: 1705: 1402: 1171: 1010: 769: 725:

near their elbow (brachial glands). This clear liquid, when mixed with its

707: 667: 557: 549: 537: 503: 434: 368: 360: 201: 3748: 3427:

Management of Lorises in Captivity. A Husbandry Manual for Asian Lorisines

3398:

Management of Lorises in Captivity. A Husbandry Manual for Asian Lorisines

2838: 2826: 2676: 1375: 1118: 829: 603: 41: 6818: 6735: 6593: 6568: 6499: 6445: 6379: 6236: 6229: 6181: 6130: 6042: 5693: 5631: 5617: 5562: 5535: 5464: 5450: 5443: 5422: 5392: 5378: 5248: 5190: 2850: 2443: 2364: 2308: 1963: 1593: 1576: 1333: 1316: 1014: 954:. In Laos, populations have been recorded in Phou Khaokhoay, Nam Kading, 895: 855: 842: 746: 722: 500: 403: 6701: 6519: 4137:

The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia, vol. 1

3860: 3840: 3395:

Fitch-Snyder, H.; Schulze, H., eds. (2001a). "Distribution and status".

2241: 1702: 1021: 251: 6727: 6598: 6294: 6270: 6116: 6089: 5881: 5811: 5789: 5714: 5672: 5624: 5603: 5436: 5429: 5329: 5271: 5234: 4932: 4787: 4683: 4504: 3661: 3569: 3313: 3135: 2217: 2035: 1939: 1795: 1150: 963: 838: 651: 511: 480: 341: 308: 4649: 4628: 4569: 4338:

Starr, C.; Nekaris, K. A. I.; Streicher, U.; Leung, L. K. -P. (2011).

4191: 3990: 3945: 3821:"Wildlife trade in Yunnan Province, China, at the Border with Vietnam" 3741:

10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)41:2<103::AID-AJP3>3.0.CO;2-0

3598: 3532: 3503: 3262:. Vol. 1. New York, New York: American Museum of Natural History. 3197: 2898: 2804: 2802: 2011: 989:

The pygmy slow loris has declined in numbers as a result of extensive

6740: 6395: 6342: 6261: 6026: 5898: 5796: 5750: 5735: 5707: 5700: 5686: 5665: 5658: 5610: 5576: 5473: 5241: 5220: 4731: 4670:): an approach using mitochondrial DNA restriction enzyme analysis". 4329: 3905:): using education workshops to counter an increase in illegal trade" 3764:

Kalimullah, E. A.; Schmidt, S. M.; Schmidt, M. J.; Lu, J. J. (2008).

2910: 1355: 1203: 1006: 955: 846: 788: 687: 630: 451: 376: 372: 174: 114: 6461: 3861:"Conservation status of the primates of the Indo-Chinese sub-region" 1807: 1785: 1783: 934:

province in southern China. In China it has been recorded only from

833:

Insect prey can be captured while hanging upside-down from a branch.

772:

levels of the males are seasonal, with peaks coinciding with female

640:

Palatal (left) and lateral (right) views of a pygmy slow loris skull

6645: 6553: 6484: 6202: 5963: 5804: 5583: 5406: 5371: 5336: 5322: 5123: 4749: 2874: 2799: 1927: 1915: 1903: 1843: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1314: 890: 875: 870: 860: 773: 718: 629:

on its lower jaw are procumbent (tilt forward) and together form a

364: 355:

from northern Vietnam, Laos and China and the southern pygmy loris

324: 134: 2886: 2107: 1999: 1224: 808:

as either 50% or 100% of births. Data collected from a seven-year

6527: 6164: 5766: 5569: 5528: 5343: 5213: 5135: 4761: 3490:): Behavioral and physiological correlates of gonadal activity". 2789: 2787: 2412: 1780: 1617: 792: 622: 316: 154: 5074: 4042:

Nguyen, Q. T.; Nguyen, V. S.; Ngo, X. T.; Nguyen, T. S. (2003).

3804:. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research. 3027:. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research. 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2083: 1641: 1522: 1520: 6714: 6660: 6365: 5920: 5415: 5129: 5117: 4755: 4743: 4300:

Starr, C.; Nekaris, K. A. I.; Streicher, U.; Leung, L. (2010).

2047: 2023: 1987: 931: 927: 903: 880: 756: 742: 726: 655: 553: 312: 144: 124: 2784: 1220: 1218: 1055:

improved economic conditions within the region. According to

351:

in 2022. Two species are recognised, the northern pygmy loris

6852: 6358: 6150: 6123: 6063: 4873: 4828: 3899:

Navarro-Montes, A.; Nekaris, K. A. I.; Parish, T. J. (2009).

3648:

Groves, C. P. (1998). "Systematics of tarsiers and lorises".

3424:

Fitch-Snyder, H.; Schulze, H., eds. (2001b). "Reproduction".

3333:: Applications for genetic management of small populations". 3161: 2613: 2611: 2486: 2376: 1517: 1107: 1103: 1056: 676: 380: 339:, and evergreen forests. It was originally classified within 328: 184: 87: 81: 3452: 3328: 3287: 2352: 2065: 1897: 1885: 1873: 1861: 1770: 1768: 1717: 644:

Like other strepsirrhine primates, the pygmy slow loris has

579:) show that the pygmy slow loris is not subject to the same 3898: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2388: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 1975: 1801: 1753: 1629: 1556: 1215: 805: 659: 320: 4595:"Interspecific differentiation of the slow lorises (genus 4337: 4299: 3968: 3763: 3556:

Fooden, J. (1996). "Zoogeography of Vietnamese primates".

3229: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2608: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2456: 2370: 2319: 1969: 1957: 1663: 1661: 1544: 4013: 3151:

CITES Management Authority of Cambodia (3–15 June 2007).

2247: 2223: 1765: 1711: 1532: 4523:

Assessing the feeding ecology of the Bengal slow loris (

4083:

Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy I—Strepsirhini

3722: 3000:"On a collection of mammals made by Dr. Vassal in Annam" 2772: 2755: 2728: 2563: 2505: 2289: 2265: 2253: 2229: 2119: 2041: 1445: 1433: 1126:

The pygmy slow loris is traded mainly for its purported

694:) by distinct differences in the number and location of 359:

from southern Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The animal is

4626: 4609:(1): 89–93. CNKI:SUN:DWXY.0.1996-01-015. Archived from 4400:

Aspects of ecology and conservation of the pygmy loris

4344:

using local knowledge in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia"

3377: 3048:) revealed by D-loop sequences and complete cytochrome 2963:(3rd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Academic Press. 2904: 2575: 2205: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2166: 2142: 2017: 1831: 1819: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1658: 1481: 475:

also consolidated all the slow lorises in one species,

331:. It occurs in a variety of forest habitats, including 4729: 4410:(PhD. thesis). Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians Universität. 4232:. New York, New York: Plenum Press. pp. 221–250. 4044:"Evaluation of the wildlife trade in Na Hang District" 3584: 3230:

Duckworth, J.; Salter, R. E.; Khounboline, K. (1999).

3041: 2916: 2462: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2342: 2340: 1813: 1741: 1575:

Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Nijman, Vincent (2022-03-23).

4041: 3464:. Cibinong, Indonesia: LIPI Press. pp. 123–135. 3455:"Enclosure design for captive slow and pygmy lorises" 3453:

Fitch-Snyder, H.; Schulze, H.; Streicher, U. (2003).

2814: 2808: 2544:. Japan Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from 2325: 2071: 1457: 6376: 6312: 6290: 6198: 6187: 6177: 6078: 6048: 6038: 6011: 5993: 5983: 5959: 5949: 5905: 5894: 5777: 5747: 5646: 5491: 5461: 5403: 5310: 5259: 5201: 5186: 5176: 4224:

Schulze, H.; Meier, B. (1996). "Behavior of captive

3878: 3695: 3423: 3394: 3273:. New York, New York: Plenum Press. pp. 25–28. 2892: 2880: 2862: 2716: 2474: 2178: 2154: 2005: 1945: 1933: 1921: 1909: 1789: 1729: 1673: 1505: 1493: 1469: 1421: 3510: 2670: 2424: 2400: 2337: 2277: 2113: 2101: 1409: 429: 4610: 4340:"Field surveys of the Vulnerable pygmy slow loris 3858: 2418: 795:at about 24 weeks of age. The pygmy slow loris is 471:In an influential 1953 publication, primatologist 418:; consequently, it is listed in Appendix I of the 4428:Verhandlungsbericht der Erkrankungen der Zootiere 4310:in Cambodia: an impediment to their conservation" 4246: 4097: 3681:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 3485: 3084: 2089: 2053: 2029: 1993: 1849: 1652: 1623: 587:). The authors of the study suggest that the low 462:combined all slow lorises into a single species, 6872: 4629:"A comparison of reproduction in two species of 4417:"Seasonal body weight changes in pygmy lorises ( 4247:Starr, C.; Nekaris, K. A. I.; Leung, L. (2012). 4211:. Hanoi, Vietnam: Frankfurt Zoological Society. 4178:and their implications for captive management". 4067:"Wildlife trading in Vietnam: why it flourishes" 3879:Nadler, T.; Thanh, V. N.; Streicher, U. (2007). 3643:. Zürich, Switzerland: S Karger. pp. 44–53. 3635:Groves, C. P. (1971). "Systematics of the genus 2623: 4599:) inferred from ribosomal DNA restriction maps" 4368: 4230:Creatures of the Dark. The Nocturnal Prosimians 3213:Dao, V. T. (1960). "Sur une nouvelle espèce de 3117: 3004:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2702:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39758A179045340.en 2597:. www.loris-conservation.org. 4 February 2003. 2499: 1526: 1250:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T14941A198267330.en 4465:"Diet and feeding behaviour of pygmy lorises ( 3022: 2382: 1315:K. Anne-Isola Nekaris; Vincent Nijman (2022). 930:River in Vietnam, eastern Cambodia, Laos, and 424:International Union for Conservation of Nature 371:on the inside of its elbows. The teeth in its 5090: 4715: 4371:"Re-introduction of pygmy lorises in Vietnam" 4206: 3927: 3799: 2793: 2394: 2358: 1574: 1059:, this activity is considered unsustainable. 479:, and considered other forms distinct at the 5161: 4665: 4592: 4223: 3881:"Conservation status of Vietnamese primates" 2958: 2530: 1981: 1759: 1635: 1562: 1550: 4486: 4173: 2617: 1538: 909: 552:derived from the mitochondrial DNA markers 458:, a French Protectorate) in 1905. In 1939, 5097: 5083: 4722: 4708: 4139:. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 463. 4080: 3639:". In Biegert, J.; Leutenegger, W (eds.). 3150: 2766: 2749: 2524: 2302: 2136: 2066:Fisher, Swaisgood & Fitch-Snyder 2003a 1898:Fisher, Swaisgood & Fitch-Snyder 2003a 1886:Fisher, Swaisgood & Fitch-Snyder 2003a 1874:Fisher, Swaisgood & Fitch-Snyder 2003b 1862:Fitch-Snyder, Schulze & Streicher 2003 1774: 1451: 1439: 812:program indicates that they have a skewed 250: 59: 40: 4648: 4462: 4438: 4414: 4396: 4359: 4328: 4282: 4272: 4164: 4143: 3838: 3232:"Wildlife in Lao PDR, 1999 Status Report" 2778: 2700: 2569: 2271: 2259: 2235: 2211: 2199: 2172: 2148: 1837: 1802:Navarro-Montes, Nekaris & Parish 2009 1747: 1723: 1696: 1667: 1592: 1487: 1392: 1374: 1332: 1248: 791:period lasts 123–146 days. Offspring are 598: 4551: 4527:) in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura 4019:. New York: Springer. pp. 155–168. 4017:The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates 2922: 2536: 2457:Duckworth, Salter & Khounboline 1999 2187: 1117: 1089:National Biodiversity Conservation Areas 1020: 828: 635: 602: 433: 3613: 2997: 2077: 1735: 1415: 1310: 1308: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 926:forests. It is distributed east of the 506:proposed that the pygmy slow loris was 14: 6873: 4519: 4441:"Morphological data of pygmy lorises ( 4134: 4064: 3818: 3676: 3647: 3634: 3555: 3255: 3044:"Molecular phylogeny of slow lorises ( 2820: 2722: 2480: 2331: 2160: 2042:Jurke, Czekala & Fitch-Snyder 1997 1825: 1684: 1511: 1499: 1475: 1427: 737:family of proteins, and similar to an 633:that is used in grooming and feeding. 591:of pygmy slow lorises may be due to a 345:until it was transferred to the genus 6466: 6465: 5866: 5148: 5078: 4703: 3859:MacKinnon, J.; MacKinnon, K. (1987). 3727:) using fecal estrogen metabolites". 3440:from the original on 12 November 2011 3266: 2977: 2868: 2539:"Slow lorises fly so fast into Japan" 2468: 2406: 1277: 575:between the pygmy slow loris and the 6533:16F2DB84-82CD-44B9-B9A8-30A8BA64BD20 4672:International Journal of Primatology 4108:International Journal of Primatology 3558:International Journal of Primatology 3411:from the original on 14 October 2009 3183: 3091:International Journal of Primatology 3089:inferred from mitochondrial genes". 3080:from the original on 1 October 2011. 3052:gene sequences of mitochondrial DNA" 2604:from the original on 4 October 2011. 2437: 2346: 2283: 1305: 1264: 426:(IUCN) classified it as endangered. 375:form a comb-like structure called a 4209:Conservation of Primates in Vietnam 3294:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3212: 2951: 2905:Fitch-Snyder & Livingstone 2008 2688:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2641:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1463: 1236:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 682:The pygmy slow loris has a diploid 518:determined by protein variation at 24: 4369:Streicher, U.; Nadler, T. (2003). 3628:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1982.tb00492.x 3016:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01797.x 2980:"The plight of Vietnam's primates" 1946:Hagey, Fry & Fitch-Snyder 2007 1934:Hagey, Fry & Fitch-Snyder 2007 1922:Hagey, Fry & Fitch-Snyder 2007 1910:Hagey, Fry & Fitch-Snyder 2007 1790:Nadler, Thanh & Streicher 2007 1293:from the original on 16 April 2013 25: 6932: 5149: 5104: 4476:Vietnamese Journal of Primatology 4452:Vietnamese Journal of Primatology 4302:"Traditional use of slow lorises 3888:Vietnamese Journal of Primatology 2936:from the original on 8 March 2013 1188:Association of Zoos and Aquariums 717:The pygmy slow loris produces an 6881:IUCN Red List endangered species 6427: 5867: 5849: 3977:) in South and Southeast Asia". 3698:Primate Anti-Predator Strategies 2893:Fitch-Snyder & Schulze 2001a 2881:Fitch-Snyder & Schulze 2001a 2006:Fitch-Snyder & Schulze 2001b 430:History, taxonomy, and phylogeny 101: 4051:PARC Project VIE/95/G31&031 3979:American Journal of Primatology 3729:American Journal of Primatology 3616:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 2114:Fitch-Snyder & Ehrlich 2003 2102:Fitch-Snyder & Ehrlich 2003 1850:Starr, Nekaris & Leung 2012 1568: 1165: 978: 762: 540:relationships within the genus 442:The pygmy slow loris was first 6921:Taxa named by J. Lewis Bonhote 3901:"Trade in Asian slow lorises ( 3766:"Beware the pygmy slow loris?" 2419:MacKinnon & MacKinnon 1987 1349: 1289:. UNEP-WCMC Species Database. 973:Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary 544:have been studied with modern 483:level. Osman Hill thus listed 13: 1: 3164:). p. 31. Archived from 2930:"Pygmy Slow Loris – Overview" 2104:, pp. 267, 269, table 8. 2054:Fitch-Snyder & Jurke 2003 2030:Fitch-Snyder & Jurke 2003 1994:Fitch-Snyder & Jurke 2003 1209: 4274:10.1371/journal.pone.0036396 4144:Polet, G.; Ling, S. (2004). 2383:Cai, Liu & Turnbull 2003 1581:Zoosystematics and Evolution 1321:Zoosystematics and Evolution 1142:2,000–3,800 (€1,500–2,800). 985:Conservation of slow lorises 749:in susceptible individuals. 7: 4317:Endangered Species Research 4025:10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2_8 2500:Streicher & Nadler 2003 969:Mondulkiri Protected Forest 701: 696:nucleolus organizer regions 581:introgressive hybridization 485:Nycticebus coucang pygmaeus 10: 6937: 4226:Loris tardigradus nordicus 4081:Osman Hill, W. C. (1953). 1636:Zhang, Chen & Shi 1993 1563:Zhang, Chen & Shi 1993 982: 583:as the Bengal slow loris ( 495:, Vietnam, that he called 473:William Charles Osman Hill 379:that is used for scraping 6916:Mammals described in 1907 6635: 6575:Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus 6545:Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus 6543: 6474: 6440: 6425: 6375: 6341: 6311: 6260: 6212: 6159: 6148: 6106: 6062: 6034: 6025: 5919: 5890: 5879: 5875: 5862: 5847: 5821: 5776: 5746: 5645: 5593: 5552: 5502: 5490: 5460: 5402: 5309: 5258: 5200: 5172: 5157: 5144: 5112: 5061: 5025: 4930: 4889: 4872: 4826: 4785: 4776: 4738: 4730:Extant species of family 4361:10.1017/S0030605310001316 4166:10.1017/S003060530400033X 4120:10.1007/s10764-007-9157-1 3819:Li, W.; Wang, H. (1999). 3785:10.1080/15563650802255033 3706:10.1007/978-0-387-34810-0 3355:10.1007/s00114-003-0465-9 3306:10.1007/s00265-002-0552-5 3103:10.1007/s10764-006-9032-5 2959:Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). 2794:Schulze & Groves 2004 2359:Nekaris & Nijman 2007 1539:Su, Wang & Zhang 1998 1283:"CITES species database: 787:is 184–200 days, and the 422:(CITES), and in 2020 the 304:Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus 270: 263: 258: 249: 234:Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus 230: 223: 98:Scientific classification 96: 79: 57: 48: 39: 34: 6911:Vulnerable fauna of Asia 5004:Kayan River slow loris ( 3259:A Review of the Primates 1982:Schulze & Meier 1996 1113: 1096:Cúc Phương National Park 910:Habitat and distribution 837:The pygmy slow loris is 706:The pygmy slow loris is 491:reported a species from 406:. Extensive hunting for 4977:Philippine slow loris ( 4838:Central African potto ( 2998:Bonhote, J. L. (1907). 824: 686:of 2n=50. Although the 454:, Vietnam (then called 414:by hunting, trade, and 259:Pygmy slow loris range 4525:Nycticebus bengalensis 4463:Streicher, U. (2009). 4439:Streicher, U. (2007). 4415:Streicher, U. (2005). 4397:Streicher, U. (2004). 4304:Nycticebus bengalensis 4135:Pocock, R. I. (1939). 4100:Nycticebus bengalensis 4065:Nguyen, V. S. (2003). 3839:MacKinnon, K. (1987). 3677:Groves, C. P. (2001). 3513:Nycticebus bengalensis 3256:Elliot, D. G. (1912). 2695:: e.T39758A179045340. 2681:Nycticebus bengalensis 2018:Weisenseel et al. 1998 1958:Kalimullah et al. 2008 1243:: e.T14941A198267330. 1123: 1026: 952:Cat Tien National Park 834: 641: 608: 599:Anatomy and physiology 439: 402:of forests during the 285:Nycticebus intermedius 6840:Paleobiology Database 5013:Sumatran slow loris ( 3515:) and pygmy lorises ( 3219:Zoologischer Anzeiger 2932:. Duke Lemur Center. 2779:Polet & Ling 2004 2537:Sakamoto, M. (2007). 2272:Polet & Ling 2004 1376:10.3390/genes14030643 1192:Species Survival Plan 1121: 1084:Huanglianshan Reserve 1024: 832: 741:protein found in cat 639: 606: 460:Reginald Innes Pocock 437: 408:traditional medicines 4995:Bornean slow loris ( 4918:Gray slender loris ( 4856:West African potto ( 4847:East African potto ( 4805:Calabar angwantibo ( 3911:(15). Archived from 3868:Primate Conservation 3848:Primate Conservation 3192:(suppl 1): 101–108. 2188:Tan & Drake 2001 1594:10.3897/zse.98.81942 1334:10.3897/zse.98.81942 1128:medicinal properties 546:molecular techniques 393:Urine scent markings 333:tropical dry forests 6891:Mammals of Cambodia 6666:nycticebus-pygmaeus 6637:Nycticebus pygmaeus 6380:Palaeopropithecidae 4986:Bangka slow loris ( 4959:Bengal slow loris ( 4909:Red slender loris ( 4814:Golden angwantibo ( 4637:Folia Primatologica 4603:Zoological Research 4558:Folia Primatologica 4554:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4520:Swapna, N. (2008). 4467:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4443:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4419:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4402:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4342:Nycticebus pygmaeus 4265:2012PLoSO...736396S 4180:Folia Primatologica 4176:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3934:Folia Primatologica 3773:Clinical Toxicology 3725:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3521:Folia Primatologica 3517:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3488:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3347:2003NW.....90..509F 3335:Naturwissenschaften 3331:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3290:Nycticebus pygmaeus 3186:Folia Primatologica 3171:on 28 February 2011 3059:Zoological Research 2845:Nekaris et al. 2010 2833:Nekaris et al. 2010 2634:Nycticebus pygmaeus 2248:Nekaris et al. 2010 2224:Nekaris et al. 2010 2068:, pp. 128–129. 1948:, pp. 267–268. 1726:, pp. 295–296. 1712:Nekaris et al. 2010 1466:, pp. 240–243. 1285:Nycticebus pygmaeus 1229:Nycticebus pygmaeus 1147:bone glue of monkey 1069:Appendix I of CITES 1034:the same year. The 991:habitat degradation 692:N. bengalensis 673:N. intermedius 585:N. bengalensis 569:nucleotide sequence 497:N. intermedius 416:habitat destruction 274:Nycticebus pygmaeus 51:Conservation status 6901:Mammals of Vietnam 5263:Ekgmowechashalidae 5045:Pygmy slow loris ( 5035:(Pygmy slow loris) 4968:Javan slow loris ( 4950:Sunda slow loris ( 4684:10.1007/BF02196510 4505:10.1007/BF02557745 3662:10.1007/BF02557740 3570:10.1007/BF02735268 3136:10.1007/BF02381279 2978:Baker, L. (1999). 2917:Fuller et al. 2013 2809:Nguyen et al. 2003 2723:Li & Wang 1999 2662:}}: old-form url ( 2551:on 26 January 2011 2481:Li & Wang 1999 1124: 1027: 1001:have been heavily 835: 642: 609: 527:restriction enzyme 477:Nycticebus coucang 465:Nycticebus coucang 446:scientifically by 440: 311:found east of the 307:) is a species of 288:Dao Van Tien, 1960 204:& Nijman, 2022 27:Species of primate 6868: 6867: 6827:Open Tree of Life 6468:Taxon identifiers 6459: 6458: 6436: 6435: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6410:Palaeopropithecus 6144: 6143: 6140: 6139: 5858: 5857: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5641: 5640: 5072: 5071: 5057: 5056: 5038: 4943: 4902: 4899:(Slender lorises) 4883: 4868: 4867: 4798: 4650:10.1159/000052720 4570:10.1159/000049918 4239:978-0-306-45183-6 4192:10.1159/000052710 4034:978-1-4419-6660-5 3991:10.1002/ajp.20842 3946:10.1159/000102316 3811:978-979-8764-98-1 3715:978-0-387-34807-0 3688:978-1-56098-872-4 3599:10.1002/zoo.21049 3533:10.1159/000073313 3504:10.1002/zoo.10072 3471:978-979-799-263-7 3280:978-0-306-45213-0 3270:The Neglected Ape 3198:10.1159/000052702 3034:978-979-8764-98-1 2970:978-0-12-372576-9 2857:Starr et al. 2010 2796:, pp. 33–36. 2471:, pp. 18–19. 2371:Starr et al. 2011 2320:Starr et al. 2011 1970:Starr et al. 2011 1852:, p. e36396. 1828:, pp. 33–34. 1760:Ankel-Simons 2007 1200:genetic diversity 1184:Duke Lemur Center 1044:local extinctions 999:secondary forests 684:chromosome number 577:Bengal slow loris 524:mitochondrial DNA 493:Hòa Bình Province 295: 294: 289: 281: 205: 91: 74: 35:Pygmy slow loris 16:(Redirected from 6928: 6861: 6860: 6848: 6847: 6835: 6834: 6822: 6821: 6809: 6808: 6796: 6795: 6783: 6782: 6770: 6769: 6757: 6756: 6744: 6743: 6731: 6730: 6718: 6717: 6705: 6704: 6695: 6694: 6682: 6681: 6669: 6668: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6628: 6627: 6615: 6614: 6602: 6601: 6589: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6536: 6535: 6523: 6522: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6506:Xanthonycticebus 6495: 6494: 6493: 6476:Xanthonycticebus 6463: 6462: 6431: 6378: 6316:Archaeolemuridae 6314: 6292: 6200: 6189: 6179: 6157: 6156: 6097:Xanthonycticebus 6080: 6050: 6040: 6032: 6031: 6013: 5995: 5985: 5961: 5951: 5907: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5877: 5876: 5864: 5863: 5853: 5779: 5749: 5648: 5500: 5499: 5493: 5463: 5405: 5312: 5261: 5203: 5188: 5178: 5170: 5169: 5159: 5158: 5146: 5145: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5028:Xanthonycticebus 4942: 4941: 4937: 4920:L. lydekkerianus 4901: 4900: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4662: 4652: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4589: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4539: 4532: 4516: 4483: 4473: 4459: 4449: 4435: 4425: 4411: 4409: 4393: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4334: 4332: 4330:10.3354/esr00285 4314: 4296: 4286: 4276: 4243: 4220: 4203: 4170: 4168: 4150: 4140: 4131: 4094: 4077: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4038: 4010: 3965: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3895: 3885: 3875: 3865: 3855: 3845: 3835: 3828:Traffic Bulletin 3825: 3815: 3796: 3770: 3760: 3719: 3692: 3679:Primate Taxonomy 3673: 3644: 3631: 3610: 3581: 3552: 3527:(5–6): 259–271. 3507: 3482: 3481:on 3 March 2016. 3480: 3474:. Archived from 3459: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3439: 3432: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3410: 3403: 3391: 3374: 3325: 3284: 3263: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3226: 3209: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3170: 3159: 3147: 3114: 3097:(4): 1187–1200. 3081: 3079: 3056: 3038: 3019: 2994: 2984: 2974: 2952:Literature cited 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2797: 2791: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2753: 2747: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2704: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2627: 2621: 2618:Ratajszczak 1998 2615: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2592: 2584: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2550: 2543: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2503: 2497: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2441: 2435: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2306: 2300: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1814:Chen et al. 2004 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1778: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1671: 1665: 1656: 1650: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1624:Chen et al. 2006 1621: 1615: 1614: 1596: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1551:Wang et al. 1996 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1527:Chen et al. 1993 1524: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1396: 1378: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1336: 1312: 1303: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1275: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1222: 1198:to maintain its 1196:breeding program 1186:. In 1994, the 1159:Ho Chi Minh City 1100:Sunda slow loris 810:captive breeding 801:sexual selection 785:Gestation length 781:Studbook records 688:banding patterns 558:cytochrome 531:Xanthonycticebus 520:polymorphic loci 516:genetic distance 448:J. Lewis Bonhote 388:gestation period 383:from tree bark. 348:Xanthonycticebus 299:pygmy slow loris 287: 276: 254: 236: 216:X. pygmaeus 200: 196:Xanthonycticebus 106: 105: 85: 68: 63: 62: 44: 32: 31: 21: 18:Pygmy Slow Loris 6936: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6906:Fauna of Yunnan 6896:Mammals of Laos 6871: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6856: 6851: 6843: 6838: 6830: 6825: 6817: 6814:Observation.org 6812: 6804: 6799: 6791: 6786: 6778: 6773: 6765: 6760: 6752: 6747: 6739: 6734: 6726: 6721: 6713: 6708: 6700: 6698: 6690: 6685: 6677: 6672: 6664: 6659: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6631: 6623: 6618: 6610: 6605: 6597: 6592: 6584: 6582: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6539: 6531: 6526: 6518: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6470: 6460: 6455: 6451:Subfossil lemur 6432: 6415: 6403:Mesopropithecus 6371: 6337: 6307: 6256: 6208: 6153: 6136: 6102: 6058: 6021: 5915: 5884: 5871: 5854: 5837: 5817: 5772: 5742: 5650:Caenopithecidae 5637: 5589: 5548: 5486: 5456: 5398: 5305: 5293:Muangthanhinius 5279:Ekgmowechashala 5254: 5196: 5166: 5153: 5140: 5108: 5103: 5073: 5068: 5053: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5021: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4926: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4864: 4822: 4807:A. calabarensis 4794: 4793: 4791: 4772: 4734: 4728: 4698: 4618: 4616: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4471: 4447: 4423: 4407: 4373: 4312: 4240: 4148: 4070:(Word document) 4069: 4055: 4053: 4046: 4035: 3985:(10): 877–886. 3918: 3916: 3915:on 26 July 2011 3883: 3863: 3843: 3823: 3812: 3768: 3716: 3689: 3478: 3472: 3457: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3341:(11): 509–512. 3281: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3157: 3077: 3054: 3035: 2982: 2971: 2961:Primate Anatomy 2954: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2800: 2792: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2767:CITES MAoC 2007 2765: 2756: 2750:CITES MAoC 2007 2748: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2675: 2671: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2525:CITES MAoC 2007 2523: 2506: 2498: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2444: 2436: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2395:Lai et al. 2003 2393: 2389: 2385:, pp. 1–2. 2381: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2345: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2309: 2303:CITES MAoC 2007 2301: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2137:CITES MAoC 2007 2135: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2090:Pan et al. 2007 2088: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2012: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1781: 1775:Osman Hill 1953 1773: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1722: 1718: 1710: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1674: 1666: 1659: 1653:Pan et al. 2007 1651: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1626:, p. 1197. 1622: 1618: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1452:Osman Hill 1953 1450: 1446: 1440:Osman Hill 1953 1438: 1434: 1426: 1422: 1414: 1410: 1354: 1350: 1313: 1306: 1296: 1294: 1276: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1168: 1136:Vietnamese đồng 1116: 987: 981: 960:Nakai–Nam Theun 924:mixed deciduous 912: 827: 818:social grooming 814:birth sex ratio 765: 704: 601: 508:morphologically 432: 245: 238: 232: 219: 199: 100: 92: 75: 64: 60: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6934: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6849: 6836: 6823: 6810: 6797: 6784: 6771: 6758: 6745: 6732: 6719: 6706: 6696: 6683: 6670: 6657: 6641: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6616: 6603: 6590: 6580: 6565: 6549: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6524: 6511: 6496: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6347: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6318: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6298: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6266: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6216: 6214:Cheirogaleidae 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6196: 6192:Plesiopithecus 6185: 6175: 6168: 6160: 6154: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6127: 6120: 6112: 6110: 6108:Perodicticinae 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6076: 6068: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6046: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6009: 6002: 5991: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5957: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5903: 5891: 5885: 5880: 5873: 5872: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5827: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5793: 5785: 5783: 5781:Djebelemuridae 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5760:Algeripithecus 5755: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5732: 5725: 5722:Mescalerolemur 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5654: 5652: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5599: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5558: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5481:Marcgodinotius 5477: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5409: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5275: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5209: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5184: 5181:Plesiopithecus 5173: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5154: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4983: 4974: 4965: 4961:N. bengalensis 4956: 4946: 4944: 4940:(Slow lorises) 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4915: 4911:L. tardigradus 4905: 4903: 4884: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4853: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4780: 4778:Perodicticinae 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4704: 4697: 4696: 4678:(1): 167–175. 4663: 4643:(1): 321–324. 4624: 4590: 4549: 4517: 4484: 4460: 4436: 4412: 4394: 4366: 4354:(1): 135–142. 4335: 4297: 4244: 4238: 4221: 4204: 4186:(7): 171–174. 4171: 4159:(2): 186–196. 4141: 4132: 4114:(4): 791–799. 4095: 4078: 4062: 4039: 4033: 4011: 3966: 3940:(4): 211–214. 3925: 3909:Living Forests 3896: 3876: 3856: 3836: 3816: 3810: 3797: 3779:(7): 591–645. 3761: 3735:(2): 103–115. 3720: 3714: 3693: 3687: 3674: 3645: 3632: 3611: 3582: 3564:(5): 845–899. 3553: 3508: 3483: 3470: 3450: 3421: 3392: 3375: 3326: 3300:(2): 123–130. 3285: 3279: 3264: 3253: 3227: 3210: 3181: 3148: 3115: 3082: 3065:(4): 292–297. 3061:(in Chinese). 3039: 3033: 3020: 2995: 2975: 2969: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2873: 2861: 2849: 2847:, p. 877. 2837: 2835:, p. 882. 2825: 2813: 2798: 2783: 2781:, p. 190. 2771: 2754: 2727: 2715: 2669: 2622: 2620:, p. 172. 2607: 2574: 2572:, p. 172. 2570:MacKinnon 1987 2562: 2529: 2504: 2485: 2473: 2461: 2459:, p. 176. 2442: 2440:, p. 107. 2423: 2421:, p. 189. 2411: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2373:, p. 138. 2363: 2361:, p. 212. 2351: 2349:, p. 102. 2336: 2334:, p. 848. 2324: 2322:, p. 139. 2307: 2288: 2286:, p. 105. 2276: 2274:, p. 188. 2264: 2262:, p. 296. 2260:Streicher 2005 2252: 2250:, p. 159. 2240: 2238:, p. 295. 2236:Streicher 2005 2228: 2216: 2212:Streicher 2009 2204: 2200:Streicher 2009 2192: 2177: 2173:Streicher 2004 2165: 2153: 2149:Streicher 2009 2141: 2118: 2116:, p. 259. 2106: 2094: 2092:, p. 792. 2082: 2070: 2058: 2046: 2044:, p. 112. 2034: 2022: 2020:, p. 322. 2010: 1998: 1986: 1984:, p. 228. 1974: 1972:, p. 137. 1962: 1950: 1938: 1936:, p. 269. 1926: 1924:, p. 257. 1914: 1912:, p. 253. 1902: 1900:, p. 128. 1890: 1888:, p. 123. 1878: 1876:, p. 511. 1866: 1864:, p. 130. 1854: 1842: 1838:Streicher 2007 1830: 1818: 1806: 1794: 1779: 1777:, p. 163. 1764: 1762:, p. 375. 1752: 1748:Streicher 2004 1740: 1728: 1724:Streicher 2005 1716: 1714:, p. 157. 1701: 1697:Streicher 2007 1689: 1672: 1668:Streicher 2007 1657: 1655:, p. 798. 1640: 1638:, p. 167. 1628: 1616: 1567: 1565:, p. 173. 1555: 1543: 1531: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1488:Streicher 2007 1480: 1468: 1456: 1454:, p. 162. 1444: 1442:, p. 160. 1432: 1430:, p. 165. 1420: 1408: 1348: 1304: 1263: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1190:established a 1167: 1164: 1115: 1112: 1036:European Union 980: 977: 911: 908: 826: 823: 764: 761: 703: 700: 600: 597: 593:founder effect 431: 428: 353:X. intermedius 293: 292: 291: 290: 282: 268: 267: 261: 260: 256: 255: 247: 246: 239: 228: 227: 221: 220: 213: 211: 207: 206: 192: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 94: 93: 80: 77: 76: 58: 55: 54: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6933: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6626: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6581: 6576: 6570: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6430: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6389:Archaeoindris 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6332:Hadropithecus 6329: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6147: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6083:Nycticeboides 6077: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6006:Sciurocheirus 6003: 6000: 5999: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5852: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5680:Caenopithecus 5677: 5675: 5674: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5644: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5595:Sivaladapinae 5592: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5554:Hoanghoniinae 5551: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5495:Sivaladapidae 5489: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5386:Pronycticebus 5383: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5358:Mazateronodon 5355: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5314:Cercamoniidae 5308: 5302: 5301: 5300:Palaeohodites 5297: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5164:Strepsirrhini 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151:Strepsirrhini 5147: 5143: 5137: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5106:Strepsirrhini 5100: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5067: 5066: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4979:N. menagensis 4975: 4973: 4971: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4923: 4921: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4894: 4893: 4888: 4885: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4795:(Angwantibos) 4790: 4789: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4768:Strepsirrhini 4765: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4625: 4615:on 2016-03-03 4613: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4598: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4540:on 2012-03-17 4536: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4469:) in Vietnam" 4468: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4444: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259:(4): e36396. 4258: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4063: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3904: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3622:(2): 89–118. 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3593:(1): 88–100. 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3436: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3407: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3254: 3244:on 2011-10-04 3240: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3221:(in French). 3220: 3217:au Vietnam". 3216: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2919:, p. 97. 2918: 2913: 2907:, p. 14. 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2883:, p. 13. 2882: 2877: 2871:, p. 25. 2870: 2865: 2859:, p. 17. 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2823:, p. 22. 2822: 2817: 2811:, p. 32. 2810: 2805: 2803: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2780: 2775: 2769:, p. 20. 2768: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2752:, p. 19. 2751: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2725:, p. 24. 2724: 2719: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2571: 2566: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2527:, p. 18. 2526: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2502:, p. 37. 2501: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2483:, p. 21. 2482: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2420: 2415: 2409:, p. 16. 2408: 2403: 2397:, p. 29. 2396: 2391: 2384: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2360: 2355: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2305:, p. 16. 2304: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2285: 2280: 2273: 2268: 2261: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2237: 2232: 2226:, p. 16. 2225: 2220: 2214:, p. 41. 2213: 2208: 2202:, p. 43. 2201: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2175:, p. 87. 2174: 2169: 2163:, p. 10. 2162: 2157: 2151:, p. 40. 2150: 2145: 2139:, p. 17. 2138: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2091: 2086: 2080:, p. 89. 2079: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2056:, p. 16. 2055: 2050: 2043: 2038: 2032:, p. 26. 2031: 2026: 2019: 2014: 2008:, p. 39. 2007: 2002: 1996:, p. 28. 1995: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1954: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1923: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1840:, p. 69. 1839: 1834: 1827: 1822: 1816:, p. 25. 1815: 1810: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1761: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1737: 1732: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1699:, p. 71. 1698: 1693: 1687:, p. 99. 1686: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1670:, p. 70. 1669: 1664: 1662: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1553:, p. 89. 1552: 1547: 1541:, p. 82. 1540: 1535: 1529:, p. 51. 1528: 1523: 1521: 1514:, p. 26. 1513: 1508: 1502:, p. 45. 1501: 1496: 1490:, p. 68. 1489: 1484: 1478:, p. 49. 1477: 1472: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1429: 1424: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1309: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1221: 1219: 1214: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1032:Red Data Book 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013:, during the 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 986: 976: 974: 970: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 905: 899: 897: 893: 892: 887: 886:Anacardiaceae 883: 882: 877: 873: 872: 867: 866:Euphorbiaceae 863: 862: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 831: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 760: 758: 754: 753:Vocalizations 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 735:secretoglobin 732: 728: 724: 721:secretion on 720: 715: 713: 709: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648: 647:tapeta lucida 638: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 605: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 561: 555: 551: 550:DNA sequences 547: 543: 539: 534: 532: 528: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 502: 501:primatologist 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 467: 466: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 436: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 396: 394: 389: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349: 344: 343: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305: 300: 286: 283: 279: 275: 272: 271: 269: 266: 262: 257: 253: 248: 243: 237: 235: 229: 226: 225:Binomial name 222: 218: 217: 212: 209: 208: 203: 198: 197: 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 179: 176: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165:Strepsirrhini 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 104: 99: 95: 89: 83: 78: 72: 67: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6886:Slow lorises 6636: 6544: 6475: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6330: 6325:Archaeolemur 6323: 6300: 6293: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6230:Cheirogaleus 6228: 6221: 6201: 6190: 6180: 6170: 6163: 6129: 6124:Perodicticus 6122: 6115: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6071: 6051: 6041: 6014: 6004: 5998:Saharagalago 5996: 5986: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5952: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5910:Saharagalago 5908: 5897: 5869:Lemuriformes 5823:Lemuriformes 5810: 5803: 5795: 5788: 5765: 5758: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5699: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5543:Yunnanadapis 5541: 5534: 5527: 5522:Kyitchaungia 5520: 5515:Guangxilemur 5513: 5506: 5479: 5472: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5421: 5414: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5351:Donrussellia 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5298: 5291: 5286:Gatanthropus 5284: 5277: 5270: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5228:Hesperolemur 5226: 5219: 5212: 5205:Notharctidae 5189: 5179: 5063: 5046: 5044: 5027: 5026: 5014: 5005: 4997:N. borneanus 4996: 4987: 4978: 4970:N. javanicus 4969: 4960: 4951: 4931: 4919: 4910: 4890: 4857: 4848: 4839: 4829:Perodicticus 4827: 4815: 4806: 4786: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4617:. Retrieved 4612:the original 4606: 4602: 4596: 4564:(1): 37–39. 4561: 4557: 4553: 4542:. Retrieved 4535:the original 4526: 4522: 4499:(1): 79–84. 4496: 4492: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4466: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4431: 4427: 4418: 4403: 4399: 4381: 4377: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4323:(1): 17–23. 4320: 4316: 4307: 4303: 4256: 4252: 4229: 4225: 4208: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4156: 4152: 4136: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4082: 4073: 4054:. Retrieved 4050: 4016: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3917:. Retrieved 3913:the original 3908: 3902: 3891: 3887: 3871: 3867: 3851: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3801: 3776: 3772: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3697: 3678: 3656:(1): 13–27. 3653: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3619: 3615: 3590: 3586: 3561: 3557: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3498:(1): 15–32. 3495: 3491: 3487: 3476:the original 3461: 3442:. Retrieved 3426: 3413:. Retrieved 3397: 3379: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3269: 3258: 3246:. Retrieved 3239:the original 3222: 3218: 3214: 3189: 3185: 3173:. 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